Python Daemon Threads

Summary: in this tutorial, you’ll learn about Python daemon threads and how to use them effectively.

Introduction to the Python daemon threads #

In Python, every program has at least one thread called the main thread. To create a program that has more than one thread, you use the threading module. By using multiple threads, you can execute tasks concurrently.

Sometimes, you may want to execute a task in the background. To do that you use a special kind of thread called a daemon thread.

By definition, daemon threads are background threads. In other words, daemon threads execute tasks in the background.

Daemon threads are helpful for executing tasks that support non-daemon threads in the program. For example:

• Log information to a file in the background.
• Scrap contents from a website in the background.
• Auto-save the data into a database in the background.

Creating a daemon thread #

To create a daemon thread, you set the daemon to True in the Thread constructor:

t = Thread(target=f, deamon=True)Copy

Alternatively, you can set the daemon property to True after creating the Thread‘s instance:

t = Thread(target=f)
t.deamon = TrueCopy

A daemon thread example #

The following example shows how to create a non-daemon thread that shows the number of seconds that the program has been waiting for:

from threading import Thread
import time


def show_timer():
    count = 0
    while True:
        count += 1
        time.sleep(1)
        print(f'Has been waiting for {count} second(s)...')


t = Thread(target=show_timer)
t.start()

answer = input('Do you want to exit?\n')Copy

How it works.

First, define a function show_timer() that displays the number of seconds that the program has been waiting for.

Second, create a new thread that executes the show_timer() function:

t = Thread(target=show_timer)Copy

Third, start the thread:

t.start()Copy

Finally, call the input() function to prompt users for input:

answer = input('Do you want to exit?\n')Copy

If you run the program, it’ll show the following output and run forever.

Do you want to exit?Has been waiting for 1 second(s)...
Has been waiting for 2 second(s)...
Has been waiting for 3 second(s)...
Has been waiting for 4 second(s)...
Y
Has been waiting for 5 second(s)...
Has been waiting for 6 second(s)...Copy

To terminate the program, you need to kill the terminal.

The program runs indefinitely because the thread t is a non-daemon thread. The program needs to wait for all non-daemon threads to complete before it can exit.

Now, let’s turn the thread into a daemon thread:

from threading import Thread
import time


def show_timer():
    count = 0
    while True:
        count += 1
        time.sleep(1)
        print(f'Has been waiting for {count} second(s)...')


t = Thread(target=show_timer, daemon=True)
t.start()

answer = input('Do you want to exit?\n')Copy

If you run the program, input something, and hit enter, the program will terminate. For example:

Do you want to exit?
Has been waiting for 1 second(s)...
YCopy

The program terminates because it doesn’t need to wait for the daemon thread to complete. Also, the daemon thread is killed automatically when the program exits.

Daemon threads vs. non-daemon threads #

The following table illustrates the differences between daemon and non-daemon threads:

Summary #

• A daemon thread is a background thread.
• A daemon thread is useful for executing tasks that are not critical.
• The program can exit and doesn’t need to wait for the daemon threads to be completed.
• A daemon thread is automatically killed when the program exits.