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[personal profile] loran_arameri
This is entry number three in the series of resources about Bucky in the 616 comic universe.

In this one, I want to point out some differences I see between the MCU and Bucky’s comics origins (as shown in Brubaker’s 2004 Captain America run). If you have been familiar with the movies before the comics as a lot of people have (me included), some of it settles as the default in your mind. If you switch to comics, those defaults aren’t always the same, and this should serve as a reminder or a jumping-off point for those differences to the 616 universe.


The first difference (and, I imagine, for many the one they might be sad to let go of) is that Steve and Bucky have no prior history before they become partners. The army decides for Steve that he should have a teenage sidekick and pick Bucky for him. Steve sees him for the first time after Bucky has already been trained for that role.
No best friends since childhood and no angst about who goes to war and who doesn’t. They’ve both already been on missions when they meet.


Four comic panels in black and white, laid out in a two by two grid showing the first meeting of Bucky and Steve.

That also means that Bucky only gets to know Steve after Project Rebirth when he’s already Captain America. So he didn’t know pre-serum Steve. (Sidenote: “Small Steve” isn’t really a thing in 616. Steve is mostly depicted as lanky pre-serum.)
As pointed out in the facts post, Bucky at that time is sixteen and an orphan. Steve is twenty. There is an age difference between them that is either three or four years. (I would assume it to be four years, but it’s not explicitly stated.) Their dynamic in Brubaker’s run isn’t quite that hero and kid-sidekick thing from golden age comics, but their ages do play a role in their friendship.


A comic panel in black and white showing young Bucky and Steve at a cinema. Bucky is happy about the people's reaction to the newsreel about them, but Steve reminds him of the men they lost on that particular day.

Age differences after Steve’s stay in the ice and Bucky’s time as the Winter Soldier are wonky of course. There is a calculation by SHIELD how much the Winter Soldier aged between different sightings. We can therefore estimate that Bucky is thirty-ish when he returns, but for Steve, such a calculation is more difficult due to the weirdness of comic timelines. (If you're not familiar with how the comic timeline works, please ask. It’s such a fun topic because it’s so weird. XD )
They’re on much more equal footing due to their age in current comics though, and that is reflected in their friendship.

Steve and Bucky, both dressed as Captain America, talking alternately, being very much in synch.

Steve and Bucky are not directly linked to the Howling Commandos but are part of the Invaders. The Invaders originally consisted of them, Namor the Submariner, Human Torch (Jim Hammond, not in any way related to the other Human torch), and his sidekick Toro with similar abilities. Later they were joined by the British superheroes Union Jack and Spitfire.

Cover of an old Invaders comic, showing Cap, Namor, Human Torch, Toro and Union Jack.

The Howling Commandos do appear in the comics and are Nick Fury’s Team in my understanding. (I have not actually read any comics with them.) They do team up with Steve and Bucky during the war for some missions, but it is not an established team as in the movies.

The way in which Bucky (presumably) dies and ends up as the Winter Soldier is also quite different. Both Bucky and Steve disappear over the English Channel when they try to stop a drone plane heading for the US. Steve falls and sees the plane explode while Bucky can’t let go because the arm of his uniform is caught on it. (Because of his injuries, the doctors working on Bucky later assume that he must have leaped off at the last moment.)

Four horizontal panels from a comic, showing Bucky stuck to the drone plane, Steve falling away from it, and the drone exploding.

Bucky of course doesn’t die in the incident and gets found by Colonel Karpov who was hoping to find Steve. (Karpov interacted with Steve and Bucky during a joint mission between the Invaders and the USSR army.) When Bucky gets found, his left arm is gone, and he already has amnesia. The arm has been very likely blown off during the explosion; the amnesia might be either due to the explosion or the drowning in ice-cold water.
So, no one had experimented on Bucky prior to finding him after the accident. It was a chance encounter. They made use of his amnesia but did not suppress his memories.
There is a mental reimplementation procedure that makes him controllable and loyal. No control words, though. (See facts post)


A black and white comic panel, showing Bucky, passed out and his left arm gone, laying on a metal table surrounded by three men looking at him.

Bucky is captured and turned into the Winter Soldier by the USSR. The Winter Soldier project is carried out by the Department X Program of the KGB. There is no connection to Hydra (or SHIELD for that matter).
Karpov seems to be in charge of everything that happens to him until he dies in 1988. After the end of the USSR, the Winter Soldier gets into the hands of Lukin (as was Karpov’s will) and is not part of an official organization.
The closest there is to Pierce from the movie is Lukin in his role as the person who controls the Winter Soldier and uses him for his evil purposes. He also has a public persona as the CEO of a global corporation and uses the power of that role to make himself untouchable. He’s not in any way as charismatic as Pierce is, and it’s very obvious that he’s a shady figure for anyone who cares to look.


Two panels from a comic. Lukin grins at Captain America who looks angry and ready to attack.

The main purpose of the Winter Soldier is to work undercover in the US and other parts of the world and not be identifiable as a KGB agent. He is out in the world appearing like a normal US citizen and carrying out assassin tasks in almost plain sight.
He is not the quiet asset that we see in the MCU. He’s a very skilled assassin, competent in various forms of fighting, but he’s more autonomous. He seems more like an actual agent on the outside than the tightly controlled MCU Winter Soldier. It’s not easy to see that there has been any mental manipulation outside of the breaks he experiences. He’s also surprisingly snarky for a brainwashed assassin.



Two panels from a comic showing Sharon with drawn guns, being surprised by Bucky's attack and knocked unconscious. Bucky gives a snarky remark about her opening the wrong door before.

