BP International is an international publishing organization that publishes textbooks, atlases, monographs, e-books, reference books in scientific, technical, and medical areas. As an innovative publisher, BP International is helping to move science forward. BP International is passionate about working with the global academic community to promote best scholarly research to the world. With the help of academic Editors, based in institutions around the globe, BP International is able to focus on serving authors while preserving robust publishing standards and editorial integrity.

Journals

  • Current Overview on Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of pharmaceutical science. The contributions by the authors include pharmacokinetics, spray drying, polymers, bioavailability, Alzheimer's disease, acetyl cholinesterase level, neurodegenerative disease, folk medicine, phytoconstituents, flavonoid, dysentery, pharmacological experiment, COVID-19, alternative medicine systems, vitiligo, pathophysiology, pharmaceutical ingredients, medication, UV spectroscopy, hypertension, antidiabetic activity, antioxidants, ayurveda, steviol glycosides, biosynthesis, non caloric sweeteners, micro propagation, photochemical. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of pharmaceutical science.

  • Pharmaceutical Science: New Insights and Developments Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of pharmaceutical science. The contributions by the authors include orotransmucosal drug delivery, mucosal adhesion, hospital pharmacist, antimicrobial resistance, personal protective equipment, blood-brain barrier, brain microvascular endothelial cells, solid lipid nanoparticles, receptor-mediated transport, hydrin rubber, pressure sensitive adhesive, Andrographis paniculata, immunomodulation, metformin, urinary excretion, bioequivalence, molecular docking, chalcone derivatives, Phyllanthus emblica, Eucalyptus globulus, oral pathogens, dental caries, bacterial-resistant antibiotics, photoactivated curcumin, intravenous dose infusion. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of pharmaceutical science.

  • Research Highlights in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of agricultural sciences. The contributions by the authors include adaptability, primitive vessel characteristics, gymnosperms, glyptostroboides, leaf miner monitoring, herbaceous perennial plant, potato production, transmitting diseases, quarantine pests, fertility capability, soil quality, soil classification, Food production, sustainable production of crops, carotenoid, nutritional value, Green Leafy Vegetables, Tamarind seed polysaccharide, seed germination, soil microorganisms, post-harvest technologies, nematicidal activity, plant-parasitic nematodes, chilli production, food insecurity, ecological system, greenhouse gasses. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of agricultural sciences.

  • The Power within: Unveiling the Psychology of Women

    It is more important than ever to comprehend the depth and complexity of the female mind in a world where women still face particular psychological, social, and emotional difficulties. A current and perceptive examination of the inner forces that mould women's identities, enable their decisions, and fuel their resilience in a variety of life domains, The Power Within: Unveiling the Psychology of Women stands out.

    This book is a celebration of women's enduring spirit, emotional intelligence, and silent power rather than just an academic investigation. It explores the complex facets of women's inner lives using an integrative lens that blends literary analysis, psychological theory, and real-world case studies. Important topics covered in each of the seven chapters range from the impact of feminism and mental health recovery to resilience, self-worth, and emotional intelligence. This study is enhanced by a special focus on Shashi Deshpande's That Long Silence, which shows how fiction both influences and reflects actual psychological landscapes.

    Making psychological concepts understandable, significant, and empowering is our goal. Through the integration of academic knowledge with personal experience, this book encourages readers to comprehend and value the complex psychological composition of women. This book provides direction, introspection, and inspiration for anyone looking to connect with the female experience more deeply, be they are a student, scholar, mental health professional, or just someone else.

    May this book be a lighthouse of comprehension, compassion, and strength as we set out on this voyage into the halls of the feminine psyche.

  • Techniques and Innovation in Engineering Research and Technology Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of Engineering Research and Technology. The contributions by the authors include structural adhesive, bulk specimens, thick adherend shear test, fracture toughness, adhesive joint, cohesive zone models, inverse method, parameter identification, genetic algorithm, crossover probability, bi-criteria objective, scheduling, parallel machines, composites, fracture, r-curve, toughness, crack opening displacement, available transfer capability, generator participation factor, network congestion, power transfer distribution factor, epoxy resin, thermal conductivity, sisal fibres, polymeric composites, privacy preserving data mining, association rule hiding, data sanitization, sensitive rules, and integer linear programming. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Engineering Research and Technology.

  • Chemistry and Biochemistry: Research Progress Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of chemistry and biochemistry. The contributions by the authors include biomass waste, palm kernel seed oil, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, blood stain, electrophoresis property, washing chemistry factors, quinolones, therapeutic activity, antimycobacterial activity, secondary metabolites, kernel oils, edible oil, tryptanthrin, anti-inflammatory agents, mostotrin, quinazolinone alkaloid, reactive oxygen species, curcumin, curcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, chalcone synthase catalyses, flavonoid supplements, phenylpropanoid pathway, chalcone synthase pathway, buffer solution, Brunauer-Emmet-Teller analysis, co-doping, X-Ray diffractometer, collagen supplements, antiaging supplement. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of chemistry and biochemistry.

  • The Toxicity Processes of Environmental Pollutants

    I appreciate all the motivation from my parents, teachers, and mentors. Thanks to the environment, wildlife, and my students and coworkers. that served as inspiration for writing this book.

  • The Geography of Crime: Exploring Spatial Distribution and Environmental Criminology

    The phenomenon of crime is deeply embedded in the social and spatial fabric of human societies. Crime is not merely an outcome of individual deviance; it is a spatial, social, and structural feature shaped by a multitude of environmental and socio-economic factors. The growing interest in spatial justice, urban safety, and evidence-based crime prevention underscores the need for an interdisciplinary approach to understanding criminal behaviour. This book, The Geography of Crime: Exploring Spatial Distribution and Environmental Criminology, emerges from that need, offering a comprehensive framework for exploring the spatial dimensions of crime and its relevance to both academic inquiry and practical interventions.

    Designed to serve as a vital resource for students, scholars, urban planners, law enforcement professionals, NGOs, and policymakers, this volume blends theoretical insights with methodological tools such as crime mapping, spatial analysis, and Geographic Information System (GIS). Drawing on a wide array of global case studies and with a special focus on the Indian context, it examines how urbanisation, poverty, inequality, and physical design influence crime patterns and public safety.

    This book places particular emphasis on justice-oriented spatial planning, encouraging readers to consider how cities can be reimagined through inclusive design, community participation, and strategic intervention. It highlights the significance of identifying crime hotspots, understanding the role of environmental design in crime prevention, and developing localised responses rooted in both data and community realities.

    For the academic community, this work provides a solid foundation in crime geography theories such as environmental criminology, routine activity theory, and social disorganisation theory, supported by up-to-date literature and empirical examples. For decision-makers and development stakeholders, it offers actionable knowledge to inform urban governance, safety audits, policy design, and social interventions.

    As we confront 21st-century challenges—from cybercrime and environmental offences to gender-based violence and organised crime—this book aims to foster critical thinking, collaborative problem-solving, and spatially informed policy innovations.

    In offering this work, it is our hope that it will not only serve as a scholarly contribution to the field of crime studies but also as a practical guide for building safer, fairer, and more resilient communities across geographic and cultural boundaries.

  • Novel Perspectives of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences. The contributions by the authors include nanotechnology, cellulose modification, filtration, surface flocculation, sorption, waste of polymer materials, ecology,  road oil bitumen, polymer-bitumen composition, polymer asphalt concrete mixture, tsunami inversion method, chile earthquake, grid-shifting method, climate change, rainfall variability, rainfall trend, ecological balance, rural litigation, atmosphere, renewable resources, employment, vegetation and wildlife, sustainable development, water sustainability, community participation, and water cycle. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences.

  • Essentials of Endodontic Gadgets: Tools for the Modern Practitioner

    The evolution of endodontics has been profoundly influenced by technological advancement, transforming what was once a tactile and experience-based art into a precise, evidence-driven science. From the development of rotary instruments and apex locators to the integration of CBCT, 3D printing, and artificial intelligence, modern endodontics stands at the crossroads of biology and technology. This transformation has not only improved the predictability and success of treatment but also redefined how we educate future clinicians and deliver care to patients. Gadgets in Endodontics: A Comprehensive Clinical Companion was born out of a desire to bridge the knowledge gap between conventional endodontic education and the fast-evolving world of digital tools, smart devices, and advanced instrumentation. Designed with students, postgraduates, and practising clinicians in mind, this book offers a structured and illustrative journey through the various gadgets that enhance visualisation, diagnosis, disinfection, shaping, obturation, and surgical interventions in root canal therapy.

    Each chapter is curated to provide conceptual understanding, clinical applications, device comparisons, and evidence-based references. By including both foundational tools and futuristic innovations such as AI-assisted endo motors and 3D-printed guides, the book aims to provide a holistic reference that is not only academically rigorous but also clinically relevant.

    I hope this book serves as a catalyst for students and clinicians alike to embrace technology, question tradition, and push the boundaries of what’s possible in endodontic practice.

    As we delve deeper into the world of endodontic gadgets, it becomes evident that technology is no longer a supplement to clinical expertise—it is an extension of it. While tactile sensitivity and clinical acumen remain irreplaceable, the gadgets covered in this book empower clinicians to reach levels of accuracy, efficiency, and safety that were once unimaginable. From rotary systems that reduce operator fatigue to apex locators that eliminate radiographic guesswork, the integration of these tools represents a paradigm shift in how we diagnose, plan, and execute endodontic therapy.

    The journey of compiling this work has been as enriching as it has been challenging. It required balancing the precision of scientific literature with the practicality of everyday clinical use. Throughout the book, you will find evidence-based insights, simplified explanations for complex technologies, and real-world applications—all curated to suit a learner’s mindset and a clinician’s needs. This text strives to demystify technology for the student, provide clarity for the general practitioner, and stimulate curiosity in the researcher.

    I remain deeply grateful to my parents, mentors, educators, and colleagues whose insights and encouragement helped shape this work. Special thanks go to the institutions that foster innovation in dental technology and to the students whose questions continue to inspire deeper inquiry. It is my hope that this book not only serves as a valuable academic resource but also encourages the responsible, informed use of technology in endodontics, anchored always in ethics, evidence, and empathy.

  • Research Advances in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of Microbiology and Biotechnology. The contributions by the authors include body fluids, beta-lactamase, infection control, liver disease, gastrointestinal helminthes, nanoparticle, bacterial pathogenicity, infectious diseases, prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, immuno-electron tomography, integrin clustering, limiting membrane rupturing, echovirus host-entry, 3D multivesicular compartments, endosomal uncoating, intraluminal vesicles, caveolar domains, retinoblastoma like protein 2, human papillomavirus infection, oncoprotein, cervical cancer, histopathology, pathogenic microorganisms, T cell immunity, mucosal immunity, respiratory viral vaccine, human filariasis, microfilaria, knott technique, dirofilaria, gene regulatory network inference, and gene expression. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Microbiology and Biotechnology.

  • Current Research on Geography, Earth Science and Environment Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of geography, earth science and environment. The contributions by the authors include flood management, community development committees, mitigation measures, charnockites, xenoliths, dolerite veins, gem-rich pegmatite, classification and regression trees, land degradation, soil erosion, coastal salinity, man-made lakes, land use, sedimentation phenomena, lithium-bearing, volcanogenic, Siberian platform, quaternary sediments, volcanogenic massive sulfide, quaternary sediments, volcanogenic massive sulfide, aerated lagoon, wastewater treatment plant, environmental pollution, bacteriological parameters, lagoon, water quality, freshwater lakes, correlation matrix, Futala lake, environmental degradation.  This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of geography, earth science and environment.

  • Current Overview on Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of Pharmaceutical Science. The contributions by the authors include mineral-herb preparations, ayurveda, chinese ethnomedicines,   safety evaluation, microbial limit test, pesticide residue, toxicity, spectrophotometry, tablet dosage form, infertility, in silico analysis, polycystic ovary syndrome, anti-inflammatory drug, bootstrapping techniques, controlled release, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, anti-inflammatory activity, prodrug technique, steroidal drugs, pharmacokinetic profile, adverse effects, pharmacological activities, natural compounds, diabetes, medicinal plants, phenolic compounds, antiradical activity, antiproliferative agents, 1,2,4-oxadiazoles, floating microspheres, gastric emptying, and solvent evaporation. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  Pharmaceutical Science.

  • An Overview of Disease and Health Research Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of disease and health. The contributions by the authors include melatonin therapy, reactive oxygen species, pancreatic pathogenesis, melatonin, environmental theory, pulmonary tuberculosis, smoked fish industry, Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever, zoonotic infection, tick infection, erbium laser therapy, onychomycosis, disease management, healthcare data, disease management, personalised medicine, mycotic aneurysm, Salmonella enteritidis infection, traditional medicine, metabolic syndrome, alternative medicine, contingency tables, bone mineral density, hormone replacement therapy, perimenopausal, cyclic mastalgia, cognitive behavioral therapy, luteal phase, milk proteins, peptides, zoonotic viruses, immune system, massage therapy, patient outcomes, psychological, pain, anorectal melanoma, rectal bleeding, self-expanding metallic stents, immunohistochemical, anal canal, acute compartment syndrome, metacarpal fractures, breast carcinoma, onco-physiotherapy, fibromyalgia, mammography.  This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of disease and health.

  • Advances in Treating Chronic Disease

    This book belongs to the medical and medical sciences fields. The authors wanted to publish the achievements made in treating certain chronic diseases. Authors' contributions include infertility due to azoospermia, uterine fibroids and pregnancy, strengthening antibodies in COVID-19 patients with immunodeficiency, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. These achievements can be applied to the treatment of some other chronic diseases such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV, AIDS, and some other cancers at an early stage. This book contains many useful, authentic materials and information for students, researchers, and scholars in the medical and medical sciences fields.

  • STRESS PHYSIOLOGY AND STRESS MANAGEMENT (Stress, Environmental Stress, Stress Resistance & Significant Role of Body Exercise, Meditation and Yoga on Stress Physiology)

    This book will be a thread of awareness for students, researchers and the common man, also through scientific approaches on physiological and metabolic complications of stress and how to manage stress by some changes in our daily lifestyle. The book has nine chapters that focus on the stress physiology, basic concept of environmental stress, endothermic and physiological mechanism of regulation of body temperature, responses to oxygen deficient stress, physiological response of body exercise, types and remarkable effects of yoga in stress, significant role of stress hormones and various case studies on stress and uses herbal medicine that reduces stress.

    At present, stress is a major problem. Mostly adults, senior citizens even young children are not an exception. Today it’s essential to understand the physiology of stress and how we can decrease the harmful effects of stress through body exercise, meditation and yoga. 

    The book offers understanding about environmental, geographical, social, economic conditions related to human beings and other living organisms.  The last chapters talk about how to decrease the intensity and side effects of stress on physical and mental health by slight changes in lifestyle.

    This book will highlight established research, technical works on stress physiology, acclimation, adaptations, environmental issues and moves to their rapidly emerging aspects and then discusses future research directions. This book will provide academia, a high-tech start-up that will revolutionise the stress.

    The author tries to design a book for students, scientists, college and university professors, research professionals, academic and research libraries. The book will be intended for a very broad audience working in the fields of science, medicine and the environment, etc. This book will be an invaluable reference source for the libraries in universities and industrial institutions, government and independent institutes, individual research groups and scientists working in the field of physical and mental health. Suggestions for the improvement of this book are not only welcome but will be greatly appreciated.

  • Newest Updates in Agriculture and Veterinary Science Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of Agriculture and Veterinary Science. The contributions by the authors include tick-borne pathogens, DNA sequencing, hemotropic parasites, mycoplasma species, hemoplasma infections, vector-borne diseases, flea allergy dermatitis, therapeutic management, fipronil, quail farming, poultry farming, amino acids profile, flamboyant seeds, cooking time, bee foraging activity, Indian honey bee, honey yield, honey comb build up, pollination, diet selection of leopards, and feeding behaviour. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Agriculture and Veterinary Science.

  • Research Perspective on Biological Science Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of biological science. The contributions by the authors include antimicrobial resistance, Escherichia coli, dahlia tuber extract, antibiotic growth promoters, high-density lipoprotein, mosquito breeding, thin-layer chromatography, ninhydrine positive substances, fish mortalities, Ganoderma boninense, pathogenic fungus, effector-triggered immunity, glomerular degeneration, lixisenatide, diabetes mellitus, resonance scanning, stress management, adaptive neurostimulation, vaginal microflora, menstrual cycle, bird pellets, seed dispersal, environmental contamination, disease vector, thermotolerance, heat shock proteins, heat stress, Tharparkar cattle. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of biological science.

  • Sociology of Environment

    Humans are increasingly involved in altering and disrupting the structure and function of the environment; That's why there are so few spots on earth today that remain untouched and natural. On the other hand, such environmental consequences may in the future and in the future also affect human decisions and behavior, although so far different models for keeping the environment healthy have been proposed by many scientists in various fields. In the present work, the contexts and concepts of social sciences in its general meaning, and sociology in its specific meaning have been used to move towards the environment and environmental health; It is hoped that not only present generations will enjoy a healthy environment, but that future generations will also enjoy healthy and uplifting environmental systems.

    Although the economic development of societies is their main goal today, it has a profound effect on the environment; Like what we see today in the industrial and urban areas of China. Since lands are not just for the present and present generations in those societies, so far as future generations are concerned, the exploitation of resources, the interaction with the environment, and the economic, industrial, and developmental behavior of human beings. Citizens and decision-makers need to be able to ensure that future generations also have greater health and environmental adequacy; That is, what is meant by sustainable development. From a sociological point of view, social services, its creation and establishment, as far as it is effective and needed, can itself help to protect the environment. Therefore, in addition to economic and industrial development, the development of social services should be done according to the needs of the day and with a view to the environment. Therefore, the quantitative and qualitative development of social services in the form of its types can itself help to preserve and protect the environment. Due to the expansion of cities and increasing urban density, investing in various sectors of social services is one of the main priorities of today's societies. Due to the limited water resources in the present era, on the one hand, and, consequently, the vulnerability of energy resources, in such circumstances, the environmental impact is always increasing, and it itself needs proper and efficient management. Also, from a sociological point of view, solid waste management is of considerable importance due to the urban population and increasing consumption.

    Since energy itself is considered as an infrastructure for environmental protection, the creation of energy infrastructure must also be provided. In this way, and by creating such a link, sanitation and protection of the environment can be continued. Sociologists have always emphasized the threefold relationship between the environment, water, and energy. While energy production itself is highly dependent on water, water supply and transmission, and wastewater disposal and transfer also require energy. While water and energy are necessary for each other, they also provide health and safety. Also, any interaction such as sanitation and water purification is highly dependent on energy. The growing phenomenon of migration is also widely affecting the environment; That is, cities, urban suburbs, construction and creation of unauthorized residential places, sewage system, etc., each in turn play a role in environmental degradation. At the same time, and as far as the objective and mental health of the family is concerned, the environment has a decisive role in it. Therefore, the effective and regular functioning of one's family depends on the health of the environment.

    Keeping the agricultural sector active and creating active employment in this sector, while preventing rural migration, also contributes to the health of the urban environment. Environmental education itself is a milestone in environmental sociology. Training and providing the necessary solutions will enable future generations to have more guarantees in terms of their livelihood and life, especially in urban communities. The balance of population and urban spaces is also considered as a guarantor of environmental health. The factor of high population density in urban areas, in addition to environmental degradation, leads to economic disruption, housing crisis, unbridled increase in prices and many other social unrest. Therefore, prioritizing environmental studies can bring societies in general, and developing societies in particular, closer to social health.

    On the other hand, the sustainability of peace, security and development all play an important role in maintaining the health of the environment. Adequate investment in community welfare, welfare and social work also contributes to the health of the environment. While many communities are expanding their tourism industry to make money, it is affecting the environment in various ways, both positively and negatively; The destruction of beaches, forests and many other social pollutions are among its negative effects. The loss of environmental health in the present age is the result of an increase in births in the not-so-distant past, so to maintain environmental health, communities must always monitor their fertility index, and for both births one Plant trees to provide environmental balance and fertility. Hence, many of the environmental issues and challenges of the 21st century are probably due to the persistence of 20th century issues.

    Pollution from industry and technology today is transmitted from developed countries to less developed countries with low wages. For example, the transfer of capital from Western societies to East Asian countries, or even from China to Vietnam, is itself the source of the transfer of environmental pollution. Therefore, the use of superior technologies, along with the use of catalysts and purifiers, can itself be effective in preserving the environment. Therefore, in addition to gaining knowledge and awareness, the environment in today's societies should be a policy priority in many countries. Since the relationship between community health and environmental quality is increasingly recognized as a significant sociological issue, different societies should recognize the indicators that determine this relationship, and always try to balance them.

  • Sustainable Agribusiness Management: Case Studies of Innovation and Growth Across the Value Chain

    In an era of continuously evolving agricultural practices and business management strategies, the intersection of agribusiness and sustainable development has never been more critical. This collection of case studies on agribusiness management has been carefully compiled to provide valuable insights into the dynamic world of agribusiness, highlighting both challenges and innovative solutions.

    This book draws on various real-world examples that highlight the strategies and practices of different agribusinesses. Each case study offers a distinct perspective, showcasing the complexities of managing agricultural enterprises in a rapidly changing economic landscape. From small-scale farmers to large agribusiness corporations, the featured cases comprehensively understand effective management practices, financial decision-making, and sustainable growth.

    As agricultural systems encounter pressures from climate change, market fluctuations, and shifting consumer preferences, understanding effective management strategies becomes essential for stakeholders at every level. This book aspires to be a practical guide for students, educators, and practitioners in agribusiness. We hope it inspires innovative thinking and fosters the next generation of agribusiness leaders.

    Join us as we explore the multifaceted world of agribusiness management through these compelling case studies. Each reflects the ingenuity and resilience of those who work tirelessly to feed the world while adhering to sustainable and ethical practices.

  • The Production of Biogas from Cow Dung

    Energy is defined as capacity for doing work.It exists in many forms mechanical, electrical, light, heat/thermal among others. Heat can do work, as when the expanding steam in a steam engine or  the expanding gases in an automobile engine  move the piston. Heat energy is also indispensable in our homes, industries, laboratories for many purposes.

    At home cooking is an important activities all engaged in. we achieve this from different means including electicity and fossil fuel – use of charcoal, gas, kerosene. If we look critically of the fossil fuesl sources of the energy generated, they have been having negative effect on the environment copled with the the fact that the rise in the price of these fossil fuel is becoming worrisome.

    The recent quest for alternatie sources of energy for domestic and industrial use, using the vast biomass, especially plant and animal waste needs serious attention. It is imperative that these organic waste are utilized to meet energy demand in devoid of negative environmental consequenses and at cheaper rate.  This is what motivated the coming up with fabrication of digester that under the influence of anaerobic bacteria degrade abundant cow dung that is constituting pollution in our environment into constituent molecules, methane gas, as iconstucted close to a laboratory of Science Laboratory Technology deparment of the Polytechnic Bali, Taraba state Nigeria.

    This book is simply presenting basic ideas of how construction of biogas system was made for the use of the laboratory and which can also be used as domestic iogas as a sorce of energy for heating, cooking when the gas cylinder was connected to  bursen burner to produce flame accompanied with heat based on the prevailing weather.

    This is the preliminary work and it is hoped that further study and activities woud be conducted on the biogas system as recommended in this book to enhance knowledge and skills needed for its improvement for the benefits of students, Scientists, Technologists and humanity generally.

  • ‘ASPIRE’ Strategies for Strengthening Adolescents’ Sexual and Reproductive Health Role Modelling

    The book, "‘ASPIRE’ Strategies for Strengthening Adolescents’ Sexual and Reproductive Health Role Modelling", authored by Tshiamo N. Ramalepa, focuses on developing effective role modelling strategies for adolescents' sexual and reproductive health (SRH). It employs the ASPIRE process, a structured methodology for adapting equity-explicit implementation strategies to bridge gaps and address disparities in SRH practices. This book presents evidence-based strategies for adolescent sexual and reproductive health role modelling, developed through a systematic adaptation process using the ASPIRE framework for equity-explicit implementation strategies. The need for effective SRH role modelling strategies is particularly pressing given the complex challenges adolescents face in navigating their sexual and reproductive health. These challenges include limited access to accurate information, cultural and religious barriers to open discussion of SRH topics, and the increasing influence of potentially misleading information through social media and other channels. Traditional approaches to adolescent SRH education and support have often failed to adequately address these challenges, highlighting the need for innovative strategies that can effectively engage adolescents through positive role models.

  • New Frontiers in Physical Science Research Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of Physical Science. The contributions by the authors include photoemission, green's function approach, wave function, electrons, thin films, compositional analysis, energy dispersive x-ray technique, semiconductor, craig’s effect, autofocus system, optics of human eye, transmission electron microscopy, crystalline materials, UV-visible spectrophotometer, band gap, optical properties, M-plane GaN, molecular beam epitaxy, non-polar GaN, Atom, electromagnetic particle, electromagnetic field, magnetic bipole, fluctuation, electric modulus, dielectric permittivity, normalized decay function, AC analysis, impedance spectroscopy, and laplace transforms. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Physical Science.

  • The Chemistry of the Degenerative Disease

    Degenerative diseases (DD) represent a formidable health challenge considering that most if not all DD have not cure or can be prevented. However, despite the cloudy scenario a significant deal of advances has been made to slow the progression allowing the patients to restore some degree in quality of life.

    This book brings together different disciplines including genetics, cell biology, immunology, drug design, and metabolism emphasizing the chemical aspects leading to understand the origin of the disease and base on that establishing strategies that could eventually propose more efficient treatments.

    A significant progress has been made to understand the etiology related to DD however it is not known exactly which conditions or factor activates mutant genes resulting in the production of aberrant proteins or receptors, although risk factors such as oxidative stress, advanced glycation end products (AGES), age, inheritance, sedentary life, toxic substances and pollution are well known contributors to increase the probability for acquiring a DD.

    Therefore, the book describes the most prominent DD, including arthritis, osteoporosis, neuromotor disorders, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s, and Parkinson’s diseases, covering critical aspects related to neurotransmission, receptors, signalling pathways, and the genetics implied in the development of the diseases. In terms of therapies described in the book include the prototypical anti-inflammatories treatments, biomedical devices for cartilage replacement, small drug agonists and antagonists, oligonucleotides, humanised antibodies, and genetically-based therapies.

    The book intends to explore the chemical changes occurring during the progress of DD, triggering disruptive effects associated with inflammation, proteolysis, immune attack, aberrant protein deposits, leading to cell death, and derived from this knowledge to describes existing treatments either on the market or under clinical phase to prevent or to restore functionality. Continued efforts are currently being made, giving confidence that more efficient treatments, including curable options, will arrive in the near future, considering that DDs are growing exponentially, affecting populations in all continents and may impact at any age or social status.

  • Current Innovations in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 10

    This book covers key areas of Medicine and Medical Science. The contributions by the authors include Influenza, SARS-CoV-2, vaccinations, molecular mimicry, peptide sharing, autoimmunity, disseminated intravascular coagulation, disseminated intravascular microthrombosis, endotheliopathy, microthrombogenesis, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, TTP- like syndrome, vascular microthrombotic disease, mean platelet volume, preeclampsia, myointimal hyperplasia, arteriovenous fistula, enalapril, hemodialysis, local anesthesia, anorexia nervosa, bulimia, suicidality, distal femur fractures, Neer’s score, phenytoin, purpuric macules, arrhythmogenic agent, pharmacokinetics, coronary heart disease,  percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, anxiety, depression, gingival fibromatosis, familial fibromatosis, idiopathic fibromatosis, gingivectomy, bacterial ecology, and maternity. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Medicine and Medical Science.

  • Successful Farmers of Chatra District in Jharkhand, India

    In changing scenario of agriculture development, it is required to have "Well designed integrated farming system for inclusive growth of the agricultural community integrated farming system (IFS) approach focuses on a few selected interdependent, interrelated and interlinking enterprises of crops, animals and other related subsidiary profession. The various enterprises involved sustain the soil productivity through recycling of organic sources and are helpful in enhancing farmers income nutritional security.

    I am happy to know that KVK, Chatra is achieving the goals through proper interaction of different enterprises in agriculture of small land holding farmers field and doubling the income. I hope this book motivates rural youth, farmers and all others to think about agriculture and start working in this sector.

    I appreciate the efforts of KVK Scientists and all staffs for documenting doubling farmer`s income stories.

    I extend my best wishes to the KVK Chatra scientists and staffs those who are involved in this appreciable work.

  • Research Highlights in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of agricultural sciences. The contributions by the authors include conservation agriculture production systems, productivity, intercropping systems, farmers practice, hormonal yield stimulations, plantation stimulation, soil health, plant leaf mulching, climate resilient agriculture, paddy straw, farming system, zinc deficiency, micronutrients, coastal agro ecosystem, climate change, adaptative response, livestock production, irrigation, drainage system, population growth, plant extract, insect-specific antagonistic bioactive compounds, hydroponic culture, organic acid. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of agricultural sciences.

  • Medical Science: Recent Advances and Applications Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of medical science. The contributions by the authors include Von Willebrand factor, coagulation disorders, obstetric haemorrhage, high-risk pregnancy, FTIR spectroscopy, point-of-care testing tool, partial least squares-discriminant analysis, COVID-19, psychiatric disorders, Feinstein’s concept, false comorbidity, heterotypic comorbidity, pulmonary echinococcosis, hydatid cyst disease, hydrogen peroxide, scolicidal agent, epilepsy, cortical spreading depression, seizures, brain mitochondrial activity, postpartum depression, Edinburgh postnatal depression scale, serotonin reuptake inhibitors, antidepressants, portal hypertension, natriuretic peptide, endopeptidase, cardiopulmonary complications, hepatic venous pressure gradient, supracondylar process, Struthers’ ligament, pediatric urinary incontinence, non-pharmacologic management, tricyclic antidepressants, psychogenic non-epileptic seizures, anti-epileptic drug, interictal epileptiform discharge, testicular biopsy, histological classification, male infertility, non-obstructive azoospermia. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of medical science.

  • Research Highlights in Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of Mathematics and Computer Science. The contributions by the authors include nonlinear integro-differential equation, equilibria, stochastic perturbations, asymptotic mean square stability, stability in probability, difference equations, lucas sequences, lucas addition chains, primality testing, autoregressive distributed lag model, error correction model, unit root tests, residual diagnostics, bounds cointegration test, stability tests,  fibonacci number, bell number, stirling number, jacobsthal number, factorization, quadratic equation, parametrization, sieving polynomial, HF-index, Y-index, graph operations, MANET, gambler’s ruin, random walks, brownian motions, partial order, metric spaces, and coupled coincidence points. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Mathematics and Computer Science.

  • Engineering Research: Perspectives on Recent Advances Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of engineering research. The contributions by the authors include energy efficiency, surface temperature, infrared thermography, emissivity, thermal bridging, stilling basin, baffle walls, Reynolds number, hydraulic jump, free vibration characteristics, single-degree-of-freedom mechanical system, simulink simulation, system’s behaviour, Nguyen dynasty, Hue monuments, construction techniques, architectural design, microwave circuit, signal integrity, rectangular trace application, crosstalk noise, capacitive coupling ratio, Portland limestone cement, concrete pavement, foam concrete, ultrasonic pulse velocity, water absorption, uniaxial compressive strength, Complex of Hue Monuments, Nguyen dynasty, architectural heritage conservation. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of engineering research.

  • Research Highlights in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of Agricultural Sciences. The contributions by the authors include water management, trajectory, farm infrastructures, landraces, industrial effluents, shoot length, root length, biochemical parameters, biopesticides, pod borer, ICT projects, information technology, plant breeding, smart farming, farm management, microencapsulation,  salinity tolerant varieties, long-term fertilization, soil quality, humic substances, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, sweeteners, environmental assessment, blackeye cowpea mosaic virus, cowpea mottle virus, seeds germination, slow-release fertilizer, super absorbent polymer, and potato starch. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Agricultural Sciences.

  • Mathematics and Computer Science: Research Updates Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of mathematics and computer science. The contributions by the authors include text-to-image generation, stable diffusion model, differential equations, geogebra application, engineering education, computer algebra system, metric dimension, tree derived interconnection networks, sibling trees, deep learning, quantum machine learning, ethical AI, spiking neural networks, capsule networks, singular perturbation theory, residual power series method, nasty numbers, polygonal numbers, fourier transforms, fourier coefficients, orthogonal function, blockchain-based data provenance, mobile cloud computing, key management systems, access control list, average waiting time, shortest job first, distributed denial-of-service, network resilience, blockchain proof-of-concept. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of mathematics and computer science.

  • Technology Innovations in Colon Targeted Drug Delivery Systems

    The rapid increasing demand of colon specific drug delivery from industries, academician, scientist, research scholars and students has encouraged author(s) to inscribe this authored reference book. The author(s) were delighted to take this opportunity in this arena for those professionals whom needed for updated information and sound knowledge on applied drug delivery systems and applications in pharmaceuticals and other allied science subjects. A great care has been taken during content preparation of the proposed manual book which is thoroughly based on new syllabus for the purpose to fulfill the requirements of our professional community. The proposed book is based on systematic overviews on the proposed topics for novel approaches for colon drug targeting,  newer delivery systems, characterization methods, diseases of colon etc. with proper citations wherever necessitated. This subject provides us numerous versatile applications including pharmaceutical, biomedical, biotechnology, food production, dairy, commercial production, etc. That can also be utilizing for the purpose of manufacturing of life-saving drug products in our pharmaceutical industries such as vaccines, antibiotics, insulin, vitamins, proteins and enzymes.

    The provided content in reference book is divided into six chapters along with suitable tables and figures in very coherent language and that had almost covered the new syllabus efficiently. At the beginning, introduction part had been included for our scientists, students and scholars that will help them for complete awareness about drug delivery systems and applications respectively. This may possibly help them to acquired depth knowledge into the said area of interests. The book also included various informative tables and figures presented in an explicatory and simplified manner, wherever required. Each and every chapter gets started with overview of the topic and then included all those possible aspects in a well systematic and interesting manner for complete guidance and fulfillment of needs of our readers.

    Authors also feels that the book will not only covers our scientist, scholars, under graduate or post graduate students, but may also may be going to serve and share knowledge to our allied medical fields including biotechnology, basic microbiology, molecular biology, etc. also at the same time.

    We are thankful to our senior teachers for their kindness, blessings, help, support and guidance. In the last but not the least, we greatly acknowledge to our colleagues of our respective organization whom helped and contributed to bring out the book timely before our readers.

    We invite constructive suggestions, if any, from our reader’s behalf for further improvement of this book for which authors shall be in-depth thankful. 

  • An Overview of Disease and Health Research Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of disease and health research. The contributions by the authors include severe ileitis, inflammatory bowel disease, multisystem inflammatory syndrome, enteritis, panic disorder, quality of life, breathing difficulty, generalised anxiety disorder, palpitations, benzodiazepines, serotonin reuptake inhibitors, gallstones disease, obesity, public health action estrogen effects, neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, frontotemporal lobar degeneration, neurodegenerative disease, Hirschsprung’s disease, Shah Waardenburg syndrome, down syndrome, cancer patient, chemotherapy effects, oncology clinic, heart rate activity, heart rate deceleration, post-exercise heart rate recovery, acute calculus cholecystitis, drainage of the gallbladder, endoscopic trans papillary gallbladder drainage, percutaneous cholecystostomy, delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy, subtotal cholecystectomy, preterm and low birth weight, Denver developmental screening test, physiotherapy, neurodevelopment, neurodegenerative illnesses, mitochondrial dysfunction, mitochondria-targeted therapies, neuronal health, gene therapy, liver abscess, portal vein thrombosis, gastrointestinal flora. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of disease and health research.

  • A Textbook of Stress Crop Production

    Agriculture is unique in its characteristics, different crop are cultivated in its variety of agro-climatic regions. A stable agricultural sector ensures national food security which is the main requirement of any country. Malnourishment, which has historically been seen as one of the main issues facing developing nations, is prevented by food security. The majority of nations rely on agricultural goods and related businesses as their primary sources of income. The majority of the wage items needed by non-agricultural industries are provided by agriculture. It serves as the source of raw materials for numerous service and agricultural sectors.

    Rapid population growth and significant climatic change pose a threat to global food security. As a result of climate change, plant stressors are now the most important factors that limit crop production and, in the long run, food security.

    The ultimate goal of this book "A Textbook of Stress Crop Production" is to increase food production on a continuous basis by managing plant stress and maintaining the natural resource base in accordance with the carrying capacity of the supporting agro-ecosystem.

    Despite our best efforts, it's still conceivable that a mistake happened in the book's editing or modification. We welcome and appreciate any additional inquiries as well as thoughtful criticism about how we can make this book better. Last but not least, we would like to express our gratitude to Ms. Sumona Bag of BP International Publication and her staff for their commitment to the publication of this book.

  • Agricultural Sciences: Techniques and Innovations Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of agricultural sciences. The contributions by the authors include crop water requirement, evapotranspiration, irrigation scheduling, livestock productivity, sheep farming, artificial insemination, selective breeding, community-based breeding programs, leaf senescence, drought stress, lipid peroxidation, gene expression, cell membrane stability, staphylococcal enterotoxins, staphylococcal food poisoning, enterotoxin genes, poultry diet, spirulina platensis, digestive health, soil amendment, coal char, grass biomass, pathogen transmission, poultry welfare, on-farm biosecurity, eggshell quality, eggshell powder supplementation. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of agricultural sciences.

  • Current Advances in Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences. The contributions by the authors include ecosystem services, natural-based solution, urban planning, ecological design, geographic information system, geospatial modeling, solar insolation, high resolution topography, remote sensing, phytosociology, trace metals, geoaccumulation index, enrichment factor, contamination, lagoon, volatile organic compounds, asthma, relative humidity, respirable particulates, mesothelioma, environmental impact, and  IPAT model. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences.

  • Physical Science: New Insights and Developments Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of physical science. The contributions by the authors include orbital angular momentum, Schrodinger equation, Meshchersky model, gold vein localization, magmatic dikes, particle dark matter, feebly interacting massive particle, weakly interacting slim particle, stiff matter, Planck measurements, Hubble tension, crystalline cadmium, extended X-ray absorption fine structure, swirl gas cooling, laminar flow regime, supersonic flow motion control, optical rotation detection systems, spin-exchange relaxation-free magnetometers, magnetic noise response, data preprocessing, global geodetic observing system, root-mean-square, interferometric synthetic aperture radar. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of physical science.

  • Plant Megaflora from the Siwalik (Upper Miocene) of Darjeeling District, West Bengal, India and its Palaeoclimatic and Phytogeographic Significance

    The theme of the present research work is based on the study of past vegetation involving aspects of both Botany and Geology. It applies in the understanding of floristics. palaeoclimates, palaeoecology, phytogeography and stratigraphy. The palaeobotanist   investigates plant fossils from the distant to the immediate past to understand their form and function and buildup floristic patterns through nearly 3500 million years of life records. Palaeobotanical investigations also help in charting the history of modem vegetation and the origins and development of agriculture and plant utilization.

    The flora of Siwalik Group of India has been subjected to numerous changes. Many genera which are recorded in India during Mio-Pliocene either migrated or faced extinction. Evolution of the Siwalik floras in the northern region has largely been influenced by the Himalayan orogeny. Because, the Middle-Miocene orogeny of the Himalaya led to the proliferation of several gymnospermic groups and appearance of several subtropical angiospermic taxa like, Pinus, Abies and Cedrus etc. The problems associated with the Siwalik (Mio-Pliocene) floras are of regionalism, endemism and migration/ extinction in response to physical and climatic factors which need to be worked out in detail to unravel the history of the modern flora of India.

    The present work will enhance its academic and applied utility of palaeobotanical study for those engaged in evolutionary botany, forestry, environmental interpretation, climatology and exploration of fossil fuels. Based on the authentic and refined plaeobotanical knowledge/data so far recovered from the study areas, the reconstruction of vegetation scenarios of Himalayan foot hills through Siwalik (Middle Siwalik) time has been done, and also discussed on problems related to plant diversity, endemism, and migratory pathways of mainly phytogeograpraphically important  taxa.

  • Fundamentals of Conflict Management at the Workplace

    The book, ‘Fundamentals of conflict management’ is intended to assist senior human capital practitioners and business management to develop their expertise, knowledge and skills in dealing with conflict at their organisations. The fundamental message of this book is accomplishing organisational effectiveness and competitiveness through effective conflict management strategies and systems at workplaces. The book provides managers with full and practical information on conflict management principles, concepts and strategies, with an emphasis on how to utilise the knowledge and concepts to improve workplace industrial relations, peace and tranquillity at the workplace. The book provides consolidated information about Conflict Management and makes the knowledge of management of conflict accessible to managers, supervisors, organisational development partners and marginalised groups of people throughout the world.  Because of the emphasis and perspective it takes, it makes it most appropriate to human resource and organisational development practitioners. The book is very useful to managers, workers and organisational behaviour specialists working in governmental organisations, the profit and not-for-profit organisations.

    As a lecturer, it is not only my desire to provide more literature about conflict management that drives me to undertake this journey, but the need to provide practical solutions and strategies that transform dysfunctional conflict into constructive conflict and promote organisational competitiveness. This book is a result of intensive study on organisational behaviour, particularly conflict management and practical management experience on account of being the founding lecturer and chairman of the department of human resource management, dean of the Julius Nyerere School of Social Sciences at Great Zimbabwe University, chairman of various university and community development committees, board member of various corporates and director of various projects.  The book's chapters covered the nature of conflict, forms of conflict, theories of conflict, causes and effects of conflict, and conflict handling strategies. Furthermore, it presented information on how conflict management affects organisational competitiveness, efficiency and effectiveness and to what extent it promotes good workplace industrial relations in various businesses. It should however, be noted that this material is not meant to substitute any other text material, but merely to supplement it by giving practical examples and solutions to conflicts.

  • Research Aspects in Chemical and Materials Sciences Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of Chemical and Materials Sciences. The contributions by the authors include silver nanoparticles, antimicrobial activity, biofilm, transmission electron microscopy, hydrogeochemistry, dyeing, surface modification, polyester, raman spectroscopy, textile industry, natural rubber, polymer, acrylic resin, ozonolysis, green synthesis, silver nanoparticles, photocatalytic degradation, methylene blue dye, cobalt selenide, thin films, semiconductor, successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction method, membranes recovery, monoplatinum catalyst, carbon nanotube, electrochemically active surface area, oxygen reduction reaction, corrosion stability, solar cells, semiconductor, metal telluride, and band gap. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Chemical and Materials Sciences.

  • Microbiology and Biotechnology Research: An Overview Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of microbiology and biotechnology. The contributions by the authors include virus-antibody reactions, virus aggregation, complement-enriched neutralisation test, antimicrobial resistance, urinary tract infections, multiple antibiotic-resistant index, vasicine production, Adhatoda zeylanica, cell culture systems, laser doppler velocimetry, tissue vitality, biophotonics, critical care medicine, microbial activity, flacherie disease, plant extracts, endophytes, crop production, global food security, heavy metal stress, antifungal property, zone of inhibition, safflower florets, medicinal plants, probiotic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of microbiology and biotechnology.

  • Challenges and Advances in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of Pharmaceutical Research. The contributions by the authors include nanoparticle technology, nanosuspensions, dissolution, poorly soluble drugs, high pressure homogenizer, bioavailability, triphala, anticancer activity, molecular mechanism, bioactive compound, COVID-19, siddha preparation, MV kashayam, gas chromatography, limit of quantitation, linearity, method validation, residual solvents, robustness, ruggedness, system suitability, hydrophobic, lipophilicity, biomimetic, biocompatibility, biodegradable, antibiotic resistance, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, medicinal plants, quantitative structure–activity relationship, multiple linear regression, corticotropin releasing factor, receptor antagonists, substituted pyrimidine derivatives, metformin, bioequivalence, pharmacokinetics, interchange of drugs, zanamivir, reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography, high pressure thin layer chromatography, virenza capsule, and stability indicating. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Pharmaceutical Research.

  • New Ideas Concerning Arts and Social Studies Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of arts and social studies. The contributions by the authors include street children, violence, Humanium-together for children's rights, professional assistance, diversity, equality, inclusive education, street culture, African culture, indigenous knowledge, historical roots, colonialism,  westernisation, Négritude theory, David Diop’s poetry, role of the family, accounting intelligence system, corporate performance, decision support systems, executive support systems, blame attribution, theory of planned behaviour, health communication, risk perception attitude, individual responsibility, state failure theory, organised crime, social network analysis, alternative medicine, complementary and alternative medicine, specialised schools, deaf education, hearing impairment, curriculum adaptation. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of arts and social studies.

  • Diseases of Blood

    This is a concise textbook of clinical and laboratory haemotology which provide a succinct background of Diseases of Blood. Terminology and concepts delineated in this book serves as a foundation and reference for the easy understanding of the subject. Haematological abnormalities are variable in nature which may also manifests in the oral cavity. The symptoms are non specific representing the initial sign of the underlying disease. The importance of understanding the oral manifestations lies in the fact that signs and symptoms may be the first clinical presentation that alerts the dentist/hematologist to an underlying hematological disorder. This book helps in Quick revision of the physiology of normal haematopoiesis, blood disorders, its pathophysiology, common causes, over view of clinical features, oral manifestations, investigations and treatment. Thus this textbook bridge the gap between Dental and medical practitioners in managing the patients with haematological diseases. We hope this book provides you with a good basis to continue expanding your haematology knowledge.

  • New Horizons of Science, Technology and Culture Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of science, technology and culture. The contributions by the authors include satellite communication, parallel interference cancellation, direct sequence spread spectrum, flue gas, pollutant oxides, heat transfer mechanisms, movement analysis, 3D motion capture, support vector machine, musical expression, photovoltaics, micro grids, virtual power plant, metaverse construction model, semantic communication, quantum field theory, loop quantum gravity, scalar potential, string theory, Nudimmud physics, graphene, pressure-sensitive properties, exfoliating graphite, electrical conductivity, lightweight concrete, palm shell ash, water/binder ratio, foamed concrete, solar thermal system, energy saving, thermochromic coatings, environmental sustainability. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of science, technology and culture.

  • Current Advances in Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences. The contributions by the authors include environmental impact, rapid urbanization, climatic change, improvement of habitat, smart city technology, pollution, tolerance index, plant species, air pollutants, biochemical changes, leaf extract, biopolymer, gelatin, tensile strength, thermogravimetric analysis, degradation, seismic site response, microzonation, waterbirds, gold mineralization, rhyodacite, hydrothermal alteration, socio-ecological system, ecological restoration, biodiversity, and ecology network. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences.

  • Food Science and Agriculture: Research Highlights Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of food science and agriculture. The contributions by the authors include freeze-dried camel rennet, camel milk, halal food, loop-mediated isothermal amplification, porcine contaminants, cornelian cherry, ultrasound-assisted extraction, eutectic solvents, coffee quality, free software Scilab®, chemical classification, food safety, environmental management instruments, sustainable wine production, cluster analysis, genetic correlation, rice breeding, high performing cultivars, groundnut, breeding strategies, artificial hybridization, marker-assisted backcrossing, genome editing technologies. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of food science and agriculture.

