[fix](core) Fix the core issue caused by extra fields when casting a string to a struct.

[Mryange]

What problem does this PR solve?

select cast('{"a":1,"b":"1","c":"1","d":"1"}' as struct<a:int, b:int>);

==3393513==ERROR: AddressSanitizer: heap-buffer-overflow on address 0x506001118e20 at pc 0x55808f91364a bp 0x7f9ec8816af0 sp 0x7f9ec8816ae8
READ of size 8 at 0x506001118e20 thread T1298 (brpc_light)
    #0 0x55808f913649 in std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char>>::_M_data() const /mnt/disk6/common/ldb_toolchain_robin/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/13/../../../../include/c++/13/bits/basic_string.h:223:28
    #1 0x55808f9386f6 in std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char>>::data() const /mnt/disk6/common/ldb_toolchain_robin/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/13/../../../../include/c++/13/bits/basic_string.h:2597:16
    #2 0x55808fc4e57a in doris::Slice::Slice(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char>> const&) /mnt/disk12/yanxuecheng/doris/be/src/util/slice.h:72:40
    #3 0x5580bebb7ed9 in doris::vectorized::DataTypeStructSerDe::deserialize_one_cell_from_json(doris::vectorized::IColumn&, doris::Slice&, doris::vectorized::DataTypeSerDe::FormatOptions const&) const /mnt/disk12/yanxuecheng/doris/be/src/vec/data_types/serde/data_type_struct_serde.cpp:141:17
    #4 0x5580c90cf235 in doris::vectorized::ConvertImplGenericFromString::execute(doris::FunctionContext*, doris::vectorized::Block&, std::vector<unsigned int, std::allocator<unsigned int>> const&, unsigned int, unsigned long) /mnt/disk12/yanxuecheng/doris/be/src/vec/functions/function_cast.h:513:36
    #5 0x5580c89607e6 in doris::Status std::__invoke_impl<doris::Status, doris::Status (*&)(doris::FunctionContext*, doris::vectorized::Block&, std::vector<unsigned int, std::allocator<unsigned int>> const&, unsigned int, unsigned long), doris::FunctionContext*, doris::vectorized::Block&, std::vector<unsigned int, std::allocator<unsigned int>> const&, unsigned long, unsigned long>(std::__invoke_other, doris::Status (*&)(doris::FunctionContext*, doris::vectorized::Block&, std::vector<unsigned int, std::allocator<unsigned int>> const&, unsigned int, unsigned long), doris::FunctionContext*&&, doris::vectorized::Block&, std::vector<unsigned int, std::allocator<unsigned int>> const&, unsigned long&&, unsigned long&&) /mnt/disk6/common/ldb_toolchain_robin/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/13/../../../../include/c++/13/bits/invoke.h:61:14
    #6 0x5580c89605ca in std::enable_if<is_invocable_r_v<doris::Status, doris::Status (*&)(doris::FunctionContext*, doris::vectorized::Block&, std::vector<unsigned int, std::allocator<unsigned int>> const&, unsigned int, unsigned long), doris::FunctionContext*, doris::vectorized::Block&, std::vector<unsigned int, std::allocator<unsigned int>> const&, unsigned long, unsigned long>, doris::Status>::type std::__invoke_r<doris::Status, doris::Status (*&)(doris::FunctionContext*, doris::vectorized::Block&, std::vector<unsigned int, std::allocator<unsigned int>> const&, unsigned int, unsigned long), doris::FunctionContext*, doris::vectorized::Block&, std::vector<unsigned int, std::allocator<unsigned int>> const&, unsigned long, unsigned long>(doris::Status (*&)(doris::FunctionContext*, doris::vectorized::Block&, std::vector<unsigned int, std::allocator<unsigned int>> const&, unsigned int, unsigned long), doris::FunctionContext*&&, doris::vectorized::Block&, std::vector<unsigned int, std::allocator<unsigned int>> const&, unsigned long&&, unsigned long&&) /mnt/disk6/common/ldb_toolchain_robin/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/13/../../../../include/c++/13/bits/invoke.h:114:9
    #7 0x5580c8960201 in std::_Function_handler<doris::Status (doris::FunctionContext*, doris::vectorized::Block&, std::vector<unsigned int, std::allocator<unsigned int>> const&, unsigned long, unsigned long), doris::Status (*)(doris::FunctionContext*, doris::vectorized::Block&, std::vector<unsigned int, std::allocator<unsigned int>> const&, unsigned int, unsigned long)>::_M_invoke(std::_Any_data const&, doris::FunctionContext*&&, doris::vectorized::Block&, std::vector<unsigned int, std::allocator<unsigned int>> const&, unsigned long&&, unsigned long&&) /mnt/disk6/common/ldb_toolchain_robin/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/13/../../../../include/c++/13/bits/std_function.h:290:9
    #8 0x5580c827ff5c in std::function<doris::Status (doris::FunctionContext*, doris::vectorized::Block&, std::vector<unsigned int, std::allocator<unsigned int>> const&, unsigned long, unsigned long)>::operator()(doris::FunctionContext*, doris::vectorized::Block&, std::vector<unsigned int, std::allocator<unsigned int>> const&, unsigned long, unsigned long) const /mnt/disk6/common/ldb_toolchain_robin/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/13/../../../../include/c++/13/bits/std_function.h:591:9
