Bug may exist in this line.
I use SQLiteCpp on WSL (Ubuntu 18.04 and Ubuntu 20.04) and compile it with --std=c++17. However, it always raises an error filesystem: No such file or directory.
After debugging, I found that __cplusplus = 201703, so (__cplusplus >= 201703L) && ((!defined(__MINGW32__) && !defined(__MINGW64__)) || (__GNUC__ > 8)) must be true. But, my g++ version is 7.5 and I know from this answer that 'GCC v7 still does not implement <filesystem>'.
Maybe this is a bug? I haven't test it on a real Linux system.