  • A Systematic Review of the Literature Concerning the Accessibility of Library Websites

    The book “A Systematic Review Of The Literature Concerning The Accessibility Of Library Websites” is the product of our research study submitted as a project in the Department of Library and Information Science, Punjabi University, Patiala; as an essential requirement for the completion of the doctoral degree. The ethical obligation of a library professional to ensure that all users have equitable access to the collection and services of the library drives our motivation to work in this field. A disabled or visually impaired person always requires extra support and encouragement to learn to rely on themselves, build the strength to get above their disability and satisfy their informational demands. Additionally, the internet and websites are crucial for creating, preserving, and disseminating knowledge. Internet access is therefore currently essential for getting information. Even though there are several assistive technologies available in this day and age of technical innovation that can readily make a website and its contents accessible to users with disabilities, the situation can occasionally become more challenging due to restrictions like copyright law. To date, a number of actions have been adopted and put into effect to guarantee equal access to the web for those with disabilities, including treaties, legislation, ordinances, and guidelines. This book gives you a basic grasp of web accessibility, associated problems, enacted legislation and agreements, and international standards in this area. To comprehend current research trends on web accessibility, a comprehensive analysis of the prior literature on the accessibility of websites (mostly library websites) is included as a core theme of the book. The situation of web accessibility in India was also highlighted, along with a branch of Indian initiatives.

  • Role of Uterine Artery Doppler and Low Dose Aspirin Intervention on Fetomaternal Outcome in Low Risk Pregnant Women: A Prospective Study

    Being an obstetrician and gynaecologist, it is our responsibility to manage a high-risk patient at an optimum level. But sometimes normal pregnancy emerges as a high-risk pregnancy. Pre-eclampsia with or without fetal growth restriction is such a condition. In today's era, many tools and markers are available which can predict the same. The earliest prediction and optimum intervention are the demands of such a situation.

    Uterine artery Doppler changes can be picked up at the earliest by the 11th week of gestation. It is a non-invasive tool. This publication is all about the need for recommendations to use UAPI in the first trimester, along with a level scan for all pregnancies. Most of the area still lacks coverage of this tool. It helps in earliest to incorporate low-dose aspirin to control the situation.

    This publication would not have been possible without the guidance of my seniors, Dr Vineeta & Dr Ajay Kumar. I will be thankful to them. With this study, I polished myself in obstetric ultrasound.

  • Techniques and Innovation in Engineering Research Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of Engineering Research. The contributions by the authors include sandwich composite, honeycomb, structural finite element method, hybrid composite material, CFRP Al sandwich, IC engine, blended fuel, emission prediction,  ship main engine, cooling water, micro hydro power plants, electric energy, renewable energy, safety-critical software, microprocessor relay protection, software reliability, laterally diffused MOSFET, breakdown voltage, silicon pockets, artificial intelligence, digital health records, machine intelligence, oil well injection water, pollutants in crude oil, viscosity of crude oil, total dissolved salts of crude oil, viscosity of injection water, angle of shearing resistance, local shear failure, bearing capacity, ocean current, offshore wind, calorie estimation, deep learning, and machine learning. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Engineering Research.

  • Morphometric Appraisal of Human Atlas and Axis Vertebrae with Its Clinical Implications

    The profound knowledge of the Intricate details of the cervical spine, particularly the C1 and C2 vertebrae, is essential. This book presents a detailed analysis of the morphometry and morphological variations of the atlas and axis vertebrae in the Indian population. We studied fifty dry human atlases and axis vertebrae each, focusing on the osteometric measurements and morphological differences. The study also highlights the asymmetries between the left and right sides of these vertebrae. The results may be attributed to the demographic and racial variations when compared with the previous research.

    We hope that the findings of this study will offer the refined anatomical references to the neurosurgeons, orthopaedic surgeons, and radiologists, aiding for more accurate diagnosis as well as clinical and surgical planning. Furthermore, this study aims to serve as a foundational resource for future anatomical and anthropological research.

  • Newest Updates in Agriculture and Veterinary Science Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of Agriculture and Veterinary Science. The contributions by the authors include heat stress, cortisol, physiological changes,   characteristic fermentation, forages, rice bran, rumen, feeding management of goats, poultry meat consumption, linseed meal,  poultry industry, linoleic acid, neurotransmitter, epilepsy, pentylenetetrazole, Body condition scoring, smoking methods, SYBR Green real time PCR, reproductive performance, prolificacy, cost-benefit ratio, imidacloprid, insecticides, phagocytic activity, environmental factors, restriction fragment length polymorphisms, DNA sequencing, bovine babesiosis, babesia bovis, in vitro culture, live attenuated vaccine, pericarditis, and pseudo-pericarditis. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Agriculture and Veterinary Science.

  • Language, Literature and Education: Research Updates Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of language, literature and education. The contributions by the authors include artificial intelligence, inclusive education, diversity, pedagogical issues, From Below book, microhistorical paradigm, social history, history of education, bi-monthly staff meetings, peer learning, teaching quality, cultural responsiveness, professional development, lesson study, calculus learning, techniques of integration, academic workload, burnout, emotional exhaustion, European credit transfer and accumulation system, cynicism, program satisfaction, new teacher education program, secondary education, western and eastern influences, censorship practices, pedagogical training, mental dysfunction, term censorship, microhistory, psychopedagogy, sociopedagogy, lending library. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of language, literature and education.

  • Challenges and Advances in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of Pharmaceutical Research.  The contributions by the authors include black seed, thymoquinone, osteoporosis, bone healing, body mass index, cognitive performance, AgNPs, aloin, scanning electron microscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, zeta potential, antioxidant activity, antibacterial activity, anticancer activity, parotoid gland, bufo melanostictus, Urea-SDS-PAGE, oxidative stress, sodium arsenite, cardiac toxicity, folic acid, vitamin B12, high-performance liquid chromatography, phenolic compounds, rutin, quercetin, kaempferol, diabetes mellitus, streptozotocin, nitric oxide, life-style-related disease, insulin resistance, nitrite, nitrate, antifungal activity, bavistin, thiram, heapatotoxicity, antituberculosis drugs, histopathological changes, adverse effect, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, foam cells, monocytes, trypsin inhibitors, thick and thin smear, mono headed inhibitors, malaria, rapid diagnostic tests, and protozoal parasite. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Pharmaceutical Research.

  • Scientific Pork Production and Processing

    Foodborne infections and intoxications are major problems in developing countries, including India. Issues such as quality and food safety are of great significance from a public health point of view. In today’s modern and busy world, consumers want safe, hygienic and wholesome foods with optimum nutritional content. Health-conscious consumers demand that no extraneous ingredients be added to food and that nothing natural be removed from it.  Food and food products with poor quality in production and distribution systems have negative impacts on consumers, resulting in poor market value.

    Production of wholesome pork and pork products needs regular monitoring of the microbiological, physico-chemical and eating quality traits for safety and quality assurance. To achieve an acceptable level of food safety, it is necessary to provide a quality assurance system based on Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP) in the areas of food security, disease monitoring and reporting, food-borne pathogens screening and traceability.

    The book entitled “SCIENTIFIC PORK PRODUCTION AND PROCESSING” comprises of twelve chapters covering various aspects of scientific slaughtering, grading, value addition for enhanced profitability, quality control of pork and pork products, utilisation of slaughterhouse by-products for additional income generation and contributing to environmental welfare, importance of HACCP and traceability to support information tracking at operational level as well as in diagnostic analysis and strategic decision making at managerial level, etc. We benignly hope that the hope this book is widely read and the pig producers, manufacturers of pork and pork products, traders, academicians, students, policy planners and those who are associated with the pork value chain will benefit from this publication.

  • Research Highlights in Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of Mathematics and Computer Science. The contributions by the authors include finite difference, mathematical induction, integral order, positive powers, reproductive property, approximations, autoregression, edgeworth expansions, unitary roots, time series, adjacency matrix, linear feedback shift register, logical XOR, encryption, decryption, manual and automated scalable solutions, integer factorization, boolean-equation solving, modular karnaugh map, algorithmic implementation, cryptography, encryption-decryption algorithms, gaussian primes, cyclic symmetric matrix, difference equations, stochastic perturbations, lyapunov functions, linear matrix inequalities, asymptotic mean square stability, stability in probability, numerical simulations, fourier transform, bras and ket in hilbert space, principles of quantum mechanics, schrödinger equations, photons of bohr, Pascal's theorem and computational methods in geometry. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Mathematics and Computer Science.

  • Medical Science: Recent Advances and Applications Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of medical science. The contributions by the authors include veterinary radiology, abdominal emergencies, urinary bladder rupture, reproductive tract disorders, radiographic imaging, Munro abscess, psoriatic arthritis, drug therapy, nasal airway volume, craniofacial morphology, cone beam computed tomography, medical imaging interpretation, deep learning; image analysis, computed tomography imaging, neurodegenerative disease assessment, artificial intelligence, medical education, beta thalassemia curcumin nanotechnology approaches, forensic toxicology high-resolution mass spectrometry, dried blood spot analysis, postmortem redistribution, drug-related fatalities, superficial palmar arch, vascular graft applications, lixisenatide, diabetes mellitus, psychoanalytic psychotherapy, anti-psychotic medication, family therapy, therapeutic termination, psychogenic nonepileptic seizures, intracranial monitoring, drug-resistant epilepsy, status epilepticus, iron deficiency, tumor microenvironment, cancer treatment. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of medical science.

  • Research Highlights in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of Agricultural Sciences. The contributions by the authors include groundnut quality, foliar application, rainfall variability, cotton production, savings members, non-savings members, self-help groups, membership contributions, beverage, nectar, pomegranate, pearl millet, insect pest, millet spike worm tunnels, moths, nematodes, citrus trees, botanic extracts, calcareous soil, sulphur, boron, boro rice, peanut, electrophoresis, protein bands, relative mobility, seed key, natural enemies, parasitism, pest management, future of farming, young farmers, and  skilled youth. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Agricultural Sciences.

  • Anatomical and Morphometric Study of Human Skull Base Foramina in Indians: Clinical and Forensic Implications

    The base of the human skull harbours numerous foramina that serve as vital conduits for neurovascular structures. A detailed understanding of their anatomy and morphometry is crucial for clinical, surgical, and forensic applications. Despite the intricate importance of these structures, there remains a paucity of region-specific morphometric data, especially concerning the Indian population. This book endeavours to bridge that gap.

    The present work is the culmination of a comprehensive anatomical and morphometric study of skull base foramina, conducted on two distinct datasets—dry human skulls and CT scans of adult patients. By employing both direct and radiological methodologies, this study offers a more holistic and comparative perspective on the anatomical variability and morphometric dimensions of the skull base foramina.

    One of the primary objectives of this research was to document and analyse the dimensional asymmetries and positional variations of individual foramina. Statistical tools were applied to discern significant differences between the right and left sides, revealing notable asymmetry in structures such as the jugular foramen and the foramen spinosum. Furthermore, the distances between specific foramina and reliable osseous landmarks were examined, which may prove valuable in neurosurgical navigation and forensic reconstruction.

    This book also highlights a relatively underexplored area in cranial morphometry—the inter foraminal distances at the skull base. Such measurements hold potential not only in enhancing anatomical understanding but also in supporting forensic identification and radiological assessments.

    It is my hope that this work will serve as a valuable reference for radiologists, neurosurgeons, anatomists, and forensic experts. By contributing region-specific data and insights, it aims to support both academic research and practical applications in the field of clinical anatomy.

  • Current Overview on Disease and Health Research Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of Disease and Health Research. The contributions by the authors include GISAID-Clade, post-acute COVID-19 syndrome, drug therapy, clinical trial, contraceptive use, sexuality information, risk factors, rural community, hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, ischemic stroke, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, bayesian network, probabilistic analysis, covariance matrices, iron-deficiency, anemia knowledge, educational awareness, health-care professionals, atherosclerosis, angiography,  SARS-CoV-2 infection, oral cavity, saliva, nematodes, meloidogyne species, pathogenic variation, molecular techniques, heat shock protein, genome-wide identification, gene expression profiling, and pyrethroid resistance. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Disease and Health Research.

  • New Advances in Business, Management and Economics Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of business, management and economics. The contributions by the authors include marketing policy, position in the market, turnover rate, financial resource, human resource, watershed management, roles of women, resource management, farmer associations and conservation groups, stock markets prediction, data mining, machine learning, investment strategies, indigenous chicken farming, smallholder farmers, average price difference, market price information, social identity theory, cross-gender brand extensions, consumer behaviour, brand generalization, business reputation, motivation propensity, small and medium-sized enterprises, customer perspective, job satisfaction, good governance, transport business, work culture, human resource management, adopted stakeholder theory, tax administration, taxation data sharing, Myanmar tax laws, leadership styles, financial technology, firm growth, transactional leadership, laissez-faire leadership, dialectics, capitalistic contradictions, Marxian theory. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of business, management and economics.

  • Basic Mathematics for Physically Correct Mechanical Properties from Indentations

    This open-access E-Book collects all of the 16 open-access publications with the author's challenges of false treatments of indentation data in the literature in an up scaled form with cross linking to the more recent results and some replacements of older formulas. Not all of them could be developed in one publication at a time. It depicts the advancements from 2016 to 2022 on the basis of now mathematically deduced empirical results with closed and universal formulas for all types of solid materials. The enforcing ISO 14577 techniques can still not detect the more than common phase-transitions under mechanical stress with formation of dangerous polymorph interfaces. Their now very easy detection (actually since 2004) helps to avoid dangerous failures by cracks in airliners, bridges, buildings, polymers, commodities, etc. This affords only the physically correct calculation of the materials' mechanical properties without relying on data-treatments, fittings, iterations, and simulations with not repeatable extremely complicated assumptions for concurring with false historical equations.

    This will help the scientist, teacher, anonymous reviewer, editor, technician, journalist, and certification agent for more easily finding out how urgent is it to strengthen the falsification of the still not revised ISO-14577- ASTM enforcing standards. ISO-ASTM, industry and academic publications must stop with accepting violation of the energy law. And mechanical intelligence must be freed from faked tabulated mechanical properties, always requiring reliable re-determinations. This is particularly important for one-point technical indentation results that characterise unknown polymorphs depending on the applied very high forces.

    Indentations with cones, pyramids, and spheres are described on the basis of sacrosanct calculation rules for mathematically founded closed universal formulas for the dept sensing loading curves. These can locate data-fittings in published loading curves, handle peculiarities like initial surface effects, pop-ins, gradients, pile-ups and of course phase-transition onset and transformation energies. The errors from the ISO-ASTM 14577 standardisations are extremely large and further increased by their false attribution of "equivalent" cone angles to the pyramids for decreasing computer times in simulations. We replace the wrong exponent 2 on depth h versus normal force FN instead of correctly 3/2 for cones and pyramids, and deduce the variable R/h containing correction factor for spheres. We define the physical indentation hardness and the physical indentation modulus instead of iterated ISO-H and ISO-"Young's" modulus Er. Spherical indentations are compared with anvil pressurizations.

    The very precisely calculated applications cover all kinds of materials technology, solid-state chemistry, mineralogy, biology, earth crust geology. Actually, all applicants have to be aware of a multitude of not general and extremely complicated multiple simulation schemes and fitting formulas, but that requirement is now removed thanks undeniable calculation rules.  And there arise liability problems against uneducated students and in the case of catastrophic failures of technical materials (crashes of airliners, bridges, buildings, earth quakes, commodities, etc). Not criticised is ISO 14577 valuable high-level standardization for correct experimentation. But properly revised indentation analyses remain a very important fast characterization technique for all kinds of solid materials. Depth-sensing indentations become even more important by this E-Book, despite the deplorable present situation by unappreciated physical correctness.

  • Research Perspective on Biological Science Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of biological science. The contributions by the authors include sensory optimization, traditional cuisine, nutritional quality, anthelmintic efficacy, ethno-veterinary, faecal egg count reduction, green-lipped mussels, animal protein, fish diversity, water quality, gastrocnemius muscle histomorphology, chabro chicken, chemical communication, preorbital gland openings, white-footed antelopes, biochemical oxygen demand, nephelometric turbidity units, limnological assessments, most probable number, mosquito-borne diseases, integrated vector management, disease transmission, genetic control technologies, parasitic infections, fishborne zoonotic diseases, aquatic leeches, proliferative kidney disease, nutritional diet, fish consumption, cooking methods. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of biological science.

  • Current Overview on Science and Technology Research Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of Science and Technology. The contributions by the authors include international terrorism, environmental disasters, pandemic outbreak, financial statement fraud, relational trend analysis, financial ratios, beneish model, horizontal analysis, vertical analysis, teaching method, class evaluation, online teaching, teaching platforms, international course, social media, education, TEL literature, twitter, classroom, paper and  paperboard, corrugation board, board properties, photocatalysis, visible light, crystal lattice, hetero junction, charge separation, buoyancy parameters, thermal radiation, suction parameter, magnetic field, finite difference scheme, forest fire, artificial intelligence, ubiquitous GIS, natural hazard,  recycling, bituminous mix, asphalt,  density, bitumen content, industry 4.0, industrial internet of things, HTTP filtration appliance, and digitalization of enterprise. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Science and Technology.

  • Correlation of Microvessel Density with Tumor Characteristics and Prognostic Factors in Breast Carcinoma

    The content of this book is original research work done by me in which all the innovative and standard traditional methods were used for the study in the step wise manner is mentioned with excellent review of literature and discussions. It would be useful as a knowledge importing book as well as reference book not only for the research scholers of pathology department as well as for the other branches of medicine.

    It will make an excellent addition to the library of research institutes for the trainees and experts. Iam certain it will find wide acceptance and use by the medical fraternity.

  • Innovations in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of Microbiology and Biotechnology. The contributions by the authors include syphilis, laboratory tests, genomic expression analysis, single cell, rotavirus, genotypes, vaginal microflora, reproductive diseases, opportunistic pathogens, bacterial population, mushroom, basidiocarp, basidiomycotina, mycelium, basidiospores, vegetable oil spill, bioremediation, bacteria artificial chromosome, and cassava mosaic disease. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Microbiology and Biotechnology.

  • Medical Science: Recent Advances and Applications Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of medical science. The contributions by the authors include iridodialysis repair, four-throw method, pupilloplasty, sewing machine technique, pediatric mandibular fracture, road traffic accident, intermaxillary fixation, inflammatory arthritis, progressive joint destruction, rheumatoid arthritis, virtual assistants, healthcare technology, clinical decision-making, case-based simulations, medical education,  urinary tract infections, gram-negative bacteria, materno-foetal outcome, caesarean section, respiratory muscle training, expiratory muscle strength, forensic medicine, postmortem imaging, forensic DNA analysis, robotic-assisted postmortem biopsy, next-generation sequencing, neurorehabilitation outcomes, acquired brain injury, psycho-social interventions, cutaneous lupus, negative anti-DsADN, hepatitis C virus, congenital heart disease, atrial septal defect, cardiac malformations, urological emergencies, hydronephrosis, nephrolithiasis, siddha varmam therapy, plantar fasciitis, energy medicine, pain management, colorectal cancer, GNAS gene mutations, cancer-specific survival, microsatellite instability. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of medical science.

  • Towards Wavelet Based Video Codec

    New video codecs have been developed since 1980 which yield low data rate while maintaining the fidelity of raw video data. Usually videos are stored in general purpose computers and in many handheld devices.  When a raw video data is stored in those devices, it requires tremendous amount of space. Hence, video compression is the topic of interest and importance. Compression methods fall into two categories: lossy and lossless methods. Compression efficiency achieved by sacrificing the quality of the image and video content is called lossy compression. In some applications, the preservation of the original data is more important than compression efficiency; this is the area of lossless compression. Hence this book focuses on lossy compression. Further, it is perceived that motion estimation and compensation consumes much computation time. Hence, an attempt is made to eliminate the need for motion estimation and compensation and obtained successful results. In this book, a wavelet based Temporal to Spatial Redundancy (T2SR) video codec is designed for compressing low data rate videos. To reduce computation time, the video codec converts the temporal redundancy into spatial redundancy which is then transformed using a bi-orthogonal wavelet transform and encoded using powerful Set Partitioning In Hierarchical Trees (SPIHT) encoder. The performance of Wavelet Based Video Codec (WBVC) is compared with the enhanced H.264/AVC and with the other existing video codecs. It is proved that WBVC method reduces computation time with negligible loss in video quality data rate.

  • Chemical and Materials Sciences: Research Findings Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of chemical and materials sciences. The contributions by the authors include ceramic membranes, oil-water separation, calcium fluoride powder, controlled drug delivery, poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA), activated carbon, nitrite ions, temperature-programed decomposition, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, avocado oil, electrocoagulation technique, treatment process, adsorption isotherms, metal working fluid, zinc oxide nanoparticles, gram-negative bacteria, spectral characterizations, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, chitosan derivative, bed depth service time, acid mine drainage, tensile strength, plastic packaging, biodegradable polymers, chitosan, wood-plastic composites, waste wood biomass, pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, wood processing wastewater. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of chemical and materials sciences.

  • Current Innovations in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of Medicine and Medical Science. The contributions by the authors include hypertension, cardiovascular disease, lifestyle, cerebro vascular disease, trace evidence, crime scene investigation, COVID-19 vaccine, pediatric myocarditis, pediatric pericarditis, mRNA vaccine, hypomagnesemia, diabetes mellitus, graves’ disease, thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor, major histocompatibility complex class ii, genomic DNA, experimental animal models, pain, therapeutic efficacy, vas score, transdermal, sickle cell disease, haemolysis, vaso occlusive crisis, nano medicine, squamous papilloma, carcinoma urinary bladder, endometriosis, cytokine, interleukin, immunological marker, single nucleotide polymorphism, biomarkers of oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, preeclampsia, forensic odontology, criminal investigation, autoimmune hepatitis, hepatitis A, antibodies, obesity,  chronic disease, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumours, surgery, lung cancer, clinical mentorship, and human immunodeficiency virus. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Medicine and Medical Science.

  • Science and Technology: Developments and Applications Vol. 10

    This book covers key areas of science and technology. The contributions by the authors include energy performance indicator, specific energy consumption, gold mining, intelligent electronic devices, real-time simulators, role-based access control, protective relays, Johansen model, photovoltaic energy prediction, moiré pattern amplitude, image quality assessment, modulation transfer function, bulletproof vest technology, ballistic resistance, shear thickening fluid, back face deformation measurement, hybrid protection systems, electronic-protesting, online social networks, civil society, endoscopic surgery, precision tools, patient-centred care, ergonomic design, convective boundary conditions, Newtonian casson fluid, internal heat generation, thin-layer chromatography, forensic science, RGB Profiling, thin layer chromatograms-image analysis. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of science and technology.

  • Techniques and Innovation in Engineering Research Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of Engineering Research. The contributions by the authors include Linear Frequency Modulated signal, Nonlinear Frequency Modulated waveforms, doppler effect, ambiguity function, Threshold voltage, body bias, MOSFET, channel length, Leakage current, Metal Oxide Silicon Field Effect Transistors,  subthreshold voltage, Automation, Gas Tunnel Kiln, relay logics,  Variable Frequency Drives, Stilling basin, hydraulic jump, energy dissipator,  spillway, Wireless communication, spectrum efficiency, MIMO technology, massive MIMO, Distribution Generation, Ant Colony Optimization, power losses, optimization, Thermal shield, spacecraft, thermal stress, anisotropy, gas flow, thermal deformation, Laser-induced fluorescence, oil pollution, marine fuel, bilge water,  machine learning, and  unmanned aerial vehicle. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Engineering Research.

  • Disease and Health: Research Developments Vol. 10

    This book covers key areas of disease and health. The contributions by the authors include pain management, nociceptive pain, non-pharmacological treatments, virtual autism, autism spectrum disorders, parental guidance, play-based learning, catheter-associated urinary tract infections, candida species, osteoarthritis management, non–surgical treatments, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, oxidative stress, antioxidant capacity, photobiomodulation, Alzheimer's disease, amyloid-beta (A\(\beta\)) plaques, low-level light therapy, urinary antigen test, direct fluorescent antibody, Legionnaires’ disease, MIP gene, primary mediastinal carcinoid tumour, neuroendocrine tumours, large non-enhancing cystic lesion, urinary tract infection, fungal infection, systemic sepsis, urethral catheterization, antibiotic therapy, burn injury, chronic pelvic pain, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, tricyclic antidepressants, physiotherapy management, hepatic complications, antiretroviral therapy, people living without HIV, nanoparticle tracking analysis, zetaview tracking analysis. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of disease and health.

  • Current Aspects in Business, Economics and Finance Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of Business, Economics and Finance. The contributions by the authors include women participation, decision making, socio-economic condition,  agricultural finance, financial inclusion, sustainable finance, economic growth, export, import, poverty, pro-poor growth measurement, high-performance business systems, human resource management, milk product dairy cost, COVID-19, stock market,  wavelet coherence, market share, quadratic mappings, monofractality, broken symmetry of translation of equilibria, multifractal system, and  qualitative data. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Business, Economics and Finance.

  • Language, Literature and Education: Research Updates Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of language, literature and education. The contributions by the authors include learning action cells, social learning theory, educational technology, elementary education, cumulative inequality theory, learning difficulties, Montessori method, project-based learning, interactive technology, health professional education, knowledge retention, cost-effectiveness analysis, budgeting, early childhood education, comparative education, developmentally appropriate practice, educator training, digital inclusion, teachers' beliefs, motivational strategies, instructional practices, mathematics education, self-determination theory, expectancy-value theory, secondary school improvement programme, division of revenue act, STEM education, learner engagement, sustainability. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of language, literature and education.

  • Municipal Solid-Waste Management

    In recent days, the municipal solid waste management has became a challenging and critical task to the world wide urban authorities due to the increased population and consumerism. The varieties of solid waste are increasing and posing a severe pollution problems on the land resources. The availability of landfills are decreasing and imposing a threat on the surrounding environmental resources. Proper knowledge on the solid waste segregation, treatment procedures reduces the impacts on humans and environment. Therefore, this book is timely in bringing together the municipal solid waste compositions and characterization, .their collection, transportation and treatment procedures to achieve sustainable waste management.

    Thus the first part of the book (Chapter-1) deals with solid waste introduction and their types; the second part (Chapters-2) concerns the components and characterization of municipal solid waste, the third part (Chapters-3) concerns the collection and transportation procedures of solid waste, and the last part (Chapters-4) focuses on treatment and disposal methods of municipal solid waste and their environmental aspects.

    I am deeply grateful to faculty and reviewers who have suggested changes for this book. We strongly believe that this book will greatly catalyze research in this key field in the forthcoming years for the benefit of our Society. Have a nice read!

  • Microbiology and Biotechnology Research: An Overview Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of microbiology and biotechnology. The contributions by the authors include pathogenic microorganism, nutritive value, HPLC analysis, resin extract, xylanase producers, sustainable renewable fuels, biotechnological potential, actinomycetes, forensic entomology, death time estimation, collection of entomological evidence, stable isotope analysis, water treatment, biofilm formation, disinfectants, diffusion gel techniques, multidrug resistant, development of new antibiotics, intensive care unit, american-type culture collection, antimicrobial medications, cell membrane-mineral, immunogenicity, montmorillonite coated with chitosan, water-soluble chitosan derivatives, genomic DNA extraction protocols, DNA purification, prostate cancer, enzymatic method, benign prostatic hyperplasia, DNA tandem repeats, epigenetics, Boolean algebra, program lineages, epigenomic molecular mechanisms, satDNA sequences, cytosine methylation, enantiomorphism, transketolase-like 1 gene, intracellular trafficking, cell cortex partitioning, embryo divisions, translating genetic codes, transposable element. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of microbiology and biotechnology.

  • Research Highlights in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of Agricultural Sciences. The contributions by the authors include fertilizer recommendation, theoretical maximum yield, actual yield, planting material, nursery, net return, indigenous knowledge, regeneration, sedentary pastoralism, woody plants, soil organizations, systemic modeling of soil water, soil hydrostructural characterization, soil pedostructure, pedostructural water, soil green water, hydrostructural pedology laboratory, soil hydrostructural properties, pre-harvest, fruit drop, corn production, monoculture,  cowpea cultivation, micronutrients, path analysis, quality traits, variability, wheat growth, pastoralism, agricultural land, livelihood system, ladies finger production, cost of cultivation, and input-output ratio. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Agricultural Sciences.

  • Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 13

    This book covers key areas of medical science. The contributions by the authors include medical training, AI-powered simulations, skill development, competency-based education, visual performance, high myopia, high-index lens materials, Abbe number, chromatic aberrations, acute appendicitis, alvarado score, McBurney’s point, clinical scoring systems, appendicitis inflammatory response, genetic polymorphisms, transcription factor 5-like 2 polymorphism, hypoglycaemic effect, type 2 diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes, oral glucose tolerance test, genotyping of rs7903146 and rs12255372 variants, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, brachial plexus injury, rehabilitation protocol, intermittent galvanic stimulation, surgical management, free functional muscle transfer, membrane lipid replacement, gulf war illnesses, detoxification, multi-symptom illnesses, post-exercise muscle healing, blood flow restriction therapy, wearable technology, cryotherapy, muscle recovery cycle, malignant mesenchymal tumors, reactive nodular fibrous pseudotumor, gastrointestinal stromal tumour, fibromatosis, mimicking malignancy, laser doppler flowmetry, cerebro vascular accident, tissue blood flow, electron transport chain, menstrual cycle, psychological distress, religious taboos, salivary gland tumour, pleomorphic adenoma, subclinical hypothyroidism, interscapular brown fat depot, parotid duct, salivary fistula, rabies immune vaccine, post-traumatic stress disorder, case record forms, adverse events, medical history, concomitant medications, angiotensin-converting enzyme, medicinal herbs, Diospyros malabarica, flavonoid contents. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of medical science.

  • Current Innovations in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of Medicine and Medical Science. The contributions by the authors include antibacterial activity, essential oil, medicinal plant, silver nanoparticles, phytochemicals, seeding growth,  agroecosystem, health seeking behaviour,  antibiotic resistance, growth promoters, cerebral infarction, middle cerebral artery occlusion, decompressive hemicraniectomy, ischemic stroke, vascular neurosurgery, breast cancer, bayesian networks, mortality, machine learning, infantile colic, probiotics, gastrointestinal disorders, insulin-like growth factor-i, replacement therapy, quality of life, SARS-CoV-2 epitopes, peptide-sharing, molecular mimicry, cross-reactivity, autoimmunity, vaccines, adverse events, food intake, neuroendocrine mediators, obesity, acute myopathy, lipid-lowering treatments, skeletal  muscle, rhabdomyolysis, extensive tumour profiling, rare cancer therapy, and targeted therapies. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Medicine and Medical Science.

  • Quality Assurance Practices for Transformative Higher Education in Southern Africa

    This book delves into the foundational aspects shaping the quality assurance landscape in Southern Africa's higher education. Post-independence reforms aimed to create inclusive, locally relevant, and development-oriented institutions, addressing inequalities entrenched in the sector. However, socio-economic disparities and political instability have presented barriers to equitable access and adequate quality assurance. Strong governance, leadership, and accountability are vital to ensuring educational quality. Global frameworks such as those from UNESCO, the World Bank, and the African Union have influenced regional practices, encouraging alignment with international standards while addressing local needs. Regional collaborations, such as those led by the Southern African Regional Universities Association, have fostered shared quality assurance initiatives and standards. This highlights the dual focus on academic excellence and the transformation of higher education to meet societal needs. The book also explores how quality assurance practices are implemented and adapted to local socio-cultural and economic contexts, offering policy recommendations for sustainable development. Emphasis is placed on interdisciplinary approaches, equity, curriculum relevance, and technological tools for monitoring and improvement. It advocates for student-centred strategies in curriculum design, prioritizing students' needs and experiences. Themes include policy advocacy, stakeholder engagement, lecturer development, continuous assessment, institutional culture, and the integration of artificial intelligence in quality assurance. The book positions quality assurance as a transformative tool, extending education beyond academic learning to foster critical thinking, sustainable development, and social responsibility. Ultimately, it offers practical guidance to stakeholders, aiming to enhance educational standards, accountability, global competitiveness, and innovation, while addressing the unique challenges of Southern Africa. This contribution seeks to create a robust and dynamic higher education system that aligns with local and global demands.

  • Current Overview on Science and Technology Research Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of Science and Technology. The contributions by the authors include solar energy, DC/DC converter, three-phase inverter, PWM command, MPPT command, electrical network, malfunction detection, power electronics, photovoltaic installation, PVSYST software, electrical grid, renewable energy, day lighting, window sizes, building setbacks,  construction safety, safety management, ultrasound sensor, struck-by hazard, prevention system, early warning system, weighted fuzzy time series methods, ARIMA model, weighted non stationary fuzzy time series, root mean square error, visual graph, symbolic aggregate approximation, shape number, time series, extended sax representation, virtual teams, social norms, team member compliance, digital environment, and communication. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Science and Technology.

  • Health and Environmental Challenges in Food Consumption and Production

    The global food system today stands at the intersection of public health and environmental sustainability, as urbanisation and industrialisation have significantly altered dietary patterns, shifting towards convenience and processed foods. This book, Health and Environmental Challenges in Food Consumption and Production*, explores the complex relationships between modern food choices and their impacts on both human health and the environment. Using an interdisciplinary approach, it integrates insights from nutrition science, public health, environmental studies, and behavioural economics to examine the pathways through which food systems affect people and the planet. The book is organised into five chapters, starting with an overview of the connection between food systems, health, and environmental outcomes. It then explores the public health implications of processed foods, focusing on sodium consumption and its links to non-communicable diseases, with a case study from Thailand on sodium levels in noodle-based soups. The third chapter discusses the environmental costs of modern food production and suggests sustainable alternatives, while Chapter Four analyses urban food behaviours and the rise of convenience culture. The final chapter examines current policies and educational strategies, proposing a vision for healthier, environmentally responsible food systems. This volume is intended for scholars, policymakers, and anyone interested in the future of food, with the hope of inspiring collaborative action and deeper understanding of how food choices influence both individual health and global sustainability.

  • Current Innovations in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of Medicine and Medical Science. The contributions by the authors include gibson's affordance, joint awareness, knee proprioceptive system, knee synergy, instantaneous knee screw, jet ventilation, laser excision,  apnoeic oxygenation, Covid-19, pandemic,  gangrenous cholecystitis, interval cholecystectomy, laparoscopic cholecystostomy, palatal mucosa, adipocytes, lipoma, intra-oral, leukemia,  patient-derived xenografts, gene expression, bioethics, clinical trials, clinical practice, nutrition, vitamins, minerals, immunity, inflammation, echocardiography normative data, m-mode parameters, waldenström’s macroglobulinemia, bing-neel syndrome, orbital involvement, cerebrospinal fluid, myelitis,  recurrent myelitis, cardiac resynchronization therapy, exercise test, heart rate recovery index,  radiation protection, radiography, diagnostic radiology, occupational safety, facial palsy, bilateral bell’s palsy, sinusitis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, vasculitis, anticoagulation, cardiac thrombus, cardio-embolic stroke, and hemorrhagic stroke. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Medicine and Medical Science.

  • Geography, Earth Science and Environment: Research Highlights Vol. 10

    This book covers key areas of geography, earth science and environment. The contributions by the authors include microplastic contamination, human health risk, contamination factor, clayey soils, geoaccumulation index, cocoa agroforestry, household water filter systems, Fourier transform spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, ecological risk index, soil microbial biomass carbon, soil organic carbon, soil microbial nitrogen, arsenic contamination, dust and sand storms, climate variables, bauxite ore, Yercaud hill, laterite ores, geochemical compositions, environmental sustainability practices, hotel industry, environmental management, clay mining, aquatic ecosystems, freshwater ecosystems. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of geography, earth science and environment.

  • Emerging Challenges in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of Agriculture and Food Science. The contributions by the authors include broiler chickens, fish oil, natural killer activity, polyunsaturated fatty acids, pumpkin, shard guard, sponge, food fiber, food shelf-life, spices, herbs, bio-packaging, additives, cocoa production, fermentation, drying, physicochemical characteristics, food quality, maize ear rot disease, mycotoxin, food security, food consumption, food bank, food support, cultural food, and community organizations. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Agriculture and Food Science.

  • The Role of Essential Trace Elements in Cancer

    Trace elements, though present in minute quantities in biological systems, play a fundamental role in various physiological and biochemical processes. These elements are crucial as cofactors for enzymes, influencing metabolic pathways, cellular functions, and overall homeostasis. The significance of trace elements extends beyond their biological necessity, as their imbalances—whether through deficiency or excess—can contribute to various diseases, including cancer.

    This textbook aims to explore the multifaceted roles of trace elements in biological systems, with a particular focus on their association with cancer. The discussion encompasses both essential and non-essential trace elements, examining their involvement in enzymatic reactions, DNA repair mechanisms, immune responses, and oxidative stress regulation. The ability of trace elements to modulate oncogenic pathways and influence tumor progression underscores their importance in understanding cancer etiology and potential therapeutic interventions.

    The exploration of trace elements is not only of academic interest but also holds profound clinical implications. Advances in trace element research may pave the way for novel diagnostic tools and targeted therapies, offering insights into personalized medicine. By integrating existing literature and recent scientific findings, this document strives to provide a comprehensive perspective on the intricate relationship between trace elements and cancer development.

    It is our hope that this compilation serves as a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, and students seeking to deepen their understanding of the role of trace elements in health and disease. By fostering further investigation, we may uncover new avenues for cancer prevention, diagnosis, and treatment through the lens of trace element biology.

    As scientific research continues to evolve, the study of trace elements remains a dynamic and rapidly expanding field. New technologies and analytical techniques are constantly refining our understanding of their biological significance, uncovering intricate molecular interactions and potential therapeutic applications. With this growing knowledge, the future holds promise for improved strategies in disease management, making trace element research an essential component of biomedical advancements.

  • Current Topics on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of Chemistry and Biochemistry. The contributions by the authors include Titanium dioxide, cold spray, high velocity oxy-fuel spray, anodization, high velocity suspension flame spraying, pulsed laser deposition, zinc oxide nanoparticles doped with chlorine, crystallinity, anti-diabetic activity, \(\alpha\)-amylase inhibitors, electrode polarization,  logarithmic derivatives and differences, matching Debye kernels, multivariate apart-together fitting, spectral resolution, symbolic differential operators,  Synthesis, benzothiazole derivatives, heteroaromatic structures, heterocyclic molecules, Hexavalent chromium, hypoglycaemia, glycogenolysis, citric acid cycle, and  electron transport chain. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Chemistry and Biochemistry.

  • Biodegradable Packaging: A Comprehensive Guide to Development, Application and Market Trends in the Agro-Food Sector

    The global imperative to transition toward sustainable practices has driven considerable advancements in biodegradable packaging, particularly in the agro-food sector. The environmental burden imposed by conventional plastic-based packaging necessitates the development of innovative, ecologically responsible alternatives that align with the principles of circular economy and green chemistry. Biodegradable packaging offers a viable solution by integrating renewable resources, optimizing material performance, and minimizing ecological footprints. However, despite its potential, widespread adoption remains contingent upon overcoming numerous technical, regulatory, and economic challenges.

    This book, “Biodegradable Packaging: A Comprehensive Guide to Development, Application and Market Trends in the Agro-Food Sector”, provides an in-depth exploration of the scientific principles, technological advancements, and commercial strategies governing the development and implementation of biodegradable packaging solutions. The work synthesizes interdisciplinary perspectives encompassing polymer science, material engineering, microbiology, food technology, and sustainability sciences to elucidate the fundamental attributes, degradation mechanisms, and functional properties of biodegradable materials. It also critically evaluates the role of biopolymers such as polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), starch-based composites, and other novel biomaterials extracted from agro-food industrial wastes in addressing the limitations of conventional packaging.

    Furthermore, the book delves into the processing technologies, performance assessment methodologies, and environmental impact evaluations essential for optimizing biodegradable packaging applications. Special emphasis is placed on regulatory frameworks, certification standards, and the life cycle analysis (LCA) of biodegradable materials to ensure compliance with industry requirements and environmental policies. Additionally, contemporary market trends, consumer perceptions, and the economic feasibility of biodegradable packaging are discussed to provide insights into the commercial viability and scalability of sustainable packaging solutions.

    Intended for researchers, industry professionals, policymakers, and academics, this book aims to bridge the gap between fundamental research and practical applications. By offering a comprehensive understanding of biodegradable packaging in the agro-food sector, it aspires to facilitate informed decision-making, foster innovation, and contribute to the global transition toward sustainable packaging solutions. It is our hope that this work will serve as a valuable reference for those dedicated to advancing sustainable material science and promoting environmentally responsible packaging technologies.

  • Current Overview on Science and Technology Research Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of Science and Technology. The contributions by the authors include Chromium oxides, thin films, laser synthesis, sensors, thermo-converters,  CO2 storage, Digital Monitoring, SCADA system, Waste materials, demolition wastes, copper slag, e-waste, self-healing, mechanical properties, Supersonic flow, bow shock wave, plasmoid, blast shock wave, shock-wave structure, drag force reduction,  autism aids, multi-agent systems, cognitive computing, fuzzy computing, affective computing, Attentional mechanism, facilitation effect, and cue duration. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Science and Technology.

  • PRECLINICAL VACCINOLOGY

    In continuation with my previous five published vaccinology books:- Vaccine and Vaccine Interference BPI; 2023, Vaccine for biomedics BPI, 2022; Vaccine Technology at A Glance, 2019, Boffin Access, UK; Vaccinology Letters,2016, IISTE, USA and Essays in Vaccinology, CreatSpace, USA. The present book was devoted to” Preclinical Vaccinology”. The classical concept holds by most specialists that the use of vaccines as an immunoprophylactant for infectious communicable diseases is at most. Recent issues in the vaccine world are that vaccines could be of use for prevention and therapy both for infectious and non-infectious diseases in human beings. Vaccinology is ramified into preclinical and clinical. The prerequisite for preclinical and clinical vaccinology is preclinical immunogenicity. The present book covers the vaccines for typical, emerging and re-emerging human infections. Actually, the text was formed from a re-edited and recreated collection of published papers by the author and his coworkers in regional and international journals. The book was intended to be of use to freshman vaccinologists, vaccine researchers and postgraduate immunology students.

  • Research Aspects in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of Arts and Social Studies. The contributions by the authors include aspirants, constituents, democracy, election, higher education,  intergovernmental coordination, big polluters, climate change, civilizations, hyperreality, reality-show, Hunger Games, occupation, migration,  unemployment, indigenous knowledge systems, attitude towards science, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, anxiety towards science, human resource management, competitive advantage, organizational effectiveness, Intentionality, causality, bounded rationality, collective rationality,   social services,  quality management, security dynamics, custody, security function, inmates’ control procedures, and treatment function. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Arts and Social Studies.

  • Research Perspective on Biological Science Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of biological science. The contributions by the authors include feeding deterrence activity, botanical insecticide, natural fibre composites, engineered materials, thermoplastic polymer composites, thermoset polymer composites, amylolytic activities, halophilic archaeon, haloferax mediterranei, nitrogen sources, amylolytic enzymes, acute toxicity effects, malathion, biological markers, acetylcholinesterase, bovine mastitis, subclinical mastitis, infection of the mammary gland, fluorescent in-situ hybridization, loop-mediated isothermal amplification, metallic pollutants, water quality, aquatic health, metal ion load, metal index, biological control, pre-oviposition, post-oviposition, integrated pest management, medicinal plants, air purification capabilities, crassulacean acid metabolism, air pollution tolerance index, soil fertility, nutrient management, soil test-based fertilizer, soil electrical conductivity, farmers' practice, Insecticides, economic injury level, rice gall midge, biotic and abiotic stresses, fish parasites, diversity, fish mortality, new species of nematode. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of biological science.

  • New Trends in Physical Science Research Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of  Physical Science Research.The contributions by the authors include hollow cathode magnetron, ionized physical vapor deposition,Finslerian special relativity, local space anisotropy, transverse doppler effect, Maccari system, space-time continuum,physical system, physical reality, preferred motion direction, CCO film, nano-structured material, gravitation, quantum systems, radioactivity oscillations, alpha decay, beta decay, phase transition, oscillation,artificial snowmaking, evaporative freezing, water droplet, heat and mass transfer, Theory of relation, principle of compensation, two structures, negative EM wavelength of spacetime, zero point fluctuations, electromagnetic wave, MB/PVA thermal properties, heat exchangers, nonlinear oscillators, physical quantity, pacemaker, discrete system, the neural network convolution, metamaterial, split ring resonator, microwave, Plykin-Newhose attractor, hyperbolicity, autonomous physical system, topologic transitive hyperbolic set. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  Physical Science Research

  • Building Nano-Knowledge for Sustainable Lagoon Water Resources Governance

    In the delicate and dynamic context of lagoon ecosystems, the collection and development of policy from the minutest knowledge, often referred to as nano-knowledge, is not only important but essential for achieving effective, sustainable, and context-sensitive governance. The smallest unit of ecological and local knowledge, which is shaped by interactions with our natural environment, lived experiences, observations, and traditions, plays a vital role in developing policies that are both relevant and responsive. It is essential to acknowledge this knowledge as trends in science and technology increasingly focus on replicating experiments to maintain standards, measurements, and protocols that drive innovation. By integrating this rich and valuable nano-ecological knowledge into the scientific process, we can create solutions that are not only innovative but also considerate of the unique environmental contexts of the resources involved. This approach fosters a more holistic understanding that can enhance both scientific advancement and environmental sustainability. The unsustainable nature of current governance has contributed to the degradation of coastal lagoon ecosystems, which poses significant environmental and socio-economic challenges, particularly in regions where human activities intersect with fragile aquatic environments. This study explores the integration of fundamental or nano socio-ecological knowledge with existing governmental systems to promote sustainable water resource governance. Using a mixed-methods approach, 446 stakeholders across four coastal lagoon communities in Ghana and West Africa were surveyed through purposive, convenient, and snowball sampling. Data collection included in-depth interviews, observations, questionnaires, and physicochemical, bacteriological, and macroinvertebrate analyses of water and sediment samples from the lagoons. The findings reveal that key water quality parameters, such as conductivity, salinity, chloride, sodium, and potassium, exceeded recommended limits, while dissolved oxygen levels in some lagoons fell below the threshold necessary to sustain aquatic life. Bacteriological analysis indicated high faecal contamination, and macroinvertebrate assessments confirmed significant ecological degradation, particularly in Sakumo I and Mokwe Lagoons. The study highlights the importance of enhancing the integration of comprehensive data and traditional conservation knowledge into policy-making related to lagoons. By improving the quality and availability of this crucial information, we can better address the challenges facing lagoon environments and promote sustainable development practices. This approach can help mitigate the negative impacts of land reclamation, resort construction, and commercial tidal gate operations, leading to more balanced and environmentally friendly solutions. A theoretical analysis based on Social Cognitive Theory, Evolutionary Governance Theory, and the Socio-Hydrological Framework underscores the complex interplay between human behaviour, governance structures, and ecological resilience. Statistical correlations indicate a weak relationship between formal education and decision-making, highlighting the importance of incorporating localized "nano-knowledge" into governance frameworks. Additionally, demographic factors such as ethnicity, religious beliefs, and years of community residence were found to influence environmental stewardship, aligning with theories of adaptive governance and ecosystem-based management. The study advocates for a constructive, multidisciplinary approach to lagoon governance that harmonizes economic development with ecological preservation. By integrating traditional knowledge systems with scientific research, enhancing community engagement, and strengthening policy enforcement, we can effectively improve resilience and sustain water resources. These findings highlight the importance of developing context-sensitive, participatory governance models that recognize socio-hydrological dynamics and promote the sustainability of lagoon ecosystems. This approach paves the way for a more balanced and inclusive strategy that benefits both the environment and local communities.

  • Research Highlights in Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of Mathematics and Computer Science. The contributions by the authors include Bayes approach, bayes’ method, markov chain monte carlo method, Fuzzy Set , Fuzzy Subring , Fuzzy Normal Subring , Fuzzy Ideal , X-Fuzzy Ideal , Semiprime-factorization, cryptography, PLS regression, latent structure regression, ridge regression, H-principle of mathematical modelling, H-methods,  stochastic perturbations, stochastic dierential equation,  linearization, asymptotic mean square stability, stability in probability, stability regions, glassy-winged sharpshooter population, Recurrent C0-semigroups, subspace-recurrent C0-semigroups, recurrence criteria, recurrent vectors, hypercyclic C0-semigroups, direct sum,  idempotents, integral domain, Fixed point,  game theory, Nash equilibrium, and  code optimization. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Mathematics and Computer Science.