Apropos skilled assassin: Bucky’s body is in no way augmented beyond the metal arm at this point in canon. His fighting skills stem back to his innate talent and the training he received before working with Steve. He’s just naturally that good!
So good actually that Karpov thought he’d also received some version of the super soldier serum when he saw him fight during that joint mission. That’s why he brought him back to Russia after finding him in the Channel. There the doctors found that he never received the serum.
(Later in the comics he does receive something called the infinity formula that does change his body to some degree. So enhancement or no depends on the point in canon.)


A black and white comic panel. Young Bucky throws a man larger than him during a sparring match and someone comments off-panel about his fighting prowess.

Steve’s reaction to learning that Bucky hasn’t died and is now an internationally wanted assassin who recently killed a large number of civilians on American soil (see summary) is very similar to the MCU. He’s very sure that Bucky is not doing it of his own accord, he’s convinced that he needs to save him, and he feels incredibly guilty.
Bucky’s reaction to Steve appealing to him to remember his old life is murder.
There are some signs that Bucky does remember something in the Winter Soldier Project files that Steve reads at one point as well as in his confrontation with Steve, and there is exactly one panel where we see him hesitating for a moment before trying to shoot Steve. Apart from that, there is no second-guessing when it comes to killing Steve. He does try several times, and even Sharon is not convinced that Steve won’t just stand there like an idiot appealing to Bucky’s memories while getting shot.


A comic panel of Bucky shooting at Steve who is standing still while Sharon and Sam rush in.

(Steve does dodge at the last moment though.)

We get some information on what Bucky remembers from the Winter Soldier Project files. They state that he became uncontrollable and aggressive from time to time, and in one instance, disappeared for days and returned to New York. He also grows quite irritated when Steve asks him if he’s not more than the Winter Soldier.
Whatever memories are there seem to not be available to him on a conscious level though, rather they seem to cause agony that he can’t place and is unable to resolve. For instance, he couldn’t explain why he went to New York when he disappeared, and he shakes off the short moment of not wanting to shoot Steve without external influence.


Buck and Steve fight with Bucky being visible agitated.

Bucky only gets his memories back and stops being under Lukin’s control when Steve uses the Cosmic Cube (a comic thingy that magically fulfills wishes) on him. It’s not gradual; there is no slow progress where he remembers more and more. He gets everything back from one second to the other. And yes, it’s traumatic for him.

Steve uses the cosmic cube to bring Bucky's memories back and in the next image Bucky holds his head seemingly in pain, screaming.

Image

After so many things that are different, I want to mention one thing that the MCU picked right from the comic.
We do get the “Who the hell is Bucky?” moment, and it’s sooooo good.


A four-panel strip with Steve squinting saying Bucky's name and Bucky not recognizing it.

Circumstances are a bit different though, as Bucky just set off a bomb killing a large number of civilians with Steve close by. It doesn’t come to a direct confrontation, and Steve doesn’t even see him at that point. Bucky sees him when he arrives at the scene and asks for permission to shoot him as “he’s going to be a problem”. (Great tactical analysis skills or subconscious memory? You decide!). However, Lukin tells him to not take the shot.
While searching and rescuing survivors, Steve encounters an AIM unit and fights them. One of their androids manages to stab him, giving another one an opening to shoot Steve in the back. It gets shot down by the Winter Soldier, and it comes to the scene above.
(Technically Bucky saved Steve, but there is some plausible deniability as a) the Winter Soldier has been acting against AIM for the whole run and b) Lukin told him that Steve was not supposed to die that day, so he wasn’t going rogue. It’s a very pleasant bit of ambiguity there.)
Afterward, Steve manages to convince himself that he was mistaken as he has had hallucinations for some time now, and they usually involved Bucky, and also the reality seems too terrifying to accept. Only Sharon’s and Fury’s insistence that it was Bucky and further proof they have gathered lead to him accepting what he saw.





If you have read this far, you may have noticed that I didn’t include any comments on Bucky’s character and the differences there. I hope to have something for that soon too, but that is of course a far larger topic. (With me still catching up on the comics and possibly new MCU stuff coming out it might turn into an ongoing thing anyway.)

At the end here I want to comment on a more general thing in regards to comics and especially the 616 universe.
The Bucky described here is based on what we learn from the Brubaker run (which started in 2005 and ended in 2009, covering Bucky’s return, as well as Civil War and Secret Invasion). Bucky had 63 years of comic history before that (of which he was dead 40 years) and 13 years since then. He has been written by many different people who all bring their own ideas and interpretations to the table. Also, the expectations of readers and authors towards characters have changed through the decades.
So any of the points above might be different in different runs. Retcons are a thing. People might prefer the kid sidekick from the golden age comics because it was the characterization that was referenced for forty years, and it’s what they grew up with.
So take all this with a grain of salt, and if you’re really interested in what is going on with Bucky in the comics, start reading. It’s fun (and you will have soooo much more canon to lose your mind over.)


Thanks go to Hundredthousands and PinkRambo for feedback on this post.
If you have any questions, please comment or reach out to me by other means. I love to talk comics.

Date: 2022-08-10 03:24 am (UTC)
acorn_squash: an acorn (Default)
From: [personal profile] acorn_squash
MCU fan here - the only Marvel comics I've read more than an issue or two of is Ryan North's run of Squirrel Girl.

This is fascinating. It's strange to see that comics!Winter Soldier didn't receive a serum during his time as a villain, while comics!Black Widow did - the opposite of the MCU. The amnesia differences are interesting, too.

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