    #9 0x5580c88fb7a7 in doris::vectorized::FunctionCast::prepare_remove_nullable(doris::FunctionContext*, std::shared_ptr<doris::vectorized::IDataType const> const&, std::shared_ptr<doris::vectorized::IDataType const> const&, bool) const::'lambda'(doris::FunctionContext*, doris::vectorized::Block&, std::vector<unsigned int, std::allocator<unsigned int>> const&, unsigned int, unsigned long)::operator()(doris::FunctionContext*, doris::vectorized::Block&, std::vector<unsigned int, std::allocator<unsigned int>> const&, unsigned int, unsigned long) const /mnt/disk12/yanxuecheng/doris/be/src/vec/functions/function_cast.h:2148:17
    #10 0x5580c88fae32 in doris::Status std::__invoke_impl<doris::Status, doris::vectorized::FunctionCast::prepare_remove_nullable(doris::FunctionContext*, std::shared_ptr<doris::vectorized::IDataType const> const&, std::shared_ptr<doris::vectorized::IDataType const> const&, bool) const::'lambda'(doris::FunctionContext*, doris::vectorized::Block&, std::vector<unsigned int, std::allocator<unsigned int>> const&, unsigned int, unsigned long)&, doris::FunctionContext*, doris::vectorized::Block&, std::vector<unsigned int, std::allocator<unsigned int>> const&, unsigned long, unsigned long>(std::__invoke_other, doris::vectorized::FunctionCast::prepare_remove_nullable(doris::FunctionContext*, std::shared_ptr<doris::vectorized::IDataType const> const&, std::shared_ptr<doris::vectorized::IDataType const> const&, bool) const::'lambda'(doris::FunctionContext*, doris::vectorized::Block&, std::vector<unsigned int, std::allocator<unsigned int>> const&, unsigned int, unsigned long)&, doris::FunctionContext*&&, doris::vectorized::Block&, std::vector<unsigned int, std::allocator<unsigned int>> const&, unsigned long&&, unsigned long&&) /mnt/disk6/common/ldb_toolchain_robin/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/13/../../../../include/c++/13/bits/invoke.h:61:14
    #11 0x5580c88fac0a in std::enable_if<is_invocable_r_v<doris::Status, doris::vectorized::FunctionCast::prepare_remove_nullable(doris::FunctionContext*, std::shared_ptr<doris::vectorized::IDataType const> const&, std::shared_ptr<doris::vectorized::IDataType const> const&, bool) const::'lambda'(doris::FunctionContext*, doris::vectorized::Block&, std::vector<unsigned int, std::allocator<unsigned int>> const&, unsigned int, unsigned long)&, doris::FunctionContext*, doris::vectorized::Block&, std::vector<unsigned int, std::allocator<unsigned int>> const&, unsigned long, unsigned long>, doris::Status>::type std::__invoke_r<doris::Status, doris::vectorized::FunctionCast::prepare_remove_nullable(doris::FunctionContext*, std::shared_ptr<doris::vectorized::IDataType const> const&, std::shared_ptr<doris::vectorized::IDataType const> const&, bool) const::'lambda'(doris::FunctionContext*, doris::vectorized::Block&, std::vector<unsigned int, std::allocator<unsigned int>> const&, unsigned int, unsigned long)&, doris::FunctionContext*, doris::vectorized::Block&, std::vector<unsigned int, std::allocator<unsigned int>> const&, unsigned long, unsigned long>(doris::vectorized::FunctionCast::prepare_remove_nullable(doris::FunctionContext*, std::shared_ptr<doris::vectorized::IDataType const> const&, std::shared_ptr<doris::vectorized::IDataType const> const&, bool) const::'lambda'(doris::FunctionContext*, doris::vectorized::Block&, std::vector<unsigned int, std::allocator<unsigned int>> const&, unsigned int, unsigned long)&, doris::FunctionContext*&&, doris::vectorized::Block&, std::vector<unsigned int, std::allocator<unsigned int>> const&, unsigned long&&, unsigned long&&) /mnt/disk6/common/ldb_toolchain_robin/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/13/../../../../include/c++/13/bits/invoke.h:114:9
    #12 0x5580c88fa641 in std::_Function_handler<doris::Status (doris::FunctionContext*, doris::vectorized::Block&, std::vector<unsigned int, std::allocator<unsigned int>> const&, unsigned long, unsigned long), doris::vectorized::FunctionCast::prepare_remove_nullable(doris::FunctionContext*, std::shared_ptr<doris::vectorized::IDataType const> const&, std::shared_ptr<doris::vectorized::IDataType const> const&, bool) const::'lambda'(doris::FunctionContext*, doris::vectorized::Block&, std::vector<unsigned int, std::allocator<unsigned int>> const&, unsigned int, unsigned long)>::_M_invoke(std::_Any_data const&, doris::FunctionContext*&&, doris::vectorized::Block&, std::vector<unsigned int, std::allocator<unsigned int>> const&, unsigned long&&, unsigned long&&) /mnt/disk6/common/ldb_toolchain_robin/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/13/../../../../include/c++/13/bits/std_function.h:290:9
    #13 0x5580c827ff5c in std::function<doris::Status (doris::FunctionContext*, doris::vectorized::Block&, std::vector<unsigned int, std::allocator<unsigned int>> const&, unsigned long, unsigned long)>::operator()(doris::FunctionContext*, doris::vectorized::Block&, std::vector<unsigned int, std::allocator<unsigned int>> const&, unsigned long, unsigned long) const /mnt/disk6/common/ldb_toolchain_robin/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/13/../../../../include/c++/13/bits/std_function.h:591:9
   