  • New Advances in Business, Management and Economics Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of business, management and economics. The contributions by the authors include corporate financial strategy, renewable energy sources, sustainability-linked loans, public-private partnerships, multilateral development bank, green climate fund, power purchase agreement, financial risk management, securities and exchange commission, dwarf green market, environmentally dirty traditional market, corporate governance and performance, variance inflation factor, rent-to-income ratio, enterprise resource planning, small and medium-sized enterprises, livestock breeding programs, public-private partnerships, information and communication technologies, territorial branding, corporate training program, bio-economic modelling. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of business, management and economics.

  • New Trends in Physical Science Research Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of Physical Science Research. The contributions by the authors include electrostatic generator, asymmetric electrostatic force, charge carrier, asymmetric shape charged conductor, Standard cosmological models, cosmological constant, cold dark matter, Einstein’s postulates, isotropization, Hubble constant, Abnormal acceleration, modified newtonian dynamic, Tully-Fisher relation, redshift, Hubble’s law, dark matter, acceleration of expansion of universe, General Relativity, Gravitational field, gravitational time dilation, gravitational redshift, perihelion of mercury, gravitational deflection of light, Rietveld refinement, dielectric constant, magnetization, antiferromagnetic transition, magnetoelectric coupling, Mathematical formal system of physics theory, concept proliferation, formal space, spatial paradox, negative effect of mathematical formal system, Chebyshev polynomials, lucas symbolic formula, generating functions by operator calculus, Nonlinear dynamic system, cylindrical shock waves, passive and active dispersed media, standing wave, Special Relativistic effect, water's velocity vector, Fresnel's formula, classical physics, Spontaneous Parametric down conversion, quantum mechanics, vortex gas, negative temperature, supercritical vortices, inverse energy cascade, tornadogenesis, tornado maintenance, barotropic vorticity, baroclinic vorticity, thermodynamics, entropy, rear flank downdraft, forward flank downdraft, suction vortices, supercritical vortices, fluid dynamics, boundary layer, breakdown of cyclostrophic balance, Euler equations, turbulence. astrophysics, cosmology, big bang theory. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  Physical Science Research

  • Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 12

    This book covers key areas of medical science. The contributions by the authors include suprasellar craniopharyngioma, endoscopic endonasal approach, foramen magnum, arnold-chiari malformation, plagiocephaly, cranial nerve dysfunctions, thyroideaima artery, necrotizing soft-tissue infection, vacuum-assisted closure, splenic pseudoaneurysm, vascular injuries, carney complex, primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease, left ventricular ejection fraction, trapeziometacarpal joint, dorsal radial ligament, cervical epidural anaesthesia, superior labrum anterior-posterior lesions, frozen shoulder, cerebrospinal fluid, lower segment cesarean section, transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation, breast abscess, picture archiving and communication system, AI-powered simulation, virtual reality, shear-wave elastography, fine-needle aspiration cytology, appendix vermiform, pseudomyxoma peritonei, positron emission tomography, transvaginal sonography, gastric emptying dynamics, glycemic responses. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of medical science.

  • Schroth Therapy Advancements in Conservative Scoliosis Treatment (3rd Edition)

    The first English edition of this book was published in March 20th, 2015. Sadly, my mother and coauthor Christa Lehnert-Schroth did not witness the publication of the first edition of this book. On the 20th March, the day of publication, she suffered a fall and passed away two days later at the age of 90. In gratitude, my coauthors and I would like to dedicate this book to my mother who further developed the three-dimensional scoliosis treatment according to Katharina Schroth and made it accessible to an international audience of specialists.

    After just two years, the release of the second edition has become necessary to capture the current state of scientific knowledge and to present the most recent developments in the area of non-surgical scoliosis treatment.

    It has been almost 4 years since the 2nd edition of this book was published.

    In the meantime, the carousel of science has continued to turn, also in the field of treatment of patients with spinal deformities.

    The current indication guidelines have since been evaluated and adapted to the latest findings. Accordingly, the previous version of the guidelines has also been replaced in this book.

    Chapter 6 (Physiotherapeutic findings) has also been completely revised and adapted to the current state of knowledge. All other chapters have been completely revised as well.

    A new feature is the introduction of QR codes, which lead to videos and to current original papers. This makes this book a multi-media documentation of the subject. It simplifies access to the current basic literature and expands the illustration possibilities beyond simple pictorial representation. We therefore hope that this book will also facilitate entry into the Schroth Best Practice Academy training program.

    The demand for the Schroth Best Practice® program has increased significantly worldwide in the last three years, even if the spread of this program in courses has stagnated somewhat in the last two years due to the Covid pandemic. However, our friends in China have meanwhile held a large number of courses in China again, while in the rest of the world further dissemination is now gaining momentum again in 2022.

    At the same time, numerous centers have been established globally that offer the Schroth Best Practice® compatible Gensingen Brace® (GBW). This success is not just a source of joy, but also drives further development with the goal of discovering even more effective and less burdensome treatment approaches.

    My sincere gratitude extends to the experienced specialists who have established these centers around the world for treating scoliosis patients with the Schroth Best Practice® Program and for supplying the Gensingen Brace®. They have done so with great commitment, personal initiative, and dedication.

    In particular, I thank my remaining coauthors Marc and Kathryn Moramarco for their commitment to this book and for their constant support. I also thank my many patients for the trust they have shown me, as well as for the opportunities to learn from them and with them and to thereby develop the methods presented here.

     

     

     

     

  • Disease and Health: Research Developments Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of disease and health. The contributions by the authors include autism spectrum disorder, sensory issues, Asperger's syndrome, emotional well-being, cancer care services, family support, psycho-oncology, mental health, emotional encouragement, psychosocial functioning, healthcare system, tertiary care, quaternary care, interprofessional collaboration, chronic disease management, economic outcomes, patient-centered care, sustainable economic reimbursement, circadian rhythm disruptions, fetal development, hormonal regulation, irregular work schedules, maternal melatonin supplementation, pleural effusion, dengue hemorrhagic fever, pleuro-pulmonary complications, yoga therapy, cancer-related fatigue, Alzheimer’s disease, insulin receptor, neurotoxicity, leptin receptor, hyper-phosphorylated microtubule, endocrine therapy, breast cancer, DNA methylation, west syndrome, infantile spasm, hypsarrhythmia, epileptic spasms, symptomatic epileptic spasms, cryptogenic epileptic spasms, antenatal history, adaptations syndrome, chromosomal instability, colorectal cancer, DNA methylation. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of disease and health.

  • Current Aspects in Business, Economics and Finance Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of Business, Economics and Finance. The contributions by the authors include time-series models, taxation, consumption and saving, government expenditures, interest rates, monetary policy, fiscal policy, entrepreneurship,   competitive offensive,  Covid-19 pandemic, education entrepreneurs, phenomenology, business strategies, Corporate social responsibility, profitability, telecommunication industry,  Energy self-sufficiency, energy crisis, environmental policies, technological change, energy saving, Segregation, certainty equivalent, utility of gambling,  Energy self-sufficiency, and welfare analysis. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Business, Economics and Finance.

  • Deltopectoral Flap Revisited

    The art of reconstructive surgery is a constantly evolving field, driven by both technical advancements and a deeper understanding of human anatomy. At the core of these innovations is the delicate balance between restoring both the form and function of damaged or lost tissues. Among the many techniques that have revolutionized reconstructive surgery, the deltopectoral flap has remained a cornerstone for decades, providing unparalleled flexibility and efficacy in addressing a range of complex defects, particularly in head and neck reconstruction.

    When first introduced by Beckambijian, the deltopectoral flap was met with cautious optimism. Over time, as surgeons honed their skills and gained a deeper understanding of its anatomical foundations, this procedure became an essential tool for plastic and reconstructive surgeons worldwide. Its ability to harvest tissue from the anterior chest wall, coupled with its dependable blood supply through the thoracoacromial artery, allows for the successful reconstruction of large, difficult-to-repair defects, offering patients the potential for not only survival but also enhanced quality of life. This technique’s legacy speaks to the brilliance of its design and its enduring importance in modern reconstructive surgery.

    However, like any surgical technique, the deltopectoral flap is not immune to evolution. Surgeons and researchers continue to refine, adapt, and optimize its use in response to new challenges, patient needs, and technological advances. "Deltopectoral Flap Revisited" seeks to provide an updated and comprehensive exploration of this technique—its history, current applications, and future directions—by revisiting the foundational principles that made it a success while examining the ways it has been adapted and refined over time. This book serves as both a tribute to the past and a roadmap for the future, exploring the current state of knowledge and practice, as well as the new frontiers that will shape the technique in the years to come.

  • Current Advances in Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences. The contributions by the authors include Surface sediments, heavy metals, geo-chemical speciation,  IRS-IB, lineament, palaeo channel, fabric elements, Integral waste processing, analytical hierarchical processes, multicriteria evaluation, Community-based disaster risk reduction, evacuation formation, pedestrian-based tsunami evacuation, tsunami, The Hongguleleng Manto-type Cu deposit, C-O isotope, S-Pb isotope, Ore genesis, Oil pollution, Biogas, firewood, charcoal, social cultural factors, Global Warming, carbon dioxide, water vapour, climate sensitivity, rainfall, Atmospheric aerosols, twilight photometer, clouds, junge layer, passive remote sensing,  toxicity assessment, and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences.

  • New Ideas Concerning Arts and Social Studies Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of arts and social studies. The contributions by the authors include urban planning, churches proliferation, residential properties, traffic congestion, self-awareness, metacognition, emotion growth, metacognitive skills, e-payment systems, technology adoption model, online transactions, government electronic payment gateway system, cyber criminals, noise pollution, dental education, acoustic discomfort, noise preventive instruments, job satisfaction, physiological needs, working conditions, Herzberg's two-factor theory, hygiene factors, self-neglect, healthy aging, Abrams geriatric self-neglect scale, constitutional norms, administrative law, dictatorship, behavior-based safety, human vulnerabilities, corporate social responsibility, small and medium-sized enterprises, Lagos crime prevention, evolutionary psychology, social support. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of arts and social studies.

  • Emerging Trends in Disease and Health Research Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of Disease and Health Research. The contributions by the authors include Lichen planus, papulosquamous, flexural, lichenoid eruptions, pigmentation, Cardio respiratory fitness, Body Mass Index , Promotion of lifestyle modification, health disparity, hypertension, social cognitive theory, exercise guidelines, benefits of exercise, injuries with exercise, Neonatal anemia, Red Blood Cell Transfusions, transfusion dilemma, organizational self-efficacy, organizational self-esteem, occupational self-esteem, occupation self-efficacy, SARS-CoV-2, respiratory syndrome, pandemic, health emergency, chagas disease, sexual transmission, mouse model system, vertical transmission, diagnosis,  Alzheimer’s disease, Stem cell, Beta-Amyloid, neural stem cells, aging, exosomes, induced pluripotent stem cells, Rational drug use, Antibiotic,  Post-intervention, Hypertension-related knowledge,  life-style practices, hypertensive patients, Mirror therapy, electroencephalography, stroke, Thermometer,  body temperature, fever, sensitivity, specificity, artificial intelligence, and  decision tree. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Disease and Health Research.

  • Agricultural Sciences: Techniques and Innovations Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of agricultural sciences. The contributions by the authors include genetic improvement, sheep farming, economic sustainability, socio-economic constraints, potato farming, minimum tillage systems, tractor-mounted potato digger elevator, automatic potato planter, intercrop, DNA fingerprinting, nutrient composition, soil protection, soil microorganisms, nutrient cycling, contamination of groundwater, microbial activities, low organic matter, soil fertility maintenance, crop performance, intra-row spacing, crop insurance schemes, government disaster relief, premium rates, claim settlements, soil fertility dynamics, agricultural expansion, atomic absorption spectrometer, cationic exchange capacity, agricultural productivity, soil nutrient deficiency, machine learning, internet of things, transitional probability matrix, farmer producer organisation. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of agricultural sciences.

  • Innovative Solutions and Performance Assessment of Green Roofs - Materials, Technology Aspects and Building Passive Cooling

    Over the past half century, building and city models adopted are not practicable and usable anymore, since they have been built with a disregard of nature and, therefore, it is important to find solutions to adapt or to mitigate the effects of higher temperatures and to address urban challenges. The building sector typically contributes to at least 30–40% of both energy consumption and carbon emissions in most countries. Designing sustainable energy-efficient buildings is the main goal of world environmental policies for reducing the carbon footprint from the building sector. This context calls for zero-impact or at least low-impact technical solutions in conceiving the building envelope. Since most cities show space constraints, in the general field of green infrastructures, green roofs could play a major role because, in addition to the several social, economic, public health, and environmental benefits, they can help to improve building thermal performance, especially in summer, and to optimize urban stormwater management. Nonetheless, some limits still affect the energy modeling and environmental and economic analyses of these components and green roofs must be adapted to local conditions and included in urban green infrastructure plans to mitigate climate change.

  • Science and Technology: Developments and Applications Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of science and technology. The contributions by the authors include spam detection, artificial neural networks, false positive rate, true positive rate, web security reputation, fuzzy decision trees, wooden charcoal, carbon capture and utilization, carbon capture system, bidirectional long short-term memory, diagnostic reference levels, bandwidth management, internet of things, dynamic host configuration protocol, federated learning, genomic research, putrescine bisamides, pristine polyolefins, thermal transport mechanisms, wind energy, renewable energy sector, gross local product, water quality, electrical conductivity, redox potential, total dissolved solids, air traffic, long-range dependence, quality of services, long range dependence, bio hydrogen production, suspended growth reactor, stirred tank reactor configuration, pharmaceutical wastewater treatment, historic-eco city, Nguyen dynasty, Hue ancient capital city. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of science and technology.

  • Innovations in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of Microbiology and Biotechnology. The contributions by the authors include foot-and-mouth disease, large ruminants, aphthovirus, Johne’s disease, paratuberculosis, polymerase chain reaction, DM Collins PCR-polymerase chain reaction, combinational test, chequer board assay, bactericidal effect, Nanoparticles, McFarland method, bio inhibition, plant extracts, synthetic fungicide, cocoyam, metabolic engineering, phenolic compounds, microbiomes. secondary metabolites, pharmaceuticals, persistent organic pollutants, biodegradation, nanotechnology, Protease, chicken feather agro-waste, microbial hydrolysis, keratinolytic bacteria, Mammalian cell culture, bacterial contamination, 16S rDNA sequencing, antibiotic treatment, antimicrobials, microsomal enzymes, organic chemistry. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of   Microbiology and Biotechnology.

  • Pharmaceutical Science: New Insights and Developments Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of pharmaceutical science. The contributions by the authors include herbal gel, fruits extract, medicinal properties, skin irritation, 1,3,4-thiadazoles, pharmacological activities, antibacterial activity, tobacco mosaic virus model, thiadiazole rings, fast-dissolving tablets, levocetirizine dihydrochloride, in-vitro dispersion time, FTIR analysis, bortezomib, multiple myeloma, ubiquitin proteasome system pathway, anti-tumor activity, HPLC chromatograms, messenger RNA vaccines, vaccine adverse event reporting system, psychotropic drugs, COVID-19 vaccine, peptic ulcer, gastroesophageal reflux disease, boron glycerolates, metformin, pancreatic damage, herbal oncology, reactive oxygen species, Alzheimer’s disease, neuropharmacology, flower petal extract, neurogenic potential. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of pharmaceutical science.

  • Recent Trends in Chemical and Material Sciences Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of Chemical and Material Sciences. The contributions by the authors include lead glass, cobalt blue, Molecular dynamics, point defects, planner defects, Hot tearing susceptibility, pouring temperature, mold temperature, grain refiner, Titanium metal matrix composites, powder metallurgy, hardness, wear rate, corrosion properties, biocompatibility, Nanoparticles, Saturation magnetization, anisotropy constant , Field Emission Gun Scanning electron microscopy, Ti6Al4V alloy, roughness, electrophoretic deposition, nano hydroxyapatite, taguchi design, TiO2 nanoparticles , Polyaniline , nanocomposites, hydrogen plasma, solar cells, Printed Circuit Heat Exchanger , Straight Microchannel, shapes of nanoparticles, boehmite alumina, Aluminium oxide, Titanium dioxide , Ultraviolet Activation, PAni-TiO2 nanocomposite films, electrical conductivity, Salt contamination, rising dampness, building defects, crystallization, Topological insulators, density functional theory, quantum computing, and  thermoelectric materials. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Chemical and Material Sciences.

  • Engineering Research: Perspectives on Recent Advances Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of engineering research. The contributions by the authors include seismic response, response spectrum analysis, consortium of organizations for strong-motion observation systems, reinforced concrete, electronic voting machines, intelligent transport system, application-specific integrated circuits, field-programmable gate array, computational fluid dynamics, equivalent circulating density, thermoelectric generator, waste heat energy, internal combustion engine, masonry structure, planar vault, symmetrical voussoirs, dynamic interaction analysis, soil-structure interaction, open-type exchanger, adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system, Direct-contact exchanger, abutment-layered soil system. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of engineering research.

  • Emerging Challenges in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of Agriculture and Food Science. The contributions by the authors include Donkey milk  cheese, Mares Milk Cheese, camel milk  cheese,  Textural characteristics, bread, cassava inclusion, piercing, tearing, Nanotechnology, smart agriculture, biostimulant, food security, postharvest quality, biofortification, Canthaxanthin, hen egg yolk, solid-phase extraction mini-cartridge, High-performance liquid chromatography, Cocoa, vinegar, fermentation methods, pulp liquids, Lycopene, White bean, rheological properties,  nutrition values, minerals,  Antioxidant enzymes, salinity, salt stress, spinach, leaves extracts,  Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power Assay, phytochemical analysis, Fresh double cream cheese, clove essential oil, antimicrobial activity, antioxidant stability, Chicken nuggets, chicken wings, shellfish, Milk fat, phospholipids, cholesterol, Cereal grains, prebiotics, beverages,  probiotic yoghurts, nutritional value, and  sensory properties. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Agriculture and Food Science.

  • Medical Science: Recent Advances and Applications Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of medical science. The contributions by the authors include cryotherapy, post-endodontic pain, visual analogue scale, surgical extractions, intraoral radiography, thin film transistor, complementary metal oxide semiconductor, image receptors, progesterone receptor, estrogen receptor, human immunodeficiency virus, growth hormone deficiency, abdominal hysterectomy, patient-specific functional scale, knee extensor lag, musculoskeletal rehabilitation, intra-articular adhesions, joint contracture, cerebral palsy, pediatric evaluation of disability inventory, botulinum toxin type-a, gastroesophageal reflux disease, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, congenital mesoblastic nephroma, spontaneous vertex delivery, rotator cuff tear, magnetic resonance imaging, positive predictive value, multiple renal infarctions, renal artery dissection, magnetic resonance angiography, abdominal flank pain, nasopharyngeal swab, agglomerative clustering techniques, k-means clustering, nuclear medicine imaging, vaccine-derived poliovirus, poliomyelitis virus, acute flaccid paralysis, supplementary immunization activities, autologous platelet-rich plasma, epidermal growth factor, fibronectin, posttraumatic stress disorder, psychotherapy, transcranial magnetic stimulation, infant massage, postpartum depression, abdominal gunshot injury, computerized tomography, non-operative management. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of medical science.

  • New Horizons in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of Medicine and Medical Research. The contributions by the authors include Ocular problem, senile cataract,  STI patients, Stem cells, wound healing, cancer therapy, posterior uveitis, Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritic, Human Papillo MAVIRUS DNA, human breast cancer,  Presepsin, sepsis severity, procalcitonin, C-reactive protein,  Down syndrome, klinefelter syndrome, pre-natal diagnosis, sex chromosome abnormality, triple x syndrome, turner syndrome, anxiety, stress, Karyotypes,  behavioural abnormalities, mental retardation, Artificial intelligence, cervical cancer, thyroid cancer, Magnetic resonance imaging, Computed Tomography, Medical image analysis, deep learning models, Glioma, survivin, Bcl-2 protein, apoptosis, malignancy, glial cell tumor, anti-apoptotic, Chlamydia trachomatis, Alveolar capillary dysplasia, diffuse lung disease, interstitial lung disease , and irreversible pulmonary hypertension. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Medicine and Medical Research.

  • A Complete Guide to Writing Research Projects for Nursing, Rehabilitation, Healthcare Scholars and Professionals

    A team of scholars with expertise in nursing, rehabilitation, and related life sciences has developed this guide to simplify the research process while maintaining academic depth and practical relevance. It provides a structured yet flexible approach to scientific writing, breaking down complex concepts into more accessible and manageable components.

    The guide follows a progressive structure, with each section building on the previous one to ensure a coherent understanding of the research cycle, from conceptualisation to dissemination. The content is concise yet comprehensive, presenting essential research principles without overwhelming the reader.

    Designed for a broad audience, this guide caters to both beginners seeking a strong foundation in research and experienced scholars or practitioners in need of a quick reference. Students and early-career researchers will find it a valuable tool for revisiting key concepts, while academics and industry professionals can use it for instruction or targeted guidance on specific research activities.

    Unlike resources that focus on isolated aspects, this guide provides an integrated approach, covering the entire research cycle from developing a research idea to effectively communicating findings. Concepts are presented in a logical sequence, reinforced with practical examples and exercises to enhance comprehension and real-world application. Furthermore, the guide promotes critical thinking by encouraging readers to assess research design and literature analytically, fostering a deeper appreciation of scientific inquiry. It also acknowledges the financial dimensions of research, offering insights into budgeting and funding strategies crucial for successful project execution.

    By equipping readers with essential methodological skills, this guide empowers them to design and conduct research effectively. It provides clear guidance on scientific writing and reporting while cultivating a critical approach to evaluating research literature. Through outlining core principles and methodologies, it establishes a strong foundation for academic and professional growth in health sciences.

    As a self-contained resource, this guide enhances competency in scientific inquiry and communication. It is my hope that readers will find it both insightful and practical, enabling them to refine their research skills and make meaningful contributions to their respective fields.

  • Arterial Variations in Upper and Lower limbs: An Aid to Vascular Surgeons

    Anatomy is foundation of Medical Education and all medical branches have evolved from Anatomy. No two individuals are alike. So, structures be it artery, vein, nerve, organs, muscles and bones also vary from individuals to individuals. These variations are source of failure cases during surgical procedures. If surgeon is unaware of these variations, it lead to fatal complications including heaping of litigations. So, attempt is being made to consolidate all arterial variations of upper and lower limbs in this monograph. The information enshrined in this monograph will of utmost use to vascular surgeons and radiologists. The application of anatomical knowledge of the arterial system is important to clinical practitioners requiring access to available sites for investigations, procedures or clinical examination. The increasing reliance upon high-tech diagnostics and other clinical examination skills to professions supplementary to medicine may fail to take into account various anatomical changes in peripheral pulses particularly when they are notoriously difficult to identify reliably. This monograph will be of pragmatic importance to both academicians and clinicians especially vascular surgeons.

  • Medical Science: Recent Advances and Applications Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of medical science. The contributions by the authors include thyrotoxic periodic paralysis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, oral surgery, cone-beam computed tomography, intraoral scanners, mandibular fracture, pediatric trauma, intermaxillary fixation, acute myeloblastic leukemia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, oral malignant melanoma, pigmented lesion, orthopantomogram, fluorodeoxyglucose, localized prostate cancer, serum prostate specific antigen, 5-alpha reductase inhibitors, amoebic liver abscess, progeria, stiff skin syndrome, neurodegeneration, ophthalmic manifestations, Dravet syndrome, developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, whole-exome sequencing, flowcytometry, minimal residual disease, ventral hernia, totally extraperitoneal repair technique, aberrant expression detection, immunologic abnormalities. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of medical science.

  • New Horizons in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of  Medicine and Medical Research. The contributions by the authors include pregnancy, RBC indices, thyroid dysfunction, overt hypothyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism, euthyroid, preeclampsia, asymptomatic bacteriuria, Hypothyroidism, thyroid dysfunction, thyroid stimulating hormone, cytotoxicity, heavy metals, ayurvedic method of detoxification, ayurveda medication, chronic illnesses, dying distress intervention, breast cancer, choriocapillaris flow, deep vascular plexus, foveoretinal detachment, high myopia, myopic foveoschisis, foveal avascular zone, myopic macular degeneration, myopic macular hole, myopic macular hole associated retinal detachment, myopic traction maculopathy, superficial vascular plexus, vessel density, coronary heart disease, hypercholesterolemia, low-density lipoprotein, nudge,  coronary artery disease, low density protein, ductal carcinoma, bleeding disorders, dental treatment, oral health, strongyloidiasis, gastritis, immunohistochemistry, human papillomaviruses. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  Medicine and Medical Research.

  • Oscillations and Waves in Viscoelastic Media with Inclusions

    Strong earthquakes that have occurred in recent years have shown that both underground and above-ground structures are destroyed by earthquakes. There are a large number of underground tunnels of various shapes located in seismically active areas that need to be protected from seismic impacts. Therefore, the development of methods for assessing the seismic impacts of underground structures and tunnels is an urgent problem at present. A significant amount of literature is devoted to determining the stress-strain state of underground structures using wave dynamics methods.

    The propagation of elastic waves in multiply connected regions (in the case of a plane problem, this is a plane or a half-plane with several cavities) is determined by the effects of diffraction on the cavities and interference of diffracted waves. The solution of these problems requires, first of all, the use of wave dynamics methods, since the interference effects that make the main contribution to the dynamic stress state of a multiply connected region cannot be taken into account in other ways. For the purposes of this paper, solutions to such problems are of considerable interest, since they reduce the problems of determining the seismic stress state of systems of closely located workings, which are often encountered in hydraulic engineering. These can be several parallel water conduit lines, a complex of rooms in a building, or an underground structure. The monograph is devoted to the analysis of problems on the dynamic stress state of multiply connected regions during the propagation of elastic waves. The paper considers the effect of harmonic waves on a cylindrical shell located in a viscoelastic half-plane. The main objective of the study is to determine the stress-strain state of a cylindrical shell under the influence of harmonic waves. The main equation of viscoelasticity in displacements with the corresponding boundary conditions is obtained. The problem is solved in the mixed potentials that satisfy the wave equation with complex parameters. The solution is expressed through the special Bessel and Hankel functions. As a result of multiple reflection, a system of algebraic equations with complex coefficients is obtained. In the future, this system is solved by the Gauss method with the allocation of the main element. The analytical solution is obtained in infinite series, the convergence of which is studied numerically. Numerical results are obtained on the MATLAB software package. The reliability of the obtained research results is confirmed by good agreement with theoretical and experimental results and those obtained by other authors. The monograph consists of eleven chapters. The first chapter provides a review of the literature. The remaining chapters solve the problems of diffraction and interaction of waves with bodies of various shapes.

  • Recent Advances in Mathematical Research and Computer Science Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of  Mathematical Research and Computer Science. The contributions by the authors include relay protection, digital system, ide-area monitoring and control system, local information network, hardware and software reliability and availability, traffic availability, Euler approximation, uniform, error, bound, estimates, stochastic, functional, differential equations, near-duplicate detection, near-duplicates, approximate duplicates, clustering, data mining applications and discovery, data cleaning, complete chaos synchronization, contraction mapping theorem, synchronization threshold, discrete-time dynamical system, synchronized cycles, rime numbers, composite numbers, optical solitons, fractional derivatives, fractional Noether´s theorem, Sub division graph, end edge dominating set, end edge domination numbers, split domination number, deterministic finite automaton, synchronizing word, Cerny conjecture, Weierstrass transform, Weber’s parabolic cylinder function, convergent integral. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Mathematical Research and Computer Science

  • Chemical and Materials Sciences: Research Findings Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of chemical and materials sciences. The contributions by the authors include Diels-alder reactions, cyclodextrin catalysts, inclusion complex, inverse-electron demand Diels-alder, electron-drawing group, tetrahedral N4 molecules, Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics, high-energy density materials, detonation velocity and pressure, non-alcoholic drink, sensory attributes of zobo-drink, shelf-life, roselle extract, T6 heat-treated AlSi1MgMn alloy, metal matrix composites, precipitation hardening, wear resistance, yttria-stabilized zirconia, graphite-molybdenum brazed joints, brazing filler metal, chromium carbides precipitate, metallographic examinations, zirconium-palladium system alloys, diatomic beryllium molecule, internuclear separation, Douglas-Kroll-Hess relativistic corrections, vibration-rotation spectrum, ferromanganese slag, perchloric acid leaching, hydrochloric acid media, plant-based activated carbons, cobalt and strontium removal, adsorption mechanisms, mathematical models, radioactive metals. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of chemical and materials sciences.

  • New Horizons in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of  Medicine and Medical Research. The contributions by the authors include neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, breast malignancy, biomarkers, breast cancer, anesthesia, gonadal dysgenesis, ultrasonography, vas deferens, neoplastic transformation, magnetic resonance Imaging, rosai dorfman’s histiocytosis, lymphadenopathy, hemoptysis, bronchial artery embolization, type II diabetes, bilateral oophorectomy, lower third facial fracture, mid facial fracture, open reduction and internal fixation, pan-facial trauma, superolateral dislocation of the intact mandibular condyle, female genital mutilation, female circumcision, sinonasal masses, nasal cavity, nasal discharge, doppler ultrasound, pseudoaneurysm, radial artery, blood gas analysis, cervical vertebra, dislocation injuries, neurological disorder, caesarean section, foetal distress, cephalopelvic disproportion,     dental hygienist, osteoporosis, bone mineral density, pleomorphic lipoma, benign tumor, parotidectomy for benign neoplasms, complication after parotidectomy, facial palsy, frey's syndrome, extracapsular dissection, vascular necrosis, intracapsular fracture neck femur, accelerated fracture healing, anabolic therapy, meningitis, adrenocortical carcinoma, endoscopic stapedotomy, gastroenteroanastomosis, enteroanastomosis, Non-Wilms’ tumours, radical nephrectomy. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of   Medicine and Medical Research.

  • Language, Literature and Education: Research Updates Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of language, literature and education. The contributions by the authors include open and distance learning, future-ready education, 21st century skills, fourth industrial revolution, teacher evaluation, professional development, self-education, teacher appraisal, ICT skills, TVET teachers, classroom instructional system, continuous professional development, cognitive dissonance, technology adoption, information technology, digital literacy, students’ willingness, entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial competencies, job creation, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, blended learning, formative evaluation, summative evaluation, face-to-face role-play simulation, aeronautical communications, poetry in teaching, learning in dermatology, visual speciality, bilinguality, heritage language, social embarrassment, parental influence, english language comprehension ability, Tanzania sign language, hearing impairment, auditory training, technology enhanced learning, e-learning, virtual classrooms, computer-assisted instruction, AI-driven adaptive learning systems, motor impairment, special educational needs, intelligent tutoring systems, eye-tracking technologies. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of language, literature and education.

  • New Horizons in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of Medicine and Medical Research. The contributions by the authors include Extranodal, Rosai Dorfman disease, histiocytic condition, Thymidine kinase 1, STK1p, health screening, meta-analysis, Pneumatisation, frontal sinus, craniofacial structures, X-Ray, Axillary mercury-in-glass thermometer, forehead non-touch infra-red thermometer, bland-altman, Traditional medicine practitioners, medicinal plants, national health policy and system, Advanced malignancy, maxillofacial region, neck mass, oncologic emergency, Glioblastoma, cerebral tumor, diagnosis, subarachnoid hemorrhage, aneurysm, hydro-cephalus, Acute pain service, pain management, patient satisfaction, opioid, epidural analgesia, Lidocaine, perioperative infusion,  balanced anesthesia, multimodal analgesia, Intravenous ketamine, anaesthesia, adverse effects of ketamine, Perception, confidence, female surgical resident trainees, intimate examination, hernia, education system, Microvascular hemodynamic, anthropometric parameters, periodontal probing, heterogeneity, Contracture, prophylaxis, Serum, albumins, uric acid, oral submucous fibrosis, Evidence-based practice, clinical nurse, midwife specialists, critical care nurses and midwives, nursing research, Laryngeal papillomata, airway obstruction, target control infusion, COVID-19, operating room, and health care personnel. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Medicine and Medical Research.

  • Chemistry and Biochemistry: Research Progress Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of chemistry and biochemistry. The contributions by the authors include acid-base systems, pH metric titration, reaction mechanisms, biodegradation, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, methyl paraben, trace metals, ICP-OES method, heavy metals, enzyme inhibition, nucleoside analogues, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase activity, indolylpyridine, indole-3-carboxaldehyde, chemometric methods, angiotensin-converting enzyme, coronavirus infection, gelatin films, physico-chemical properties, environmental remediation, hardness of water, hard water treatment, complexometric titration, disodium EDTA, dissolved oxygen consumption rate, toxicity, oxygen consumption, nutritional value. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of chemistry and biochemistry.

  • Research Developments in Science and Technology Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of  Science and Technology. The contributions by the authors include knee Instantaneous axis, Knee tensegrity system, Ground Reaction force, renewable energy, sustainable energy, alpha rhythms, light stimulation, wavelength, biomechanical properties, fabrication, prosthetic foot, electricity consumption, ceramics, glass-ceramics, thermal cycling, thermal barrier coatings, pressure and tension axies, seismicity, alternative learning system, learners’ competencies, accreditation and equivalency, cosmology, astrophysics, universe, big bang, Hubble’s law, general relativity, dark matter, gravitational waves, genetic variability, correlation, quantitative traits, principle component analysis, quantitative traits, genotypic and phenotypic path, heritability, coastal Aquifer, seawater intrusion, electrochemical deposition, chloride electrolyte, hydroxide iron precipitates. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of   Science and Technology.

  • Contemporary Research and Perspectives in Biological Science Vol. 11

    This book covers key areas of biological science. The contributions by the authors include artisanal fisheries, mangrove swamp, littoral forests, fishing gears distribution, metamorphic catastrophe effects, isocitrate lyase genes, silkworm disease, mulberry silkworm blood infection, sericulture, septicemia, genetic variability, yellow vein mosaic virus, heritability, professional communication, merging biosecurity, veterinary preventive medicine, risk identification, arsenic toxicities, fluid therapy, juvenile hormone, hyperbaric oxygenation, brain microcirculation, local cerebral blood flow, cortical spreading depression, brain microcirculation. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of biological science.

  • New Visions in Biological Science Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of Biological Science. The contributions by the authors include dimorphism, mating strategies, sexual size dimorphism, intersexual variation, biogeographical conservativism, latitudinal diversity gradient, arthropods, prolonged copulation, phenotypes, allometric analyses, eco-geography, ecogeographical rule, terrestrial arthropods, species richness, ecological community, trophic level relationship, traditional medicine, leukemia, inflammation, hypercholesterolemia, therapeutic implementation, phytoplankton diversity, Sundarbans mangrove, aquatic bioindicators, climate change, water quality index, aquatic pollution, Soil analysis, Entomofauna, headwater stream, habitat structure. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  Biological Science

  • The Informed Leader: How Philosophy and Evidence Shape Organizational Performance

  • Emerging Trends in Disease and Health Research Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of  Disease and Health Research. The contributions by the authors include Parkinsonism, neurorehabilitation, functional electrostimulation, deep oscillation, magnetic field, metamemory, memory confidence, chronic kidney disease, nutrition management, diabetic foot, arteriopathy, anticoagulant treatments, phytochemicals, medicinal/herbals plants, pharmacology, ageing effect, DNA fragmentation, high DNA stainability, semen analysis, air pollution, health production function, household surveys, caloric efficiency, brown adipose tissue, congenic rodent model, thermogenesis, substrate assimilation, stigma and discrimination, mitigation strategies, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, sexually transmitted infection, biomedical model, endocrine function, axilllary mercury-in-glass, forehead Non touch Infra-red thermometers, infectious diseases, community pharmacists. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  Disease and Health Research.

  • Geography, Earth Science and Environment: Research Highlights Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of geography, earth science and environment. The contributions by the authors include geohazard mapping, terrestrial lidar, terrestrial laser scanning, global navigation satellite system, digital surface models, geodectic technology, interferometric synthetic aperture radar, uncrewed technology, spectral angle mapper, planetary atmospheres, thermodynamics of gases, planetary balance circumstances, thermodynamic effects, gravitational acceleration force, solar magnetic field, normalized difference vegetation index, blue infrastructure, human vulnerability index, fisher-folk, livelihood dimensional index, economic indicator, climate variability vulnerability index, multivariate cluster analysis, volcanic eruptions, volcanic ash, hierarchical hazard, occupational safety, quarry mining, respiratory protection. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of geography, earth science and environment.

  • Minimally Invasive Decompression of Lumbar Spine

    The lumbar spinal stenosis is the most common degenerative condition of the lumbar spine. Different surgical approaches have been used to treat patients with lumbar spinal stenosis, from open laminectomy to instrumentation and arthrodesis. However both these traditional approaches have limitations. For example, the open laminectomy carries a potential risk of spine instability while the spine instrumentation is associated with an increased surgical risk and the possibility to develop an adjacent segment disease in the follow-up. In the last few years minimally invasive approaches have been developed in order to overcome the limitations of these surgical approaches. In this book the basic technique to perform the minimally invasive decompression of lumbar spine is described and some clinical cases from the surgical series of the Author are reported. The indications and the results of this technique are also briefly described. We think that this book will be especially useful for resident in neurosurgery and orthopedics and young neurosurgeons and spine surgeons.

  • Acclimatization and Adaptation to the Damage of Climate Change from Upstream Hydroelectric Dams and the Funan Techo Canal in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam

    The Mekong Delta, including the Southwest Region and part of the coastal East Vietnam, is one of the six most vulnerable regions in the world to the impacts of climate change and sea level rise. Water blockage on the Mekong River mainstream, caused by more than 12 major hydroelectric dams in China and 5 major dams in Laos, has resulted in a shortage of water supplies for downstream agriculture, people, and industry, especially in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam. Global climate change has intensified challenges such as rising sea levels and saline intrusion in Vietnam, which could result in 22 million people being displaced, about one-fifth of the population losing their homes, and 45% of agricultural land in the Mekong Delta being destroyed. Vietnam is expected to be the country most affected by climate change in the Asia-Pacific region. The consistent viewpoint of Vietnamese scientists is to combine hard technology with green technology, handle the situation intelligently, and apply AI and 4.0 technology. The approach involves adopting "4.0-period technology" suitable for prevailing conditions. This includes using renewable materials, such as forest trees, to prevent erosion, constructing eco-lakes, and developing environmentally friendly “soft” infrastructure that harmonizes with nature rather than confronting it. These efforts are crucial to protecting future generations and ensuring a sustainable world.

  • Annotating Hypothetical Proteins from Glycine max (L.) Merr. Proteome Using Comparative Screening for Identifying Novel Functional Proteins

    The book dealt with annotating hypothetical proteins from Glycine max (L.) Merr. proteome using Comparative Screening for identifying  novel functional proteins. The study aimed to assign a function to a particular set of protein sequences as well as figure out the role of hypothetical proteins in the metabolic pathways for drug discovery. Annotation of the hypothetical proteins will probably serve as a useful dataset for future Transgenic approaches studies. Hypothetical Proteins may be a valuable treasure trove for modern science now-a-days for its contribution of novel and scientific data.

  • Current Research Progress in Physical Science Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of physical science. The contributions by the authors include atomic force microscopy, heterodyne force microscopy, ultrasonic vibration, carbon dioxide emission, climate justice, forest absorption capacity, density functional theory, industrial pollutants, Ni3W16S29 device, pressure compensation method, rotation magnetic field, turbine wheel method, angular velocity, type II core-collapse supernovae, photon counting, supernova evolution, Swift's X-ray telescope, astrophysical plasma emission code, noise reduction, optical polarimetry, optical sweeping, spin-alignment, copper oxide nanoparticles, differential thermal analysis, thermo-gravimetric analysis, plant-mediated green route, total electron content, low-latitude ionosphere, F1 and E layer, solar cycle phase, international reference ionosphere model, seasonal variation of electron densities, nonlinear absorption coefficient, z-scan technique, reduced graphene oxide, aluminum-doped zinc oxide composite, nonlinear optical characteristics, reverse saturable absorption, nonlinear scattering, two-photon absorption, reidite, polymorph of zircon, supercritical fluids, crystallization level, prismatine. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of physical science.

  • Current Topics in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of  Agricultural Sciences. The contributions by the authors include molecular breeding, hybridization, fungal diseases,  SSR markers, antioxidant potential, calorimetric qualitative method, antioxidant capacity, maize roaster, charcoal tray, roasting, climate change, emigration, agricultural production, forest benefits, natural products, Romanian philatelic issues, inbreeding depression, genetic Parameters, genotypes, rubber production, latex-harvesting system, hormonal stimulation, tapping intensity, Recession phase in irrigation, water management, drip irrigation, irrigation design criteria, drip irrigation management, snowchaser variety, irrigation uniformity, water, food production, decision support systems, e-Learning, geographical information systems, global positioning system, information and communication technology, information dissemination system, precision agriculture, remote sensing. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  Agricultural Sciences.

  • Research Perspective on Biological Science Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of biological science. The contributions by the authors include Bayoud disease resistance, molecular identification, nutritional properties, Kjeldahl method, auxin-cytokinin combinations, tissue culture, plant tissue culture technology, pathogen-free plants, callus induction frequency, shoot induction frequency, root induction frequency, plant regeneration frequency, 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, promoter analysis, velo-cardio-facial syndrome, autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity syndrome, short interspersed nuclear elements, long interspersed nuclear elements, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, fish processing waste, molecular weight distribution, collagen-containing raw materials, apomixis specific gene, sprouting value index, sound unsprouted propagule, systematic foliar anatomy, glycolytic ATP production, reactive oxygen species, intermittent hypoxia, AMP-activated protein kinase, vegetative propagation, apical stem, antioxidant effect, antibacterial activity, bioactive compound, inoculums standardization, bacterial strains, total flavonoid content, ferric reducing antioxidant power, free radical scavenging activity. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of biological science.

  • Design and Analysis of Low Power VLSI Full Adders and 32-bit Adders

    Low power design of VLSI circuits is the key to design of circuits for protable products. The power consumption is depending on staiatic power and dynamic power. The dynamic power is power consumed during the circuit in action. The static power is power consumed when circuit is not in action. The static power consumption is going to be more than the dynamic power, hence we need to understand the static power consumption in detail. We need to come with the techniques to mitigate the static power consumption. In this book we are looking at how to reduce the leakage current in the MOSFET. Leakage current is the major contributor for the static power consumption of the MOSFET device. In this book we are looking at different full adders available and proposing different full adders which can offer low leakage current. The leakage currents of the all the existing fulladders are compared with the proposed full adders. The 32- bit adders are designed using exsiting full addders and the proposed fulladders. The static power consumption in all the 32-bit adders is compared and presented.

  • Science and Technology: Developments and Applications Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of science and technology. The contributions by the authors include aerosol scattering attenuation, free-space optical link, transmission wavelength, quadrature amplitude modulation, radio frequency, free space optics, sociological paradigms, radical structuralism, postmodernism, railway safety, Neuraisya system model, passenger counting model, Petri net model, smart prototype security system, wildlife conservation, raspberry pi, visual network computing, thermal camera, wildlife poaching, anti-poaching system, moisture sorption analysis, smoke-dried Kamsa, sorption isotherms, monolayer moisture content, energy security, climate security, decarbonization, decentralization, low-carbon economy, carbon budget, blood pressure variability, differential pulse arrival time, benign prostatic hyperplasia, convolutional neural networks, recurrent neural networks, biomarker-based diagnostics, internet of medical things, cancer-specific survival, damage diagnosis, Grajal bridge, Brandomil bridge, heritage conservation, damage diagnostics. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of science and technology.

  • Continuous Bangla Speech Processing: Segmentation, Classification and Recognition

    There has been a resurgence of attention in speech recognition over the last few decades, as researchers and industries have designed and demonstrated numerous applications of this rich field of study. Automated Speech Recognition (ASR) is a popular and challenging area of research in developing human-computer interactions. The main challenge of speech recognition lies in modeling the variations of the uttered speech, such as different geographical boundaries, social background, age, gender, occupation, etc. Speech processing is a useful task for solving many types of problems in different areas. These problems cover characterization, segmentation, clustering and classification, pattern association, and recognition. In order to develop an effective speech recognition system, it is important to understand each of these topics.  Speech recognition studies intend to build devices that can accept spoken information and act appropriately upon receiving the information. Speech recognition technology has made it possible for a computer to follow human voice commands and understand human languages.

    One of the most challenging aspects of performing research in speech recognition by computer is its interdisciplinary nature and the tendency of most researchers to apply a consistent strategy to individual problems. Numerous disciplines, such as signal processing, acoustics, pattern recognition, communication and information theory, linguistics, physiology, psychology, and computer science, have been applied to one or more speech recognition problems. Today’s remarkable research engagement is the successful driven of deep learning approaches in speech recognition. In recent years, many researchers have been trying to develop speech command-driven systems in their mother languages. Besides the English language, there are many research experiments and achieved results in various languages. This study focuses on Bangla speech processing and demonstrates their experiments using advanced methods and algorithms in well-established platforms.

    This book presents a wide variety of speech processing approaches, with segmentation, feature extraction, classification, and recognition. This book introduces four algorithms for dynamic thresholding to segment the continuous Bangla speech sentences into words/sub-words, based on modified k-means algorithm, fuzzy µ-means algorithm, modified Otsu’s algorithm, and short-time speech feature-based algorithm. Besides, a new approach named the Blocking Black Area method is introduced to identify the voiced regions of the continuous speech in speech segmentation. In addition, the reader will be familiar with efficient speech classification and speech feature generation approaches. In this book, fundamentals of neural networks-based speech recognition have been written for students and researchers in academia and industry who are interested in using neural networks and speech recognition in several applications. The emphasis is on continuous Bangla speech processing and its features. In order to better illustrate the proposed speech processing approaches, several experiments are done in the Matlab platform wherever it is appropriate.

    The order of presentation of the topics in this book was chosen to reflect the increasing complexity of speech processing approaches and related materials. The material in each chapter is large enough to focus on the related topics so that the reader can understand precisely. The contents of this book are organized into five chapters. A general overview of speech recognition research and speech and language processing with historical background is discussed in Chapter 1. The speech signals and features, covered in chapters 2 and 3, are two fundamental topics in speech recognition. Chapter 4 describes various speech segmentation and classification techniques. This chapter includes the proposed algorithms for dynamic thresholding in speech segmentation (based on k-means clustering-based thresholding algorithm, fuzzy µ-means clustering-based thresholding algorithm, Otsu’s thresholding algorithm, blocking black area method, and short-time speech features). Finally, Chapter 5 presents neural network-based speech recognition. In addition, the chapter describes various faster and improved back-propagation (BP) algorithms to implement a speech recognition system, including BP with momentum, variable learning rate BP, conjugate gradient BP, resilient BP, and Lavenberg-Marquardt algorithms. Algorithms are provided to encourage the reader to develop a thorough understanding mechanism of training and applying neural networks in Bangla speech recognition.

