Niacinamide (nicotinamide) boosts intracellular NAD⁺, supports DNA repair, and exhibits anti‑inflammatory effects in keratinocytes. Topical 4 % solutions improve hair fullness and reduce scalp irritation.
Spironolactone is a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist with anti‑androgen properties. Oral doses 50–200 mg/day lower systemic and follicular DHT, making it a mainstay for female‑pattern hair loss.
Androgenetic alopecia is a progressive, patterned miniaturisation of hair follicles driven by genetic susceptibility to dihydrotestosterone. It affects up to 80 % of men and 50 % of women over a lifetime.
Timapiprant (OC000459) is another highly selective DP2 antagonist studied for allergic inflammation. By blocking PGD2 it is theorised to relieve the growth‑inhibiting milieu in AGA scalps.