now

mysql> select cast('{"a":1,"b":"1","c":"1","d":"1"}' as struct<a:int, b:int>);
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| cast('{"a":1,"b":"1","c":"1","d":"1"}' as struct<a:int, b:int>) |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| NULL                                                            |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+

Release note

None

Check List (For Author)

• Test

  • Regression test
  • Unit Test
  • Manual test (add detailed scripts or steps below)
  • No need to test or manual test. Explain why:
    • This is a refactor/code format and no logic has been changed.
    • Previous test can cover this change.
    • No code files have been changed.
    • Other reason

• Behavior changed:

  • No.
  • Yes.

• Does this need documentation?

  • No.
  • Yes.

Check List (For Reviewer who merge this PR)

• Confirm the release note
• Confirm test cases
• Confirm document
• Add branch pick label

[hello-stephen]

Thank you for your contribution to Apache Doris.
Don't know what should be done next? See How to process your PR.

Please clearly describe your PR:

1. What problem was fixed (it's best to include specific error reporting information). How it was fixed.
2. Which behaviors were modified. What was the previous behavior, what is it now, why was it modified, and what possible impacts might there be.
3. What features were added. Why was this function added?
4. Which code was refactored and why was this part of the code refactored?
5. Which functions were optimized and what is the difference before and after the optimization?

[Mryange]

run buildall

[doris-robot]

BE UT Coverage Report

Increment line coverage 11.11% (1/9) 🎉

Increment coverage report
Complete coverage report

Category	Coverage
Function Coverage	55.79% (14894/26698)
Line Coverage	44.59% (131798/295586)
Region Coverage	43.64% (66271/151854)
Branch Coverage	38.26% (33963/88762)

[hello-stephen]

BE Regression && UT Coverage Report

Increment line coverage 100.00% (9/9) 🎉

Increment coverage report
Complete coverage report

Category	Coverage
Function Coverage	79.39% (20851/26264)
Line Coverage	72.57% (214447/295522)
Region Coverage	70.72% (126140/178359)
Branch Coverage	64.49% (65370/101372)

[Mryange]

run buildall

[doris-robot]

TPC-H: Total hot run time: 33600 ms

machine: 'aliyun_ecs.c7a.8xlarge_32C64G'
scripts: https://github.com/apache/doris/tree/master/tools/tpch-tools
Tpch sf100 test result on commit 5c8c5e6cece315219938636f1cfdc7997e5b3c77, data reload: false