  • Microbiology and Biotechnology Research: An Overview Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of microbiology and biotechnology. The contributions by the authors include polyphenol constituent, immunomodulatory activities, anti-inflammatory activity, apomictic reproductive cells, aposporous embryo sac initial cell, pre-treatment of ovary, embryogenesis, apospory, diplospory, apomixis, hepatosplenomegaly, abdominal gangrene, zoonotic disease, pyrexia, blood cultures, asparagus tissue culture, elite genotypes, interspecific hybrid recovery, electroporation, ploidy modifications, protoplasts, nosocomial infection, antimicrobial therapy, beta-lactam antibiotics, outer membrane permeability, antibiotic sensitivity testing method, metagenomics, bacterial flacherie, sericulture, bacterial septicaemia, sick building syndrome, phytoremediation, ribosome modulation factor, hibernation-promoting factor, ribosomal hibernation, ribosome cycle, solid-state fermentation, ion exchange chromatography, xylanase production, xylanase enzyme assay, molecular mass determination. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of microbiology and biotechnology.

  • Emerging Trends in Disease and Health Research Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of  Disease and Health Research. The contributions by the authors include omicron variant, emotional health, Human health, colored vegetables, bioactive compounds, antioxidants, phytochemicals, dietary fiber, horticulture, Human health, genetic engineering, antioxidants, horticulture, phytochemicals, nutraceuticals, transgenic vegetables, transgenes, phytochemicals, bioactive compounds, glucosinolates, antioxidants, breeding, hyperventilation syndrome, panic disorder, non-cardiac chest pain, dizziness, syncope pseudo seizures, obesity, metabolic disorder, nutrigenomics, molecular diagnostic, genetic variation, metabolomics, genomics array platform, phenolic compounds, polyacetylenes, disease prevention, Tooth regeneration, mesenchymal stem cells, heterogeneity, Marker, epigenetic regulation, Hirschsprung, rectoanal inhibitory reflex, intestinal obstruction, coloanal anastomosis, hypothyroidism, haemostasis, core endurance, Swiss ball, autism spectrum disorders. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of   Disease and Health Research.

  • Geography, Earth Science and Environment: Research Highlights Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of geography, earth science and environment. The contributions by the authors include mercury contamination, bioaccumulation, fish tissue, artificial recharge strategy, groundwater recharge, vertical resistivity sounding, palaeoclimatology, volcano pollution, phonology, dendroclimatology, procedural rationality, environmental Kuznets curve, air quality management, procedural rationality model., irrational decision-making theories, extracellular enzymes, rhizosphere microbial community, soil enzyme, enzyme efficiency, cultivar variability, volumetric soil moisture, crack network, isotropic characteristics, cracks geometry dimensions, geothermal installation, improved grey prediction model, accumulative generating operation, isotopes, environmental matrices, microwave digestion. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of geography, earth science and environment.

  • Strategy of MNC Subsidiaries in China: A Comparative Study

    This book is the first large-scale project of this nature based on the comparative analyses of subsidiaries among four MNC groups from USA, EU Japan and South Korea.  The book compared the growth and development strategies of these MNC subsidiaries in China in the following areas: 

    The marketing strategy comparisons among MNC multinational subsidiaries in China for their strategic marketing trend, the competitive marketing strategy, and the corresponding strategic marketing mix. On this basis, the book summarized and conclude that the successful experiences and misunderstanding of the marketing strategy of MNC subsidiaries, which are helpful for future marketing strategic adjustment of the subsidiaries of MNCs in China.

    The comparative study on human resource of MNC subsidiaries in this book as a focal point is to compare the MNC subsidiaries’ human resource management strategic tropism, strategic role, overall human resources strategy, and human resource functions. It is imperative to summarize and conclude upon the successful experiences of the human resource strategy of MNC subsidiaries in China.

    R & D strategic comparison of MNC subsidiaries in China took study developmental strategy as a focal point to provide an in-depth comparative analysis of R&D resources allocation, research strategic roles, and research organizations’ model of Chinese multinational subsidiaries.

    The study of comparative strategic evolution among MNC subsidiaries in China constructed the overall analysis framework of the strategic evolution among the multinational subsidiaries. It took the motives of MNC subsidiaries in China in the view of strategic evolution as a breakthrough, from horizontal and vertical dimensionality, to analyze the strategic evolutionary trends. Form the vertical dimensionality, this book focused on the strategic system, strategic posture, and strategic tropism. These three aspects are necessary to analyze the MNC subsidiaries’ strategic evolution and construct the process model of MNC subsidiaries’ evolution. From horizontal dimensionality, this book compared the MNC subsidiaries in China with different origins of industries and countries. Therefore, this book discovered six models for MNCs strategic evolution. The models of strategic evolution were applied to the subsidiaries of Samsung, Wal-Mart and Motorola. The case studies helped test and validated the models and summarized the strategic evolutionary trend of the MNC subsidiaries in China.

  • Advancements in Science and Technology: Paving the Way to a Sustainable Future

    Science and technology have always been at the forefront of human progress, driving innovation and transforming the way we live, work, and interact with the world around us. In the face of growing global challenges, from climate change to healthcare crises, the pursuit of sustainable solutions has become more critical than ever. The present edited volume, Advancements in Science and Technology: Paving the Way to a Sustainable Future, brings together a diverse collection of research contributions that highlight recent breakthroughs and advancements in various scientific and technological domains, each contributing to the overarching goal of sustainability and progress.

    This book encapsulates pioneering research spanning multiple disciplines. It begins with an exploration of Synthesis and Biological Applications of Ferrocenyl Amino Acids, Sugar, and Nucleic Acids Derivatives, shedding light on novel compounds with potential biomedical applications. The discussion then moves to Recent Advances in Green Bromination: An Overview, emphasizing eco-friendly methodologies in chemical synthesis.

    A critical area of healthcare innovation is covered in Continuous Glucose Monitoring: A Revolution in Diabetes Management, highlighting advancements in real-time monitoring technologies that have revolutionized diabetes care. The book also provides insight into mathematical structures and fuzzy logic through Characterization of Some Ideals in \(\Gamma\)-Near Rings and their Development in Intuitionistic Fuzzy Environment: A Review.

    Biological and environmental sciences are represented with an in-depth study on Hymenolepsis nana: An Intestinal Cyclophyllidean Helminthes Parasite, contributing to the understanding of parasitic infections and their impact on human health. Complementing this, Artificial Intelligence: Catalyst for a Sustainable Future explores the role of AI in fostering sustainable development across industries.

    The principles and applications of green chemistry are extensively discussed in The Green Chemistry Revolution: From Principles to Practice, reinforcing the significance of environmentally benign chemical processes. The exploration of nanoscale science in Nanochemistry: The Intersection of Nanotechnology and Chemistry unveils groundbreaking developments with far-reaching implications in medicine, materials, and energy.

    Furthermore, Microwave Chemistry: A Brief Overview presents innovative approaches to chemical reactions using microwave energy, enhancing efficiency and sustainability. Mathematics and computer science intersect in An interplay between Commutative Rings and Graph Theory: A Review, revealing structural insights that have profound implications in various scientific applications.

    Finally, the book concludes with Organic Light Emitting Device Technology for Sustainable Development, emphasizing energy-efficient display and lighting solutions that contribute to environmental sustainability.

    Through this collection, we aim to provide a comprehensive reference for researchers, academicians, and industry professionals seeking to understand the latest developments in science and technology with a focus on sustainability. We hope that this volume serves as a catalyst for further innovation and inspires future research towards a more sustainable and technologically advanced world.

  • Inflammatory and Immunological Profile of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Basic Research and Clinical Application

    This book rests on the premise that current and future scientific information are and will be based primarily on knowledge of the immunology and inflammation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). From pathophysiology, and its clinical, functional, and radiological consequences, to current and future treatments gravitate to the understanding of the molecular biology of the entity. For this reason, the book has four easy-to-identify sections. The first 4 chapters address immune recognition, inflammation, immunology, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the rheological properties of bronchial mucus. That is, the bases of the immunological and inflammatory profiles of COPD. The second section confronts COPD associated with other etiologies not associated with smoking, which is a subgroup of COPD that is "in crescendo". The third section discusses the treatment of COPD, and the fourth section is made up of 2 required chapters on the topic: differential diagnosis and similarities with bronchial asthma and the impact of COVID-19 on COPD and bronchial asthma.

    The main objective is to give the reader updated, comprehensive, and concise information on these molecular profiles, sometimes not well understood, amalgamating various chapters, in such a way that they are not seen as separate topics but rather as "a whole", as if they were different surfaces of a prism.

    If the book gives medical students, clinicians, and researchers a better perspective on COPD, we will be satisfied.

    Dedicated to Carmen, María, Nico, Jojo, and Pedro.

  • Phonosemantic Dictionary: Exploring the Essence of English Words

    The relationship between sound and meaning has fascinated humanity for centuries, inspiring linguistic theories, cultural expressions, and philosophical insights. Language, as a bridge between thought and expression, holds within its structure the mysteries of human perception, psychology, and creativity. This dictionary is a step toward decoding these mysteries through the lens of phonosemantics—a field that examines the psychological and semantic essence of sounds.

    This work is grounded in the theoretical frameworks established in my earlier publications, A Philosophical Approach to the Psychological Model of Phonosemantics, available at DOI: https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-48388-46-9, and Psychological Model of Phonosemantics, published in Springer and available at DOI: 10.1007/s10936-020-09701-y. These works provide a comprehensive foundation for understanding how phonemes are intricately tied to psychological interpretations and meanings. While the earlier works delve deeply into the theoretical principles, this dictionary serves as a practical tool, allowing readers to apply those principles in analyzing and understanding the essence of English words.

    The primary focus of this dictionary is to provide phonosemantic interpretations of English words using the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). Each entry includes a breakdown of phonemes and their semantic contributions, offering a unique perspective on how meaning emerges from sound. While this dictionary focuses on English, it is possible to create similar dictionaries for languages like French, German, or Hindi using the same phonosemantic theory, provided that accurate IPA transcriptions of words are available. This potential highlights the universality of phonosemantics as a linguistic framework.

    This dictionary assumes familiarity with the theoretical aspects presented in the aforementioned works. Those seeking a deeper understanding of the methodology, historical background, or philosophical principles behind phonosemantics are encouraged to consult these publications. This book aims to stand as a practical resource for linguists, educators, and language enthusiasts, bridging the gap between theory and application.

    I am grateful for the opportunity to present this work and hope it proves valuable in exploring the sound-meaning connection. Language is not merely a tool for communication but a reflection of human consciousness and perception. By decoding the phonosemantic essence of words, we may glimpse a deeper understanding of how sound shapes thought and thought shapes the world.

    Finally, I humbly acknowledge that this dictionary is part of an ongoing journey. Language is a living phenomenon, ever-evolving and multi-faceted. While I have strived to make this work comprehensive, there will always be room for further discovery and refinement. I welcome feedback from readers and invite dialogue to enhance and expand this exploration of phonosemantics.

  • Research Trends and Challenges in Physical Science Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of  Physical Science. The contributions by the authors include ionic conductivity, impedance spectroscopy and transport number. Proton-coupled electron transfer, superoxide radical anion, favipiravir, cyclic voltammetry, electron spin resonance, Superliner photovoltaic ejection, heterojunction, nanocluster centers, tropo-iono variation, quasi-stationary refraction blocks, main variance components, Multifunctional materials, nanomaterials, Hubbard model, Ge isotopes, Fokker-planck equation, Brownian particles, energy production, non-equilibrium statistical physics, accuracy of planned GPS measurements, maximum accuracy, minimum cost of GPS measurements, super-quantum correlations, no-signaling, information causality, dusty fluid, MHD flow, transverse magnetic field, multiphase flow, topological entropy, Superconductivity, cold electron, quantum mechanics, magnetic nanoparticles, suspension, hyperthermia, magnetometry, ITER energy confinement time scaling, fusion energy, thermonuclear instability, cyclotron resonance plasma heating, l-mode Tokamak-plasmas. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of   Physical Science.

  • Disease and Health: Research Developments Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of disease and health. The contributions by the authors include insecticide-treated net, hepatitis viruses, blood transfusion, blood donors, hydroxylation, parathyroid hormone, cell proliferation, hyperglycemia, Bell’s palsy, herpes simplex virus, denervated muscle, innervated muscle, facial disability index, progressive muscle relaxation, psychosomatic diseases, respirable dust exposure, wood ash water, respirable crystalline silica, compliance and safety standards, lung re-expansion physiotherapy, health belief model, theory planned behavior, transtheoretical model, convergent validity, discriminant validity, Fornell-Larker criterion, sickle cell disease, metabolic syndrome, National Cholesterol Education Program - Adult Treatment Panel III, fasting plasma glucose, lipid profile, microbial antioxidants, cognitive decline, co-antioxidant activity, plant-based antioxidants, rabies, zoonotic viral disease, veterinary services, vaccine availability, Parkinson's disease, neurodegenerative diseases, dopaminergic neuron loss, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, polarity analysis, urinary tract infections, homoeopathy, traumatic injuries, pulp necrosis, endodontic treatment, cone-beam computed tomography. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of disease and health.

  • Issues and Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of Medicine and Medical Research. The contributions by the authors include Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, allografts, lysholm score, tegner score, IKDC score, Breast cancer, mammogram, faster R-CNN, breast lesion detection, breast lesion classification, deep learning network for Faster R-CNN, Endo DCR, nasolacrimal duct,  dacryocystitis, Urban air pollution, carbonmonoxide toxicity, breath analysis, Blood donor counseling, transfusion-transmitted infections, ELISA test, Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, Human Papillomavirus, Cidofovir, Bevacizumab, Chemotherapy, fertility, mutagen, clastogen, mutagenic, clastogenic, oncofertility, fertility preservation, gamete preservation, Proctite, bergamot,  corona virus,  Obtuse marginal, Posterior descending artery,   Low cardiac output syndrome, Postoperative atrial fibrillation, Albumin, alpha-amylase, saliva, smoking, uric acid,  Antero-posterior diameter, dry bone study, lumbar canal, lumbar canal stenosis, transverse diameter,  gingivitis, Facial index, facial height, facial breadth, hyperleptoprosopic, mesoprosopic and euryprosopic,  Aortic stenosis, Transcatheter aortic valve replacement, Portico valve, snare maneuver, Marginal zone lymphoma, flow cytometry, lymphadenopathy, immunohistochemistry, Endometriosis, menorrhagia, antenatal diagnosis, polyp, Total anomalous pulmonary venous return, congenital heart defects, echocardiography, patent ductus arteriosus, persistent left superior vena cava, Vertebral artery, subclavian artery,  and arch of aorta. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Medicine and Medical Research.

  • Current Research Progress in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 10

    This book covers key areas of agricultural sciences. The contributions by the authors include fruit crop analysis, microfluidic spectrophotometry, pigment analysis, phenolic content estimation, nutrient content analysis, pesticide residue detection, embryo abortion, endosperm condensation, endosperm dispersion, climate variability, agriculture resilience, agricultural adaptations, bio-fertilizers, liquid PhosBac, phytopathogenic microbes, biodynamic compost, plant-parasitic nematode, bio-indicator, organic carbon, Cobb sieving method, shoot apex culture, clonal propagation, sucker culture, livestock genetic resources, disease prevalence, compound fertilizer, canopy diameter, principal component analysis, agronomic characteristics, drought resilience, proline accumulation, moisture stress, biochemical parameters, transgressive segregation, self-pollinating crops. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of agricultural sciences.

  • Novel Perspectives of Engineering Research Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of Engineering Research. The contributions by the authors include thermal expansion in a thin-film, fiber optic detection of thermal expansion, fiber coupler for detection of thermal expansion, flame retardancy, silica-amine, microspheres, reduction of harmonics, distribution transformer, neural network, model, controller, simulation, digital signal processing, expert system, squirrel cage Induction generator, PID controller, wind turbine, energy saving, mechanical cooling system, solar cell, multiplexer, binary addition, Image retrieval, locality preserving projections, web surfing, scald-fuzzy membership, Signal processing, serial-parallel multiplier, discrete orthogonal transforms, systolic architecture, drainage system, granular filter, ground water head, artificial neural networks, continuous wavelet transform, induction motor, multiple fault detection, coronary stent, finite element Analysis, strut geometry. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  Engineering Research

  • Disease and Health: Research Developments Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of disease and health. The contributions by the authors include breast filariasis, breast abscess, diethyl carbazine citrate, granulomatous mastitis, benzathine penicillin, anti-helminthic therapy, staphylococcal infection, lymphedema, histo-pathological test, quadruple-negative breast cancer, androgen receptor, non-genetic risk factors, probiotics, prebiotics, gut microbiota, gastrointestinal health, microbiome therapy, galactooligosaccharides, fructooligosaccharides, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, , immunomodulators, monoclonal antibodies, non-pharmaceutical interventions, antonine plague, justinian plague, bubonic plague, nomophobia, FOMO syndrome, digital work environment, mental well-being, physiotherapy, normal joint limitations, neuromuscular dysfunctions, manual therapy, orthopedic conditions, Werner syndrome, DNA damage, WRN gene, urothelial carcinoma, ductal carcinoma, positron emission tomography, subjective cognitive decline, alzheimer's disease, health-oriented fitness, membership costs, customer loyalty, male clients, fitness sports. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of disease and health.

  • Dynamic Analysis Based Mobile Malware Classification Using Supervised Machine Learning Methods

    Android based mobile malware are of great threat to the mobile users as they compromise user’s credentials without the knowledge of the user. Detection of Mobile malware and stopping their spread will save the system from further damage and misuse. Though many automated tools are available, sometimes it is very challenging to predict as malware handling methods need intelligent mechanisms. Artificial Intelligence is the promising domain which may ensure better handling of threats. Machine Learning is an important branch of AI which is expending in handling threats in an intelligent way. Intelligent intrusion detection systems are the need of the hour and machine learning methods are the most sought after and explored methods. This book titled, “Dynamic Analysis based Mobile Malware Classification using Supervised Machine Learning Methods”, discusses most of the promising Supervised Machine learning models and how they are applied for classifying Mobile Malware. This book starts from the fundamentals and gradually deals with the methodology and implementation of popular Supervised Machine Learning methods for Mobile Malware Detection. The most ideal platform Python is used, and the step-by-step methodology is presented during every phase of the implementation process. Important metrics are used to validate the performance of the ML methods and the most desirable model is recommended. Finding the most suitable model is an important phase in automating the entire process of Mobile Malware Detection. It is an ideal material for students, researchers, security professional and others who aspire to take up a serious career for the backend processing. I hope the book will be useful to the readers and many will find interesting components to explore further. My best wishes and prayers for all the readers for a great career.

  • Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 11

    This book covers key areas of medical science. The contributions by the authors include vaginal agglutination, surgical intervention, oestrogen therapy, skull base surgery, endoscopic endonasal technique, Mitaka's pneumatic endoscopy, bone age calculation, Ebrí computer program, Ebrí methods, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, gene therapy, single nucleotide polymorphisms, coxofemoral luxation, toggle pin technique, dysplasia, docosanoic acid, vitexin, analgesic properties, Dennettia tripetala, metoprolol succinate, oral administration, drug delivery, oral in situ gel, metoprolol succinate, neurosensorimotor reflex integration program, sensory-motor sphere functions, down syndrome, developmental disabilities, homeogenomics, personalized medicine, gene interactions, homeopathic treatment, interventional physiology, coronary physiology, Alzheimer’s disease, intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring, systemic lupus erythematosus, primary biliary cholangitis, single-shade composite, surface roughness, multi-shade composite, color stability. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of medical science.

  • New Visions in Biological Science Vol. 10

    This book covers key areas of  Biological Science. The contributions by the authors include wildlife trypanosomes, human-wildlife interation, wildlife-livestock, human African trypanosomiasis, sleeping sickness, Immunology characterization, hydatid cyst, glioblastoma cells, Platelet derived growth factor, heavy metals, hyperaccumulator, genomic template stability, meta-analysis, phytomass, blood pressure, hypertension, bacteria expressing dsRNA, taxonomic distinctness, climate change, coprological diagnosis, aqueous extract of Hypoestes rosea, phytochemicals, dengue fever, Laplace pressure, cytokinesis, division symmetry, cell blebbing. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of   Biological Science.

  • Modern Control Systems: Theory, Design and Applications

    This is a book on state variable modeling, analysis and control of modern control systems. The analysis approach to many control problems from real system consists of three major steps: (1) develop an ideal mathematical modeling which could represent real physical system, (2) apply mathematical analysis and design techniques to the given model, and (3) interpret the mathematical results in terms of implications on the physical system. If the resulting implications are not acceptable or do not seem to match reality or experimental observations, one or more steps given above need to be revised repeated till accepted. This book attempts to illustrate these steps and some control tools that may be involved. While these steps are mathematical, this is intended as an engineering textbook for our intended readers. In this book, no abstract theorems or proofs are included just to improve the mathematical elegance and possible application.

  • Recent Trends in Chemical and Material Sciences Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of Chemical and Material Sciences. The contributions by the authors include bamboo fiber, PP composite, montmorillonite, natural fibers, esterification, radioanalytical method, organic matter, phosphorus sludge, cottrell dust, coal mining waste, humic acid, organomineral fertilizers, Mining method, fly ash, coal combustion, waste management, sputtering, mesoporous TiO2 heterojunction, optical properties, diode properties, double exposure holographic interferometry, young’s modulus, nanocomposite, photoluminescent, energy band gap, Nanocrystalline materials, X-ray techniques, antimicrobial activity, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, metal oxide nanoparticles. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  Chemical and Material Sciences

  • Plasmas Afterglows with N2 for Surface Treatments synthesis 2024

    Various ionized gases are plasmas. They are present in the universe (stars), in the ionosphere and in the magnetosphere. They are manufactured on earth for numerous applications such as reactors for controlled fusion, arcs for mineral fusion and for welding, gas laser discharges, arcs for lighting, discharges for chemical synthesis of various products (enrichment of olefins), discharges for surface treatments (deposition of new materials, nitriding). Plasmas are characterized by high temperatures for thermonuclear fusion (108 K), in electrical arcs (104K) and also in various electrical discharges where only the electrons are at high temperatures (104 to 105K), the neutral molecules being near room gas temperature.

     

    Such high temperatures specify the plasma medium as the fourth state of matter, after the solid, liquid and gas states.

     

    The presently studied reactive plasmas are characterized by hot electrons (104-105K) and a cold neutral gas (300-1000 K). The electron energy is transferred to the neutral gas not only for the gas heating but mainly to excite and to ionize the atoms or molecules on states of high potential energy. The excited ions, atoms or molecules, produced by electron collisions, characterize the reactive plasmas which are of special interest in the process of surface treatments.

     

    This book is focused on the production of plasma active species containing N2 which are molecules in electronic, vibrational and rotational states and dissociated atoms or radicals. 

     

    The book chapters are organized by considering first the plasmas conditions (chap. 1-6) starting from low to high gas pressures and from fundamental (chap. 1-5) to applied results (chap. 6). Then it is joint fundamental results of mixed plasmas and afterglows (chap. 7-11). The larger part of the book concerns the afterglows (chap. 12-27) with the same previous classification of low to high gas pressures and of fundamental (chap. 12-20) to applied results (chap. 21-27).

     

    A recent review on low temperature plasma science and technology is reported in the following paper:

     

    I.Adamovich, S.Agarwal, E.Ahedo, L.L.Alves, S.Baalrud, N.Babaeva, A.Bogaerts, A.Bourdon, P.J.Bruggeman, C.Canal, E.H.Choi, S.Coulombe, Z.Donkó, D.B.Graves, S.Hamaguchi, D.Hegemann, M.Hori, H-H.Kim, G.M.W.Kroesen, M.J.Kushner, A. Laricchiuta, X.Li, T.E.Magin, S.Mededovic, V.Miller, A.B.Murphy, G.S.Oehrlein, N. Puac,R.M.Sankaran,S.Samukawa, M.Shiratani, M.Šimek, N.Tarasenko, K.Terashima, E.Thomas, J.Trieschmann, S Tsikata, M.Turner, I.J.van der Walt, M.C.M van de Sanden, T.von Woedtke.The 2022 Plasma Roadmap: low temperature plasma science and technology. J. Phys. D: Appl.Phys. 55 (2022) 373001.

    With the following contents:

    1. New plasma excitation and generation approaches 2. Extreme plasma regimes 3. Plasma–liquid interactions 4. Dusty plasmas 5. Atomic layer etching (ALE) and deposition 6. Nanostructures and nanomaterials 7. Additive manufacturing (AM) and coatings 8. Plasma engineering of soft materials and biomaterials 9. Medical plasma applications 10. Contribution of plasma to combat COVID-19 11. Plasma agriculture and innovative food cycles 12. Plasma pollution control 13. Electrification of chemical conversions 14. Plasma propulsion (PP) 15. Plasma assisted combustion and hypersonics 16. Thermal plasma applications 17. Plasma diagnostics 18. Theory, modeling and simulations 19. Diagnostics and modeling of plasma–surface interactions 20. Atomic, molecular and transport data 21. Data-driven plasma science and technology.

  • Research Developments in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of Arts and Social Studies. The contributions by the authors include collective unconscious; female feticide; mental state; sex ratio, Benford’s law; earnings management; accounting variables; data anomalies, obesity; lifestyle habits, agriculture; Indian economy, PM-Kisan scheme, biological interface; second signal system; higher nervous activity; brain; non-material theory of the psyche, wheeled transport; Asian chariots; Karasuk culture, interpersonal communication, euroscepticism; nationalism, Euro-skepticism, democratic organizations; authoritarian system, social corruption. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  Arts and Social Studies.

  • New Advances in Business, Management and Economics Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of business, management and economics. The contributions by the authors include social interaction, web-based technologies, public relations, risk management, business recovery, supply chain management, job creation law, health technology sector, health startup, national health mission, patient empowerment, oil price shocks, macroeconomic dynamics, crude oil exports, vector error correction model, anti-money laundering, drug trafficking, financial action task force, international compliance, customer due diligence. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of business, management and economics.

  • Recent Advances in Mathematical Research and Computer Science Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of Mathematical Research and Computer Science. The contributions by the authors include rainfall prediction, data mining, k-nearest neighbor, inverse distance weighting, random variables, stochastic di erence equation, equilibria, centering, linearization, asymptotic mean square stability, stability in probability, general method of Lyapunov functionals construction, stability regions, numerical simulations, trajectories of solution, artificial neural network, hybrid model, mean absolute percentage error, data warehousing, data mining, green computing, energy efficient computing, ICT infrastructure, constitutional democracy, EVM system politics, distance education, economic production quantity, permissible delay, Weibull distribution, fuzzy queue, Zadeh's extension principal, diophantine equation, Horadam numbers Q-matrices, Markoff equation, Zhang solution, Quasi orthogonal space, Langevin's formula, electric dipole, electric field, Boltzmann distribution, modified Bessel function, dielectric constant of gases. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  Mathematical Research and Computer Science.

  • Mathematics and Computer Science: Research Updates Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of mathematics and computer science. The contributions by the authors include Quasi-Rama distribution, order statistics, parameter estimation, Mills ratio, reverse hazard function, Renyi entropy, moment-generating function, Lorenz curves, Fisher’s information matrix, K-Banhatti polynomials, David derived networks, edge degree partition, Anti- -fuzzy subgroup, -fuzzy characteristics group, -Anti- -Fuzzy subgroups, differential equations, exponential smoothing state space model, Kalman filtering, Holt-Winters model, Holt’s linear trend model, simple exponential smoothing, Akaike information criterion, augmented Dickey-Fuller test, semi-prime number, integer distribution, congruence classes, random coefficients, clustered data, multilevel model, efficiency estimation, true random number generators, asymptotic behavior range, random numbers, Mersenne twister, lagged Fibonacci generator, Prng algorithms, routh-Hurwitz criteria, Hopf bifurcation. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of mathematics and computer science.

  • Conventional Herbal Plants in Modern Periods : The Therapeutic Potential Syzigium cumuni and Hyperglycemia

    Conventional Herbal Plant (CHP) is dominant and affordable health care system in mostly all countries across the globe. Encompassing a diverse array of Conventional herbal health practices and practioners, common herbal plants are developing as a new stream of “alternative” or “complementary” medicine to cope with the surging chronic non communicable diseases and life style disorders. The mounting recognition of common herbal plants has developed new avenues for a world wide competitive business regime, cornered on various health products such as food supplements, herbal drugs, cosmeceuticals and nutraceutical. CHP is locating new frontiers of research and development through the interactions of an “omics”- cornered system biology approach.

    Plants have been an integral components of conventional medicare practices in several countries and cultures. The time-tested conventional uses and characteristics of various medicinal herbal plants have led to the discovery of modern synthetic drugs.

    Syzigium cumuni is the largest genus of Myrtaceae family with an estimated 1200 species (Govaerts et al. 2008). It is an old genus of evergreen shrubs, its name was adopted by Gaertner(1788) from Browne’s (1756) genus Suzygium, but with a corrected spelling.Its etymology is from the Greek word Syzygos, which means “yoked together “and from Latin word Syzygia. Some other species of Syzigium are economically important and are widely ploughed for their edible fruits and medicinal and aromatic characterstics. Syzigium cumuni also known as Jamun, Jambolanum, Jambul, black plum and Malabar plum. There are also various other little famous species of with great prospects for their cultivation.

    Among the economically important syzigium species is an Indo- Malaysian tree. It is ploughed widely in different tropical and subtropical countries for its multifunctional use as food, timber and land scope tree, dye and medicine in folklore, along with in conventional systems of medicine, particularly for hyperglycemia. It inhibits the carbohydrates – hydrolyzing enzymes, increase insulin secretion and decreases phenolic compounds, including Flavonoids, tannins and phenolic acids.

    Syzigium in general and Syzigium cumuni in particular is noticed to have a wide array of phytomolecules with a broad spectrum of biological activities that possess anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, antihyperglycemic and antihypertensive characteristics. There are several growing evidences on the potential application of Syzigium cumuni.

    In many respects Syzigium cumuni represents one of the most significant and valuable multipurpose tree with rich promises for horticultural and pharmaceutical trade.Scientific findings have revealed that the extract of various parts of S. cumuni showed significant biological actions such as antihyperglycemic , cardioprotective and radioprotective.

    “Hyperglycemia” is derived from the Greek word hyper (high) + glykys (sweet/glucose /sugar) + haina(blood). Hyperglycemia occurs when a person have too much glucose in his blood. Impaired glucose homeostasis is the major causative factor for hyperglycemia, which primarily occurs due to imbalance between glucose production in the liver and its uptake and utilization in the peripheral cells.

    It is the central metabolic abnormality in diabetes mellitus and it serves as the basis for making the diagnosis in both Type -1 and Type-2 diabetes. Hyperglycemia is characterized by fasting and post prandial blood sugar levels, if left untreated, hyperglycemia can lead to various complications including damage to kidneys, heart, eyes, blood vessels and nervous system. In extreme cases, it can lead to a diabetic coma.

    This book on conventional herbal plants especially focusing on the therapeutic potential of Syzigium cumuni in hyperglycemia, updated account on Syzigium cumuni from multidisciplinary perspectives and characterstics.

  • Advances in Engineering Research and Innovations

    This book synthesizes a broad array of cutting-edge research across diverse fields of engineering and technology, each chapter reflecting innovative strides toward addressing global challenges. From sustainable materials to automation, energy efficiency, and advanced manufacturing techniques, the studies delve into the transformative potential of science and engineering. The compilation begins with advancements in materials science, exploring novel approaches to sustainable energy, carbon capture, and industrial process optimization. This foundation is enriched by investigations into composite materials, thermal systems, and renewable resources, showcasing interdisciplinary solutions for ecological and industrial demands. Further chapters examine material testing, characterization, and corrosion engineering, presenting breakthroughs in enhancing durability, efficiency, and environmental safety. Progress in robotics and AI-driven automation underscores the increasing integration of intelligent systems in enhancing productivity and safety across sectors. Special attention is given to sustainable energy systems, fluid dynamics, and advanced manufacturing, reflecting global imperatives for innovation in renewable energy, efficient processes, and resilient materials. Contributions in biomechanics, biomedical engineering, and environmental sustainability demonstrate the profound impact of technology on human health, safety, and ecological balance. In unison, these chapters illustrate the role of engineering and science in addressing the pressing demands of a rapidly evolving world, paving the way for a sustainable and technologically advanced future. Each study stands as a testament to the ingenuity and determination of researchers committed to improving the quality of life and fostering global progress.

  • Recent Advances in Mathematical Research and Computer Science Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of Mathematical Research and Computer Science. The contributions by the authors include clean matrix, idempotent matrix, diophantine equation, dynamics of rational maps, fault analysis, generator coherency, power Quality, fuzzy logic, information systems, lime kiln, knowledge base, expert knowledge, linguistic variables, fuzzy rules, decomposition of graph, continuous monotonic decomposition, arithmetic decomposition, odd star decomposition, fuzzy c means algorithm, fast fuzzy c means, k-nearest neighbor, particle swarm optimization, radial basis function neural network, k-nearest neighbor, ANN machine learning method, Broadband traffic, TCP flow, bandwidth, Arrow impossibility, E.C.T, Weber-Fechner, negative Schwarz’ derivative, skewness, morphic resonance, Poincare – Dulac, synapses, skew-symmetric form, evolutionary differential form, nonidentical relation, degenerate transformation, differential-geometrical structure. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  Mathematical Research and Computer Science.

  • Stunting-Induced Compensatory Growth in Aquaculture: Mechanisms and Implications

    Aquaculture, underwater agriculture, is defined as the rearing of fish in a natural or artificially created environment which favors their growth. Among the animal protein-producing sectors, aquaculture is an important food production industry, which is undergoing development and intensification of culture practices globally. From an insignificant industry in the 1970s, aquaculture has undergone a major transformation, competing with the marine fishing sector in terms of production. According to the latest FAO (2024) report, 185 mmt of fish were produced at the global of which aquaculture alone produced 94.4 mmt of fish, with a contribution value of 51%. Of the total fish produced, 89% was utilized for direct human consumption. Presently, around 600 aquatic species have been raised in captivity at the global level, but their preferences may vary based on local region, market price and demand. However, because of human evolution and expansion, the demand for fish is increasing day by day and by 2050, the sector needs to double its current production to meet global fish demand. To address the nutritional needs of the expanding fish consumption population, the aquaculture sector must achieve a blue revolution – through the implementation of intensive culture systems to increase the production of fish and marine products. In the 1980s, the sector initiated intensification with the introduction of quality feed, hatchery-produced seed, aeration devices and other pond and fish health management techniques. The aquaculture sector has many positive aspects such as i) minimal carbon emissions among the food production sectors, ii) an efficient system for producing animal protein (in a world facing protein shortage), iii) the generation of organic products, and iv) the capacity to boost economies in developing nations (where 95% of fishers and farmers reside). Therefore, the wise use of existing natural resources, in aquaculture production systems is crucial to achieve future production targets.

  • Emerging Challenges in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of  agriculture and food science. The contributions by the authors include polysaccharides, monosaccharides, fructo-oligosaccharides, galacto-oligosaccharides, lacto-sucrose, malto-oligosaccharides, isomalto-oligosaccharides, cyclodextrins, xylo-oligosaccharides, soy-oligosaccharides, probiotics, prebiotics, drugs delivery system, wound healing, antinutrient analysis, food formulation, public health, food nutrition, lipid autoxidation, antioxidant activity, Climate change, producer and consumer surpluses, agricultural productivity, food security, land reclamation, agricultural irrigation, food production. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  agriculture and food science.

  • Introduction to Pseudobrookites: Synthesis and Experimental Techniques

    This book explains various methods of preparation of the ceramic samples of pseudobrookite compound and experimental measurement techniques to investigate their properties.  The book balances theory and experimental work, showing how to link them together, which is suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of material science.

    The pseudobrookite Fe2TiO5 has many interesting properties such as spin glass, spontaneous microcracking, thermal expansion anisotropy, etc. The magnetic ordering and dielectric hysteresis loop have been reported for the modified Fe2TiO5 pseudobrookite. The association of Tin with Lithium, Aluminium with Titanium and Lithium with Titanium is found to be advantageous in improving some of the important properties of this compound. Hence pseudobrookite compound with its modified forms opens new horizons for researchers.

    This book is important as it is dedicated to the bibliography of the pseudobrookite phase which has great scientific significance. Such resource provides a comprehensive reference for fresh researchers, facilitating access to historical studies, recent advancements and diversified applications of pseudobrookite in trending fields like material science, mineralogy and catalysis.

  • Recent Trends in Chemical and Material Sciences Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of  Chemical and Material Sciences. The contributions by the authors include nanostructure, electrochromic characters, photodetectors, optical and electronic devices, ferroelectric nanopowder, cholesteric liquid crystal, dielectric effect, carburizing treatment, transformation, Single crystal, slow cooling, meta stable zonewidth, Gigh pressure, X-ray diffraction, polymorphism, ecology, natural vegetation, ecosystem services, ecological network, coating properties, coating system, organic materials, inorganic materials. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  Chemical and Material Sciences

  • Science and Technology: Developments and Applications Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of science and technology. The contributions by the authors include wireless communication technologies, gas attenuation, microwave propagation, Astra 2E/2F/2G satellite link, hydrated bentonite plugs, bentonite pellets, displacement fluids, pellet hydration, remotely operated vehicles, unmanned aerial vehicle, non-destructive testing, aerial thermography, aquatic drones, DevOps environment, continuous testing, agile transformation, software quality assurance, property and casualty insurance sector, shift-left testing approach, agentic artificial intelligence, cybersecurity defense, distributed defense systems, adaptive security, digital banking technologies, economic empowerment, cybersecurity standards, technological advancements, knowledge society, smart classroom, online tutoring, diverse learners, Poole-Frenkel emission, metal/oxide/semiconductor, charge carrier transport mechanisms, vertical optimization method, pilotage services, acoustic doppler current profiler, liquefied natural gas, wave characteristics, pilot boarding safety, wave conditions. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of science and technology.

  • Environmental, Climate and Resource Issues on Earth. Governing Dynamics in Complex Systems

    Nature has been abused for some considerable time already, and still continues to be abused. Now, nature is fighting us back, increasingly stronger for some time, and it seems clearly that we are going to lose this fight, not only because we are not intelligent enough, but rather because we are also arrogant and greedy.

    Some time ago a joke has appeared that by being a bicyclist, who in fact myself I am, I am killing the world economy. Truth is, the present day world economy model is already long time ago an unhealthy and ill one and will anyway, by all means, very soon die, due to lack of enough cyclists. Though, the question remains whether we are smart enough to kill, we ourselves, this present dying economy model soon enough, before it is too late for saving our Planet, or all of us are killed in the dying process of this sick world economy.

    This book is based on previous papers of the author published within the International Dialogo Conference between 2018 and 2021, a conference on the dialogue between science and theology.

  • Language, Literature and Education: Research Updates Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of language, literature and education. The contributions by the authors include computer animations, Mayer’s cognitive theory, information and communication technology, psychomotor domain, animated visualization, constructivist learning, virtual reality, classroom engagement, virtual learning environments, learning theory, radical constructivism, learning management systems, cave automated virtual environment, virtual programming languages, cybersickness, mathematics anxiety, remedial psychological assistance, accounting, social cognitive theory, Cronbach’s coefficient alpha, smart classrooms, educational data mining, augmented reality, edu tech integration algorithm, academic achievements, nursing education, nursing administration, parental expectations, cyber security, linguistic skills, contextual learning method, gamification, bilingual dictionaries, point-based learning systems, simulated cyber attack response games, autism spectrum disorder, gamma-aminobutyric acid, social skills, neural networks, students’ wellbeing, subjective wellbeing theory, sustainable development goal, academic resilience. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of language, literature and education.

  • Challenges and Advances in Chemical Science Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of Chemical Science. The contributions by the authors include CO2 conversion, polyethylene membrane, enzyme immobilization, synergistic effect, composition hydrogel, air quality index, index values, air pollutants, Green synthesis, silver nanoparticles, pharmaceutical products, calorimetry, oxidizing agent, absorption spectra, dimeric product, Raman spectroscopy, moisture content, enthalpy change, heat capacity, FT-IR spectra, Kubelka-Munk expression, diffuse reflectance spectra, chemical reactions, antitumorigenic activity, MDCK cell line, cellulose photo-oxidation, copper monochloride, chemical nickel plating. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  Chemical Science.

  • Disease and Health: Research Developments Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of disease and health. The contributions by the authors include benign intracranial hypertension,  pediatric patient, spondylodiscitis, gadolinium enhancement, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, bronchial asthma, arginase 1, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, small molecule inhibitors, cancer immunotherapy, computer-aided drug design, Prankweb, pharmacophore-based virtual screening, docking-based virtual screening, protein-protein interaction map, pharmacophore query construction, molecular docking, Adme-Tox prediction, non-communicable diseases, anti-retroviral therapy, chronic viral inflammatory syndrome, antigenic stimulus, molecular mimicry, macrophage, interleukins, mitochondrial dysfunction, human immunodeficiency virus, social psychology, public distrust, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, orthopoxvirus, monkeypox, lymphadenopathy, encephalitis, molluscum contagiosum, geriatric medicine, healthy aging, xanthogranulomatous endometritis, inflammatory lesion, infertility, antibiotic therapy. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of disease and health.

  • Impact of National Horticulture Mission on Socio-Economic Status of Beneficiaries in Davanagere District of Karnataka

    Central Government and respective State Governments are implementing several agricultural development programmes for the betterment of farming community in the last seven decades. At national level these development programmes brought considerable changes in economic growth of the sector and also attained near self-sufficiency in food security. One such programme is National Horticultural Mission (NHM) launched by Central Government in 2004-05 for holistic development of horticulture sector in the country. This programme is regionally differentiated with district as unit and with highest allocation of funds since independence in agricultural sector. The components of NHM consists of area expansion in horticulture crops, increased production and productivity, high-tech horticulture, skill development and capacity building of farmers, plant protection measures, support to organic farming, mechanization, employment generation, post-harvest management and processing and marketing support. The programme consists of subsidies, material support, technical guidance and capacity building to identified farmers. In Karnataka, the programme is implemented by Karnataka State Department of Horticulture from 2006 onwards in phased manner and from 2009 onwards the programme is implemented throughout the state.

    These research findings indicate the impact of NHM programme on individual beneficiaries level from all the 6 blocks of Davanagere district covering 24 villages and 144 beneficiaries. This book contains the impact of National Horticulture Mission on socio-economic status of beneficiaries in Davanagere district of Karnataka state. The impact of the programme is analysed keeping standard of living of beneficiaries before and after participation in NHM. Standard of living is a complex terminology and to understand it better it is expressed in terms annual income, social status, employment generation and re-investment pattern in terms value addition in education, investment on assets, investment on savings, investment on social functions. The computed standard of living of beneficiaries is correlated and regretted to establish relationship and extant of contribution with personal variables of beneficiaries for better understanding. The constraints and suggestions of beneficiaries in implementation of NHM programme are documented. The research findings are immense practical value to concerned implementing agency and policy makers to address the identified lacunas in NHM and other similar development programmes.

  • Language, Literature and Education: Research Updates Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of language, literature and education. The contributions by the authors include volume of utterance, merchant of Venice, thematic presentation, vengeance, evaluation system, curriculum innovation, educational institutions, learning programs, cultural connotation, Chinese numerical idioms, arithmetic value, cultural significance, print and digital texts, didactic approach, critical reading, learning processes, future tense expressions, quantitative typology, grammatical inflections, verbal category, self-determination theory, learning motivation, expectancy-value theory, value of education, academic performance, sociocultural approaches, teaching practices, kindergarten classrooms, cognitive constructivist theory, employee behavior, social psychology, fundamental attribution error, attribution theory, naive psychology, Natyashastra, ethical archetypes, complex psychological entity, literary genres, social-emotional competencies, cultural dependence, emotional regulation, defining issues test, rational model, management, higher education . This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of language, literature and education.

  • Novel Perspectives of Engineering Research Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of Engineering Research. The contributions by the authors include Educational data mining, feature selection, ensemble methods, extratree classifier, Neural networks, transformer, fault detection, discrete wavelet transform (DWT), inrush current, Computer aided design, streamlining complex processes, CAD/CAM technology, Prediction model, stiffness, embroidered fabric, computerized embroidery machine, linear multiple regression, apparel fabric, textile fabric, flexural rigidity, bending length, taguchi experiment design, Double-sided slopes, seismic load, failure mode, failure mechanism, two-dimensional particle flow program, Cellular network, charging, IoT and non-IoT devices, and security, Remote sensing, geometric corrections, ground control points, classification, Shock waves, Gasdynamics, granular flows, shock standoff distance, shock interaction,  fan-beam, prototype, radon transform, sinogram, CT scanner,  Interline Power Flow Controller, fuzzy logic, damping of oscillations, Ordinary portland cement, Recycled Aggregate, Coconut Shell Aggregate, Natural Aggregate, fine aggregate, compressive strength, split tensile strength, Disentanglement, distant sounding, measuring rod, Crete-Greece, electricity, water-energy nexus, renewable energies, resources,  Interrupted-Sampling Repeater Jamming, time-frequency analysis, gated recurrent unit neural network , sparse representation, target locating, and jamming suppression. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Engineering Research.

  • New Ideas Concerning Arts and Social Studies Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of arts and social studies. The contributions by the authors include school cultural festivals, performing arts, art education, traditional family planning methods, modern family planning methods, judo, cartesian dualism, gender-sensitive, post-conflict recovery, transitional justice, legal reforms, gender sensitivity, gender inequality, Sudanese women empowerment, intersectionality theory, gender equality, healing, quality of life, mental health, social relations, artistic talents, cultivation criteria, Chinese culture, virtual imaging technology, kidnapping, social-security, unemployment, weak governance, corruption, ethnic tensions, political instability, political destabilization, brain drain, talent flight, vigilantism, public trust, deficient financial aid, assistive technology, geographic information system, global policy frameworks, unmet family planning, lactational amenorrhea method, child bearing period, memory system, sensory memory, semantic memory, mnemonics devices, memory distortion, road traffic accidents, critical thinking, basic gap, statistical thinking.  This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of arts and social studies.

  • Neurosensory Evaluation of the Inferior Alveolar Nerve: Must Know in Dental Office

    We the authors are glad to bring out this book which will comprehensively help the clinicians in performing neurosurgical evaluation of maxillofacial complex. The book will provide innovative way of utilizing available resources to the best of their outcome. The methods that are beautifully illustrated will help the clinician in documenting neurosensory status with great ease and not utilizing valuable clinical time. We are sanguine that the readers will be benefitted and will further amply the knowledge so that a lot can be explored on this scantly practiced area. The evaluation holds good for pre and post cases of planned surgeries such as trauma, orthognathic surgeries and other aesthetic hard and soft tissue procedures.

    It is with great enthusiasm and positive anticipation that we publish this edition with updated information. It is hoped that all readers, globally will find within its content the clinical skill and expertise on the said topic and also act as inspiration and help us improve better!

  • Pharmaceutical Science: New Insights and Developments Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of pharmaceutical science. The contributions by the authors include nanoparticles, medicated chocolate, polymeric particles, active pharmaceutical ingredients, analgesics, dynamic light scattering, electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dendrimers, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, x-ray diffraction, malnutrition, tuberculosis, zinc deficiency, atopic dermatitis, mupirocin, xanthan gum, extracellular matrix, anti-elastase assays, polydispersity index, plaque assay, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, time-of-addition assay, molecular docking analysis, network pharmacology analysis, viral proteases, viral entry, pseudo virus, multi-drug resistant, rifampicin, geriatric medicine, intrinsic capacity,  sensory dimensions, emotion sleep, serum dehydroepiandrosterone, spray drying method, drug entrapment efficacy, diltiazem hydrochloride microsphere, coagulase-negative staphylococci, polysaccharide intercellular adhesin, poly gamma-glutamate, horizontal gene transfer, cyclooxygenase, subjective cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment,  endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of pharmaceutical science.

