String.prototype.substring()

Summary: in this tutorial, you’ll learn how to use the JavaScript substring() method to extract a substring from a string.

Introduction to the JavaScript substring() method #

The substring() method returns the part of the string  from the start index (startIndex) up to and excluding the end index (endIndex):

str.substring(startIndex [, endIndex])Copy

The substring() method accepts two parameters: startIndexand endIndex:

• The startIndex specifies the index of the first character to include in the returned string.
• The endIndex determines the first character to exclude from the returned substring. In other words, the returned substring doesn’t include the character at the endIndex.

If you omit the endIndex, the substring() returns the substring to the end of the string.

If startIndex equals endIndex, the substring() method returns an empty string.

If startIndex is greater than the endIndex, the substring() swaps their roles: the startIndex becomes the endIndex and vice versa.

If either startIndex or endIndex is less than zero or greater than the string.length, the substring() considers it as zero (0) or string.length respectively.

If any parameter is NaN, the substring() treats it as if it were zero (0).

JavaScript substring() examples #

Let’s take some examples of using the JavaScript substring() method.

1) Extracting a substring from the beginning of the string example #

The following example uses the substring method to extract a substring starting from the beginning of the string:

let str = 'JavaScript Substring';
let substring = str.substring(0,10);

console.log(substring);Copy

Output:

JavaScriptCopy

2) Extracting a substring to the end of the string example #

The following example uses the substring() to extract a substring from the index 11 to the end of the string:

let str = 'JavaScript Substring';
let substring = str.substring(11);

console.log(substring);Copy

Output:

SubstringCopy

3) Extracting the domain from the email example #

The following example uses the substring() with the indexOf() to extract the domain from the email:

let email = '[email protected]';
let domain = email.substring(email.indexOf('@') + 1);

console.log(domain); // gmail.comCopy

How it works:

• First, the indexOf() returns the position of the @ character.
• Then the substring returns the domain that starts from the index of @ plus 1 to the end of the string.

Summary #

• The JavaScript substring() method returns the substring from the start index up to and excluding the end index.