------ Round 1 ----------------------------------
q1	26289	5067	4971	4971
q2	2078	275	184	184
q3	10601	1260	699	699
q4	10282	1020	546	546
q5	8533	2365	2313	2313
q6	182	160	130	130
q7	905	742	596	596
q8	9309	1290	1040	1040
q9	6877	5031	5000	5000
q10	6808	2317	1891	1891
q11	484	292	276	276
q12	344	346	209	209
q13	17766	3674	3083	3083
q14	234	226	214	214
q15	537	481	491	481
q16	420	432	371	371
q17	595	834	373	373
q18	7741	7297	7130	7130
q19	1484	957	550	550
q20	330	330	216	216
q21	3999	2584	2338	2338
q22	1039	997	989	989
Total cold run time: 116837 ms
Total hot run time: 33600 ms

----- Round 2, with runtime_filter_mode=off -----
q1	5068	5398	5051	5051
q2	242	318	231	231
q3	2182	2669	2310	2310
q4	1383	1858	1452	1452
q5	4583	4456	4439	4439
q6	213	169	125	125
q7	1984	1875	1758	1758
q8	2589	2463	2593	2463
q9	7120	7095	7169	7095
q10	3055	3190	2712	2712
q11	584	517	502	502
q12	712	809	606	606
q13	3451	3924	3337	3337
q14	273	281	267	267
q15	517	489	473	473
q16	437	510	457	457
q17	1133	1478	1393	1393
q18	7586	7535	7423	7423
q19	776	788	888	788
q20	1987	1961	1874	1874
q21	4702	4332	4373	4332
q22	1036	1016	984	984
Total cold run time: 51613 ms
Total hot run time: 50072 ms

[doris-robot]

TPC-DS: Total hot run time: 185684 ms

machine: 'aliyun_ecs.c7a.8xlarge_32C64G'
scripts: https://github.com/apache/doris/tree/master/tools/tpcds-tools
TPC-DS sf100 test result on commit 5c8c5e6cece315219938636f1cfdc7997e5b3c77, data reload: false

query1	991	457	482	457
query2	6554	1838	1840	1838
query3	6754	223	216	216
query4	26170	23704	23494	23494
query5	4330	611	457	457
query6	292	209	181	181
query7	4616	496	295	295
query8	322	254	244	244
query9	8608	2609	2594	2594
query10	490	338	274	274
query11	15512	15182	14804	14804
query12	159	113	105	105
query13	1667	519	413	413
query14	9283	6263	6138	6138
query15	200	192	174	174
query16	7288	640	463	463
query17	1167	741	552	552
query18	1957	392	287	287
query19	182	178	186	178
query20	126	117	117	117
query21	214	124	105	105
query22	4088	4201	3878	3878
query23	34211	33122	33020	33020
query24	8423	2357	2361	2357
query25	524	450	390	390
query26	1235	266	157	157
query27	2754	494	336	336
query28	4300	2093	2078	2078
query29	749	560	434	434
query30	281	217	182	182
query31	943	855	718	718
query32	77	72	61	61
query33	572	361	317	317
query34	824	854	526	526
query35	786	799	728	728
query36	937	1004	883	883
query37	111	99	75	75
query38	4123	4204	4100	4100
query39	1473	1410	1403	1403
query40	203	121	131	121
query41	58	55	52	52
query42	125	118	106	106
query43	518	499	475	475
query44	1289	811	805	805
query45	181	179	166	166
query46	835	1015	634	634
query47	1758	1793	1701	1701
query48	402	407	308	308
query49	778	492	438	438
query50	644	670	404	404
query51	4199	4194	4077	4077
query52	109	103	97	97
query53	228	250	187	187
query54	571	567	493	493
query55	85	84	89	84
query56	309	316	309	309
query57	1153	1166	1114	1114
query58	260	253	245	245
query59	2554	2622	2514	2514
query60	332	309	303	303
query61	152	145	150	145
query62	799	741	678	678
query63	231	188	190	188
query64	4437	1096	761	761
query65	4350	4255	4232	4232
query66	1156	484	310	310
query67	15720	15601	15349	15349
query68	8573	870	510	510
query69	468	303	269	269
query70	1217	1068	1089	1068
query71	446	316	300	300
query72	5584	4809	4807	4807
query73	732	649	342	342
query74	8871	8946	8825	8825
query75	4023	3196	2695	2695
query76	3691	1177	742	742
query77	790	362	289	289
query78	10077	10244	9357	9357
query79	1889	912	575	575
query80	593	516	455	455
query81	468	256	226	226
query82	436	130	98	98
query83	250	256	236	236
query84	246	98	86	86
query85	777	356	307	307
query86	331	296	293	293
query87	4412	4492	4321	4321
query88	3464	2270	2253	2253
query89	385	315	288	288
query90	1932	212	217	212
query91	143	142	114	114
query92	73	62	54	54
query93	1178	951	580	580
query94	667	400	305	305
query95	377	293	285	285
query96	495	558	332	332
query97	2721	2745	2647	2647
query98	233	212	202	202
query99	1512	1420	1286	1286
Total cold run time: 273783 ms
Total hot run time: 185684 ms