  • Physiotherapy in Health Care

    This book is intended to all the Allied and Healthcare professionals, and students who are pursuing physiotherapy profession as their career. The scope of this book is to provide the reader with an up to date understanding of the health care practice in India, significance of Allied and health care professionals in the rehabilitation team. Moreover this book contains information regarding Physiotherapy profession, regulating bodies, Ethical principles of Physiotherapy practice. This book also guides the readers to make their decision in situations of ethical dilemmas, which occur frequently in health care service.
    We are grateful to be the authors of such a book that will be must to serve as a source of information for any Allied and health care profession committed to helping all the patients who have to cope with painful and disabling disease.

  • THE IMMUNODERMAL ASSAYS ILLUSTRATED

    An idea was going on within my mind that was oriented towards preparing a text for immune skin testing in humans, rabbits, rats, mice and chicks. The presumed text bears the name "The immunodermal Assys Illustrated”. Thus, to investigate the originality of the idea, a dig through recent and rather old literature related to this topic, Four publications were found as in the followings;

    • Brockow K, Mortaz CG 2019.Global Atlas of Skin Allergy, EAACI.knowledge Hub.
    • Fiskin E et al.2023.Multimodal Skin Atlas identified a multicellular immuno-stromal community associated with altered conformation and specific T cell expansion in atopic dermatitis. bioRxiv.2023.Cold Spring Haber Laboratory.
    • Light camera and action; Vertebrate skin tests, the stage for immune cell interactions with arthropod-vectored pathogen. Front. Immunol. 4; doi.10 ..fimmu.2013.00286.
    • O'Neal K.2022.Mapping the Body's Defense Systems: The Immune Cell Atlas. Technology Network. Com. Immunology Article36725.

    The abovementioned publications were found spanning around the idea but not really within the considered theme. The present book theme is an excerpt of rather a decade of work in our laboratories at Babylon University from 1998 to 2014. Whereby I have been working as a professor in the Biology Department, College of Science. This assay book was intended to present curated information in an atlas form through the use of an easy simple lucid way and suggested for freshman immunology students and researchers.

  • Corrosion-Fatigue Interaction

    The present book is focused on fundamental concepts of Corrosion-Fatigue interaction of Different Materials. It is the outgrowth of our several years of teaching postgraduate courses in mechanical engineering department.

    It is expected that the book will be a useful reference/text for professionals/students of engineering and including Corrosion-Fatigue research and project consultants. We have tried not only to give a comprehensive coverage of the various aspects of Corrosion-Fatigue analysis but provided an exhaustive appendix on interest examples. These examples, along with the topics discussed, will, we believe, help both students and teachers in carrying out Corrosion-Fatigue analysis and solving problems. In this book, all the basic concepts in Corrosion-Fatigue are clearly identified and presented in a simple manner with illustrative and practical examples.

    Any suggestions for improving the contents would be warmly appreciated.

  • Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 10

    This book covers key areas of medical science. The contributions by the authors include cutaneous larva migrans, travel medicine, skin diseases, cardiac myxoma, atrial myxoma, papillary cystadenomas, von Hippel-Lindau disease, post-pubertal males, digital tender point testing, low back pain, nociplastic pain, invasive sino-orbital fungal infection, immunocompetent host, ventral hernia repair techniques, laparoscopic repair, post-operative recovery, robotic TAPP, isoniazid mono-resistant tuberculosis, aminoglycosides, rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis, acute stress disorder, trauma patients, obstructive sleep apnea, cognitive behavioral interventions, excessive daytime sleepiness, insomnia, sleep deprivation, malic enzyme, glucokinase, diabetes mellitus, obesity, end-stage renal disease, chronic kidney disease, hemodialysis, chronic renal failure, caspase-12, hepatocyte apoptosis, carbon tetrachloride, endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated pathways, gut hormones, cholecystokinin, DPP-4 inhibitors, anti-müllerian hormone, in vitro fertilization, transforming growth factor \(\beta\) family, assisted reproductive technologies. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of medical science.

  • Emerging Trends in Disease and Health Research Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of Disease and Health Research. The contributions by the authors include twin therapeutic approach, biophysiological parameters, blood stream infections, antimicrobial resistance, pseudomonas positivity and sensitivity, undernutrition, health mix, nutritional quality, sensory evaluation, anti-nutritional content, geriatrics, COVID-19, stress, anxiety, internality-externality, locus of control, occupational health, personality, psychological strain, diabetes, gastrointestinal, obesity, pharmabiotics, stressogenic situation, allergy, health equity, health infrastructure, human resources for health. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  Disease and Health Research.

  • Geography, Earth Science and Environment: Research Highlights Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of geography, earth science and environment. The contributions by the authors include eutrophication, nutrient enrichment, water quality, trophic state index, absorption system, organic rankine cycle, geothermal power plant, trinary system, absorption system, nanomaterials, air pollution management, tribal health, land cover transformations, deforestation, geospatial analysis, water repellency, Cisticolae, contour feathers, water penetration, repellency, porous surfaces, spread-wing posture, fuel cells, hybrid energy systems, energy generation, renewable energies, solar photovoltaics, geothermal heat pump systems, grey prediction model, arsenic contamination, groundwater hydrochemistry, redox potential, groundwater management. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of geography, earth science and environment.

  • Challenges and Advances in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of  Pharmaceutical Research. The contributions by the authors include emulsifier, surface tension, hydrophilic and lipophilic properties, multivariate calibration technique, pharmaceutical formulation, anti-quorum sensing, antibacterial activity, prodrug approach, azo prodrugs, anti-cancer drug, colon directed drug transport, Ramos-1 cells, lymphoma, high performance liquid chromatographic method, Cardiovascular diseases, lipid profile, fish consumption, atherogenic indices, : bioavailability, micronization, microorganisms, phlobatannin, cardiac glycosides, pharmaceutical and pharmacological formulations. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  Pharmaceutical Research.

  • Study of Wind Motions During the Presence of High-altitude Cloud–Cirrus Using MST Radar and Lidar

    Varieties of clouds are seen at different altitudes in the Earth’s atmosphere. The role of clouds in climate is in its capability of modulating the Earth’s basic radiation balance and in producing precipitation. The global energy balance equation is affected on both sides by the clouds by reflecting incoming sunlight and hindering the heat radiation from the surface. Most of the clouds are formed in the lower atmosphere i.e. troposphere. Clouds in the troposphere are classified based on their altitude of formation as high, middle and low clouds. Low clouds (stratus, stratocumulus and nimbostratus) and middle clouds (altocumulus, altocumulus castellanus, altostratus and nimbostratus) mostly reflect the solar radiation and cool the Earth’s surface while the high clouds (cirrus, cirrostratus and cirrocumulus) transmit the short-wave radiation and cause heating of the atmosphere. So, the study of high-altitude clouds finds its importance rather than the low or middle-altitude clouds.

  • Research Developments in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of  Arts and Social Studies. The contributions by the authors include artisanal tine mining, mineral resources, binge drinking, health implications, socialization, symbiosis, epigraphical sources, teaching Creative Thinking, federal finance, employment agencies, social networks, democracy, communism, pandemic situation, economies, crimes, test anxiety inventory, service-learning, social work, stereotype, social conventions, pragmatics, COVID-19, depression, distress, mental health. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  Arts and Social Studies.

  • Proceedings of the 8\(^{th}\) International Conference on Solidification and Gravity

    Solidification and Gravity (SG) conferences are usually held every 4 years in Miskolc -Lillafüred. Since the last (seventh) conference, 6 years have passed due to changes in the world, especially the COVID crisis. Despite the difficulties, together with Hungarian researchers, 55 participants from 15 countries participated in the conference, where 38 oral presentations were given, and 15 Posters were presented (also in short oral presentations) in the In situ observation, Melt flow, Simulation and Microgravity sessions.

    The 2024 CETSOL (ESA) project meeting was connected to the conference and researchers who did not attend the conference connected online.

    The participants of the conference were welcomed by the Rector of the University of Miskolc for a pleasant dinner, visited Hungary's largest wine cellar in the Tokaj region, where they tasted the world-famous Tokaj wine and participated in a special concert (from Bach to jazz).

    Most participants left with the question of when the next one would be. The organisers expressed their hope that the conference will be held again in four years 2028.

  • Research Aspects in Agriculture and Veterinary Science Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of Agriculture and Veterinary Science. The contributions by the authors include ethno-veterinary practices, dry cow therapy, Enterotoxaemia vaccine, immune response, ELISA test, field conditions, vaccine production, tide motion bioreactor, stream discharge, GIS model, SWAT model, SarsCov2, veterinary syndrome, Domestic cavy body weight, morpho-structural traits, body dimension, Tracheo-bronchial swab, mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, respiratory disease, employment generation, fish farming, income and Sodic Soil, anthelmintics, anthelmintic and economic efficacy, grazing, rumination, ethology, nternational harmonized analytical method, organic solvent-free, HPLC, residue monitoring. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Agriculture and Veterinary Science.

  • Chemistry and Biochemistry: Research Progress Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of chemistry and biochemistry. The contributions by the authors include \(\beta\)-Cyclodextrin, textile industry, dyeing process, textile effluent treatment, aldrin,  dieldrin, hen's egg yolk, biofunctional textiles, textile properties, cotton substrates, B-cyclodextrin-modified cotton fabric, medical applications, photodynamic action, nanostructures, rice husk ash, polyaniline, neurochemical, cytotoxicity evaluation, carbon dots, human fluid, renewable natural pigments, batik fabrics, wood waste, biomass wastes, \(\alpha\)-Oxodithioesters, quinoxalinnes, thiazoles, Cyperus rotundus, Typha latifolia, phytochemicals, antimicrobial activity. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of chemistry and biochemistry.

  • Innovations in Science and Technology Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of Science and Technology. The contributions by the authors include electrospinning, fabrication techniques, nano-fibrous membrane, air filtration, particulate matter, environmental applications, dynamic fractal, lattice, crystal, mathematical model, nano system, physical properties, harmonic behaviors, water structure, external influence, magnetic field, ultraviolet irradiation, low energy activation, angular kinetic energy theorem, angular kinetic energy conservation law, non-rotation criterion, rotation extreme value law, cosmology, probability of destruction, adhesion strength, distributive network, power restoration, dispatcher adviser, biodegradable materials, matter light interaction, quantum biology, retina-like imaging, three-dimensional reconstruction, deep learning, ghost imaging. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Science and Technology.

  • Food Science and Agriculture: Research Highlights Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of food science and agriculture. The contributions by the authors include relative codon bias strength, Cucumis sativus, modified relative codon bias, amino acids analysis, mathematical modeling, computational fluid dynamics, discrete element method, grain storage design, biological control, Phonoctonus lutescens, food processing, ultrasound technology, preservation technology, microbial inactivation, endospore inactivation, drone technology, partial budgeting, unmanned aerial vehicle, oil holding capacity, ergastic crystals, dietary oxalate, oxalate synthesising gene, Hermia’s empirical model, transmembrane pressure, membrane molecular weight, colloidal substances. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of food science and agriculture.

  • Novel Perspectives of Engineering Research Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of Engineering Research. The contributions by the authors include body temperature, heart rate and SpO2, acquisition system, USB controller, OLED display, genetic algorithm, generation shift factors, nonlinear internal model control, neural networks, MIMO non-square systems, evolutionary algorithms, metamodels, simulations, aquaculture system, trickling filter, water quality, public transport, modal split, traffic modeling, phreatic line, homogeneous embankment, geology, geo-spatial technique, Hardness, Jonsson- Hogmark model, clay pavers, wood sawdustcompressive strength, water absorption, flexible cantilever, turbulence, ultrasonic velocity profiler, morphological processing, gray level co-occurrence Matrix, zernike moments, entropy, Inverse Difference Moment, content based image retrieval, association rule mining techniques, analysis, image similarity, binary pixel. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Engineering Research.

  • Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 13

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical science. The contributions by the authors include health technology assessment, awake surgery, integrated team working, supratotal removal, early disease diagnosis, FTIR spectroscopy, body fluids analysis, machine learning-based partial least squares discriminant analysis, linear scalp incision, skin flaps, supratentorial superficial lesion, cranial surgery, frontal lobe functions, extrinsic connections, corticofugal projections, degree of automaticity, Brodmann area, uropathogens, urinary tract infections, beta lactam-beta-lactamase inhibitor combination drugs, inducible clindamycin resistance, diabetes mellitus, subclinical atherosclerosis, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, surrogate biomarker, noncommunicable diseases, spinal muscular atrophy, Duchenne muscular, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, big data, precision medicine, cancer testis antigen 45, ovarian cancer, molecular analysis, high-grade serous ovarian cancer, papillary thyroid carcinoma, thyroglossal duct cyst, de novo carcinogenesis, cervical lymphadenopathy, acute fatty liver, lower segment cesarean section, transfusion of fresh frozen plasma, disseminated intravascular coagulation, preeclampsia, metabolic reprogramming, prostate cancer, TP53 gain-of-function mutations, androgen deprivation therapy, immunohematology, hemolytic disease, allosensibilisation, antierythrocyte antibodies, fetomaternal bleedings, competency based medical education, curriculum, attitude, ethics and communication module, foundation of communication, doctor-patient relationship, prostate-specific antigen, angiogenesis, prostate tumor, prostate-specific antigen, reactive oxygen species. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of medicine and medical science.

  • New Innovations in Economics, Business and Management Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of  Economics, Business and Management. The contributions by the authors include social event, business model, circular economy, industry hack, smart solution, gamification, ECOWAS treaty, food trade, openness index, trade index, social protection, economics, economic disruptions and agricultural inefficiency, expanded public works programme, macroeconomic variables, stock markets development, panel data analysis, globalization,  advanced economies, diversification, product diversification, geographic diversification, capital markets, information asymmetry, balanced scorecard, applied strategic analysis, comparative assessment, variance diagnostic, Corporate social responsibility, physical and natural capital assist, livelihood strategies, fangoa cluster communities, corruption perception index, investment policy, world economy, global investment, shadow economy, growth drivers, retail industry, emerging trends and amalgamation of firms, consumer behavior. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  Economics, Business and Management.

  • Chemical and Materials Sciences: Research Findings Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of chemical and materials sciences. The contributions by the authors include dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, pyrrole derivatives, parasites, pharmacophore model, quantitative structure–activity relationships model, HPLC Analysis, CYR1-derived polyhydroxyalkanoates, sensing behavior, barium titanate, perovskite, piezoelectricity, rare-earth elements, nanofiller, epoxy resin composite materials, carbon fiber reinforced polymer, Van der Waals interactions, reduced graphene oxide, electrochemical water splitting, cobalt-metal-organic frameworks, electrocatalysts, hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, yttrium, \(\gamma\)-glycine nonlinear optical crystal, differential scanning calorimetry, crystal's second harmonic generation efficiency, macronutrients, physico-chemical properties, salt-affected soils, proper irrigation management, soil testing programs, soda lignin, water-soluble polyelectrolyte complex, polyethyleneimine, recycled polypropylene, adhesion enhancer. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of chemical and materials sciences.

  • Life and Fiction in Defoe’s Moll Flanders

    This book deals with Life and Fiction in Defoe’s Moll Flanders. The book also covers key areas in Realism, Immorality, Imagination, and Didacticism. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians of this area.

  • Theoretical Study On Neutral Complexes M\(^{\pm}\) (H\(_2\)O) \(_n\)

    The book that I am presenting entitled “Theoretical Study on Neutral Complexes M± (H2O) n” is more specifically intended for researchers, and university students in the sciences of chemistry, physics and biology. It presents theoretical chemistry through a natural construction, starting from the principles of quantum mechanics.

  • Current Research in Language, Literature and Education Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of Language, Literature and Education. The contributions by the authors include foreign cultures, indigenous languages, foreign languages, competency development, music education, child learning, developmentally appropriate practice, spiritual development of personality, collaborative learning, inclusive education, computer-supported education, secondary education, special educational, emotionally disturbed child, academic performance, regular classroom, maladaptive behavior, mental health, teaching motivation, information and communication technologies, geometry, astronomy, perant theory, cognitive-behavior modification, autonomous learners, language learning, learner autonomy, learner independence, social changes, in-depth ethnographic structure. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Language, Literature and Education.

  • Engineering Research: Perspectives on Recent Advances Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of engineering research. The contributions by the authors include scour protection, downstream stilling basins, hydraulic jump, pre-engineered buildings, dynamic loading, euro code model, seismic load, design principles, floor plan, world cultural heritage, medium-voltage testbed, electrical grid events, smart grid, total harmonic distortion, novel robotic fish, PVC gel actuators, swimming mechanisms, robotic fish propulsion, pillar stability assessment, rheological behaviour, interaction principle, dry turning, EN19 steel material, sustainable manufacturing, energy efficiency, machining strategy, multilevel inverter, E-T type inverter circuit, neutral point clamped, total harmonic distortion. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of engineering research.

  • Innovations in Science and Technology Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of Science and Technology. The contributions by the authors include housing deficit, abandoned projects, public project completion, sustainability, reactivating model, corrosion, aluminum alloys, homoscedasticity, climate change, molecular diversity, drought, microsatellites, sustainable agriculture, water stress, mobile phone technology, Earth dam, hydraulic gradient, seepage, finite element method, uplift pressure, hydraulic conductivity, breeding, genetic diversity microsatellites, sustainable agriculture, soybean genotypes, SSR molecular markers, heavy oil, enhanced oil recovery, monozygotic and dizygotic traits, spectral theory. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Science and Technology.

  • Current Research Progress in Physical Science Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of physical science. The contributions by the authors include Hubble’s parametrization, Gauss-Bonnet gravity, isotropization, Hilbert Einstein action, Chevallier-Polarski-Linder parametrization, cosmology, thermodynamic parameters, Taylor’s series expansion, glass forming ability, Gibb’s free energy difference, enthalpy difference, spinodal decomposition, density functional theory, cellular neural networks, detection of hidden modes, graph neural circuits, operational transconductance amplifiers, anisotropic universe model, cold dark matter model, Bianchi universe models, plasma electrons, electron concentration, insulator melt, zwitterionic buffer, nanocrystalline sic films, resonance optical absorption, exciton-polariton state, microcavity. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of physical science.

  • Persistent and Prolonged Post-covid Sequelae in the Pandemia Era

    On March 11, 2020, the novel Corona virus disease (COVID-19), was described as a pandemic by World Health Organization (WHO). Globally, the COVID-19 has not only affected the public health socially but also has rigorously affected economically. As outbreak of this pandemic is not likely to wane in the nearby future, preventive actions are prerequisite to prevent infection spread, save people lives and also to save the economic affluence. In this review, based on the present knowledge and available literature, we have demonstrated the various aspects of post-COVID-19 effects over the social and clinical phases worldwide. Moreover, the evidence based data have been summarized regarding the scientific upgrades, social dynamics, stress and adapting in the pre- and post- COVID-19 situations.

  • Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of medical science. The contributions by the authors include cardiovascular training, adenosine triphosphate-phosphocreatine training, power training, myoplasticity, visceral adiposity index, cardiovascular markers, metabolic phenotype, personalized screening protocols, gestational diabetes mellitus, high-risk pregnancies, oral glucose tolerance test, musculoskeletal inflammation, tissue repair, musculoskeletal rehabilitation, physical therapy, tissue injury, cesarean delivery, morbidity, maternal mortality, perinatal mortality, fat embolism syndrome, long bone fractures, microembolisation, glia cells, neurological diseases, aging, synaptic communication, tooth-borne maxillary expansion, orthodontic treatment, mini-screw assisted rapid palatal expansion, mini-implant assisted slow palatal expansion, cranial complications, glaucoma diagnosis, ocular trauma, optical coherence tomography, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, plateau iris configuration. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of medical science.

  • Inflammatory Response to Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

    Cardiovascular diseases are the most important disease that can cause approximately one-third of deaths worldwide. It consists of ischemic heart disease, peripheral arterial disease, heart failure and stroke. The major form of cardiovascular diseases in the general population is coronary heart disease, which remains a significant proplem over the past several years. The treatment of coronary artery disease has been developed by the use of percutaneous coronary intervention, which becomes the focus of many researches in the cardiology field. However, the novel complication associated with this medical procedure is inflammatory reaction after coronary interventionthat might be interfering with patient outcome. Balloon angioplasty was the first landmark in treatment of coronary artery disease and was performed by Andreas Grüntzig in 1977. However, this technique had two major drawbacks: thrombosis and acute occlusion occurred in patients immediately after the procedure, and development of neointimal proliferation with restenosis occurred in patients within the first six months. Further efforts encouraged the introduction of bare metal stent which performed by Sigwart et al. following balloon angioplasty. In 1987 the bare metal stent was the first food and drug administration approved stent in the USA. Also this new technology had major problems: stent thrombosis and in-stent restenosis. However, during 1he 1990s follow-up studies sought to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the vascular response to percutaneous coronary intervention and stenting. The introduction of the first generation of drug-eluting stent aimed at reducing neointimal hyperplasia has been explored. Second-generation drug eluting stent showed superiority to first-generation drug eluting stent by lower rates of stent thrombosis. To overcome the hypersensitivity reaction to the durable polymer, non-polymeric third-generation drug eluting stent with biodegradable polymers also developed. In parallel, fourth-generation drug eluting stent constructed with fully bioresorbable scaffolds designed to provide vessel support and deliver the antiproliferative drug to prevent neointimal proliferation for a defined period after coronary intervention procedure followed by gradual resorption leaving behind no permanent foreign material. In 2017, the FDA released a warning related to the increased incidence of device thrombosis and it was subsequently removed from the global market. Inflammation plays an important role in the development of atherosclerosis which is the underlying cause for most cardiovascular disease and is a process that starts early in life and progresses slowly and silently for decades. Recent studies has demonstrated that implant of coronary artery stents induces the beginning of a local and systemic inflammatory response and restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention. An initial acute inflammatory cell response was shown within 0 to 3 days but  acute inflammation subsides is replaced by chronic inflammatory cells within 2 to 4 weeks post intervention. This inflammatory reaction triggered by the stent insertion is maintained by the mechanism of stent expansion with vessel wall rupture, in addition to permanent radial mechanical strain applied to arterial wall and thepresence of an intravascular residual metallic foreign material. Several studies have demonstrated that percutaneous coronary intervention induces the release of multiple inflammatory markers that are associated with a later poor prognosis in patients.

  • New Advances in Business, Management and Economics Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of business, management and economics. The contributions by the authors include cash holdings, debt cost, SBF120 index, agency theory, organizational commitment, team dynamics, diversity and inclusion, employee training, graduate agricultural programs, accreditation, capacity-building relationships, stakeholder participation measures, institutional resilience, faculty development, information and communication technology, differences-in-difference technique, vector autoregressive model, labour productivity, intellectual property, world trade organization, trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights agreement, GAP analysis, onion production, optimum output constraints, input-output ratio, average cropping intensity, corporate social responsibility, corporate performances, employee welfare package, return on assets, leadership styles, blended leadership approach, change management difficulties, critical thinking skills, social media influencer marketing, confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modelling, exploratory factor analysis. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of business, management and economics.

  • Challenging Issues on Environment and Earth Science Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of environment and earth science. The contributions by the authors include pesticide contamination, vegetables, water soaking, pollution status, consumer awareness, physicochemical parameters, water quality, Cosmic particles, electric breakdown, climate changes, electro-static charges, Vascular flora analysis, endemic species, Chott El Hodna wetland, Detrended Correspondence Analysis, pediatric chronic disease, air pollution, asthma predictability index, soil analysis, Sources of pollution, ecological diversity, geomorphological diversity,  forest ecosystems, and drinking water. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Environment and Earth Science.

  • Current Status and Future Prospects of Interdisciplinary Literature Reading among University Educators and Students

    In an academic world that is constantly evolving, the journey of knowledge often leads us beyond the walls of traditional disciplines. "Current Status and Future Prospects of Interdisciplinary Literature Reading Among University Educators and Students" explores the profound impact of interdisciplinary reading practices within higher education. This book is the fruit of over a decade of passionate research and rich experiences from the vibrant Nanjing Normal University Library.

    The past ten years have seen dramatic shifts in educational paradigms, profound societal transformations, and the unprecedented challenges brought forth by the COVID-19 pandemic. These dynamics have reshaped our understanding of interdisciplinary literature, revealing its crucial role in nurturing critical thinking, creativity, and collaborative spirit among educators and students.

    Throughout the chapters of this work, I will provide insights from the analysis of library circulation records spanning from 2014 to 2023, integrated with findings from five insightful research studies. We will navigate the landscape of interdisciplinary literature reading, examining its current status, celebrating its successes, and identifying the remaining challenges. Furthermore, we shall gaze into the future, envisioning the possibilities that interdisciplinary practices hold for enriching academic discourse and enhancing library services tailored to the diverse needs of our educational communities.

    This book is more than a mere collection of findings; it is an invitation to dialogue about the transformative power of interdisciplinary literature. As we connect the dots across various fields of study, we open ourselves to a tapestry of perspectives that can inspire innovative educational approaches.

    I hope this work ignites curiosity among researchers and educators and is a valuable resource that fosters necessary discussions on interdisciplinary literature's role in shaping future generations' aspirations. Together, let us embrace the wealth of knowledge from interdisciplinary exploration and cultivate a more interconnected, dynamic, and innovative educational landscape.

  • Current Research in Language, Literature and Education Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of Language, Literature and Education. The contributions by the authors include occupational stress, burnout syndrome, primary education teacher, Lifelong learning, design principles, development of study programs, academy-industry collaboration, challenges for lifelong learning, action design research, pharmacy, psychology, learning media, career cards, thematic learning, career guidance in primary school, Palestinian-Israeli women, social status, economic independence, professional identity, Distance e-learning, Reflexive actions in solving problems, non-academic program, extracurricular classes, theory of education management process, intramural quality management, socio-pragmatics, performative act, communicative, silence, classroom management, Teacher's classroom language, Teacher's responsibilities and criticism, evaluation of teacher's performance. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Language, Literature and Education.

  • Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of medical science. The contributions by the authors include malignant epithelial cells, DNA-karyometry, automated cytology, machine learning approach, facial scanning technology, 3D laser scanning, photogrammetry, stereophotogrammetry, esthetic dentistry, patient-specific customizations, acute hand burns, superficial burns, early excision, osteonecrosis, avascular necrosis, non-surgical treatment, evidence-based algorithm, cesarean delivery, women’s autonomy, maternal request, metacarpal fracture, Bier’s block, wide awake local anaesthesia no tourniquet technique, insulin autoantibodies, diabetes mellitus type 2, immunological differences, continuous wave, micropulse transscleral laser cyclophotocoagulation, refractory glaucoma, micropulse wave, tissue engineering, coronary artery disease, regenerative medicine, cardiac regenerative therapy, first generation cell-based therapy, International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health-Children & Youths version framework, disabilities, informed consent, artificial neural network, patient information, aortic arch, surgical procedures, vertebral artery. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of medical science.

  • Modern Perspectives in Economics, Business and Management Vol. 11

    This book covers key areas of Economics, Business and Management. The contributions by the authors include information management, knowledge management, data mining, marketing decision, financial profitability, economic profitability, foreign exchange interventions, traditional monetary policy tools, public financial management, equity, revenue mobilization, cryptocurrencies, monetary system, monetary policy, block chain analysis, compromise effect, perceived behavioral control, behavioral intention, environmental awareness, wetland issues, factor analysis, new ecological paradigm. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Economics, Business and Management.

  • Power Industry Economics, Renewable Energy Systems, Electric Vehicles Engineering Design & Applications

    This book is a motivation from the author's contribution to the electrical power engineering industry from his professional work and research experience. The research studies and analysis presented in this book offer practical applications when it comes to the integration of renewable energy into the existing power grid. Being focused on the decarbonization of the power industry with electric vehicle charging stations powered from renewable sources such as wind and solar, the areas of focus in this book start with presenting solutions to how market forces can be turned in favor of an automobile, renewable energy, or any other industry.

    The goal of this book is to present some research findings from the literature review and models for feasibility analysis of wind, solar, and combined systems for improving the penetration of electric vehicles. Practical challenges with electric vehicle charging stations for their power capacity became a driving force in the exploration of options for safe design and operation practices. The studies present innovative frameworks for both academic and working professionals.

    Finally, the author is deeply grateful to the readers for taking the time to explore the book. The author is sincerely grateful to his colleagues, friends, and family for their valuable support. Especially my family, Niya, Nivaan, and Khushbu.

  • Emulsions in Oil Pipeline Flow Transport

    The presence of emulsions in crude oil will lead to the formation of different flow regimes or flow patterns, which behave dissimilarly from the single-phase flow. This directly affects the transportation of the crude oil because mixture with different flow patterns needed different input power in order to pump the mixture. Higher operating costs are also needed to deal with the separation of emulsions from crude oil. This book will be useful to oil and gas industry as the design of pipeline which produces least emulsion can be used in real field.

  • Pharmaceutical Science: New Insights and Developments Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of pharmaceutical science. The contributions by the authors include chitosan-based nanoparticles, drug delivery, oral route, enzyme barrier, ionic gelation technique, emulsion solvent evaporation method, rare haematological diseases, erythropoietic defects, thalassemia syndromes, erythroenzymopathies, haemolytic uremic syndrome, bone marrow failure, anxiolytic activity, Mercurialis annua, anxiety, diazepam, benzodiazepines, allergic asthma, Asparagus officinalis extract, carrageenan, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, antioxidant capacity, antioxidant assays, reactive nitrogen species, ferric reducing antioxidant power, cupric reducing antioxidant capacity, hydrogen atom transfer, cytotoxicity, polymer matrix, bio-imaging, polymeric nanoparticles, nanosuspension technology, drug solubility improvement, bioadhesion, toxicity hazards, anti-aging, gelatin nanoparticles, anti-tyrosinase activities, cantigi leaves, health insurance funds, coronary heart disease, atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of pharmaceutical science.

  • Current Topics in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of Agricultural Sciences. The contributions by the authors include total anthocyanin, pigments, SARS-CoV-2, Pulse crops, black gram, green gram, procurement policy, technology index, B: C ratio, tomato cultivation, seed Testing, seed germination, Pest manipulation, apple varieties, ultra-low oxygen cold storage, intercropping system, Artificial neural network, mean squared error, productivity, harvesting, sprouting, Value added product, distillery spent wash and molasses, Info Crop model, wheat cultivars, irrigation, water use efficiency. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Agricultural Sciences.

  • Fundamentals of Timber Construction: Materials, Techniques, and Sustainability

    Timber has been a cornerstone of construction for centuries, valued for its versatility, strength, and aesthetic appeal. In recent years, as sustainability has become a central concern in modern architecture, timber is experiencing a resurgence as a preferred building material. Fundamentals of Timber Construction: Materials, Techniques, and Sustainability is designed to provide a comprehensive introduction to this essential field, catering to both newcomers and those seeking to deepen their understanding.

    This book explores the core principles and practices of timber construction, covering the essential materials, construction techniques, and the growing importance of sustainability in timber-based building practices. Whether you’re a student, professional, or enthusiast, this guide will equip you with the knowledge to navigate the complexities of working with timber, one of the most environmentally friendly and durable materials available.

    By exploring both traditional methods and modern innovations, this book aims to provide a balanced view of timber’s role in today's built environment, highlighting its potential for creating structures that are not only functional and beautiful but also aligned with sustainable building practices.

    I extend my heartfelt gratitude to all those who have contributed their expertise and passion to the creation of this book. It is my sincere hope that this work will not only serve as a reference but also inspire further exploration and innovation in the realm of timber construction.

    Thank you for embarking on this journey of understanding and discovery with me.

  • New Innovations in Economics, Business and Management Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of Economics, Business and Management. The contributions by the authors include term deposit subscription, 10-fold stratified cross-validation, neural network, derogation, continental free trade area, industrialization, regional integration, bilateral agreements, technology management, technology utilization, ICT infrastructure, banking sector, Entrepreneurship, personality factors, social factors, societal factors, entrepreneurship, small-scale enterprises, micro-enterprise, rural development, rural small-scale industries, entrepreneurial development, firm formation, employment creation, income generation, forward and backward linkages, efficiency wage, productivity, efficient wage theory, capacity building, change, complex environment, organizational success, rapid technological advancement, public sector reforms, performance budgeting, responsibility accounting, Primary budget deficit, economic growth, solidarity economy, collaborative economy, Economic Loss, hydatidosis, behavioral finance, biotechnology companies, financial markets, environment management practices. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Economics, Business and Management.

  • Science and Technology: Developments and Applications Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of science and technology. The contributions by the authors include virtual articulators, digital dentistry, occlusal analysis, mechanical articulators, computer-aided design and manufacturing, photonic crystal fibre, acousto-optic modulator, Sagnac interferometer, piezoelectric crystal, nanotribology, diamond-like carbon films, plasma-chemical vapor deposition, filtered cathodic vacuum arc, diffraction efficiency, holography, reflection polarizing beam splitter, peak signal-to-noise ratio, big data, artificial intelligence, forensic medicine, digital transformation, motor imagery, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, EEG signals, deep neural network, teacher learning-based optimization algorithm, neurological disease diagnosis, discrete wavelet transform,  electronic band structure, body-centered tetragonal phase, full potential linear muffin tin orbital method, chalcopyrite materials, tropospheric scintillation, satellite communication, tropospheric scintillation prediction models, vacuum suction-grabbing technology, garment automation, consumer psychology, online shopping behavior, digital marketing, Beibu gulf offshore silk road, shipping centers. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of science and technology.

  • Recent Advances in Mathematical Research and Computer Science Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of Mathematical Research and Computer Science. The contributions by the authors include planar steady-state, evaporation, motion – filtration, radial fin, Frobenius method, improved classical method, finned electric motor, Harmonic and analytical functions, one radius theorem, mean value theorem, Laplace equation, time series, fuzzy time series, fuzzy sets, fuzzy logical relationships, fuzzy observations, spectral density function, period gram, Taylor theorem, congruent number, cybercrimes, cybercriminals, high-temperature superconductivity, vector optimization problem, saddle points,  total domination number, chromatic number and total dominator chromatic number, smarandachely k-dominator coloring, smarandachely k-dominator chromatic number, relation’s degree, connection, set ordering, trivial and proper equivalences, Quasi-differential expressions, Regular and singular equations, Minimal and maximal operators, Regularly solvable operators, J-self-adjoint extension. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Mathematical Research and Computer Science.

  • Geography, Earth Science and Environment: Research Highlights Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of geography, earth science and environment. The contributions by the authors include sediment quality, heavy metals, geo-accumulation index, pollution load index, sustainable sediment management, groundwater recharge, floodwater harvesting, sustainable water management, micro and macro-catchment harvesting, aerosol optical depth, single-scattering albedo, light detection and ranging measurement, hybrid single-particle lagrangian integrated trajectory model, stishovite, coesite, raman spectroscopy, supercritical fluid, waldheim prismatine rock, seasonal phytoplankton variations, water quality, water resource management strategies, indicators of pollution, soil physical variability, soil component, gully slope position variation, gully category, urban landfills, waste management, bird habitats, habitat disturbance, human-wildlife conflicts, flower drying techniques, moisture retention, freeze drying, press drying, silica gel drying, skeletonizing. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of geography, earth science and environment.

  • Innovations in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of Microbiology and Biotechnology. The contributions by the authors include wastewater, recalcitrant pollutants, enzymes, oxidoreductases, immobilization, nanoparticles, antimicrobial, microorganisms, neonates, beta lactam antibiotics, extended spectrum beta lactamase, neonatal, coronavirus, surveillance, phylogeographic analysis, genomic epidemiology, mortality, ribotypes, whole genomic analysis, BLAST sequence, genome, Acrisols, 16S rRNA Gene Sequence, endophytic Bacteria, Biological nitrogen removal, heterotrophic nitrogen removal, gram-positive bacteria, 16S rRNA gene sequence, piggery waste, seed extracts, germinated seed extracts, antioxidant activity, Selenium nanoparticles, green synthesis, antimicrobial, nanotechnology, Unani medicine, antimicrobial agents.This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Microbiology and Biotechnology.

  • Current Research Progress in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of agricultural sciences. The contributions by the authors include glyphosate-resistance, roundup ready soybean crops, dose-response, ethylene accumulation, herbicides, plant density, early maturing pigeonpea cultivar, planting dates, integrated weed management, crop protection, inhibition of 5-enolpyruvyl-3-shikimate phosphate synthase, shikimic acid accumulation assay, glyphosate foliar retention assay, virus diseases, cowpea aphid borne mosaic virus, southern bean mosaic virus, cowpea cultivars, cowpea mottle virus resistant cowpea varieties, hybridization studies, virus free seeds, tree-crops interactions, leachate, allelochemicals, growth of pulses, soil testing, nutrient-supplying capacity, knowledge and attitude of farmers, chemical fertilizer consumption, climate resilience, tank irrigation systems, adaptive agricultural practices, tomato hybrids, extension gap, farmers’ practice, planting media, cation exchange capacity, cation exchange capacity, phytohormones, cotton growth, agricultural economies, dry matter production, soil conservation innovations, herbaceous legumes, contingent ranking, yam-based systems.  This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of agricultural sciences.

  • Out of Time - Predicting the Science of Future Centuries and Millennia (Edition 2)

    The topological hypothesis has potential to explain dark matter, dark energy, and electromagnetic-gravitational union. The article introduces what is called vector-tensor-scalar geometry - and extensions of Einstein's Gravity and Maxwell's Electromagnetism. The interacting gravity and electromagnetism produce mass e.g. they can form a Higgs boson or the strong/weak nuclear forces’ bosons as well as matter. The contributions by the authors include gravitation, Electromagnetic-gravitational union, Dark energy, Dark matter, Cosmology, Geometry, Topology, Symmetry Protected Topological Order, motion of electrons. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians.

  • Current Progress in Arts and Social Studies Research Vol. 10

    This book covers key areas of arts and social studies. The contributions by the authors include online retail, augmented reality, virtual reality, consumer engagement, e-commerce, digital marketing, academic performance, maternal employment, teen academic success, work-life balance, emotional regulation, adult attachment styles, reappraisal, anxious, criminal investigations, data-driven policing, detective productivity, routine activity theory, computer game delinquency, illegal online gambling, risk assessment, electronically stored information, psychosomatic diseases, symptom-free days, prenatal stress, childhood asthma risk, self-efficacy, academic dishonesty, academic fraud, vicarious learning, extra-curricular sports programs, supportive environments, Ukrainian teenage refugees, emotional intelligence, stress management, remote work, emotional intelligence, stress management, work performance, pandemic threats. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of arts and social studies.

  • Selected Topics in Humanities and Social Sciences Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of  Humanities and Social Sciences. The contributions by the authors include Kenyan sign language, learners with hearing impairments, parliament oversight, county assemblies, regional assemblies, parliaments, legislature, leadership and governance, principles of leadership, separation of powers, moral legislation, Thomas Pynchon’s theory, tour guide training, Information Communications Technology, Golden ratio, guanine and cytosine base pairs, CAAT box, TATA box and quantum, occupational health, medical surveillance, environmental legislative framework, Egyptian culture, immigration. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  Humanities and Social Sciences.

  • SUSTAINABLE FUTURES A Resource Manual for Middle-Stage Students to Zero Waste Living

    Welcome to a journey of discovery and empowerment with "Sustainable Futures: A Middle Stage Student's Guide to Zero Waste Living." We embark on a mission to equip you, the future custodians of our planet, with the knowledge and tools to champion a sustainable and waste-conscious world. In the hustle and bustle of daily life, we often overlook the impact of our actions on the environment. "Sustainable Future" is born from a realization that waste, in its myriad forms, poses challenges to our health, ecosystems, and the very fabric of our planet. The purpose of this book is simple yet profound: to make the students aware of the different types of waste, their implications on life and the environment, and, most importantly, how you can actively contribute to effective waste management.

    The students of grades 6th-8th represent the architects of our future. By instilling waste management principles at this crucial stage, we believe in empowering the students to make informed choices that will reverberate through the years. Early childhood is a time of receptivity, and we aim to harness this window of opportunity to sow the seeds of knowledge and responsibility. From the most minor actions to broader lifestyle choices, every decision matters. Armed with awareness, students can become advocates for change, influencing their behaviours and inspiring those around them to join the mission for sustainability. This book is more than just information; it's a call to action. We aim to make waste management understandable and enjoyable for the students through engaging narratives, insightful facts, and practical tips.

    We sincerely thank Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. for their unwavering support in implementing the school intervention program. Their generous provision of resources and assistance in publishing the book has been instrumental in bringing this project to fruition. Additionally, our heartfelt thanks go to The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Gujarat, for providing the conducive research environment that facilitated the development of this book. We sincerely appreciate their commitment to fostering education and sustainability initiatives.

    We hope that students will gain valuable insights and be inspired to champion the cause of waste management in schools, homes, and communities.

  • Current Topics in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of Agricultural Sciences. The contributions by the authors include agricultural manufacturing, economic growth, kaldor hypotheses, chow  breakpoint test, biodiversity, traditional paddy rice terraces, heteromorphic achenes, seed dispersal, germination, photoblastic effect, plant cell culture, medicinal plants, metabolic engineering, bioactive compounds, Drudgery reducing farm technologies, capacity building training programmes, adoption and awareness, Irrigation water quality, geo-accumulation index, enrichment factor, heavy metals pollution and pollution index, genotypes, physiological traits, Improved soybean technology, supplementation, growth performance, return above feed and chick cost, liquid biofertilizers, traditional cultivars. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Agricultural Sciences.

  • Mathematics and Computer Science: Research Updates Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of mathematics and computer science. The contributions by the authors include digital inheritance, digital legacy, digital will, block design, incidence matrix, balanced block designs, rabies infection, Grunwald Letnikov approximation, nonstandard finite difference, Weibull distribution, new energy vehicle, decommissioning volume, beta distribution, parameter estimation, mathematical statistics, moment method, maximum likelihood method, helm graph, independent semitotal domination, join of graphs, minimum nonsingleton independent dominating set, nonlinear epidemic model SIQ, stochastic stability, incidence rate, Dulac function, biquaternion wave, Betti's law, interaction equations, biquaternions, computer telephony integration, private branch exchange, legacy contact center, cloud-based contact center. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of mathematics and computer science.

  • New Approaches in Engineering Research Vol. 16

    This book covers key areas of engineering research. The contributions by the authors include polymer blend PC/ABS, punching process, cable duct, high speed recordings, punching process visualization, End sill, Froude number, scouring index, stilling basin, breakdown voltage, device modelling, simulation, radiofrequency hazard, potential energy, confined space, Stress concentration factor, mitigation, V-Notches, semicircular auxiliary notches, finite element method, 2D photo elasticity method, DSP technologies, Field Programmable Gate Array, induction motor, power Spectral Entropy, brain computer interface, gaming disorder,electroencephalography, spectrogram, inception model, feature extraction, drying kinetics, Laplace transform. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of engineering research.

  • Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of medical science. The contributions by the authors include dental implantology, artificial intelligence tools, personalized treatment planning, 3D imaging, plant antioxidants, high performance thin layer chromatography profiling, siddha formulation, oxidative stress, odontogenic keratocysts, nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome, Carnoy's solution, squamous cell carcinoma, human papillomavirus, tobacco use, tongue cancer, hair melanocytes, foetal bovine serum, pigmentary disorders, G418 treatment, bladder cancer, macrohematuria, rivaroxaban therapy, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, AIDS, tuberculosis, poly morpho nuclear leucocytes, CD4 T-cell count, respiratory tract infections, Bartlett's scoring method, nivolumab treatment, head and neck cancer, allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, programmed cell death 1 inhibitors, graft-versus-host disease, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, false positive HIV test, Fourth Generation HIV Screening Tests, window period, DiGeorge syndrome, TBX-1 gene, immunodeficiency, congenital cardiac abnormalities, hemodialysis practice, carpal tunnel syndrome, endstage renal disease patients, plasma beta-2-microglobulin, lung cancer, 3,3'-Diaminobenzidine chromogen, non neoplastic lesions, shark attacks, hypovolemic shock, trauma, packed red blood cells, median nerve-axillary, brachial artery, anomalies of the forelimb arteries, angiographic images, reconstructive surgeries, phyllodes tumours, surgical management, cystosarcoma, mastectomy. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of medical science.

  • Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of Medicine and Medical Research. The contributions by the authors include breast cancer, diagnosis, adjuvant therapy, Rhinophyma, MRI, angiosarcomas, trauma, electrosurgery, smoking index, tobacco smoking effect, auditory reaction time, gas flares, pregnancy, exposure, blood pressure, pulse rate, pulse pressure, mean arterial pressure, cognitive behavioral therapy, kleptomania,diabetes mellitus, medical image, region of interest (roi), region of non-interest (roni), visible watermarking, mental health, anti-fungal susceptibility, Broth microdilution method, Candida, E-test, Candida non-albicans, empirical antifungal drugs, COVID-19, Pathogenesis, Pyroptosis, Coagulation, pesticide, kidney, vacuolization, fibrosis, interstitial edema, Psoriasis, scale formation, pediatric palliative care, life-limiting conditions, developing economy, haematology,pregnancy, adaptations, inverting papilloma, Lacrimal Sac, dacryocysectomy, benign prostate hypertrophy, prostate specific antigen, volume of prostate, Serum and urine electrolytes, amlodipine and hydrochlorothiazide, antihypertensive combination therapy, Nigerians, essential hypertension, difficult appendectomy, laparoscopic appendectomy, predictors, appendicitis, ultrasound, blunt abdomen trauma, gastrointestinal perforation, road traffic accident, solid organ injury, testicular necrosis, diabetes mellitus, microangiopathy, orchiectomy, infarction, unilateral testicular necrosis, diabetes mellitus complications, microangiopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, platelet indices, retinopathy. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Medicine and Medical Research.

  • Medicine Essentials in Clinical Practice

    "Medicine Essentials in Clinical Practice" was conceived as a resource for healthcare professionals, medical students, and clinicians aiming to bridge the gap between foundational medical knowledge and its practical application in real-world clinical scenarios. In today’s ever-evolving landscape of medicine, the need for concise, reliable, and actionable information is more critical than ever. This book is designed to provide a comprehensive yet focused guide to essential topics in clinical medicine, with an emphasis on evidence-based practices, critical reasoning, and patient-centered care.

  • Some Typical Heavy Metal Toxicity and Their Effects on Rice, Vegetables, Sorghum and Super Shrimp

    The present book dealt with some typical heavy metal toxicity and their effects on rice, vegetables, sorghum and super shrimp. This study find out when the Water environment polluted by heavy metal agents will cause great harm to the growth of shrimp Penaeus monodon. The contributions by the authors include toxic accumulation, cadmium, contamination, heavy Metal toxicology, Shrimp feeding Water. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians.

  • New Advances in Business, Management and Economics Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of business, management and economics. The contributions by the authors include sustainable ecotourism, peatlands, ecotourism development strategy, climate management, MarXian theory, socialist economy, self-managed firms, labour theory of value, tasar sericulture, rural entrepreneurship, supply chain management, marketing efficiency, marketing cost, farmer’s share in the consumer’s rupee, digital literacy, capacity building in science and technology, tourism marketing, emerging economy, activeness of government, ecological awareness, African moral values, economic development, cultural imperialism theory, social learning theory, cultural transmission, cultural tourism, inter-ethnic conflicts, income inequality, auto regressive distributed lag model. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of business, management and economics.

  • Research Trends and Challenges in Physical Science Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of physical science. The contributions by the authors include gaseous water molecules, low density water vapour, molecule transfer in gas, affine group, affine matrix, Markov chain analysis, acoustically augmented phonons, UHF acoustic wave, augmentation factor- \(\alpha\),Universal tunnelling constant, Tunnelling optimization, double photoionization, tripartite entanglement, qudit, qubit, density operator, multiple Satellite data, aerosol optical depth, absorbing aerosol index, vertical distributions, short- and long-wave radiation, heterojunction, porous silicon, crystalline silicon, photo-EMF, gas sensors, periodic system, isotope, period, subgroup, “nuclear” orbital, binomial probabilistic interpretation of quantum numbers, alternative spherical coordinate systems, unification theories, multidimensional spaces, galactocentric paradigm, Hubble constant, background cosmic microwave radiation, circulation of baryonic matter, optical band gap, optoelectronic devices, unitless physics, fundamental particle communication, rest energy, cosmology. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of physical science.

