Fix clang tool downloads

[BruceForstall]

1. Make downloading more robust by failing the download script if there is a download error.
2. Map macOS and Ubuntu RIDs to RIDs that we know have versions to download. This same logic is in the dotnet/jitutils bootstrap.sh script. We don't want to upload versions for every RID since they are all compatible. This makes the script robust to people running on new releases.
3. Add more logging.

Fixes #84780

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Issue Details

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1. Make downloading more robust by failing the download script if there is a download error.
2. Map macOS and Ubuntu RIDs to RIDs that we know have versions to download. This same logic is in the dotnet/jitutils bootstrap.sh script. We don't want to upload versions for every RID since they are all compatible. This makes the script robust to people running on new releases.
3. Add more logging.

Fixes #84780

Author:	BruceForstall
Assignees:	-
Labels:	area-Infrastructure-libraries
Milestone:	-

[BruceForstall]

@kunalspathak PTAL
cc @dotnet/jit-contrib

[jkoritzinsky]

It shouldn't be part of this PR, but can we file an issue to update the Clang tools to be the same version as the official compilers we have on our build images? Right now we're still using clang-format and clang-lint from 3.9, which is significantly out of date compared to our default build tools (clang 9 moving to 12 or 14).

[SingleAccretion]

#59545

[BruceForstall]

The formatting jobs were skipped since this change doesn't include a JIT change. I'm going to merge it anyway (since there's an active CI break) and will test/watch it once merged.

[BruceForstall]

Apparently I can't merge (prior to CI jobs running/passing?)

with a message:

Required statuses must pass before merging
All required [statuses](https://docs.github.com/rest/commits/statuses) and check runs on this pull request must run successfully to enable automatic merging.

Is this a recent change? @jkotas @agocke ?

[jakobbotsch]

@BruceForstall Might be the license/cla check that seems to be stuck?

[BruceForstall]

Guess I'll try close/reopen to see if that fixes the license bot.

[jkoritzinsky]

#59545

I honestly forgot we had already opened an issue on that.

[BruceForstall]

Well, this didn't work because the RID changed to linux-x64.

[BruceForstall]

But at least the failure was more explicit

[BruceForstall]

I created a new Azure Storage location with the 'linux-x64' RID and copied the existing ubuntu-18.04-x64 binaries into it.