[doris-robot]

ClickBench: Total hot run time: 29.28 s

machine: 'aliyun_ecs.c7a.8xlarge_32C64G'
scripts: https://github.com/apache/doris/tree/master/tools/clickbench-tools
ClickBench test result on commit 5c8c5e6cece315219938636f1cfdc7997e5b3c77, data reload: false

query1	0.04	0.04	0.03
query2	0.13	0.10	0.11
query3	0.25	0.20	0.19
query4	1.60	0.19	0.11
query5	0.44	0.42	0.41
query6	1.17	0.66	0.67
query7	0.03	0.02	0.01
query8	0.04	0.04	0.04
query9	0.58	0.52	0.50
query10	0.59	0.58	0.55
query11	0.16	0.11	0.11
query12	0.15	0.10	0.12
query13	0.61	0.60	0.59
query14	0.78	0.80	0.80
query15	0.88	0.86	0.84
query16	0.39	0.38	0.37
query17	1.05	1.03	1.04
query18	0.22	0.21	0.21
query19	1.90	1.87	1.89
query20	0.02	0.01	0.01
query21	15.40	0.93	0.56
query22	0.75	1.22	0.88
query23	14.69	1.41	0.65
query24	6.76	1.74	0.89
query25	0.49	0.26	0.06
query26	0.59	0.16	0.13
query27	0.05	0.05	0.05
query28	9.64	0.94	0.44
query29	12.57	3.96	3.34
query30	0.25	0.09	0.07
query31	2.82	0.59	0.39
query32	3.23	0.55	0.47
query33	3.04	3.03	3.06
query34	15.73	5.10	4.50
query35	4.47	4.49	4.50
query36	0.66	0.50	0.48
query37	0.09	0.06	0.07
query38	0.05	0.04	0.04
query39	0.03	0.03	0.02
query40	0.17	0.15	0.13
query41	0.08	0.03	0.02
query42	0.03	0.02	0.02
query43	0.04	0.03	0.03
Total cold run time: 102.66 s
Total hot run time: 29.28 s

[hello-stephen]

BE UT Coverage Report

Increment line coverage 11.11% (1/9) 🎉

Increment coverage report
Complete coverage report

Category	Coverage
Function Coverage	55.83% (14873/26639)
Line Coverage	44.64% (131812/295309)
Region Coverage	43.69% (66265/151675)
Branch Coverage	38.30% (33955/88652)

[hello-stephen]

BE Regression && UT Coverage Report

Increment line coverage 100.00% (9/9) 🎉

Increment coverage report
Complete coverage report

Category	Coverage
Function Coverage	79.43% (20821/26214)
Line Coverage	72.33% (213099/294634)
Region Coverage	70.36% (125117/177814)
Branch Coverage	64.18% (64835/101018)

[hello-stephen]

BE Regression && UT Coverage Report

Increment line coverage 100.00% (9/9) 🎉

Increment coverage report
Complete coverage report

Category	Coverage
Function Coverage	79.43% (20821/26214)
Line Coverage	72.33% (213099/294634)
Region Coverage	70.36% (125117/177814)
Branch Coverage	64.18% (64835/101018)

[hello-stephen]

BE Regression && UT Coverage Report

Increment line coverage 100.00% (9/9) 🎉

Increment coverage report
Complete coverage report

Category	Coverage
Function Coverage	79.54% (20860/26225)
Line Coverage	72.73% (214798/295319)
Region Coverage	70.90% (126367/178221)
Branch Coverage	64.70% (65528/101276)

[github-actions]

PR approved by at least one committer and no changes requested.

[github-actions]

PR approved by anyone and no changes requested.