  • Legal Perspective on Traditional & Naturopathy Regulatory Framework in Africa

    Naturopathy emphasizes prevention and the body’s innate ability to heal, utilizing natural substances and therapies. Naturopathy is gaining traction in Africa, appealing to those seeking alternatives to conventional medicine.

    While both traditional and naturopathic medicine approaches prioritize natural healing, their philosophies and practices can differ significantly. Legislation varies across countries, with some nations implementing comprehensive frameworks while others lag behind. Many practitioners operate outside formal regulations, complicating oversight and quality assurance.

    The UN Statistics Division has subdivided the African continent into five regions: Northern Africa, Central or Middle Africa, Southern Africa, East Africa, and Western Africa. Law and policy are powerful tools that can improve health systems.

    Modern Medicine development cements on strict laws and policies. Hence, there is a need for African countries to develop laws and policies to improve naturopathy and other traditional complementary medicines.

    Furthermore, the legislative regulatory framework of naturopathy and traditional and complementary alternative medicines focuses on product and practitioner registration. Besides, an unregulated industry is a public health threat.

    This book examines the legislative and regulatory frameworks governing naturopathy and complementary medicine across Africa.

    I conducted a review of various health laws and policy documents in the five regions of Africa; southern Africa, Eastern Africa, West Africa, Northern Africa, and Central Africa. In each region, I conduct each country-specific healthcare legislation with keywords such as Naturopathic law, naturopathic Medicine practice, legislation, traditional medicine act, alternative medicine act, and healthcare laws.

    My findings reveal that Southern African countries have developed distinct laws regulating naturopathy and traditional medicine, recognizing these practices as allied health professions. Other regions tend to include naturopathic and complementary practices under general public health laws or unified alternative medicine laws. Definitions of traditional and complementary medicines also vary by region, with some countries imposing minimum educational requirements for registration as a healer.

    Southern African nations, in particular, stand out for having specific naturopathic laws, providing a structured foundation that other regions might consider emulating. This book offers a comprehensive comparative analysis of these regulatory frameworks across Africa, aiming to guide public health policy decisions and enhance the role of naturopathy in African healthcare systems.

    This book is intended for judges, lawyers, law students, researchers, healthcare policymakers, and practitioners interested in the legal aspects of traditional and complementary medicine in Africa.

  • Modern Perspectives of Logistics Transport in Economics. Empirical Studies in Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam Vol. 2

    As per the preface of the book with title is Modern Perspectives of Logistics Transport in Economics. Empirical Studies in Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam Vol. 1 that logistics transport plays an important role in human’s life and economics. Logistics transports consists of (1) logistics road transport, (2) logistics rail transport, (3) logistics marine transport, (4) logistics inland waterway transport, (5) logistics air transport, (6) logistics pipeline transport.

    • According to the argument of Sameer Abu-Eisheh, Wilhelm Kuckshinrichs, Abdelnaser Dwaikat (2020), the transport sector plays an important role in socio-economic development in developing countries. MD Sarder (2020, page 140) argues that “Transport is vital to the sustainability of many businesses and greatly affects the economies of many countries.
    • The rail transit system provides a set of available trains connecting departure and arrival stations to a group of people according to their journey and a rail transport company's train schedule. The rail transport system represents a network of trains and its nodes (Cheng-Ta Yeh, Yi-Kuei Lin, Louis Cheng-Lu Yeng et al., 2021). Today, rail transport is the most used, efficient and cheaper than other modes of transport in the supply chain (M.Hajiaghaei-Keshteli, M.Aminnayeri, SMTFatemi Ghomi, 2014) .
    • Marine transport accounts for more than 80% of global trade by economies and communities around the world every year. Ocean shipping is the most efficient and cost-effective mode of international transportation for most goods, providing a reliable, low-cost global means of transportation that facilitates trade and help create prosperity among nations and peoples (International Maritime Organization, 2020). Ocean shipping accounts for a very large part of the total world transport. Ocean shipping is mainly used to transport goods, liquid fuels, all kinds of products and people, ocean tankers, cargo ships and barges that require huge amounts of energy to transport. operation and is usually powered by diesel or residual fuel (Yusuf Bicer, Ibrahim Dincer, 2017).
    • Inland waterway transport is also the most energy-efficient means of transport, inland waterway transport using diesel engines per kilometer is about 100 tons/km, which is lower than other modes of transport such as railway or road (Cezary Golebiowski, 2016). The competitive power of inland waterway transport can also be enhanced in non-traditional ways (Christa Sys, Eddy Van de Voorde, Thierry Vanelslander, 2020).
    • Air transportation has changed people's lives in every aspect and helped people experience different cultures and create new relationships all over the world, Air transportation not only provides services passenger service but also provides freight services between countries across continents. Airlogistics is an extraordinary phenomenon that has become even more critical not only to the success of airlines but to every consumer and business leader worldwide (Sir Richard Branson, Michael Sales, 2013). Since the early 1900s, goods transported by air have evolved into an important component of world trade as today's global consumer society. Although air freight accounts for about 3% of the real-world tonnage, the value of goods is more than 35%, which has made it an extremely important business. (Michael Sales, 2013).

  • Contemporary Research and Perspectives in Biological Science Vol. 10

    This book covers key areas of biological science. The contributions by the authors include endogenous regulation, seasonal reproduction, hypothalamic area, corticosteroids, gonadal steroids, whole cottonseed supplementation, rumen micro-organisms, water deficit stress, abscisic acid, glycine betaine, phytochemical analysis, antioxidant potential, thin layer chromatography, histopathology, disodium arsenate heptahydrate, bovine viral diarrhea, eradication program, earlier free herds, microplastic contamination, marine pollution, natural actives, UV protection, sun protection factor, treated ethyl acetate fraction, resinous species, green cypress, seroprevalence, silk sericin, anti-inflammatory activity, drug delivery, tissue engineering. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of biological science.

  • A Directory of Museums of Kerala

    One of the undertakings that I pursued within my research mandate as an international student in Kerala state, India, was to start an extensive survey of museums of Kerala. This task was founded upon the perceptible gap in the documentation of museums of Kerala. A survey research initiative conducted in the period 2015-2020 formed an essential part of my PhD research effort. The main content in this book, a Directory, is the result of that survey. At the inception of my pilot research work, I quickly noticed that most publications on museums of Kerala, while useful, fell short of my research requirements ostensibly because they had not been updated for quite some time. Publications such as the popular directory “Museums of India” by Smt. Usha Agrawal (2013)constituted some of the few reliable publications available at the commencement of my studies in India. Among the other reference books on Kerala museums that I found helpful to include is the seminal Handbook on the museums of Kerala by Dr. S.B. Darsana (2009) that lists over 50 museums from all parts of Kerala state. Of note also in this category are the much older publications published during India’s early postindependence period. These include the directory publication by Hudson and Nicholls (2014) that has few entries on Kerala museums and the 1959 Directory of museums of India by the museologist Sri. Sivaramamurti (1959). Older still is the work by Markham and Hargreaves (1936)on Indian museums written in 1936. The other more current works with the content on museums of Kerala include government reports and tourist guidebooks. The latter category includes The Blue Book by Miller (2012). This work, a tour guidebook, provides a perspective(albeit non-academic) of what museums offer in Kerala’s famous tourist circuit. This directory is an addition to this diverse repertoire of literature on Kerala museums. My work attempts to fill some gaps left by past publications in terms of scope and focus. The publication provides a tally of the number of museums available in various parts of Kerala at the time of my study. The publication specifically lists 183 museums in operation at the time of my Kerala museum mapping survey. Two of the museums listed herein are located in neighbouring Tamil Nadu State. These museums, both located in The Padmanabhapuram Palace complex in Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu, are considered, at least in this publication, as museums of Kerala despite them being geographically outside Kerala State. The reasoning here is that their historical roots and current administrative status tie them to Kerala State. Of course, this publication is not the last word. Rather, it, in my view, forms but a small addition to the growing body of literature on museums of Kerala State.

  • 3D Modeling in Elementary Schools and its Use in Testing Creativity

    “Creativity is a playing intelligence."

    Can creativity, or rather creative thinking, be developed in a playful way?

    Can modern technologies be used to develop creative thinking?

    The authors will try to answer these questions in this book that you have in front of you.

    Creative thinking is a process that involves the ability to generate new, original and valuable ideas or solutions. It includes skills such as imagination, seeking unconventional approaches, flexible thinking and the ability to combine different elements into new units. It is key in problem-solving, innovation and adapting to change in different areas of life. Creative thinking is developed through experimentation, questioning established approaches and seeking new possibilities. Creative thinking is essential for the emerging era of Industry 5.0 because this era focuses on people, sustainability and harmony between technology and human values.

    Creative thinking is the key to adapting new technologies to serve human needs. For example, it enables the design of user-friendly technologies, the creation of sustainable solutions and the discovery of new business models. Through creativity, organisations can come up with innovative ways to use artificial intelligence, robotics or nanotechnology in line with ethical and sustainable principles.

    Creativity encourages approaching problems from multiple perspectives and finding original solutions, which is essential in an era of rapid change. Companies will increasingly require employees who can combine technical skills with critical and creative thinking. In addition, creativity encourages the development of social responsibility - enabling the design of innovations that benefit not only companies but also communities and the environment. In the context of education, creative thinking is essential to prepare students for future work challenges that will require the ability to adapt quickly and learn continuously. This is quite a challenge for schools tasked with preparing students for this era.

    Today's young generation is very good at using modern technology, but they often use it without their own insight. However, modern technology directly calls for teachers to implement it in the classroom and to use it to develop not only creative thinking but also face-to-face communication, both between students and with the teacher. 

    It is the development of creative thinking using modern technologies that the authors focus on in this book. The reader will find a demonstration of how SketchUp, a program designed for 3D modelling, can be used to develop creative thinking and also how to use this program to test the level of creative thinking.

  • Recent Advances in Mathematical Research and Computer Science Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of mathematical research and computer science. The contributions by the authors include mean wind speed, Weibull distribution, Weibull shape and scale parameters, problem generating ability tool, Para kenmotsu manifold, recurrent manifold, W2 - Curvatute tensor, Ricci tensor, Einstein manifold, artificial Intelligence, visual python, vectors, computational modeling, 3D displays, social ski driver, sine cosine algorithm, resource allocation, cross-layer optimization, Ideal minimal space, m-semi-I-open sets, m-semi-I-closed sets, m-semi-I-continuity, viscoelasticity, quasi-static problems, exact solutions, torsion problems, clustering, data mining, environmental system, pre-processing, post processing, cryptography, data compression, data encryption, security, steganography, cross mappings, crossed products, group-rings, Morita equivalence, mild and strict solutions, partial functional integro-differential equations, C0-semigroup, in nitesimal generator, phase space, transfer learning, deep learning, wavelet network, vigilance, fuzzy logic. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of mathematical research and computer science.

  • Geography, Earth Science and Environment: Research Highlights Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of geography, earth science and environment. The contributions by the authors include catalysts, electrochemical nitrate reduction, nitrogen pollution, carbon nanotubes, off-grid solar systems, solar e-waste, photovoltaic modules, National E-waste Strategy 2019, rice crop yield prediction, artificial neural network model, weekly weather parameter, statistical regression model, advanced nanotechnology approaches, photocatalytic degradation, water purification, magnesium zinc aluminate nanoparticles, solution combustion method, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, UV absorbance spectroscopy, paleozoic exotic blocks, paleozoic bedrock, stratification of permian, coralene blue BGFS dye, textile effluents, crimean mountains, geological events, exotic blocks, block re-deposition, paleozoic limestones, housing and settlement development, eco-based coastal areas, urbanization, coastal communities, floristic richness, biodiversity, habitat degradation, geographic information system, polymate-777a, formaldehyde, glue shear strength, indoor air quality, wood composite products, wildlife conservation, pure habitat, wilderness. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of geography, earth science and environment.

  • Current Advances in Geography, Environment and Earth Science Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of geography, environment and earth science. The contributions by the authors include hydrological niche, Restionaceae, Fynbos biome, microclimate, Climate change, hydrological niche, fynbos biome, carbon offsetting, clean energy transition, de-carbonization, sustainable fuels, renewable energies, climate change, residential retrofits, building science, building physics, paradigm of design, next generation of retrofitting technology, waste plastics, energy recovery, pyrolysis, land subsidence, groundwater storage, depletion cone, satellite data, kinematic models, annual ring widths, pyrites, porphyry deposits, elemental geochemistry, acid sulfate soil, toxic dynamic and transformation, natural environmental factors. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of geography, environment and earth science.

  • Disease and Health: Research Developments Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of disease and health. The contributions by the authors include filarial infections, microfilaremia, human T-lymphotropic virus type 1, Loa loa infection, nutriceral buckwheat, bioactive compounds, hypoglycemic activity, anticancer activity, workplace lifestyle factors, depressive symptoms, lipid profile, obesity complications, body mass index, school oral health program, community dentistry, preventive dentistry, dental caries, motivational interviewing, chronic disease, Type 2 diabetes, essential fatty acids, dietary fats, stress management, yoga meditation, intrauterine-infection-inflammation, minimal brain dysfunction, musculoskeletal deformities, epidural analgesia, psychological therapy. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of disease and health.

  • Recent Advances in Mathematical Research and Computer Science Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of Mathematical Research and Computer Science. The contributions by the authors include model assistance, model calibration, semiparametric model, penalized splines, Gambler’s ruin, random walks, Brownian motions, reserves, pensions fund, Two dimensional wave equation, one dimensional heat equation, unsteady motion, Navier Stoke’s equation, incompressible flow, Auxiliary attribute, mean square error, Fixed effects, random effects, coefficient of determination, panel data and Hausman test, space-action, Dual bi-directional heuristic, heuristic, global optimum solution, bi-directional heuristic, optimum solution, multi-start heuristic, Gaussian distribution, channel capacity, directed divergence, information theory, uniform distribution, geometric algebra, limit cycle, measure, Gagliardo-Nirenberg, Prekopa-Leindler, Debreu, Brouwer, Lusin, transcendental equation, lebesgue integral, finite time blowup, NP-complete problem, polynomial algorithm, independent and identically distributed random variables, Optimal control, singular extremals, strengthened legendre-clebsch condition, Network reliability, probability-ready expression, multi-state system, multiple-valued logic, symbolic expression, multi-state delivery network. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Mathematical Research and Computer Science.

  • Chemistry and Biochemistry: Research Progress Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of chemistry and biochemistry. The contributions by the authors include antioxidant activity, selenoenzymes, glutathione peroxidase, oxidative stress, reno-hepatic tissue dysfunction, protein folding, internal force field, funnel model, external force field, integrated nutrient management practices, rice-fallow cropping system, soil chemical environment, sustainable materials, circular economy, sol-gel technique, bio-waste lemon, difluoro triazole acetophenone photocatalysis, TiO2 nanoparticles, UV photocatalysis, COD removal, copper nanoparticles, antibacterial activity, polyethylene glycol, surface plasmon resonance, drug delivery systems, metal-organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, metal-organic polyhedral. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of chemistry and biochemistry.

  • Current Aspects in Pharmaceutical Research and Development Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of pharmaceutical research and development. The contributions by the authors include heat flow component, heat capacity component, MTDSC signals, reversing and non-reversing signals, differential Scanning Calorimetry, Etoricoxib, Bilayer technology, once daily tablet, release kinetics, extract fractions, analgesic activity, patent cliff, drug price competition, pharmaceutical industry, drug administration, vital staining, oral cancer, toluidine blue, lugols iodine, methylene blue, rosebengal stain, supravital stains, antibiotics, injections, rational prescribing, inappropriate prescribing, essential medicines list, WHO core drug use indicators,phytochemical analysis, antioxidant activity, toxicity, anti-inflammation, Cassia italica, Indomethacin,therapeutic agent, non-pressurized topical spray, Metering chamber, wheatgrass juice, anti-inflammatory effect, ethnobotanical uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities,pharmacognostic and phytochemical evaluation, biofilm, icaABCD genes,polysaccharide intercellular adhesion.This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of pharmaceutical research and development.

  • Engineering Research: Perspectives on Recent Advances Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of engineering research. The contributions by the authors include supply chain optimization, algorithmic comparison, data-driven decision making, Floyd-Warshall algorithm, thermal energy storage systems, cooling load, green building, composite material, high-density polyethylene, torrefaction-based solid fuel, rotary drum dryer, thermal conversion processes, biomass torrefaction feedstock, hydropower plant, current meter method, stress corrosion cracking, energy dispersion spectrometer, dye penetration test, non-destructive testing, fratography, chimney drainage, pore-water pressure, numerical simulation, feature recognition manufacturing, exfoliated graphite, graphite intercalation, scanning electron microscopy, battery diesel load-haul-dump, mining operations, mine air quality, minimising operational cost. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of engineering research.

  • Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 11

    This book covers key areas of Medicine and Medical Research. The contributions by the authors include laryngeal paraganglioma, laryngofissure, lateral pharyngotomy, breast cancer, basal marker expression, ultrasonography, tuberculosis, lymphoma, leishmaniasis, chylothorax, cisterna chile ligation, surgical treatment, thoracotomy, thoracic duct ligation, neuromuscular and somatosensory TMJ pathology, Turbulence Laser Therapy, models of clinical situations in TMJ disorders, aspiration, feeding, natal teeth, Riga–Fede, facial nerve paralysis, immunosenescence, Immunocompetence, Oral Vaccine against SARS-CoV 2, Gold vaccine, dental sciences, dentistry, integration, orthognathic surgery, implant prosthetic rehabilitation, skeletal class III malocclusion, melanosis, peri-orbital pigmentation, synovial fluid, arthritis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatoid factor, c-reactive protein, anemia, Demographic determinants, Pregnancy, schizophrenia, hallucination, delusion, D-neuron, dopamine, neural stem cell, nucleus accumbens, glycated hemoglobin, calcium, magnesium, phosphate, uric acid, microalbuminuria, type 2 diabetes mellitus, pancytopenia, anaemia, reticulocyte count, immature reticulocyte fraction, tabacco use disorder, depression, suicidal attempt, micro-thrombosis, nicergoline, schizophrenia, post-mortem brain, dopamine, tyrosine hydroxylase, ventral tegmental area, immunohistochemistry. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Medicine and Medical Research.

  • Recent Developments in Chemistry and Biochemistry Research Vol. 11

    This book covers key areas of chemistry and biochemistry research. The contributions by the authors include liquid-crystalline phase, schlieren texture, azomethine, nucleosides, 2-thioquinazolin-4-one, thioquinazolinone nucleosides, urban toxic elements, sediment quality, contamination factor, enrichment factor, meconium, neutrophil granule proteins, vitamin-D binding protein, meconium, cobalt extraction, lithium-ion batteries, leaching kinetics, polyvinylidene fluoride, pharmacological activity, anticancer activity, skin cancer, antidiabetic activity, Newcastle disease virus, oncolytic virus, interferon system, phosphorus dynamics, eutrophication, suspended particulate matter, dissolved inorganic phosphate, hydrographical features. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of chemistry and biochemistry research.

  • Current Topics in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of agricultural sciences. The contributions by the authors include particle size distribution, physical property, water retention, available moisture, reduced tillage, irrigation management, biotechnology education, capacity development, biosafety training, gene silencing, RNA Interference, ontogenesis, phylogenesis, crop production, breeding, gene conservation, Genetic erosion, genetic resources, arabidopsis, plant defense activator, systemic acquired resistance, physical treatment, seed germination, Setaria, green foxtail, giant foxtail, collective farming, economic yield, insecticides, integrated pest and disease management. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of agricultural sciences.

  • Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of medical science. The contributions by the authors include rapid shallow breathing index, mechanical ventilation, handgrip strength, autism spectrum disorder, synaptopathy, synaptogenesis, synaptic cargo transporters, growth-associated protein 43, synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2B/C, physical inactivity, cardiorespiratory fitness, laparoscopic splenectomy, splenic vasculature, splenic hilum, endogenous endophthalmitis, Lemierre's syndrome, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disease, acute transverse myelitis, Devic’s disease, otolithic organs, fall prevention, caloric responses, medical therapy, vestibular function, isolated renal tuberculosis, hydronephrosis, genitourinary tuberculosis, paediatric emergency management, paediatric emergencies, primary healthcare, health education, healthcare system factors, mental health interventions, non-pharmacological therapies, tic disorders, psychological education intervention, behavioral intervention, habit reversal training, cognitive behavioral therapy, cardiac troponin T, echocardiography, early myocardial injury, cancer chemotherapy, cardiac troponin. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of medical science.

  • Current Advances in Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences. The contributions by the authors include radon interventions, sump depressurization system, Satellite altimetry, sea-level changes, global climatic change, interannual variability, El-Nino Southern Oscillation, sea level anomaly, geographic information systems, mineral resources, green spaces, climate design, ecosystem, anthropogenic pressures, fishing practices, diverse cooling rates of the crust, geological activities, thermal expansion for materials, volcanic eruptions, anomalies of magnetic field of the earth, heterogeneous distribution of the material on the surface of the earth. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences.

  • Chemical and Materials Sciences: Developments and Innovations Vol. 10

    This book covers key areas of chemical and materials sciences. The contributions by the authors include oxo rhenium complexes, heterocyclic thiolates, electronic spectrum, Schiff base ligands, cathode active material, lithium-ion batteries, diethyl carbonate, thermally treated cathode powder, liquid junction, ionic strength, 2-[ N -morpholino]ethanesulfonic acid, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-TiO2 nanocomposites, direct electric current conductivity, UV-Vis spectroscopy, abutilon natural straw, polylactic acid biocomposites, dynamic mechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry analysis, solidified oxide eutectic film, environmental barrier coating, preparation of Al2O3-HfO2, SiC ceramic matrix composites, UV photodetector, TiO2/CuMnO2 heterostructures, tetracycline photoelectrochemical detection, atomic layer deposition, thermal degradation kinetics, polyvinyl butyral, surface morphology, thermogravimetric analyser, kinetic theory. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of chemical and materials sciences.

  • Modern Advances in Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of geography, environment and earth sciences. The contributions by the authors include landscapes types, species richness, carbon stocks, Anthropocene, capitalism, climate change, conservation, environmental justice, ecology, political ecology, sustainable development, transition, urban development, urban economy, urban planning, heavy metals, pollution, sediments, IF-semi open sets, topological space, sugar cane waste, infrared spectral, aircraft transportation, aircraft emissions, air pollution, meteorological models, kinematic trajectories, air quality, desorption, environmental pollution, phosphate buffer, Neptunism, great flood, teleology, catastrophism, ideology, the anthropic principle, global hydrosphere catastrophes, Earth expansion theory, planet’s inner-most part, continental drift, geospheres, hydrocarbons, petroleum sources, social development, development index, inter-block disparity, sound pollution, Coronavirus, coastal flooding, GIS and remote sensing, natural hazards. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of geography, environment and earth sciences.

  • Corporate Strategy and Competitiveness for Sustainability

    This book integrates theoretical knowledge and practical applications of corporate strategy with the principles of sustainability. In contemporary business environments, it is essential for organisations to harmonise their strategic vision with the ecological context in which they operate. Sustainability has emerged as a fundamental principle across all sectors, necessitating that companies address environmental concerns, thereby intertwining their operations with economic, social, and ecological dimensions. The text comprises eight chapters that explore these themes and foster critical thinking regarding various sustainability concepts.

    The initial chapter examines the notion of corporate strategy within the business landscape. This concept serves as a foundational framework for establishing diverse goals and objectives that organizations must pursue to enhance their competitive edge. The following chapters systematically outline the progression of corporate strategy formulation.

    Chapter Two focuses on business strategy, emphasising strategic options such as cost leadership, market focus, and differentiation—key choices that organizations may need to consider.

    Chapter Three analyses functional-level strategies, highlighting the necessity for departments such as Marketing, Accounting, and Human Resources to implement appropriate methodologies that align with the overarching corporate strategy.

    Chapter Four synthesizes the strategic elements, establishing a connection between corporate strategy and sustainability. This section presents a significant challenge for strategists, who must determine how to effectively integrate sustainable practices into their corporate strategies. The latter part of the book shifts attention to the theme of competitiveness.

    Chapter Five discusses the Balanced Scorecard framework developed by Kaplan and Norton, detailing the four critical metrics that should be evaluated before pursuing competitive advantages.

    Chapter Six explores the Value Chain concept, identifying its primary and support activities that contribute to enhancing competitiveness.

    The concluding chapter seeks to evaluate the relationship between competitiveness and sustainability. Is it accurate to assert that organisations that prioritize sustainability can also achieve economic viability and competitiveness?

    A range of issues associated with this central theme is examined. The development of this course presents challenges, as many traditional texts employ various strategies and models to address business strategy. These concepts may be explored at the undergraduate level. However, at a more advanced level of learning, the application of prior knowledge is essential, and a careful selection of the most relevant business theories is necessary to meet the learning requirements of students at this stage. It is anticipated that students will find enjoyment and enthusiasm in engaging with this engaging and pertinent course.

  • Recent Trends in Chemical and Material Sciences Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of chemical and material sciences. The contributions by the authors include green supply chain, literature review, holistic framework, sustainability, sustainable development, sustainable supply chain, molecular interaction, Flory's theory, pseudocumene, perovskite solar cell, antisolvent, micro-rods, power conversion efficiency, density functional theory, ab-initio calculations, ti-based compounds, heat of formation, retained austenite, tempering, secondary peak hardness, high chromium cast iron, Pd nanocomposite, health hazards, toxic gases, fiber-reinforced interfacial layer, fibrous composites, Eshelby self-consistent method, micromechanics, optical properties, surface modification, CVD Diamond/Si film, Ion implantation, magnetoresistance, anaerobic co-digestion, biogas, fruit and vegetable waste, municipal sewage sludge, co-digestion substrates, buffering capacity, municipal sewage sludge vegetable waste.This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of chemical and material sciences.

  • Textbook of Microbial Diversity

    The Textbook of Microbial Diversity is a comprehensive book that provides an in-depth exploration of the diverse world of microorganisms. It covers various groups of microbes, such as bacteria, fungi, archaea, viruses, and protists, with an emphasis on their unique characteristics, classification, and ecological roles. The book often integrates information from microbiology, ecology, and genetics to offer a detailed understanding of how these organisms contribute to the environment, human health, and industrial applications. The key topics covered in this book include microbial classification and taxonomy, diversity of microbial life exploring the immense variety of microbial species found in different ecosystems, microbial ecology that discusses the fundamental interactions between microbes and their environment and their role in nutrient cycling, biotechnological applications of microbes in various sectors and outline of the use of various modern techniques require to study microbial diversity.

    The book aims to provide readers with a foundational understanding of microbial life and the methods used to study and appreciate its complexity and importance. It serves as a useful resource for students, researchers, and teachers interested in microbiology, botany, ecology, and other related fields.

  • Current Aspects in Pharmaceutical Research and Development Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of pharmaceutical research. The contributions by the authors include pharmacophore analysis, docking, carboxylesterases inhibitors, isatin derivatives, essential oil, antioxidant activity, cytotoxic effect, aflatoxin-producing fungal species, organic molecule, biomass valorization, biofuel development, colorectal cancer, buccal film, oral thin film, sublingual delivery system, gastro retentive, fast dissolving oral thin film, antimicrobial activity, anticancer activity, phytochemical analysis, minimum inhibitory concentration, Jurkat T-cell, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, phosphatidylserine, apoptosis, flow cytometry, cancer prevention and therapy, abnormal methylation enzymes, cancer stem cells, synthetic CDA formulations, differentiation inducers, differentiation helper inducers, antimicrobial activity, minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration, Alzheimer’s disease, dementia, solid lipid nanoparticles, in vitro cytotoxicity, pharmacokinetic study. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of pharmaceutical research.

  • Design and Simulation of Classical and Quantum Antennas in Gigahertz and Terahertz: Applications in Radar Using Deep Neural Techniques

  • Air Quality: Source Apportionment Approaches and Techniques

    Air quality and pollution control are international concerns because air pollutants do not respect national borders and because industrial plants and motor vehicles that create air pollutants are widely used nowadays. Polluted air is inconvenient and can pose a major health risk in these cities when it is present in high amounts. When you consider that people can go without food for up to 40 days, but only a few minutes without air, you can see how vital clean air is to life. The first step in improving air quality is to recognize that a healthy atmosphere is just as important as the technological improvements that raise people's living standards.

    Quantifying the effects of emissions sources on atmospheric PM is critical for developing efficient mitigation techniques and deconvolutes atmospheric chemistry during transportation.

    As a complement to the national conversation and difficulties of global warming and climate change, to deal with the issue of air quality and contributing sources is timely required. This book contributes to the discussion on source apportionment by addressing some of the topics including air quality sources, chemical characterization, source apportionment approaches and techniques, back trajectory analysis and scientific issues surrounding the role of airborne contaminants in visible trending variations in weather, climate, and atmospheric conditions.

    Many more studies have been conducted to control, quantify, and identify the sources of air pollution; however, in this book, a summary of all of them has been provided. The abbreviations, symbols, and index are all mentioned, along with the references used in the books. This book can be used as a resource to provide a concise introduction to source apportionment and to raise public awareness about receptor models. I hope that the reader will profit from this book by learning more about source apportionment approaches.

    Any suggestions, corrections, or contributions for future versions are welcome.

  • Engineering Research: Perspectives on Recent Advances Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of engineering research. The contributions by the authors include intelligent buildings, information technology, automated lighting, smart buildings, digital infrastructure, evapotranspiration, remote sensing, water scarcity challenges, irrigation management, drilling, chip formation, industrial revolution 4.0, conical helical chips, brushless doubly-fed reluctance generator, total harmonic distortion, fixed speed wind turbine, cost-analysis-based strategy, multi-induction motor systems, load sharing, downtime reduction, induction motor squirrel cage, replacement induction motor, morphometric analysis, synthetic unit hydrographs, central water commission method, soil conservation service,  snyder’s method, intelligent task offloading, mobile edge computing, hyper heuristics, contextual multi-armed bandit, stochastic heuristic selection, nano cutting fluids, aluminium alloy, quantity lubricant technique, minimum quantity lubrication, liquid metal quality, aluminum alloys, billet casting process. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of engineering research.

  • Research Aspects in Agriculture and Veterinary Science Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of agriculture and veterinary science. The contributions by the authors include equine incisor fracture, Equine dental resorption, Equine retained root, quine periodontal infection, dairy cattle, raising, growth, milk yield, Ligninolytic fungi, manganese peroxidase, Lignin peroxidase, versatile peroxidase, delignification, probiotic, bacteria count, physical quality, fibrolytic enzymes, date kernels, wasted dates, floral stems, palm fronds, ruminal fermentation, cystic hydatidosis, dogs, echinococcosis, dairy cattle, floor space, milk yield, ventilation, relative humidity. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of agriculture and veterinary science.

  • An Overview of Literature, Language and Education Research Vol. 10

    This book covers key areas of literature, language and education. The contributions by the authors include government schemes, Indian tribal education, pre-matric scholarship scheme, National fellowship scheme, literary psychology, melancholy, affection, self-confidence, multi-tiered systems of support, behavioral momentum, high-intensity reinforcement, Premack principle, pregnant school learners, community nurses, innovative education approaches, escape room, active learning, gamification, educational productivity, educational institution, artificial intelligence, Kolb’s experiential learning cycle, STEM education, educational robotics, learning management systems, further education training phase, English as a foreign language, auditory learning style, haptic learning style, visual communication, technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge domains, modern agricultural demands, effective teaching strategies, professional development, sustainable development goals, GrapesJS, amazon web services, web development training, cloud computing, content management systems, basic technical skills, intergenerational learning, active aging, offline-online model, new extra-familial paradigm, vacation life project, actor-network theory. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of literature, language and education.

  • Novel Perspectives of Engineering Research Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of engineering research. The contributions by the authors include  shell and tubes condenser, R134a refrigerant, efficiency, effectiveness, nanofluid, Raman spectroscopy, phonon, structural phase transition, diamond anvil cell, vibrational processes, generation of electromagnetic waves, cement, structure formation, dispersion, cutoff wall, hydraulic gradient, gravity dam, seepage, uplift force, lateritic soil, composite stabilization, modifiers, chemical bonding, volgograd, Volzhsky, synthesis, monumental art, mosaic, architecture, pressure vessel, nozzle, piping reactions, pipework, flange, individually allowable nozzle loads, algorithm, load interaction rule, multilayer ground, dominant and high periods, precise, simple and approximation methods, ground classification, coefficients ground conditions. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of engineering research.

  • The Impact of Workplace Inequality and Discrimination on Individual Development and Organisational Performance: A Case Study of Durban’s Hospitality Sector, South Africa, Edition 1

    When discrimination was made illegal in workplaces, workers strived to achieve equality and inclusiveness. This aspirational dream has remained largely elusive to most workers in small and large organizations worldwide. The transformative, even revolutionary changes of recent decades in Africa's racial landscape have left behind a perplexing if not disastrous residue of persistent racial inequality and discrimination. Unfortunately, it is primarily black workers and foreign workers from economically distressed countries who bear the brunt of this challenge.

    In South Africa, 31 years after gaining independence, although there has been a slight decline in prejudice, the structures akin to Jim Crow remain unshaken, and discrimination has only officially been outlawed following years of apartheid. Yet, racial inequality continues to be stubbornly entrenched across various spheres. While South African society has evolved significantly, the question remains: why do the barriers to racial equality endure so discouragingly?

    This book highlights workers' experiences within the hotel industry, informed by two years of observation across numerous hotels in different countries. Women, recent graduates, and foreign workers are often subject to strenuous labor under harsh conditions. Unfortunately, current laws and trade unions always fail to give enough protection against exploitation and discrimination. The ramifications of inequality and discrimination extend far beyond individual workers. Employers are required to protect all workers, regardless of their background, to safeguard their rights and the interests of their businesses effectively.

  • Noise Pollution Monitoring, Mapping and Health Impacts

    Like air and water noise has also emerged as pollutants in India. Due to increase industrialization and increase in traffic, noise has increased in our environment in a huge amount. Serious steps are being taken by the government of India for controlling of it. Rules and regulation has been made in order to control this. Though the efforts are being made but it is very difficult for bodies to control it. The main reason behind this is awareness among the peoples. In India people are less aware about the noise pollution when compared with water and then air. Impact of noise on the human act’s as a silent killer. So appropriate steps must be taken so that it can be controlled and impact on population can be minimized. 

    As per above it is very much essentials to make people aware as so that control of noise pollution can be done. In this respect I am happy to introduce my small venture: Noise pollution: Monitoring, Mapping and Health Impact. This gives a brief description of noise along with its properties. It also describes the sources, characteristics, methodology for measurement, impact on human and control strategy. Many other works has been done to control and measure the noise however in this book a short and brief description of all has been summarized. 

    References used in the books are mentioned along with the abbreviations, symbols and index. This book can be used as a material which can provide brief introduction about noise in short and can make people aware about the noise. I hope this book will benefit the reader in getting knowledge about noise pollution.

    We appreciate any comments, suggestion, correction, and contributions for future revisions.

  • Logistics Management Inventory Security Practices, Edition 1

    Warehousing security is an emerging trend which is shaping the performance of logistics companies and ensuring a smooth supply chain flow. Several factors can interrupt the smooth flow of materials along the logistics cycle increasing risks and reducing customer satisfaction. The three chapters of the book explore the effect of External, Internal and Procedural Inventory Security Practices on the security of inventory held by logistics service provider companies in Nairobi County.

  • New Visions in Science and Technology Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of Science and Technology. The contributions by the authors include Leadership, suffering, church, behaviour, Squeeze film, elliptical plates, micropolar fluid, reynolds equation, Image processing, radon transform, image reconstruction, correlation coefficient, Feature subset selection, filter method, feature clustering, graph-based clustering, Blockchain technology,  Data Structure, Electronic Cash System,  mathematics, multi-paradigm, methodological approaches, e-education, e-resources of science,  national economy, Security, Radiofrequency electromagnetic protection, dissipative quantum system at RF domain, Quantum temporal switch, controlled level sump of electric charges, Growth rate, instability index, wool exports, markov chain analysis, GnRH analogue, fertility rate, hatching rate, frozen milt quality, Land tax, burden of land tax, agrarian resistance, exemption, remission, oppression, Osteoporosis, Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometery, Bone mineral density, Z score, T score, Technocentric development, technocentric transformations, urban edge, urban identity, Remote sensing, morph metric parameters, geographical data, GIS, Cow dung, compressive strength, abrasive resistance, absorption, Heart disease, machine learning, support vector machine, logistic regression, gradient boosting, random forest, Civil aviation, and commercial pilot training. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Science and Technology.

  • An Introduction to Epigenetics of Cancer, Edition 1

    The intricate relationship between genetics and cancer has been the focus of decades of scientific inquiry, and the field of cancer biology continues to evolve rapidly. In recent years, the emerging field of epigenetics has reshaped our understanding of how cancer develops, progresses, and responds to treatment. Where once cancer was primarily viewed through the lens of mutations in the DNA sequence, epigenetics introduces a new layer of complexity: the heritable changes in gene expression and cellular function that do not involve alterations in the underlying genetic code.

    Epigenetic modifications—such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA regulation—are essential for normal cellular function and development. However, when these mechanisms are disrupted, they can contribute to the initiation and progression of cancer. Unlike genetic mutations, which are often permanent, epigenetic changes can be reversible, offering new opportunities for therapeutic intervention.

    This book aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the intersection between epigenetics and cancer. It is intended for students, researchers, clinicians, and anyone interested in the dynamic interplay between genetic and epigenetic mechanisms in cancer biology. We will explore how epigenetic alterations contribute to cancer initiation, progression, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. Moreover, we will examine the latest advances in the development of epigenetic-based therapies and the potential for these to transform cancer treatment. In addition to reviewing the fundamental principles of epigenetics, this book will discuss cutting-edge research, highlighting the technologies and methodologies that are advancing our understanding of epigenetic regulation in cancer. From next-generation sequencing techniques to epigenome-wide association studies, these tools have opened up new avenues for discovery and personalized medicine.

    Epigenetics offers a fresh perspective on cancer biology, revealing how environmental factors, lifestyle choices, and even aging can influence gene expression in ways that drive carcinogenesis. As we look toward the future, the integration of epigenetic insights with traditional cancer therapies holds immense promise for more precise, effective treatments that target the root causes of the disease at a molecular level.

    I hope this book will inspire further research and discussion in the exciting and rapidly evolving field of cancer epigenetics. Ultimately, by expanding our understanding of the molecular underpinnings of cancer, we move closer to unlocking novel strategies for preventing, diagnosing, and treating this devastating disease.

  • Micro and Nano Fabrication by Powder Metallurgy

    Hierarchically complex structures are observed in many biological systems and in nature. These structures impart diverse functionalities to organisms, such as nanoscale viruses, microscale cells, and macroscale tissues. Miniaturisation by nature has  motivated engineers and scientists to fabricate in micro and nano-scale. Different geometry of nanostructures like nanopillars, nanowires, nanodots etc have been fabricated for different applications from bioactivity and antibacterial to data storage purposes. Micro and nano fabrication has two approaches; one is a process used to construct physical objects with dimensions in the nanometer to micrometer range and secondly processing macro components using micron or nano sized powders/grains. Powder metallurgy is one such method to achieve both the approaches simultaneously or individually.

  • Current Research Progress in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of agricultural sciences. The contributions by the authors include sustainable management, bagworm infestations, integrated pest management strategies, drone-based spraying, low-pressure drip irrigation, water use efficiency, consumptive water use, genetic variations, polyploid mutants, grape cultivation, autotetraploids induced polyploidy, digital ampelography method, genetic encoding, agronomic characteristics, green pod genotypes, principal component analysis, intercropping, land equivalent ratio, altitudinal variation in cropping, vegetable improvement, germplasm, standard breeding strategies, bacterial wilt-resistant varieties, gene introgression, pigeonpea cultivars, average monthly rainfall, climate-resilient agricultural practices, soil nitrogen and phosphorus deficiencies, rice breeding, genetic advance, glyphosate resistance, false-star-grass, chemical control, herbicides, drone technology, Indian paddy cultivation, economic impact, unmanned aerial vehicles, responses-priority index. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of agricultural sciences.

  • An Action Research of Retaining Sales Personnel in a Financial Institution

    First and foremost, we would like to extend our gratitude and appreciation to all related parties for making possible the publication of this book titled “An Action Research of Retaining Sales Personnel in a Financial Institution”. This book consists of seven chapters explaining the flow and cycles of action research. The main focus of this book is to introduce effective interventions to reduce the turnover rate of sales personnel in a financial institution. The first chapter of this book explains the background of the study, the problematic situation that leads to this study, research questions, research objectives and significance of this research. The second chapter discusses the industry background, issues and factors that influence the turnover rate in a financial institution. The identified factors are based on Herzberg’s theory and interventions are proposed to retain sales personnel in the financial institution. The third chapter explains the research methodology that covers research design, research method, population, sampling, research instruments, data collection and data analysis method. The fourth chapter analyzes the quantitative data by using SPSS and qualitative data via NVivo. Analysis results and findings of this research were discussed and the effectiveness of the interventions was evaluated. The fifth chapter presents a reflection of action research cycle one. Each process of the action research namely entrance, diagnosis, action planning, intervention implementation, evaluation and reflection was evaluated and an overall reflection of the action research cycle one was produced before moving on to action research cycle two. The sixth chapter touches on the reporting of action research cycle two findings and the attainment of the research objectives. Paired t-test analysis was used to determine the significant differences in the data collected for pre-intervention and post-intervention. Reflection on action research processes was conducted to gauge the effectiveness of each process. The final chapter of this book puts forward the research implications for practice and its contributions to the theory. It also explains the limitations of this research and suggests ways to improve future research. This book concludes that action research is an effective way of approaching a problem and making progress towards a change in organizations.

  • Information Management and Technology: The Proceedings of the 10\(^{th}\) International Conference on Business and Management Dynamics (ICBMD), Edition 1

    The rapid shifts in business, technology, and politics create challenges and opportunities for scholars, policymakers, and practitioners. This book presents which is rigorously researched chapters on the various issues affecting contemporary discourse in these disciplines, is brought forth from a wide research spectrum where topics such as artificial intelligence, state-owned companies, corporate governance, and socio-economic development, and strategic business are critically evaluated.

    In response to the issues at hand, the contributors apply interdisciplinary approaches and an assortment of qualitative and quantitative research techniques that provide new evidence-based perspectives. The chapters presented herein underscore the importance of innovation, policy coherence, and ethical relevance in employing technology for economic and social development sustainability.

    The core of this book is aimed towards bridging the academia and industry nexus for cross-pollination of knowledge towards solving existing practical challenges. The contribution strives to enhance decision-making on varying governance levels at public and private institutions by detailing strategic responses to socio-economic problems and issues of corporate governance and the advancement in technology.

    We sincerely express our thanks to the authors whose hard work, and academic efforts have made this volume richer than ever. We also appreciate the work done by the peer reviewers and the editorial team; their thorough review and comments have helped maintain the standard and quality of the chapters’ contents and frameworks. Finally, we thank the audience - scholars, practitioners, as well as policymakers - who will take part in these dialogues and, we hope, put the information learned to good use in their fields.

    Readers are likely to find this book helpful and informative in their attempts to comprehend and deal with the intricate relationship between technology, governance, and socio-economic development of today’s world.

  • Recent Advances in Mathematical Research and Computer Science Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of mathematical research and computer science. The contributions by the authors include uniformly distributed modulo 1, Laurent series field, Haar measure, MAP detection, space frequency block coding, digital video broadcasting terrestrial, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, cloud computing, fog computing, quantum cloud, robots, sentiment analysis, term frequency-inverse document frequency, domain specific ontology, contextual semantic sentiment analysis,ad-hoc networks, HVDC transmission, CIGRÉ benchmark model, Faults in HVDC system, Proportional integral controller, Fuzzy logic controller, big data processing, generic clarification, cognitive radio, circularly polarized antenna, spectrum measurement campaign, Spectrum occupancy, Ultra-wideband antenna, signal coding, matrix representation, ternary algebra,transition systems, 3D Placement, Poisson distribution, Rayleigh distribution, Poisson-Rayleigh distribution, statistical properties, parameter estimation,button computer, criticism of QCA, prime implicant, irredundant disjunctive form, minimal sum, complete sum, partially-defined Boolean function, set of supporting variables, diagnostic statistics, predictive statistics, inferential statistics and perspective statistics. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of mathematical research and computer science.

  • Contemporary Issues of Business and Management: The Proceedings of the \(10^{th}\) International Conference on Business and Management Dynamics (ICBMD), Edition 1

    This chapter, "Performance Management Perceptions in South African Higher Education: Exploring Organisational and Socio-economic Influences," examines the complexities of performance management within the security sector of a South African tertiary institution. Situated against the backdrop of persistent socio-economic inequalities and the enduring legacy of apartheid, this paper critically analyses how organisational and contextual factors shape managerial perceptions and practices in the field of performance management. Drawing on qualitative insights the research offers a nuanced perspective on the challenges and opportunities of performance management in culturally and economically diverse settings. The chapter further elucidates and integrates theories of organisational culture, social constructivism, and phenomenology, contributing to a deeper understanding of how historical, cultural, and socio-economic dynamics influence human resource management practice amidst rapid industrialisation in developing countries. Research findings aim to inspire actionable strategies, advocating for inclusive and equitable performance management systems in South Africa and developing countries. This chapter is dedicated to fostering sustainable development and equitable growth through improved leadership, HRM and organisational practices with the intention of enriching discourse on contextualised performance management and its role in addressing global inequalities.

  • Research Trends and Challenges in Physical Science Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of physical science. The contributions by the authors include PSpice simulation, Sziklai pair, complementary Darlington pair, Small-signal amplifiers, dark matter, magnetic monopole, inverted Maxwell’s equations, magneto-electric, Dirac equation, magnetic sterile neutrino, active black hole, event horizon, nified field theory, dark matter, cosmology, shock wave, glow gas discharge, ionization instability, stratified energy source, Richtmyer-Meshkov instability, complex conservative difference scheme, neutrino interactions, nuclei, electro production, muonic neutrino, auroral event, Aurora Australis, Gill’s Electronic Theory, geomagnetic dynamo, photonic crystal, metalized planar layered structure, light reflection spectroscopy, bandgap structure, local states, thin lines of transmission, collimation of THz irradiation, optical devices, corrugated aerofoil, Reynolds number, black hole, event horizon, gravitational collapse, Hawking radiation, dynamic collapse, AC/DC resonant converter, high frequency AC, power distribution systems, steady-state analysis, experimental evaluation, classical spin, electrodynamics, field theory. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of physical science.

  • Innovative Solutions: A Systematic Approach Towards Sustainable Future, Edition 1

    This book provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in computational chemo physics, focusing on the transition from theoretical frameworks to real-world applications. The continued research and innovation in thin film ferrites promise to drive further advancements in magnetic sensors and devices, enabling new possibilities in electronics, telecommunications, healthcare, and beyond. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians.

  • Practicing Hand Book for Operating System Laboratory

    The goal of designing the book Practicing Hand Book for Operating System Laboratory is to make easier for students to practice their lab exercises under operating system laboratory. The syllabus of this practice handbook contains, Basic operating systems commands, process management commands, memory management exercises, file systems concept etc. The laboratory activities will make students to familiarization with UNIX system calls for process management and inter-process communication; simulation/implementation of process scheduling and other operating system duties.

  • Economics and Entrepreneurship: The Proceedings of the 10\(^{th}\) International Conference on Business and Management Dynamics (ICBMD), Edition 1

    This book highlights economics and entrepreneurship  which is presented as conference proceedings in the 10th International Conference on Business and Management Dynamics (ICBMD). The book mainly explored about foundational understanding of financial concepts, gaps remain in areas such as debt management, budgeting, and differentiating between needs and wants. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of economics and management.

  • Research Trends and Challenges in Physical Science Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of physical science. The contributions by the authors include ionic conductivity, solid-electrolytes, dispersed solid-electrolyte systems, complex impedance analysis, electrical conductivity, electrodes, dielectric, polarization, composite solid electrolyte, conductivity, space charge model, dispersoid particles, alumina, dark matter, physics principles, dynamic physics, logical concepts, photons, Ionospheric plasma, active experiments, modeling and forecasting, crystal growth, differential thermal analysis, evaporation method, HR-SEM analysis, rietveld refinement, optical bandgap, dielectric properties, Jonscher’s law, polarization, Spark-plasma sintering, corundum-graphene composite, microhardness, abrasion test, electrical resistance, energy,entropy,laws of thermodynamics, repulsion, vacuum, energy, acceleration. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of physical science.

  • Newer Frontiers in Urology, Edition 1

    The field of urology is witnessing an era of rapid innovation and evolution. Advances in diagnostic tools, minimally invasive surgical techniques, molecular biology, and imaging technology have reshaped the landscape of urologic care. Urology today stands at the forefront of medical progress, experiencing remarkable advancements that are reshaping the way we understand and treat urological conditions. Breakthroughs in diagnostic techniques, minimally invasive surgeries, molecular research, and imaging technologies are driving a profound transformation in the field. This book, Newer Frontiers in Urology, seeks to capture the essence of this evolution, showcasing how science, technology, and clinical practice come together to advance patient care.

    The chapters within this volume delve into some of the most exciting and promising areas of urology. From the rise of technology-driven procedures and the application of precision medicine to the growing role of artificial intelligence and genomics, these topics highlight innovations that are not just advancing the field but revolutionizing it.

    Written by leading authorities in urology, each chapter balances clinical insight and evidence-based research, offering readers a clear perspective on how these developments can shape outcomes and redefine best practices. Our contributors have strived to make complex concepts accessible while focusing on real-world applications.

    This book aims to inspire urologists, healthcare professionals, and researchers to embrace these new horizons with curiosity and determination. By fostering collaboration and innovation, we can overcome challenges and seize the opportunities that lie ahead to ensure better care for our patients.

    It is my sincere hope that this book serves as a trusted guide for students, practitioners, and academics, sparking conversations, nurturing ideas, and encouraging ongoing exploration into the possibilities that modern urology presents. Together, we can continue to push the boundaries of what is possible and improve the lives of those we serve.

  • Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 10

    This book covers key areas of Medicine and Medical Research. The contributions by the authors include CD28 response element, Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A-E, Extracellular signal regulated kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, Perioperative and postoperative events, patient satisfaction, Mephentermine, anxiety,  Abdominoplasty, muscle-aponeurotic plication, plication, lipoabdominoplasty, breech delivery, caesarean section, external cephalic version, planned vaginal breech birth, Vertebral artery, variations, vascular surgeons, Transversus abdominis, lumbar lordosis, flexiruler, flexicurve, pressure biofeedbackunit, young adults, age, lumbar stability, floor sitting, ground posture, squatting, cross-leg sitting, lower limb, Asian population, Indian population, range of motion, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, OH-PAH metabolites in urine, psychological tests, cognitive development, bender visual motor gestalt test, raven colored progressive matrices, internal martial art, moving meditation, alternative medicine, anti-aging solution, hyperthyroidism, Hypothyroidism, Toxicosis, Non –Thyroidal, Hormonal changes, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, clinical data, FNAC salivary gland, diagnostic accuracy, tumors and compensatory capacity kidneys, caries management, dental caries, pediatric dentistry, silver diamine fluoride, silver fluoride bullet, emotional intelligence, stress tolerance, diabetic physical exercising and diabetic nonphysical exercising peoples, interdependence, skin malignancies, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, uterine, abnormal vaginal bleeding, extra-nodal lymphoma, liver fibrosis score, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, metformin, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, lymphoblastic Leukemia. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Medicine and Medical Research.

  • Application of Nanotechnology for Water Treatment, Edition 1

    Water is an indispensable resource for life, yet its contamination poses a critical global challenge. Rapid population growth, industrialization, and urbanization have intensified water pollution, leading to an urgent need for innovative solutions to ensure safe and sustainable water resources. In this context, nanotechnology has emerged as a groundbreaking field, offering advanced materials and mechanisms for efficient water treatment. Nanotechnology is a promising advanced technology for several fields. Nanomaterials have become outstanding solutions for wastewater remediation due to their unique properties such as high reactivity, high surface area, wide band gap, small size, affordability, and non-toxicity. Nanomaterials provide novel strategies that improve conventional and already-existing water sources and provide great opportunities to degrade target pollutants effectively. Among these technologies, semiconductor photocatalysis has gained prominence for its environmentally friendly and highly effective approach to water remediation. This book, Nanotechnology for Water Treatment, offers a comprehensive exploration of how nanotechnology addresses water contamination. It explores the fundamentals, materials, methods, and applications of nanotechnology in treating water, providing a roadmap for researchers, environmentalists, and industry professionals. By bridging the gap between fundamental research and practical applications, this book aims to inspire new ideas and advancements in the pursuit of clean and sustainable water resources.

  • Pesticide Residues in Food and Methods of Detection

    My book contained a very specific data related to different types of pesticide residues, it discussed in details the situation of these residues and the suitable methods of detection.

    Studies on pesticide residues in food in north Africa, middle east countries are deficient, not published globally and not enough noticed on large scale. This area of research especially in developing counties as my country Egypt need more lighting and more focus to spread the local information so far through the world. Thus, in my manuscript, I concerned mainly with the pesticide residues as an area of research in local and imported meat consumed in Egypt as a developing country and also discussed the other resemble countries have the same circumstances and situations.

  • Science and Technology: Developments and Applications Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of science and technology. The contributions by the authors include combine white noise, gross domestic product, muscular strength, handgrip strength, sit-up endurance, heat acclimation, compound gate, restoration logics, transmission gate, power delay product, liquid junction potentials, ionic strength, magnetic resonance imaging, convolutional neural network, multiple sclerosis, histogram of gradients, linear discriminant analysis, apparent diffusion coefficients, modified quasi-bivariate variational mode decomposition, deep neural network, carbon footprints, sustainable artificial intelligence, hardware waste, e-waste, artificial intelligence algorithms, vibrational spectroscopic, quantum chemical, molecular electrostatic potential, crystal packing, electronic modules, team assisted individualization, higher order thinking skills, geostatistical spatial modeling technique, ordinary kriging, spherical variogram configuration, nugget effect, large language models, retrieval-augmented generation systems, deep learning method, bidirectional encoder representations from transformers. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of science and technology.

  • New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 14

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical research. The contributions by the authors include inflammatory response, plasmapheresis, provertinum, miorelaxants, dexdemetomidine, Neonatal and Pediatric TCI, immune cells, Alzheimer’s disease, Epigenetic medicine, Dendritic cells, Cytokines, prostate Cancer, epidemiology, risk factors and prevention, virulence, zoonotic disease, mortality, gestational diabetes, Type I and type II diabetes, Lipoprotein, dyslipidemia, diabetes, triglyceride, cholesterol, atherosclerosis, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, mortality, proteinuria, research and development, day case surgery, economic benefits, open globe injury, corneal wound, visual outcome, IOL scleral fixation, foot index, ELISA test, Intestinal parasitic infections, paediatrics, anathesisa, surgery, sugammadex, cardiac surgery, apheresis, cytosorb, cytokine adsorption, multifactorial pathology, laboratory quality management systems, accreditation, quality indicators, cell surface markers, cervical cancer, screening, ethnic minority, NF-kB Promoter Polymorphism, amputation, biopsy, oral cavity, anthropometric parameters, facial dimensions. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical research.

  • Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of medical science. The contributions by the authors include Kleine levin syndrome, bipolar disorder, neuropsychiatric disorder, hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hypersomnia, penicillin allergy, phenoxymethylpenicillin, desensitization therapy, septal agenesis, septo-optic dysplasia, ventriculomegaly, septum pellucidum, health morbidities, morbidity patterns, goniometer, visual analog scale, range of motion, inclinometers, McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, joint replacement surgery, tendon repair, spinal fusion surgery, adhesive capsulitis, tendinopathies, joint effusion, postural syndromes, resting metabolic rates, insulin resistance, adiposity, sirtuins, breast cancer signalling, tea polyphenols, focal adhesion kinase pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, extracellular signal regulated kinase pathway, rare gigantic adrenal myelolipoma, sickle cell anaemia, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, acute cholecystitis, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, complicated appendicitis, computerized tomography, leukocytosis, biomarkers,  depression, alzheimer’s disease, aging cognitive impairment, mild cognitive impairment, analogous molecular signaling, genomic vulnerability, neurotransmitter transporters, vagal sensory neuron, electroacupuncture, nucleus tractus solitarius, somatic afferent nerve. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of medical science.

  • Current Topics on Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas mathematics and computer science. The contributions by the authors include well ordering, reals, ZF theory, axiom of choice, axiom of power set, Nonlinear systems, iterative method, order of convergence, stability, para Kenmotsu manifolds, curvature tensor, Weyl-projective curvature tensor, semi-symmetric manifold, scalar curvature, predicting student performance, course recommendation system, educational data mining, quantum processor, q-bit, graphene, nano trigger, Toffoli gate, total domination number, chromatic number, total dominator chromatic number, mathematical expression, AK-space, analytic sequence, entire sequence, distinguished subsets, Ostrowski inequality, numerical integration, probability theory, special means, curvature tensor, conformal curvature tensor, ricci tensor, tangent vector, aware-adopters, awareness initiatives, aware-non-adopters, registration of persons, reproduction number, stability analysis, eccentricity of a vertex, eccentric vertex, eccentric coloring, eccentric coloring number, property oriented system, automated software, coronavirus, trading model, global economy. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of mathematics and computer science.

  • Current Progress in Arts and Social Studies Research Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of arts and social studies. The contributions by the authors include forbidden trinity, feminist literature, taboos, Bapedi culture, antagonism, missionaries, deforestation, qualitative comparative research, rapid assessment research, RAR-QCR-based ideal methodology, traditional food, ayurvedic healing spices, Indian spices, antioxidants, auroral expeditions, Danish polar year expedition, fear of intimacy, psychological quality, celibacy, intimate relationships, community policing, strategic communication, police transparency, community policing forums, alternative policing strategy, community empowerment, cognition, pattern-capturing potential of brain, trikirion of symboleracy, phylogenetic roots. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of arts and social studies.

  • Mathematical Statistics for Beginners

    Social science, commerce and business students usually have limited knowledge in mathematics, especially in algebra and calculus. Mathematical Statistics deals with probability distributions of random variables, their properties, estimation and test of hypothesis regarding the parameters of probability distributions. Currently many discrete and continuous probability distributions are available. Mean, variance, skewness and kurtosis are a set of constants of a probability distribution, which are useful for describing its properties and under certain circumstances for specifying it. Conventional methods for finding these constants are difficult, lengthy and time consuming. These methods require extensive knowledge on integration, differentiation and summation. It is difficult to explain these to students with limited knowledge in mathematics.

    This book derives general formulae for finding mean, variance, skewness, kurtosis, moments, cumulants of any probability distribution belonging to some family of discrete as well as continuous probability distributions such as generalized family of discrete distributions (GFDD), Class of log-type distributions (CLD), Generalized gamma (GG), Transformed Chi-square family (TCF), etc. This book also derives general formulae for finding point and interval estimators of function of parameters, identification of best population in the TCF including probability of correct identification. Just by looking at the probability density function of a probability distribution one can easily apply these formulae without using integration, differentiation or summation rules. The purpose of this book is to offer a time-saving device for students with limited mathematical knowledge.

    This book is based on the important contributions in Mathematical Statistics by Dr. M. S. Rahman and his co-authors named Professor R.P. Gupta (Former Professor, Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Canada), Professor M. A. Karim (Department of Statistics, Chittagong University, Bangladesh), Mrs. Syfun Nahar (Adjunct Lecturer, Department of OMBS, CEPS, SQU, Oman), and Mr. Rock Abulaka (Lecturer, Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, UPNG). Mr. Rock Abulaka is a student of Dr. M. S. Rahman. I express my deepest sense of gratitude to Professor R.P. Gupta for his guidance and encouragement. It was a privilege and a pleasure to work with him. I am deeply indebted to my co-authors. It is impossible to acknowledge the cooperation of many people and friends whose direct and indirect influence has increased the quality of this book. Valuable comments from the reviewers are highly acknowledged. I would like to thank Sultan Qaboos University authority for giving me faculty position and office where I have worked afterhours and used University facilities to complete this book. Deepest appreciation and many thanks are due to my family members for their love, inspiration, and sacrifice during the research period.

    I expect this book will be useful for all Statistics students and researchers to understand Mathematical Statistics having limited knowledge in Mathematics.

  • Disease and Health: Research Developments Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of disease and health. The contributions by the authors include gut microbiome, microbiota transplantation, bacteriocins, neuromodulation, immune modulation, fecal microbiota transplantation, inflammatory skin diseases, cupping therapy, skin pathology, skin immune system, tic disorder, neuropsychiatric disorder, behavioral manifestations, yale global tic severity scale, Tourette syndrome, neuromodulation, subtractive therapy, cardiac rehabilitation, behavior modification, leishmaniasis treatment, sodium stibogluconate, public bathroom stall, gastrointestinal perforation, appendicular perforation, typhoid perforation, anti-inflammatory drugs, toxemia, idiopathic skin pathology, critical epidemiology, polymerase chain reaction, main genome, immunoantigenograms, herd immunization, diagnostic puzzles, Labour documentation, midwives, fasting blood glucose, body mass index, immunoglobulin A nephropathy, MPO-ANCA positivity, enzyme immunoassay, meconium proteins, potential biomarkers, intrauterine inflammation, myeloperoxidase, meconium. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of disease and health.

  • New Innovations in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of chemistry and biochemistry. The contributions by the authors include olygophenylene derivative, optical properties, steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopies, photoluminescence, latent fingerprint, solvothermal method, zinc carbonate, fluorescein dye, phenobarbital, an anticonvulsant and CNS activity, ACD/Chemsketch, auxinfo, smiles notation, chemspider, ACD/3D viewer, macroscopic properties, photo degradation, semi-conductor, antioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity, phytochemical analysis, anticancer drugs, CPT-like compounds, camptothecin, DNA topoisomerase 1, drug-resistance, luminescence, supramolecular polymers, polyfluorenes, hydrogen bonds, computational chemistry, molecular modelling, maximum absorption wavelength, reactivity theory, interferon-gamma/Interleukin-10 production ratio, Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, TB control, adsorption, dawson heteropolyanion, spectroscopic characterization, detoxification. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of chemistry and biochemistry.

  • An Introduction to the World of Information Communication and Technology: A Guide to Teachers and Students, Edition 1

    Over two decades now, the 21st century has witnessed unprecedented inventions and improvements in information and communication technology (ICT). The world is moving at an exponential rate in terms of technology. This calls for a paradigm shift from the old ways of doing things. There is the need to immerse ourselves with the tools and technical expertise that will make people competitive at the personal and professional levels. To arrive at such a destination, there is a need for a living curriculum that promises future leaders the right level of technological skills and other competencies. This can be done through the daily teaching and learning experiences of the learners.

    This book is a thoughtful masterpiece, aimed at helping novice teachers, students and practitioners in general in the field of ICT. The book provides the basics for developing the requisite skills consistent with the world of learning and work through ICT. In this book, the meaning of ICT is contextualised and focuses on exposing readers to important digital tools and applications that are available in the 21st century. Again, it makes an attempt to help readers, in practical ways, how to become proficient with the tools. The areas covered in this book are the concept of ICT, window management, introduction to Microsoft Word, introduction to Microsoft PowerPoint, storage media and devices, Introduction to Microsoft Excel, the internet, introduction to Google Workspace, and introduction to Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Apart from the practical nature of the content, there are supporting information and pictures to help readers relate to the content.

    In terms of the scope of coverage, the areas have been selected carefully to match the frequently used digital tools and applications at the personal and professional levels. Knowledge from the areas covered will equip the readers to be able to adapt themselves well to any new digital tool or application since the underlying principles of application use are similar. ICT should be used as a partner to help reduce, manage, and promote the different types of cognitive load of students (Jonassen, 2006; Sweller, 2010). As we make an attempt to imbue these skills in the younger generation, the older generation is surrounded with unprecedented opportunities to make good decisions driven by data. The challenge that the world faces is the extent to which the use of these technologies makes people idle. There are many of the youth, especially in Africa, who are not using these digital tools to their advantage. For this reason, many of them might not be able to realise their dreams in life.

  • New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical research. The contributions by the authors include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, severity, gestational age, Last menstrual period, Placental thickness, transabdominal, ultrasound, periapical inflammatory lesion, platelet Rich Xenograft, regeneration, wound healing, periapical surgery, machine learning, stroke, risk stratification, lesion detection, rehabilitation, early repolarization, sudden cardiac death, ventricular arrhythmia, biologic width, clinical crown lengthening, percutaneous coronary angioplasty, acute myocardial infarction, left ventricular ejection fraction, cardiac magnetic resonance, biomarkers of myocardial damage, atherosclerotic carotid stenosis, degree of stenosis, inflammatory biomarkers, risk of ischemic stroke, antinuclear antibodies, antiphospholipid syndrome, diffuse-alveolar haemorrhage, systemic lupus erythematosus, thrombocytopenia, renal artery, kidney disease, sympathetic ophthalmia, Vogt–koyanagi–harada syndrome, ophthalmic injuries, ocular trauma, social networking, anatomy, education, online learning, varicocele, oligospermia, infertility, spermatozoa, pampiniform plexus, neuropsychological test, subcutaneous emphysema, influenza, metabolic syndrome, vitamin D, poisoning case management, toxidromes, medicolegal duties. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical research.

  • Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of medical science. The contributions by the authors include self-embedding behavior, factitious disorder, tirosine kinase inhibitors, non-small cell lung cancer, target therapy, crizotinib, brigatinib, irritable bowel syndrome, pharmacological treatment, velusetrag, naronapride, pumosetrag, bile acid modulators, tissue metabolic score, hemoglobin oxygenation, patient monitoring, body oxygen homeostasis, embryonic stem cells, cell therapy, gout diagnosis, hyperuricemia, hematologic challenges, iron absorption, recurrent abdominal pain, posttraumatic macular holes, macular hole surgery, laser photocoagulation, proliferative sickle cell retinopathy, sea fan neovascularization, charcot neuroarthropathy, tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis, hindfoot retrograde intramedullary nail, tic disorders. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of medical science.

  • Issues and Development in Health Research Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of health research. The contributions by the authors include COVID-19, health, immunity, PCR model, obesity, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, comorbidities, treatment, physical activity, high-sensitive C-reactive protein, body mass index, glycemia, diabetes, childbirth, pregnancy, rural placement, traditional practices, mathematical models, pandemic, objective regressive regression, blastocyst transfer, blastocyst culture, physical discomforts, correctional services, psychologist, infant, infanticide, psychological treatment, macronutrients, depression, treatment disparities, depression scale, ways of coping, culturally competent, non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer, circulating tumor DNA, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor, drug resistance, immunotherapy, protective devices, biodegradation, environmental, plastic pollution, medical laboratory services. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of health research.

  • Mastering Conversational AI: An In-depth Review of Recent Developments, Edition 1

    "Mastering Conversational AI: An In-Depth Review of Recent Developments." - In Conversational AI, you will discover how to: Select the right AI assistant, class and mode for interaction according to your needs. Develop conversation with an obvious intention as to whether you are aiming for an argumentative or engaging discussion. Begin with a basic understanding of the importance of AI. Teach your AI’s classifier from scratch. Develop conversational AI aids that work as question-and-answer bots. Test your assistant's accuracy and plan out improvements Conversational AI: Creating chatbots that work is a course that shows you how to build the kind of intelligent bots that are transforming the market for business customer services. This way, you will learn to develop solid conversational AI; something that can handle most of the routine questions that your clients have and reduce the number of problems they encounter. The launch of ChatGPT in November 2022 and the subsequent interest and upheaval in the world of Conversational AI encouraged us to write this book. The book is targeted at everybody who is already employed, is thinking about employment, or is interested in Conversational AI at all. Some of the people who will benefit from the book include, conversation designers working in industries where these new technologies present new problems and solutions; product owners, project managers, software developers, and data scientists interested in learning about these new methods and technologies; and last year computer science, undergraduates and graduates interested in Conversational AI. It will also be informative to professionals involved in content creation and curation in disciplines like marketing, law, medicine, and education as well as average citizens who want to learn more about this groundbreaking new technology. This book, Conversational AI: A Tool for Builders, goals to introduce developers to the arena of conversational AI tools and their practical packages within software program development, with a particular focus on code assistance and trouble fixing.

    We begin by exploring the position of AI inside the software program enterprise, laying out a top-level view of conversational AI in code analysis and the ability blessings it brings to the development lifecycle. Readers will gain a foundational understanding of herbal Language Processing (NLP) and gadget-gaining knowledge of (ML) in code assistance, in addition to numerous forms of conversational AI tools designed to assist in writing, reviewing, and debugging code. In final, we appear to the destiny of conversational AI in software program application development, exploring growing tendencies and providing an imaginative and prescient for the transformative functionality of AI-driven code assist. Via this book, builders will advantage of treasured information on the use of conversational AI as an effective tool to enhance their coding practices.

    The organization of this book is thoughtfully designed, presenting a chapter-wise exploration of Conversational AI (CAI) and its diverse applications in modern software development. Each chapter builds upon the previous, offering a seamless and in-depth understanding of CAI's foundational concepts, practical implementations, and future implications. We start with Chapter 1, which serves as an introduction to conversational AI, providing an overview of its foundational principles, types of CAI technologies, and an analysis of core studies that demonstrate CAI in practice. This sets the stage for understanding its potential and relevance. Chapter 2 explores CAI's crucial role in modern software development, emphasizing its impact on development paradigms and integration with current technologies. Chapter 3, explores the benefits and challenges of utilizing conversational AI in coding. It provides an in-depth discussion of the advantages it offers to developers, alongside a balanced examination of the obstacles and limitations faced in its application. Chapter 4, focuses on the synergy between Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Machine Learning (ML) in enhancing code assistance. This chapter elucidates how these technologies underpin CAI, enabling smarter and more intuitive coding support. Chapter 5, investigates CAI’s capabilities in diagnosing coding issues. It presents various diagnostic approaches and showcases how CAI tools streamline the debugging and error identification processes. Chapter 6, addresses best practices in code development and explores how CAI facilitates code-refactoring techniques, emphasizing efficiency and code quality. Chapter 7, shifts focus to collaborative learning and mentorship enabled by CAI. It highlights how conversational tools foster knowledge sharing and support among development teams. Chapter 8, is dedicated to AI-driven code review processes, examining the strengths and challenges of using CAI for evaluating code quality and adherence to standards. Chapter 9, sheds light on the role of CAI in supporting junior developers in real-time. It discusses how CAI serves as an accessible and dynamic guide, aiding their professional growth and confidence. Chapter 10, explores how CAI reduces cognitive load for developers by automating repetitive tasks and discusses real-world applications that illustrate its transformative impact. Chapter 11, addresses the critical topic of security implications when coding with AI assistants. It investigates potential vulnerabilities and offers insights into mitigating risks. Chapter 12, looks toward the future of CAI, discussing anticipated advancements and innovations that promise to further revolutionize software development. Chapter 13, presents a reflective review of key insights gained throughout the book, synthesizing the main themes and perspectives. Chapter 14, concludes the journey with final thoughts, offering a cohesive summary and underscoring the significance of CAI in shaping the future of technology.

  • New Visions in Science and Technology Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of science and technology. The contributions by the authors include  mechanical resistance, sand mortar, stabilizer, activity theory, creative inquiry, technology, insulin-like growth factor, pathogenesis, neonates, neurodevelopmental disorders, neurodegeneration, neuroprotection, groundwater, teeth mottling, treatment, text jargons, social networks, electrical discharge machining, polarity, ignition, streamer, additive, modelling, roughness, crystal structure, ZrO2 doping, X-ray diffraction, riveted method, Raman spectroscopy, system-level diagnosis, self-diagnosis, intermittent fault, hybrid-fault situations, computer simulation, data mining, metrical linguistics, statistical analysis, tourism, mixed halide perovskites, SCAPS 1D tool, modelling, performance analysis, English style analysis, metrical linguistics, artificial intelligence, block chain, internet of things, machine learning, security. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of science and technology.

  • Science and Technology: Developments and Applications Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of science and technology. The contributions by the authors include social intelligence, consumer feedback loops, artificial intelligence, electronics industry, consumer preferences, CO2 capture and geological storage, high temperature-high pressure assay, mineral sequestration, deep saline aquifer, digital imaging and communication, mobile Ad-Hoc networks, intermediate node traffic sharing model, destination-sequenced distance vector, Ad-Hoc on-demand distance vector, routing protocols, information and communications technologies, technology acceptance model, perceived ease of use, attitude towards use of the technology, color management, publishing industry, RGB, CMYK, editing tools, sustainable energy supply systems, renewable energy resources, environmental footprint, environmental impact assessment, technological anxiety, digital skills, medical attention, macro system factors, meso-system factors, electrical resistance tomography, hydrological problems, electrical resistivity, IoT Applications, machine learning algorithms, wireless sensor networks, priority based memory or storage balancing method, zwitterionic amino acid buffer solutions, N -(2-acetamido)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid (ACES), metabolic interferences, harned-type cell, Integrated Energy Blueprint, photosynthetic photon flux density, thermal performance curve, spiral coil tank, vapor compression cycle, energy efficient ratio. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of science and technology.

  • I Have Scoliosis: A Guidebook for Patients, Family Members, and Therapists

    For three generations now, our family has had a vocational and personal calling to treat scoliosis. My mother, Katharina Schroth, developed what she called the “three-dimensional scoliosis treatment” before 1920. As a child, I was already involved with the treatment of scoliosis patients, and in the end, I decided to pursue a career as a physical therapist.

    In Sobernheim in 1961, together with my mother, I established an institute for rehabilitating patients with spinal deformities, where, under my direction, up to 150 patients were housed and treated according to our intense treatment concept. In the 1980s, my son Dr. med. Hans-Rudolf Weiss teamed up with his wife to develop a Germany-wide advanced training program for physiotherapists. Thanks to his scientific work as the head physician of what was then the Katharina Schroth Clinic, the effectiveness of our method was able to be demonstrated. Since that time, the three-dimensional scoliosis treatment according to Katharina Schroth has caught on around the world.

    Up until the 1970s, my mother and I almost exclusively treated patients with very severe scoliosis. At the end of the 1970s, it finally occurred to me that there are different curvature patterns, each of which requires its own method of treatment. In addition, my son’s findings are the basis for treating more mild curvatures differently than pronounced ones, a concept with successful results.

    Even treatment using braces has become simpler nowadays. As late as in the 1980s, around 50 percent of scoliosis victims could not wear their braces due to pain. The devices were quite large, sometimes reaching all the way from the thighs to the chin (Milwaukee brace). Even the brace developed by Dr. Chêneau from Toulouse originally protruded a fair amount, causing adverse effects beyond merely cosmetic considerations.

    In 1999, my son was the first to develop a better Chêneau brace. Since then, it has become clear that one pelvic half of the brace can generally be done without and that, for some curvature patterns, even a short design delivers excellent results. For those who are afflicted, the developments that have taken place in our family’s history have been a true blessing. According to the current state of knowledge, the prospect of success offered by non-surgical scoliosis treatment is greater than 90 percent. The physiotherapeutic treatment has been simplified and the braces relatively comfortable to wear and no longer causing major discomfort, provided that treatment is being monitored by an experienced physician.

    I am happy and proud that my son has been so successful in taking up this traditional pursuit of our family and that the developmental process initiated on behalf of the patients continues on. This guidebook, which is now being published in its 9th edition, has already been a great help to many scoliosis patients. Especially at a time when a great many contradicting and dubious things are being spread over the Internet, scientifically verified information from the pen of an expert is extremely valuable. That is why I hope this book enjoys a wide circulation.

  • Dental Health and Diseases, Edition 1

    Oral health is an integral part of overall well-being, yet it is often overlooked or misunderstood. This book, Comprehensive Guide to Dental Diseases and Oral Health, is designed to serve as a definitive resource for dental professionals, students, and enthusiasts seeking a thorough understanding of dental anatomy, diseases, and their management.

    From the fundamental principles of dental anatomy to the complexities of oral pathology, this book provides a holistic approach to understanding the interplay between oral health and systemic health. Each chapter delves into specific conditions, enriched with clinical insights, diagnostic strategies, and evidence-based treatments. With the rapid advancements in technology and research, the book also explores the future of dentistry, highlighting innovations and emerging trends.

    Whether you are a seasoned practitioner, a student embarking on your journey in dentistry, or simply curious about oral health, this book aims to equip you with the knowledge and tools to make informed decisions and provide better care.

    Key Features:

    1. Comprehensive coverage of dental diseases and conditions.
    2. Practical insights into diagnosis and treatment.
    3. Emphasis on prevention and patient education.
    4. Discussion of cutting-edge technologies and future directions in dentistry.

    I hope this book inspires its readers to view oral health as a vital aspect of overall health and empowers them to contribute to a healthier, happier society.

  • Financially Feasible and Sustainable - Reviewing Academic Literature on Sustainability related Investment Studies

    Sustainable investing primarily means the ideology of sustainable investing puts sustainability into the core in investment decisions. Here, the sustainability related issues include e.g. climate change and environmental destruction/protection matters. Sometimes companies are forced to renew their operations and investments to more sustainable direction, as they face legal requirements and have to do it just to stay in business. But in reality, we do not achieve most environmentally friendly investments through political and legal pressure. In generally, the concept of sustainable investments has long been established in professional environments such as insurance companies or institutional investors, but its overall picture is still a bit vague. This vagueness is especially evident, when it comes to private companies’ sustainable investments and there is lot of scope to do further research within the matter. This particular research work provides an opportunity to learn, investigate and analyze how private companies and municipalities could aggregate value and exploit their business opportunities when applying financially feasible sustainability practices. A systematic review has been carried out in scientific literature, taking the Sustainable Development Goals promoted by United Nations as the base definition of sustainability. Along with governments and private sector investors, the insights provided by this search may also be of interest to economists and researchers for further research.

  • Story of Sepsis, Edition 1

    With profound gratitude, I wish to convey my heartfelt appreciation to my remarkable spouse, my devoted parents, my motivating educators especially my teacher (Dr Venugopalan PP), and the supreme being for endowing me with the fortitude to articulate the extensively acknowledged and critically significant medical condition referred to as SEPSIS. This serious condition impacts nearly 30 million individuals, leading to around 3 million deaths each year. According to the World Health Organization's (WHO) Global Report on Epidemiology and Burden of Sepsis from 2020, a significant portion of sepsis cases affects children.

    The purpose of this book is to provide a straightforward understanding of SEPSIS and its PROGNOSIS for undergraduate and postgraduate trainees, as well as medical faculty, using accessible language. The book takes a storytelling approach, making it easier to grasp the intricacies of Sepsis in a way that feels more engaging than a typical academic read.

    This book delves into various dimensions of SEPSIS, from the basics of pathophysiology and a brief history to the evolution of its definition, disruptions in homeostasis, different protocols implemented, clinical trials that have taken place, and the prognostic evaluation of sepsis patients.

    In today’s fast-paced world, TIME holds tremendous significance. Patients and their families look to healthcare professionals to deliver the best possible care, address their concerns, alleviate their worries, and offer reassurance. Every clinician dreams of seeing smiles on the faces of their patients and their loved ones. I hope this book inspires all who strive toward this goal.

  • Issues and Development in Health Research Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of Health Research. The contributions by the authors include COVID-19 pandemic, population, demographic changes, population pyramid, human capital loss, Celiac disease, gluten free diet, children, natural gluten free products, processed gluten free products, Sanitary food handling, street food vendors, Transportation, government legislation, vehicle, Taiwan, Acetaminophen, paracetamol, drug-induced liver injury, non-toxic, biomarkers, the food and drugs administration, clinical trial, kidney failure, bleeding disorders, coma, genomics, metabolomics, proteomics, technologies, integrated biologic, toxic, Stress, coping, immune activation, HIV, depression, HIV, AIDS, surveillance, HIV testing-diagnosis, United States, Blood loss, irrigating fluid absorption, photoelectric sensor, strain gauge transducer, transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), Oral glucose, pain response, invasive procedures, physiological changes, behavioural changes, infants, Genomic medicine, DNA & RNA sequencing, clinical research, clinical trial, gene mutations, first generation sequencing, next generation sequencing, technology, human genome sequencing project, gene-gene interactions, gene-environment interaction, genomic, Conductors, Drivers, First aid, First aid knowledge, First aid practice, Injury, Road traffic accident, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, autonomic neuropathy, benfotiamine, Case-based learning, protein energy malnutrition, baccalaureate of nursing, Sarcopenic obesity, Circuit exercise, Elderly, health related factors, Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI), Aortic valve stenosis, cardiac pacing, complications, Cancer, mental comorbidity, depression, pathophysiology, quality of life, psychocorrection, antidepressants, Nanotechnology, nanodentistry, nanomaterials, physical properties, Tuberous sclerosis, renal angiomyolipomas, cortical tubers, facial angiofibromas, genetic disorder, subependymal nodules, Physical activity, workplace, university, IPAQ, self-report, Histological Variants, Squamous cell carcinoma, Pigmented, Invasive squamous cell carcinoma. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Health Research.

  • Pharmaceutical Science: New Insights and Developments Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of pharmaceutical science. The contributions by the authors include transungual nail lacquer, photodynamic therapy, in-vitro diffusion, medication targeting, microencapsulation, microcrystalline cellulose, hard-gelatin capsule, natural antioxidant, anticoagulant therapy, direct oral anticoagulants, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, liquid chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, cephalosporin, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, antibiotic resistance,stress conditions, standard stock solution, limit of quantification, limit of detection, pharmacovigilance elective module, Molegro virtual docker, end-stage renal disease, antihypertensive, epilepsy, valproate, neurotoxic effects. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of pharmaceutical science.

  • Differential Diagnosis of Amyloid Deposits by Light, Polarization and Electron Microscopy

    The Hospital of the Order of the Brothers of Saint John of God was founded on October 15, 1806 by a wealthy nobleman, István Marczibányi and his wife, Mária Majthényi (Figs. 1 – 7).

    The National Institute of Rheumatology has been considered the citadel of rheumatology in Hungary.  The Institute was established after the Second World War, on July 1, 1951, after modernizing and extending the nearly 150 year old Hospital of the Order of the Brothers of Saint John of God in Budapest.

    The Golden Age of the National Institute of Rheumatology was the quarter of a century between 1957 and 1983.  During this period it became the center of a nationwide network of departments of rheumatology in Hungary (Fig. 8).  At its zenith it had nearly 1500 beds, mainly for rheumatic diseases in association with a general hospital which had the usual departments of internal medicine, cardiology, gastroenterology, ophthalmology, otorhinolaryngology, urology, general surgery and orthopedic surgery, allergology, etc.

    In July 1, 2000 the hospital and different parts of this institute (Figs. 1-9) has regained its former name, Hospital of the Order of the Brothers of Saint John of God in Budapest, Hungary.

    Of special significance for pathology is the fact that until the end of the 20th century all patients who died in a hospital in Hungary were autopsied.

    Between 1970 and 2000, 11537 patients died at this Institute; of these, 234 patients had rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 52 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), panarteritis nodosa (PAN), progressive systemic sclerosis (SSc), etc., and all of them were autopsied.

    This book is based on this autopsy population and biopsy material of the Pathology Department (Fig. 9), as well as on material sent in consultation over a time span of more than thirty years.

    The aim of this chapter has been to demonstrate the wide spectrum of amyloidosis and reveal its histologic, histochemical, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic charcteristics.

  • New Advances in Business, Management and Economics Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of business, management and economics. The contributions by the authors include productivity paradox, decision analysis,  eco-tourism, mountain tourism, new economic policy, agricultural technology adoption, theory of planned behaviour, theory of technology acceptance, theory of resistance, confirmatory factor analysis, debt structure, industry chain, community-driven development, knowledge management, knowledge protection, customer satisfaction, knowledge sharing, bank loan financing, market efficiency, stock prices, financial inclusion, economic growth, knowledge acquisition, customer satisfaction, sales growth, knowledge protection. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of business, management and economics.

  • Newest Updates in Physical Science Research Vol. 15

    This book covers key areas of physical science research. The contributions by the authors include paranormal phenomena, radiesthesia, miracles, quantum mechanics, Matter waves, stable atomic electron orbits, kinetic energy, Sol-gel method, hexagonal structure, atomic nuclear structure, nuclear stability and instability, fermions, Bosons, Dirac Gamma Matrices, d dimensional universe, group symmetry, holomorphic function, self-consistent field, systems approach to physics, mind-body physics, energy requirements, Alcubierre propulsion system, reduction energy, general relativity, apparent superluminal neutrinos, general relativity, neutrino oscillation, neutrino “temporal” oscillation, “bosonic” flavors, radial path (longitudinal), transverse path, longitudinal waves toc of the neutrino, transverse waves tc of the photon, false flux of neutrinos, true flux of neutrinos, Waves, electrons, orbital quantum numbers, Pauli exclusion principle roger Ellman, The-Origin Foundation, nanopowder, homogeneity, electrolyte, biopolymers, degradation, biopolymer blends, biopolymer composites, biopolymer applications, compressed natural gas, combustion, emissions, exhaust gas recirculation, air fuel ratio, compression ratio, spin-triplet states, spin-lattice relaxation, fractal dimensionality. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of physical science research.

  • Chemistry and Biochemistry: Research Progress Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of chemistry and biochemistry. The contributions by the authors include indigenous building technology, phytochemicals, high-power liquid chromatography, thin layer chromatography, water quality parameters, psoriasis healing physicochemical parameters, balneotherapy, hot spring water, toxicity level, artificial sweeteners, sodium saccharin, ion-specific effects, air/water interface, deionized water, molecular dynamic simulations, nematicidal action, chitosan nanoformulation, Dl-limonene alone, breast cancer, estrogen sulfotransferase, antimicrobial potential, phytochemical screening, heterogeneous photocatalysts, wastewater remediation, photocatalysis, graphene quantum dots, advanced oxidation. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of chemistry and biochemistry.

  • New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 10

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical research. The contributions by the authors include extrapulmonary, caseation, HIV, granuloma, diagnostic technique, tuberculosis, mesenchymal stem cells, dry eye, duration, disease, arthritis, ocular manifestation, lead poisoning, septo-optic dysplasia,  ongenital abnormalities, hearing loss, cost analysis, virtual fracture clinic model, cyclophosphamide, total body irradiation, adrenergic, adrenal hormone, multivariate analysis, machine learning, pediatric epilepsy, seizure detection, Seizure prediction, outcome prediction, adenocarcinoma, jejunum, small intestine, depression, thanatosis, civilizational breakthrough, biotope, defense mechanisms, civilizational transformation, convulsions, epilepsy, mixed epithelial and stromal tumor, kidney, ovary, serous cystadenoma, biphasic, cysts, hormones, mixed tumor, hematopoietic stem cells, morhogenesis in host tissues, young lymphocytes, cytotoxic chemotherapy, localized scleroderma, dermatology, neuro-endocrine disorders, nature of Consciousness, probabilistic, ether factor, quantum minds, amino butyrate aminotransferase, Gamma Aminobutyric Acid, Gamma Aminobutyric Acid Transaminase, midbrain, Oculomotor nerve, artery of Percheron, proximal segments, hyperglycemia, basal insulin, versus basal-plus, basal-bolus insulin, hypogonadism, testosterone, clomiphene, polycythemia, corona virus disease. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical research.

  • Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of medical science. The contributions by the authors include glaucoma, central cornea thickness, open angle glaucoma, irrigation fluid absorption, percutaneous nephro lithotripsy, kidney stone disease, paragangliomas, carotid body tumors, neuroendocrine tumors, lung-sparing resections, synaptophysin, chromogranin, congenital coronary anomalies, primary percutaneous coronary intervention, anomalous left circumflex coronary artery, multipurpose guide catheter, primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction, ozone therapy, trigeminal neuralgia, triggerpoints, continued paroxistic pain, male pelvic congestion, erectile dysfunction, endothelial-derived nitric oxide, cyclic guanosine monophosphate, intra-pelvic venous congestion syndrome, paravalvular leak, transcatheter aortic valve implantation, paravalvular leak device, heart failure, hemolytic anemia, isolated patellar resurfacing, anterior knee pain, patella replacement, hand injury scoring system, management protocols, human microbiome, human-virus conflict, brain tissue, diabetic neuropathy, glycosylated hemoglobin, medicinal cannabis therapy, cutaneous leishmaniasis, ethical conflicts, psychological empowerment, management factors, nursing, cardiac myxoma, transesophageal echocardiography, transthoracic 2D echocardiography. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of medical science.

  • Selected Topics in Humanities and Social Sciences Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of humanities and social sciences. The contributions by the authors include interpretive arc, Philosophical hermeneutics, Translational hermeneutics, activity theory, reflective practice, teacher education, synergistic and contradictory factors, entrepreneurship, unemployment, unanticipated medical retirement, reintegration, veterans, Systematic Review, Transition, Reintegration, Unanticipated Medical Retirement, human resource, state-owned enterprise, labor turnover, policy review, bio-gerontology, replicative senescence, epigenetic theory, parabiosis, program theories, damage theories, mobile phone, technology, interpersonal communication, Niall Ferguson, Henry Kissinger, Charles Degaulle, Hans Morgenthau, Vietnam war, john Kenneth Galbraith, Kantian idealism, Robert Stewart Castlereagh, Otto von Bismarck, credibility and international politics, University enrollment, eliminating tuition fees, redistributive analysis, redistributive analysis, authoring tools, use of authoring tools, teaching, learning, parental alcohol use, personality traits, organs of speech, communication, pedagogy, articulation. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of humanities and social sciences.

  • Chemical Warfare and Environmental Warfare Operations, Edition 1

    This book is designed to provide a complete, authoritative, current and readable chemical warfare and environmental warfare for chemical and environmental engineering researchers. It also offers special features that make it useful to military science researchers. Information is organized according to the sequences for the development of this science. This sequence builds new information on information already known. Because of the explosive increase in the number of recognized chemical warfare agents and environmental warfare agents, this book is defined as a new type of warfare operation, that is an environmental warfare operation. This type of warfare operation is done by many military armies worldwide, often without complete research study or design calculations for these kinds of operations. It involves the use of hazardous materials as warfare agents, which are spread over specific land areas. The aim of this book is to provide a complete guide for the hazards of different chemical substances, such as perfume or any other gases, as carriers for warfare agents. It also provides a useful read reference for chemistry, chemical warfare and chemical engineering researchers. This book defines the risk of different chemical substances (perfume, industrial waste, mining waste) against community public health.

  • Plants in Herbal Medicine; Their Traditional Uses, Chemistry and Biology

    Many books have been written on traditional medical practice, herbal medicines of various cultures and others on complementary and alternative medicine. There are many reviews and other books that have listed and described medicinal plants used in these forms of medicines to manage/treat specific diseases. There are also books which have listed such plants and their medicinal values without a word on what such plants contain as active constituents. Our aim in this book is to present information on over 400 medicinal plants that are commonly used in herbal medicine. Such information covers their traditional uses, chemistry and known biological values as established by medicinal plant research. Thus this book will attempt to fill a gap, describing these plants properly and providing explanation or rationale for their efficacies and use in herbal medicine.

    The book is designed to be both a text for use in teaching and research in many areas of Pharmacy; useful also as a reference book. It is a book to consult when you want to start any research work on plants commonly used in herbal medicine and to update your knowledge in any area of medicinal plant research. It is a book to consult when herbal practitioners and pharmaceutical outfits across the globe want to identify plants, update their knowledge of the plant and even make use of the plant in medicines. As the book contain plants commonly used as food, it is recommended to nutritionists and all healthcare scientists/workers who must update their knowledge of these plants and their products as nutritional and dietary considerations are now valued in all healing processes and food preparations.

    The early parts of the book introduces the reader to medicinal plant research- plant use traditionally- ethnopharmacology, plant identification, collection and storage- portraits of the plants are provided, aspects of plant processing, importance of medicinal plants, what plant active ingredients mean, the impact of religion on plant utilization, what phytochemistry means, dosage forms presentation and the consideration of some plants listed according to their botanical families. The early chapters of the book covers plants in the families from Acanthaceae to Menispermaceae while the later continues with the family Moraceae ending with the families of plants in Zygophyllaceae. Fifteen medicinal plants in a special class- Pteridophyta and described as pteridophytes have been added. The book also comprises an explanation of medical terms and the compilation of plants used for specific health dis-order or a group of health dis-orders.

    We hope that we have prepared a book that will be of great use for medical practice and medicinal plant research as well as a shelf reference for all who must use the plant and its products as food, in medicines and as a natural endowment.

  • Instructional Technology in the 21\(^{st}\) Century: Tools and Strategies for Effective Teaching and Learning, Edition 1

    Instructional Technology in the 21st Century: Tools and Strategies for Effective Teaching and Learning is a user-friendly book. It is churned from research, best practices as well as authors’ extensive knowledge of classroom dynamics. The book is written to help university students, educators, student-teachers as well as in-service teachers to overcome their technology integration fears in the classroom. The intention of the authors is to bring to the fore the numerous learning opportunities that have become available as a result of 21st-century technologies. Instructional Technology in the 21st Century: Tools and Strategies for Effective Teaching and Learning discusses the historical antecedents of the Instructional Design field, technology use in Ghana, digital tools and software applications by Morrison and Lowther (2010), challenges of technology use in Ghana, Instructional Design models (Nine Conditions of Learning, ASSURE, NTEQ and ADDIE), data collection techniques, e-learning as well as modern applications that educators, teachers, and students can use to facilitate learning and improve performance.

    There are three main features of the book that are unique from most of the books on technology. First, the authors attempt to explain the problem that each of the chapters seeks to address. This is meant to help readers become aware of some of the burning issues as well as have something to think about as they read along. Second, the authors have strategically placed reflections in the various sections. These reflections are to help the readers think and ask the right questions and possibly generate creative and critical answers for some of the challenges we face. Third, there are brief suggestions on how to integrate simple tools into the teaching and learning process. Depending on the context within which the book is to be used, teachers are welcome to add or take away aspects that might not work within their environments. From the standpoint of instructional design and technology, we need to be concerned with the main principles that underlie technology use.

  • A Concise Clinicopathological Handbook of Diabetes Mellitus

    “A Concise Clinicopathological Hand Book of Diabetes Mellitus” book is a short, narrative book which specifically discusses selected areas on Diabetes. It focuses on the basic pathogenesis and pathophysiology of diabetes, its complications and also the management. The book contains elaborate diagrams and flowcharts for easy understanding of the subject.  This book will definitely be of immense benefit for readers.

    The authors of the chapters are established teachers, researchers in their respective fields and have good experience. The authors have left no stones unturned in their sincere effort to come out with this rational product. I congratulate the authors and best of luck for the readers.

  • Geography, Earth Science and Environment: Research Highlights Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of geography, earth science and environment. The contributions by the authors include anthropic contaminants, microcystins, cylindrospermopsins, polychlorinated biphenyls, cyanotoxins, and trace elements, bioaccumulation, soil and water assessment tool hydrology model, runoff simulation, climate variability, sensitivity analysis, heavy metals, physical and chemical parameters, water quality, BOD levels, orographic effects, heavy rain production, convective available potential energy, 2D and 3D high-wind simulations, UV Index, greenhouse gases, climate change, emissions of methane, landfill leachate, phycoremediation, cyanobacteria, waste disposal, pharmaceutical pollution, aquatic ecosystems, bioremediation strategies, wastewater treatment plants, environmental impact, global biodiversity information facility, mega-diverse floristic composition, sustainable livestock farming, Andean grasslands, shear strength behaviour, consolidated drained triaxial test, Mangrovian biodiversity, sea reclamation, mangrove forest species. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of geography, earth science and environment.

  • New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical research. The contributions by the authors include mind genomics, cartography, burnout, stress, physical exhaustion dentists, papillary thyroid cancer, thyroid swelling, granulomatous thyroid lesions, immunostaining, Birbeck granules, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor, influenza, periodic acid Schiff, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, whole lung lavage, manual liquid based cytology, endometrium, cervix, serum vitamin D level, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Vitamin D deficiency, aortic type A dissection, gender specific risk factors, computed tomography, septoplasty, surgical intervention, deviated septum, total laparoscopic hysterectomy, total abdominal hysterectomy, efficacy, outcome, complications, pyrexia of unknown origin, adult-onset Still’s disease, haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, hyperferritinaemia, leiomyoma, space of retzius, Infertility, benign gynaecological tumour, common carotid artery, common trunk, external carotid artery, facial artery, lingual artery, superior thyroid artery, antimicrobial assay, pediatric, essential medicine, gynaecology, malignancy, acute renal failure, hair dye poisoning, rhabdomyolysis, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, risk factors, corticomedullary Junction, proximal convoluted tubules, distal convoluted tubules, loop of Henle, intrauterine growth retardation, eclampsia, magnesium toxicity, maternal mortality, pregnancy induced hypertension. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical research.

  • Advanced Sterile Compounding: Current Standards, Edition 1

    The field of sterile compounding is constantly evolving, driven by a commitment to patient safety and the pursuit of excellence in pharmaceutical care. This book, "Advanced Sterile Compounding: Current Standards," aims to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date resource for healthcare professionals involved in this critical area.

    Within these pages, you will find a detailed exploration of the latest United States Pharmacopeia (USP) standards for sterile compounding, including the significant revisions implemented in 2023. We delve into the crucial aspects of risk-based categorization, personnel responsibilities, environmental controls, and the preparation of various types of compounded sterile preparations (CSPs).

    This book is intended to serve as a valuable guide for pharmacists, nurses, technicians, and other healthcare professionals who are involved in the preparation, dispensing, and administration of sterile medications. Whether you are a seasoned professional or a student embarking on your journey in sterile compounding, this resource will provide you with the knowledge and understanding necessary to ensure the highest standards of quality, safety, and patient care.

    We hope that this book will serve as a valuable tool in your professional development and contribute to the ongoing advancement of sterile compounding practices.

  • New Visions in Science and Technology Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of science and technology. The contributions by the authors include electromagnetism, axiomatics, unity of classical physics, Lorentz force, Helmholtz force, Lipschitz force, Poisson equation, Yukawa equation, Klein-Gordon equation, cognitive communication, cortical lesion, subcortical lesion, network security, cloud security, cybersecurity, securing work-from-home, COVID-19, SWOT analysis, Cameroonian mining code, ethnomethodology, inappropriate laws, extractive field, hybridization, DNA fingerprinting, physical properties, mechanical properties, wood modification, elasticity, economic analysis, grain quality, general physical uncertainty relations, heisenberg uncertainity principle, heisenberg uncertainity relations, lorentz transformations, planck constant, theory of special relativity, ZnO nanoparticles, graphite, bandgap and electrical conductivity, fuzzy sets, entropy, intutionistic fuzzy sets, intutionistic fuzzy divergence, multi-attribute decision making tool, glycosaminoglycans, hydrolysis, GAGs content, bio compounds, hydrophilic and negatively charged surface, amphoteric articular cartilage, interfacial energy, friction coefficient, model of hydrophilic lubrication, voice recognition, wireless communication, Bluetooth connectivity, infrared, microcontroller, assistive technology. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of science and technology.

  • Comprehensive Human Laboratory Immunology: Principles, Protocols and Application, Edition 1

    Most immunology laboratory manuals and handbooks tackle mainly the methodologic aspects with a brief theoretical introduction. The present COMPREHENSIVE HUMAN LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY: PRINCIPLES, PROTOCOLS AND APPLICATIONS is informative with narrative simple language expressing bench work immunology in an essay trend. It constitutes an excerpt of 25 years of immunology bench works on human disease condition in recreational revisiting approaches and was organized into five parts, nine sections and 28 essay chapters. This manual was intended to serve postgraduate immunology students, immunology researchers and health professionals, especially in areas with low availability of scientific equipmental resources.

  • New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical research. The contributions by the authors include leprosy, chronic infectious disease, peripheral nerves, migration, public health, biochemistry, mutation, assortative mating, hearing loss, adhesive remnant index, Visual analogue scale, acute lymphoblastic eukemia, skin nodules, T-cells, lymphoblasts, blood count, flow cytometry, ultrasound, portal vein, diameter, flow velocity, abdominal circumference, hypertension, digital photometry, forensic science, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, serum uric acid, homocystine, ferritin, biomarker, brain metastasis, prognostic factors, scoring systems, prognosis, rectus sheath hematoma, fothergill sign, Carnett sign, prostate cancer, fiducial marker, gold marker, PEEK marker, radiotherapy, oncology, amenorrhea, MRKH syndrome, Müllerian duct, bone allograft, cleft lip, cleft palate, osteo-conduction, osteo-induction, fibroadenoma, fibroepithelial lesions, phyllodes tumours, histopathological spectrum, morphological assessment, simple nephrectomy, ureteral tumor, ureteral stump, urothelial carcinoma, acute bacterial meningitis, cerebrospinal fluid, acute kidney injury, sepsis, hemodialysis, conservative therapy, primary hyperaldosteronism, adrenal venous sampling, hypertension, hypokalemia, cardiovascular diseases. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical research.

  • Chemical and Materials Sciences: Developments and Innovations Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of chemical and materials sciences. The contributions by the authors include cohesive forces, carbon-based materials, protein stability, energy storage systems, carbon rule of law, preservation of historical monuments, instrumental techniques, drones, visual inspection, lithium perchlorate, propylene carbonate and tetrahydrofuran mixture, ionic dissociation, limiting equivalent conductance, thin-film liquid spinning coaxial reactor, microwave-assisted heating, rotation mixing, polar liquids, carbon dioxide corrosion, CO2 aggressiveness, formation of bicarbonate and carbonate, corrosion inhibitors, UNS S41427 super martensitic stainless steel, propargyl alcohol, carbonate rocks, hydrochloric acid injection scheme, cellular automata modeling, corrosion management, simulation corrosion, uniform corrosion model, localized corrosion, stress corrosion cracking model, SnO2-based ceramics, Hall-Héroult process, microwave sintering, electrical resistivity. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of chemical and materials sciences.

  • Significance of the Activities of Choshu-men towards the Realization of the Meiji Restoration (Part 1: Outline)

    1868! Japan experienced a dramatic historical transformation in this year of opportunity. It was the so-called Meiji Restoration. The political system changed to a constitutional monarchy centered on the emperor. For more than 700 years before that, the country had a military government (i.e., an administration under the control of samurai).

    In those days, in the West, the Industrial Revolution began in various countries—mainly, the UK—because of the remarkable developments in science and technology. As these countries sought wealth, they began to expand into Asia to ensure market and resource growth. Western powers have negotiated many trade deals for decades with Japan in accordance with the opening of the country.

    However, the national seclusion—a matter that the Tokugawa shogunate inherited and passed down from generation to generation—was absolutely followed. It was the shogunate’s policy to refuse to open the country based on Japanese national law. Therefore, the Tokugawa shogunate refused.

    The fact that the neighboring country, the great power Qing, was defeated in the Opium War and became a semicolonial British country, had an extremely large impact on Japan at that time. Consequently, the shogunate withdrew the order to dispose of foreign vessels and issued a decree granting permission to provide only foreign vessels in distress with fuel and water in order to avoid an unnecessary war.

    The shogunate’s foreign softening amid the sense of crisis presented by Western Europe’s expansion into Asia eventually became a major factor in the opening of the country. Each clan also made preparations to counter the threat of foreign powers.

    Under these circumstances, the East India Squadron Commander-in-Chief Matthew Calbraith Perry was responsible for the opening of Japan to President Millard Fillmore. The purposes of opening included (1) securing fuel and food for whaling, (2) ensuring the safety of seafarers, (3) establishing a relationship with Japan as a port of call for China and other trade routes through the Pacific Ocean, and (4) fulfilling the Democratic Party’s Christian mission.

    Perry obtained information about Japan and the Japanese (through NIPPON, written by Dr. Siebold, a German doctor who worked at the Dutch trading house in Nagasaki) before embarking on an expedition in Japan. Thus, he elaborately prepared for the opening of Japan.

    In this way, Perry, who was very familiar with Japan and the Japanese tendency, did not recognize the Japanese national law indicated by the shogunate. He conducted gunboat diplomacy with the application of military pressure from the Black Ships fleet.

    Finally, the shogunate concluded the treaty of peace and amity, realizing that the opening of the country was unavoidable. Since then, unequal trade treaties have been signed in succession with the Netherlands, Russia, Great Britain, and France, in addition to the United States.

    In Japan, it was not only the shogunate that had no choice but to open the country. The forces that revered the emperor and tried to prevent and eliminate the tyranny of the Western powers and expel them expanded remarkably. This so-called Sonno Joi Movement promoted reverence for the emperor and the expulsion of foreigners. The pressure from Western powers to open the country caused a major disruption.

    Accordingly, many patriots of the Satsuma, Choshu, Tosa, and Hizen domains, among others, stood up to make Japan a country that could not be defeated by the Western powers. The Choshu domain (as shown in Fig. 1) was at the forefront of the process. The precious blood of many young feudal retainers was shed in its central role in promoting major historical reforms in Japan. The evidence is seen in the many outstanding achievements in each field.

    In Japan, the “fathers” of the Cabinet, diplomacy, Japanese industry, railways, money, modern military science, justice, electricity, Japanese woolen fabrics, modern Japanese painting, and modern architecture were Choshu-men (with hometowns in the present Yamaguchi Prefecture). Likewise, the first director of the Supreme Court (currently, the Secretary of the Supreme Court), the entrepreneur who laid the foundation for modern Japanese industry, the entrepreneur who developed Osaka’s infrastructure, the parent of the Japanese veterinary world, the pioneer of Japanese library administration, the general respected by enemy nations, and the ardent Christian and educator representing the early Meiji era were also Choshu-men. Furthermore, the total tenure of the Prime Minister from Choshu is overwhelming at 42.6 years (eight years for Tokyo, which is second), exceeding the tenure of all prime ministers by 31% as of June, 2021.

    Why did Choshu-men contribute so many human resources? Why on earth? Surely, the activities of the Choshu-men have given us, who live in modern times, a great and irreplaceable treasure. In particular, the activities of Choshu-men before and after the Meiji Restoration are astonishing. What is the modern-day significance of the activities of the Choshu-men before and after the Meiji Restoration? How is human history flowing? What is the driving force behind it? This knowledge is necessary to understand the current world’s course.

    The main purpose of this book and its successor is to provide essential answers to these questions from the perspective that human history is God’s providence to save humanity.

  • Integrated Approaches to Natural Resource and Environmental Sustainability, Edition 1

    In an era marked by rapid environmental changes, resource depletion, and the increasing demand for energy, achieving sustainable development has become a critical global priority. Integrated Approaches to Natural Resource and Environmental Sustainability is designed to address the interconnected challenges of managing natural resources, energy systems, and environmental impacts. This book serves as a comprehensive guide for students, researchers, policymakers, and professionals, providing insights into the principles and practices of sustainable resource and energy management. It integrates diverse perspectives, including technical, economic, and community-based approaches, to promote holistic and actionable solutions for current and future challenges. This book emphasizes practical strategies and real-world applications, with case studies and examples from various contexts. Its goal is to inspire readers to think critically and act decisively to create sustainable solutions. The author extend our heartfelt gratitude to the experts, practitioners, and reviewers who contributed their knowledge and insights during the development of this book. Their input has enriched the content and ensured its relevance to today’s environmental and sustainability challenges. It is my hope that this book will empower readers to take meaningful steps toward creating a balanced and sustainable future for all.

  • Psychological Evaluation of Orthodontic Patients

    The psychological evaluation during orthodontic treatment plays an important role in motivating and creating awareness among patients. Understanding the psychology and goals is imperavtive for achieving successful treatment outcomes. One of the key objectives of this book is to present, how the psychology is related to the orthodontic treatment. This book also emphasizes on the doctor-patient relationship and ensure that the patients have positive attitude and behavior towards the treatment so as, they achieve the desired treatment goals. It focuses on the impacts of psychology in medicine and dentistry overall. Moreover, how psychology imparts its significance in adulthood and childhood is also focused. Dentist being not only doctor but also being a counselor helps in patients for better understanding and acceptance of treatment.

  • Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of medical science. The contributions by the authors include congenital bilateral sporadic aniridia, post-traumatic aniridia, aniridia-associated keratopathy, glaucoma, cyclocryotherapy, cataract, posterior segment abnormalities, vertex epidural hematoma, one-piece central craniotomy, epidural hematomas, psychopathological disorders, drug addiction, acute radial artery injury, distal radius fracture, complex injury of wrist, oxidative stress, cerebrovascular disease, angiotensin-converting enzyme, covid-19-associated mucormycosis, fungal infection, rhinocerebral mucormycosis, critical therapeutic intervention, aura migraine, pulmonary arteriovenous fistula, transcranial doppler, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, cancer prevention, cancer cure, precision medicine, precision drugs, undiagnosed hypertension, professional educators, bilateral total knee arthroplasty, lumbar spinal exercises, waist circumference, limulus amebocyte lysate technology, sepsis, fungal infections, endotoxin, endotoxin scattering photometry, fluorescence spectroscopy, Barakat syndrome, sensorineural hearing loss, GATA3 mutations, auditory brainstem evoked response, chronic kidney disease, auditory brainstem, hypoparathyroidism, otoacoustic emission. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of medical science.

  • New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical research. The contributions by the authors include echocardiography, pregnancy, heart disease, maternal mortality, practice management, successful dental practice, ermatoglyphics, Turner's syndrome, finger prints, Ulnar loops, fetal maturity, gestational age, histometry, means epidermal thickness, pleural effusion, ovarian cancer, Meigs’ syndrome, hydrothorax, dengue hemorrhagic fever, pregnancy, thrombosis, corneal opacity, disposable sleeves, microbial load, microorganisms, luminal endothelial membrane, g-protein coupled receptors, metalloproteases, luminal endothelial solutes exclusion zone, coronary artery disease, cardiology, atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, free radicals, non-pathogenic bacteria, meropenem, amoebic liver abscess, children, liver abscess, pyogenic liver abscess, coagulopathy, morbidity, magnetic resonance imaging, adherent placenta, Nitabuch’s layer, Placental villi, haemorrhage, fertile period, fertile window, fertility-awareness, infertility, blood transfusion, national blood policy, drugs and cosmetics act, blood donors, blood and blood components, breast feeding, satisfaction, infant satisfaction, blifestyle and maternal body image, hamartoma, mammary, pseudocapsule, elastosonography, COVID-19 pandemic, corona ‘Solidarity’ trial, severe acute respiratory syndrome, freyer’s suprapubic trans-vesicle prostatectomy, Foley’s balloon pressure traction, blood loss, drug metabolism, glutathione S-transferase, human immunodeficiency virus, genetic variants. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical research.

  • An Overview of Literature, Language and Education Research Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of literature, language and education research. The contributions by the authors include concept mapping, differentiated teaching practice, learning disabilities, teaching mechanics, differentiated instruction, ethnic minorities, educational equity, language barriers, education access, bilingual education, vocational education and training, student affairs practitioners, change models, John Kotter’s change model, staff well-being, student support services, performance lag address program, instructional supervision, stakeholder functions, policy implementation, public policy, strategic management, open system model, ineffective communication, organization, administration, metacognition, self-management skills, metacognitive development, differentiated learning, geometry materials, technology applications, geometric thinking level, qualitative-translation research, linguistic dimensions, functional equivalence theory, cultural model of translation, consensual validation, learning burnout, three-dimensional theory, single-dimensional theory, psychosocial factors, group motivation. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of literature, language and education research.

  • Current Approaches in Science and Technology Research Vol. 14

    This book covers key areas of science and technology research. The contributions by the authors include data mining, environmentology, metrical linguistics, statistical analysis, text mining, gravity, antigravity, gravitational shielding, diamagnetism, superconductor, gas chromatography, geographical influences, digital library, E-Learning, Diamond-like nano-coating, anti-friction, wear-resistance, eudiometry, assimilative capacity, bootstrapping, model tricking, automotive industry, alliance, environment, Swot analysis, sustainable development, renewable energy education, teaching–learning resource materials, introducing renewable energy in schools, public understanding of renewable energy, hybrids, heterosis, CTS thin films, sol-gel spin coating process, fermented whey, antimicrobial, minimally processed vegetables, quality markers, sensory evaluation, disinfection, chlorine alternative, stream function, axisymmetric flow, myopia, biodegradable wastes, non-biodegradable wastes, tubular photo-reactor, arsenic removal, groundwater, flocculation, music therapy. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of science and technology research.

  • Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of medical science. The contributions by the authors include perceived parental behaviour, adolescent sexual risk behaviour, religiosity, novel biliary conduit, choledochoplasty, bile duct reconstruction, necrotizing pancreatitis, biliary tract repair, biliary tract destruction, damaged extrahepatic biliary tree,  magnetic resonance imaging, mullerian duct anomalies, ultrasonography, COVID-19 vaccines, adenovirus-shuttled vaccine, whole-virion inactivated vaccine, subarachnoid haemorrhage, lenticulostriate artery aneurysm, facial nerve, geniculate ganglion, petrosal nerves, nuclear paralysis, cerebral small vessel disease, geriatric intervention, vertigo, hysterectomy, numerical pain rating scale, possum scoring system, expected morbidity, laparotomy, scoring system, metabolic syndrome, non-metabolic syndrome, tumor necrosis factor, immunohistochemistry, cancer progression, prostate cancer, immunosensor, neuroendocrine differentiation. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the field of medical science.

  • Selected Topics in Humanities and Social Sciences Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of humanities and social science. The contributions by the authors include educational leadership, internationalization status, faculty research capability, top management leadership skills, descriptive, correlation, multi-regression analysis, proliferation, regional agreements, STEM education, school restructuring, district magnet, curriculum reform, assistive technology, mathematical analysis tools, linguistic context, physical context, teaching and learning strategies, preventive mental health work, parental involvement, early childhood education, learning outcomes, hindrances, female principals, male principals, convergence views, divergence views, cultural organization, migration, internal migrants, labour migration, citizens science, globalization, transnational organizations, democracy, cultural systems, slavery, trauma, sexual exploitation. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of humanities and social sciences.

  • 2-Phenylethanol and Cyclodextrins: A Review of Properties and Applications, Edition 1

    This fascinating book delves into the intriguing world of essential oils and their promising industrial, cosmetic, and medicinal applications. Among the many volatile constituents that make up these precious essences, we highlight 2-phenylethanol (2-PE), whose characteristic rose petal aroma has captivated the senses and conquered markets.

    Wrapped in its volatility and challenged by its low water solubility, 2-PE finds its potential limited for biotechnological applications. However, this book presents an innovative approach to overcoming these obstacles and revealing the full potential of this valuable compound.

    The key to unlocking the exceptional properties of 2-PE lies in forming inclusion complexes with cyclodextrins. In their conical shape and hydrophobic cavity, these macrocyclic oligosaccharides can wrap molecules, such as 2-PE, in a protective embrace, making them more stable and gradually releasing their therapeutic virtues.

    In this book, you will be taken through a study on the preparation and characterization of the inclusion complex between 2-PE and \(\beta\)-cyclodextrin. We will unveil the details of the synthesis using the spray drying technique, an approach that offers notable advantages in terms of speed and efficiency.

    Throughout the pages, you will discover how analytical techniques, such as infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and X-ray diffraction, allow us to understand the structure and stability of this inclusion complex. In addition, we will explore the intriguing computational investigations that would enable us to visualize molecular interactions and estimate the theoretical formation of the complex.

    But we don't stop there. This book also delves into the biological applications of the 2-PE and \(\beta\)-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes. You will be guided through antinociceptive activity assays in acute pain and motor coordination models. The surprising results reveal how the complex enhances the properties of 2-PE, opening up the way for promising therapeutic applications.

    While we unravel the secrets of this encapsulated aroma, we will also journey through the rich information on essential oils, their commercial value, and their production, focusing on Brazil, one of the leading producers of these natural treasures.

    I invite you to dive into this book’s pages, complete with scientific knowledge, intriguing discoveries, and exciting possibilities. Prepare to be captivated by the fragrance of words and let yourself be carried away by the science that transforms the potential of molecules into innovative solutions.

  • Behavioural Perspectives

    The word that rules the market and human decisions is Emotions. Although there are other terms like psychology and behaviour related with management decisions and researchers in this area has given tremendous viewpoints. It highlights the fact that we are dealing with real people in the real markets those have real feeling neither practical nor logical. Thus, behavioral studies have become essential for business environment. As a result, in the recent times this discipline has grown by leaps and bounds with contributions of experts in these fields. We make an attempt to cover the major aspects of behavioral perspectives with this book.

    This book is an attempt to introduce various behavioral perspectives in the light of management decision. It must keep in mind that although behavioural concepts can be studied in different ways, they are difficult to implement. Organizational Human behaviour can be studied in various ways in context to employees, consumers, investors and public as common. In this regard, the book discusses the existing available perspectives and their behavioral counterparts. It analyses the various behavioural perspectives in detail as well as their individual and organizational behaviour.

  • Foundations and Applications of Remote Sensing and GIS, Edition 1

    Agriculture is the backbone of the Indian economy. Agriculture in India is mainly dependent on monsoon rains. Due to excessive use of chemical fertilizers, uncontrolled use of irrigation water, less use of organic fertilizers and climate change soil health has deteriorated therefore decreasing soil fertility and soil productivity. Therefore, modern tools such as Remote Sensing (RS) and GIS are very important for monitoring the agricultural as well as climate changes. The area of Remote Sensing and GIS are greatly expanding very fast and methods of Remote Sensing & GIS are greatly useful in Agriculture for observation and monitoring crops, soil and water conditions, and predicting and monitoring climate changes. Therefore, the application of Remote Sensing & GIS in Agriculture is needed to understand the basic concepts of Remote Sensing & GIS. This book aims to introduce the basic concepts of Remote Sensing & GIS. This book covers the key area of Remote Sensing & GIS including history, basics, component and types of remote sensing, resolution of remote sensing, interaction of EMR, basics of aerial photography, remote sensing platforms, remote sensing orbits and types of sensors, history, component and types of data in GIS, shape of earth and map projection & datum. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the fields of agricultures.

  • Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 17

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical science. The contributions by the authors include hair regrowth, Wound healing, Wnt signaling, WD-Aptamer, anti-oxidation, vitamin C, ROS, DNA aptamer, inflammatory effects, lymphedema, chronic oedema, complex decongestive physiotherapy, manual lymph drainage, granulomatous, mastitis, tuberculous, malignancy, abscess, sinuses, histopathology, pregnancies, gestational diabetes, placenta, prognosis, disseminated tumor cells, bone marrow, non-small cell lung cancer, morphology, flow cytometry, cancer stem cells, subpopulations of T-cells, abnormal uterine bleeding, endometrium, histopathology, parotid cyst, mammary analogue secretary carcinoma, salivary gland tumors, total conservative parotidectomy, post-operative radiotherapy, Vitamin C binding aptamer, oxidation, oxidative stress, antioxidation, broad ligament pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, laparotomy, ultrasonography, prostate cancer, statistics, epidemiology, mortality, risk factors and prevention, supercritical fluid, decellularization, perimenopause, teratoma, torsion, ovarian tumours, malignancy, ademolus classification of hypoglycemia, ademolus hypoglycemic index, hypoglycemia, continuous glucose monitoring, hemothorax, Video-assisted thoracoscopic Surgery. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical science.

  • Mathematics and Computer Science: Research Updates Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of mathematics and computer science. The contributions by the authors include green ICT, Web 2.0 technologies, social networking, social networking, social bookmarking, microblogging, Lorenz-Rössler model, optimal control, Pontryagin principle, Lorenz system, Pontryagin’s maximum principle, Euclidean domain, square-free integer, universal side divisor, monic polynomial, public transport system, p-space, social networks, clustering algorithms, regular lattice, random graph, protein-protein interaction networks, neural networks, logistic regression, intelligent email spam detection, receiver operating characteristic curve, cyber hygiene, cyber security, ransomware attack, intra-network attack, domain spoofing, browsing, search techniques, web mining, web content mining, web structure mining, usage mining, data visualization, mathematical modelling, railway rescheduling, integer programming, optimization problems. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of mathematics and computer science.

  • Insights into Economics and Management Vol. 13

    Researchers have a long-standing interest in understanding the causes and consequences of inequality. One approach to analyzing inequality is to compare average economic choices from a classical theoretical framework. Another approach considers the impact of the formation of society, through statutes and institutions, on average economic outcomes.

    James Curtis Jr uses applied econometrics, applied labor economics, applied theory and empirical data to provide results that we cannot reject the existence of a negatively bounded correlation between the duration of time from zero wage labor constraints and the magnitude of unexplained differences in wealth. Furthermore, James Curtis Jr promotes a concept of entrepreneurial education in economics.

  • Arefin’s Textbook Tables & Boxes of ENT, Edition 1

    This book contains only important tables and boxes of different renowned textbooks of the subject, i.e. Otolaryngology/ ENT in a sequential manner. This book is intended to be published for quick and comprehensive revision for postgraduate students, as well as for the examiners, to revise or memorize special classification, staging systems, important key points etc. Moreover, for clinicians, it is almost impossible to keep in mind every minute things of the subject. Keeping this book on his/ her table will definitely be helpful to recall or recapitulate in daily practicing life. In short, this book will be helpful for examiners, examinees, academicians and clinicians. Gradually books on all other subjects (specialties and sub-specialties), like Medicine, Surgery, Gynecology & Obstetrics, Cardiology, Gastrology, Nephrology, Endocrinology, Ophthalmology, Neurosurgery, Orthopedics, Pediatric surgery, etc. will be published in the same manner.

  • New Innovations in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of chemistry and biochemistry. The contributions by the authors include layered double hydroxides, palladium nanocomposites, betamethasone, MBTH and Meisenheimer sigma–complex, pharmaceutical formulations, Conceptual DFT, Chemical Reactivity, Molecular Electron Density theory, Local Chemical Reactivity Properties, Buchwald-Hartwig reaction, O,S,N-Heterocycles, Greener methodology, Bio-based solvent, mitochondria, KATP channel, diazoxide, glibenclamide, oxygen consumption, phosphorylation efficiency, physical endurance,  Ligand affinity chromatography, soluble receptor, binding protein, binding protein, chair conformation, antibacterial activity, color removal, dyes, textile effluent, azo dyes, wastewater treatment, green synthesis, malachite, rouaite, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and free radical scavenging activity, starch isolation, physico-chemical parameters, FT-IR and UV spectroscopic studies, SEM analysis, diuretic activity, bioisosteric approach, Thiolated chitosan, mucoadhesive, penetration enhancer, in-situ gel, nanoparticulate, ophthalmic drug delivery, chalcone, anti-fungal properties, anti-bacterial properties. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of chemistry and biochemistry.

  • Contemporary Research and Perspectives in Biological Science Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of biological science. The contributions by the authors include protein total nitrogen, nutritional values, human cognitive processes, human biological system, sensory perception, soliton generation, disease severity, accession, thyroid function, inflammatory biomarkers, c- reactive proteins, interleukin-1 beta, hepatoprotective activity, rifampin induced hepatotoxicity, oxidative stress, foliar epidermis, cell inclusions, three acid treatment method, reproductive phenology, flower anatomy, relative abundance, jute retting, actual cognitive health, Color Kanji Pick-out test, neuropsychological test, extraction ratio, maternal health services, antenatal care, lipid oxidation, Moringa oleifera, Spirulina platensis, bird management, metabolizable energy, dietary moringa leaf meal, feed conversion ratio, antibiotic, plasma very low-density lipoprotein, catalase, Scytalidium, thermophilic fungus, central channel. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of biological science.

  • Practical Manual for Herbal Drug Technology

    This book has been written strictly in accordance with the current syllabus prescribed by Pharmacy Council of India, for 6th Semester B.Pharm students.

    Keeping in view the requirements of students and teachers, written to cover all the experiments. It includes methods experiments related to Herbal Drug Technology like Phytochemical screening, Alcohol content of Asava and Arista, Aldehyde content, Phenol content, Alkaloid content, Monograph analysis of herbal drugs etc. This book comprises of various experiments, supported with relevant observation tables, formulas, calculations and illustrations for easy understanding. Experiments are given in an easy and systematic way. This book is written with special efforts to bring out a simple comprehensible content to cater the requirement of pharmacy students in laboratory.

    All efforts have been made to keep the text error-free. I have tried to present the subject in a student friendly and easy way.However any suggestions, constructive comments would be highly appreciated and that will be incorporated in the future edition.

  • Research Perspectives of Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of microbiology and biotechnology. The contributions by the authors include goat margarine, pathogenic bacteria, disc diffusion method, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, heptadecanoic acid, microbial sensitivity test, diarrheagenic pathogens, multiple drug resistant patterns, antimicrobial susceptibility, ameliorates \(\alpha\)11-antitrypsin deficiency phenotype, CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, protein aggregation, liver fibrosis, Qiagen RNeasy, hSERPINA1 gRNA, prostate cancer cells, RNA kinase, apoptotic signaling, biomarkers, apoptosis, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases, antisense oligonucleotides, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza, integrated nutrient management, agricultural biotechnology, lipid transfer proteins, programmed cell death, anti-microbial peptides, host-induced gene silencing, green synthesis, personalized medicine, bioactive nanoparticles, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, giant magneto-resistive, biosensing technologies, cell wall degrading enzymes, siderophore production, foliar blight management, microbial diversity, drought tolerance, moisture stress tolerant, deep-sea microbes, biodiversity conservation, biogeochemical cycles. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of microbiology and biotechnology.

  • Let's Get Acquainted: Neuroleptic Cardiomyopathy

    This book is the result of many years of observations at the dissecting table and at the microscope during the post-mortem examination of deceased mentally ill patients who received long-term antipsychotic therapy during their lifetime. Due to the fact that the applied psychotropic treatment was, as a rule, of the nature of polyprogmasia, it was not possible to identify a specific side effect of each of the numerous antipsychotic drugs used, both of the first and second generations. Therefore, a certain total negative side effect has been studied in relation to organs and tissues belonging to many systems of the body. This book analyzes data on heart damage – one of the most vulnerable target organs to the damaging effects of antipsychotics, which is due to the powerful cardiotoxic properties of almost all of these medications. The book not only presents the scientific side of the issue with a certain emphasis, taking into account the author's medical specialty, on morphology at the macro - and microscopic levels of research, but also pays great attention to the clinical aspects of the cardiac pathology being analyzed, which undoubtedly has serious practical significance. The extensive literature cited, covering a wide range of problems related to the topic of the book in one way or another, gives it even more weight and interest.

    The author hopes that this book will to some extent expand the horizons of medical workers and help staff who are faced with the use of antipsychotic drugs in their work to suspect heart damage as early as possible and begin appropriate therapeutic and preventive measures.

  • Mandibular Fractures, Edition 1

    This book contains a variety of studies on mandibular fractures carried out in Gabon, more precisely at the Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery of the University Hospital Center of Owendo. It offers readers a comprehensive guide to the diagnosis, identification of complications and manage them.

  • Current Topics on Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of mathematics and computer science. The contributions by the authors include dust diffusion, atmospheric diffusion equation, longitudinal diffusion, wind speed, unsteady state, mathematics of computing, mathematical analysis, numerical analysis, computations on matrices, bulk service, working vacation, infinitesimal matrix, direct truncation method, cayley Hamilton, complex variable theory, rotlet, stokeslet, stresslet, stokes flows, entropy, fuzzy entropy, codeword length, decipherable code, crisp set, holder’s inequality, cloud computing, cloudsim, CAT(0) space, nonexpansive multivalued mapping, strong convergence, one?step, iterative scheme, round function, multi-term fractional differential equations, Riemann-Liouville fractional integral, Caputo derivative, Adomian polynomials, vectors, matrices, vector differential operators, vector algebraic operators, matrix multiplication, coordinate transformation, autoregressive process, laplace distribution, moving average process, random coefficient models. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of mathematics and computer science.

  • Seed Production and Farming Techniques of Indian Spiny Loach Lepidocephalichthys thermalis (Valenciennes, 1846), Edition 1

    Globally, freshwater fish comprise approximately 13,000 species and 2513 genera, including both exclusive freshwater species and peripheral species. Freshwater habitats cover only about 1% of the earth's surface. The distribution of exclusive freshwater species varies across biogeographical regions, with 4,035 species in the Neotropical region, 2,938 in the Afrotropical region, 2,345 in the Oriental region, 1,844 in the Nearctic region and 261 species in the Australian region (Leveque et al., 2008). China hosts 1,651 freshwater fish species, of which 1,034 are endemic (He et al., 2020). Bangladesh has 265 recorded freshwater fish species. India is rich in flora and fauna and is one of the most biodiverse countries in the world. The country is also blessed with a freshwater fishery with 877 species with 450 small indigenous fish species (SIFS). India is one of the most dynamic countries in aquaculture, with special emphasis on carp fish farming, making it the second largest aquaculture producer. Despite, the abundance of freshwater fishery resources, India's aquaculture production mainly depends on carp species. Around 34 carp species are economically significant and are primarily produced through capture fisheries. However, less than 10 carp species are produced through both capture and culture fisheries. The Indian major carp (IMC) contributes 60% of total carp production. To further species diversification in aquaculture, there is a need to explore and develop culture and seed production techniques for additional freshwater fish species. The northeastern part of the country has the highest concentration of small indigenous fish species, followed by parts of the central Western Ghats. SIFS play an important role in food and livelihood as well as ornamental fish in aquaculture. Of these, L. thermalis, the common Indian spiny loach, has received increasing demand in the domestic market with prices of Rs. 1500-2000/- reported around the Tamil Nadu region. This species also has considerable potential in the international market for ornamental fish. The Indian loach is commonly found in clear, slow-flowing streams and adjacent stagnant waters, including rice paddies. The supply of wild-caught specimens of this species primarily meets local demand. However, increasing demand in local markets has led to uncontrolled fishing, resulting in heavy exploitation of small indigenous fishery resources in several regions. Unfortunately, little detailed data is available on the populations of loach species, including L. thermalis. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has classified the Indian spiny loach (Ayirai meen) as Least Concern (LC) meaning that it is not currently at significant risk of extinction. Nevertheless, the need for sustainable management practices is crucial to preserve these vital resources for future generations. Understanding the ecological and economic roles of species like the Indian spiny loach is essential for promoting biodiversity conservation and responsible aquaculture in India.

    The constantly growing world population is contributing to land and water scarcity in many regions of the world. Primarily, the majority of freshwater resources are used for agriculture and industry. However, it is important to recognize that the aquaculture sector is entirely dependent on these water resources, even though it is an emerging industry. Innovative alternatives need to be explored to ensure sustainable production and growth in all sectors. The expansion of the aquaculture sector has led to practices such as intensification of farming, diversification of species and exploitation of water resources. By applying advanced breeding and seed production techniques, we can increase the population of different species in their natural ecosystems. In addition, the development of seed production and cultivation techniques can encourage the breeding of these species, ultimately lowering market prices for consumers and allowing farmers to increase their yields. In this context, we have embarked on research focusing on the Indian spiny loach, scientifically known as the Indian spiny loach. Our eight years of dedicated efforts have culminated in successful breeding and farming techniques for this species. Drawing on our extensive field experience and knowledge, we developed book chapters that provide comprehensive information on the distribution, collection methods, farming practices, seed production, nutritional quality, and economic aspects of Indian spiny loach.

  • Current Approaches in Science and Technology Research Vol. 15

    This book covers key areas of science and technology research. The contributions by the authors include stochastic filtering, Bayesian filtering, adaptive filter, unscented transform, digital filters, nanotechnology, time reversal, sub wave length focusing, asymptotic behavior, parabolic problem, singularly perturbed, boundary layer, Navier-Stokes equations, Stokes paradox, Laminar viscous flow over rigid cylinder, Spherical and cylindrical flows, ergonomics, rare alkali metal, metal extraction, bionics, design science, green building, plant power generation, green power, radiation source, receptor plane of focus, TM joint, object distortion, slot technique, occlusal plane, camper plane, orthopantography, dentistry, evolution, phase knobs, conductivity, large-scaled construction, hydrocarbon fields, physical synergy and petro-migration, ordinary least squares, spatial autocorrelation, spatial econometric model, real transaction land prices, assessment uniformity, congestion control and avoidance, bandwidth estimation, round-trip time, retransmission timeout, similarity method, free-parameter method, separation of variables method, steady laminar flow, viscous incompressible electrically conducting fluid, method of stretching, flow problem. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of science and technology research.

  • Chemistry and Biochemistry: Research Progress Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of chemistry and biochemistry. The contributions by the authors include toxicity, bioadsorbents, Levafix blue CA, decolorization capacity, piper diagram, industrialization, water quality index, purification, thermodynamic functions, activity coefficients, POPSO, thermodynamic equilibrium constant, piperazine, debye-hückel constants, n-(2-acetamido)-iminodiacetic acid monosodium, electromotive-force, glycine, dissociation constant, pro-oxidant and antioxidant properties, ascorbic acid, Musca domestica larvae, gustatory assay, xanthate esters, tosylmethyl isocyanide, alkylation of amines, carbamothioates, metal ferrocyanides, metal hexacyanoferrate (II) complexes, skin infection,  natural antifungals, Allium sativum cloves, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, phenolic compound, anti-TB drug candidate, pyridinium salts, minimum inhibitory concentration, in vitro assessments for antimicrobial activity, minimal bactericidal concentration, low-oxygen recovery assay, Caco-2 permeability assay, HepG2 cytotoxicity, photocatalytic carbon chain, oxygenated linear organic chains, titanium ligand exchange. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of chemistry and biochemistry.

  • Current Topics on Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of mathematics and computer science. The contributions by the authors include duration of illness, Length of stay, Mardia test, mental disorder, multivariate normal distribution, Psychiatric rating scale, multivariate modelling, human face recognition, fourth - order Biharmonic equation, finite difference, cognitive behaviour therapy, mini mental status examination, simulation, zero one truncated binomial distribution, history of mathematics, education of mathematics, edge detection, flatfoot, medical image processing, GS lattice, soft valuation, soft pseudo metric lattice, soft metric lattice, soft topological lattice, neighborhood prime labeling, star graph, flower graph, comb graph, duplication, fusion, vertex switching, comparative fit index, eysenck personality questionnaire, parental mental health, root mean square error, structural equation models, mean graphs, line graphs, bimean graphs, conceptual design, management system architecture, real-time systems, system design methodology, ontological knowledge bases, Quasi-differential expressions, product operators, regular and singular end-points, singular differential operators, deficiency indices, direct sum spaces. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of mathematics and computer science.

  • Science and Technology: Developments and Applications Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of science and technology. The contributions by the authors include consumer price index, econometric models, minimum forecast residuals, policy decision making, autoregressive model, generalized autoregressive conditionally heteroscedastic model, naive bayes, enhanced random forest algorithms, spam detection, online social networks, enhanced random forest classifier, word lemmatization, chitosan-PVA film, bio-material energy harvester, triboelectric nanogenerators, short-circuit current, sustainable pollution management, nanomaterials, air remediation, environmental pollution, water pollution remediations, clay-based nanocomposites, photocatalysis, time domain, reliability evaluation method, Monte Carlo simulation, performance-based seismic design, response surface method, response surface method, central composite design, bio-based insulation material, rice waste, thermal conductivity, E-government services, digital transformation, federated learning, deep learning, decentralized framework, deep neural networks, convolutional neural networks, inventory management. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of science and technology.

  • Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of pharmaceutical research. The contributions by the authors include dexmedetomidine, magnesium sulphate, bupivacaine, anti-asthmatic drugs, cost variation, Siddha system, nano-technology, nano-medicine and single medicine multiple application, medicinal plants, DPPH assay, block co-polymers, lyophillisation, solid dispersion, bioavailability, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatic steatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, hepatic fibrosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, antioxidants, PUFA, hypolipidemic drugs, insulin resistance, insulin sensitizers, postpartum stress, interpartum events, anemia, drug utilization, pregnancy, WHO core drug prescribing indicators, motivational factors, hypertension, pre-diabetes, fasting blood sugar, glycosylated haemoglobin, comorbidities, metabolic syndrome, adiponectin, ACE inhibitors, antibacterial activity, single electron transfer reduction, indole-derivatives, microdilution technique, liposomes, artificial vesicles, hydration, multiple lipid bilayer, chemical modifiers, radioprotective agents, radiation biology, therapeutic ratio, radiotherapy, swallowing, antimicrobial agents, aminoglycosides, acid-base indictor, alkalinity. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of pharmaceutical research.

  • Current Research Progress in Physical Science Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of physical science. The contributions by the authors include graded spectrum, graded ring, Zariski topology, Landau’ solution, magnetic flux, quantum hall effect, constant of motion, quantum non-relativistic motion, neutron lifetime puzzle, inverse quantum Zeno effect, neutron decay, neutrinophilic forces, Raman spectroscopy measurement, Raman tensors, PrBa2Cu3O\(_{7^{-\delta}}\), Raman mode's behavior, Cu-O chain site, Z-scan, Fluorescence, powder X-ray diffraction, Zinc-Tetraphenyl Porphyrin Thin Film, Nonlinear optical (NLO) active molecules, neutrino oscillation, quantum field theory, standard model of particle physics, Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata matrix, CP-violation, quantum dots, quantum confinement effects, electronic behaviors, quantum mechanics problems, integer theory, principle of commensurability, Bohr quantization hypothesis, unitary relativistic quantum framework, Maxwell equation, graviton spin, heat transfer, supercritical bubble boiling, cancer cell removal, hydrocarbon mixtures. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of physical science.

  • Selected Topics in Humanities and Social Sciences Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of humanities and social sciences. The contributions by the authors include temporal transpective, ambivalency, anxiety, optimism, pessimism, self-evaluation, motivation, poverty alleviation, microfinance, women entrepreneurship, socioeconomic structure, constructivism, blended learning, integration of ICT, teaching-learning process, rehabilitation, critical realism, social constructionism, social constructivism, philosophy, research, methodology, socio economic lives, microfinance, poverty reduction, human capital, social capital, beneficiaries, We media, public awareness, child health, community intervention, breastfeeding, generativity, and indigenous populations, scientific materialism, genetics, reincarnation, mathematical investigation, mathematical reasoning, prospective elementary teachers, Tibetan Buddhist painting, arts and crafts,  mural paintings. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of humanities and social sciences.

  • Reel Stories, Real Change: Menstrual Health Education, Edition 1

    Menstrual health and hygiene is a topic that has long been enveloped in silence, misunderstanding, and stigma. Across cultures and communities, discussions surrounding menstruation are often shrouded in taboo, limiting access to accurate information and perpetuating harmful myths. For adolescent girls, who stand at a critical juncture in their physical and emotional development, this lack of knowledge can lead to confusion, shame, and poor hygiene practices. In a world striving for gender equality and inclusive health education, it is vital to address these gaps with urgency and empathy.

    Reel Stories, Real Change: Menstrual Health Education is a testament to the power of storytelling as a vehicle for education and social change. Through the lens of short films, this book explores an innovative approach to addressing menstrual health awareness among adolescent girls in Vadodara, India. The study documented within these pages evaluates the effectiveness of using short films to impart knowledge and inspire healthier practices among young girls attending government schools. By focusing on this specific demographic, the research brings to light the pressing need for targeted interventions in communities where resources and education about menstruation remain scarce.

    The idea of using short films as an educational tool is both practical and forward-thinking. In the digital age, where visual media dominates the ways we consume information, short films emerge as a powerful medium to engage audiences. Their ability to combine emotional storytelling with impactful visuals makes them particularly effective in addressing sensitive topics like menstruation. The short films utilized in this study were not only designed to inform but also to challenge deeply ingrained taboos and cultural practices that hinder young girls from managing their menstrual health with confidence and dignity.

    The research presented in this book is anchored in the lived experiences of 110 adolescent girls, aged 10 to 15, who participated in the study during the 2022-2023 academic year. The study’s design reflects a thoughtful approach to understanding the realities faced by these girls. Through pre-and post-test questionnaires, the research team captured shifts in knowledge, attitudes, and practices, providing compelling evidence of the transformative potential of short films in health education. For instance, prior to watching the films, nearly half of the participants had limited knowledge of menstruation, and much of this knowledge came from informal or unreliable sources. After viewing the films, more than 50% reported a significant increase in understanding, particularly about menstrual hygiene practices.

    One of the most striking findings of the study is the participants' response to the films. The girls found the content engaging, relatable, and easy to understand. This underscores the importance of using creative and contextually relevant methods to convey critical information. The study also revealed a willingness among the participants to adopt healthier practices, such as exercising to alleviate menstrual pain and consulting health workers when necessary. These behavioral shifts highlight the potential for audiovisual media to bridge gaps in knowledge and inspire action.

    However, this work is not just about the impact of short films. It is also a reflection on the broader systemic challenges that hinder progress in menstrual health education. In many parts of India, and indeed around the world, menstruation is still viewed as a topic unworthy of open discussion. This silence creates a vacuum where misinformation thrives. The research documented in this book serves as a clarion call for breaking this silence and normalizing conversations about menstruation, both in schools and within families.

    Another critical aspect of this study is its focus on government schools in Vadodara. These schools represent a microcosm of the challenges faced by underprivileged communities in accessing health education. Limited resources, coupled with societal stigma, often leave adolescent girls unprepared to manage their menstrual health effectively. By targeting this population, the study not only addresses a critical need but also demonstrates the scalability of short films as an educational tool in similar settings across India and beyond.

    The findings of this research are particularly relevant for policymakers, educators, and advocates working in the fields of public health and gender equality. The evidence presented here can inform strategies to integrate audiovisual media into school curricula, community outreach programs, and awareness campaigns. Moreover, the study highlights the importance of culturally sensitive content that resonates with the target audience. By incorporating local languages, relatable characters, and context-specific scenarios, the short films used in this study succeeded in creating a meaningful connection with the viewers.

    As authors, we have been deeply moved by the stories and insights that emerged from this research. The resilience of the adolescent girls who participated in the study is both inspiring and humbling. Despite facing numerous challenges, these young minds demonstrated a remarkable capacity for learning and change. Their willingness to engage with the content and embrace healthier practices gives us hope for a future where menstrual health is no longer a neglected issue but a cornerstone of public health initiatives.

    Reel Stories, Real Change: Menstrual Health Education is more than a documentation of research; it is a celebration of the potential for creativity and innovation to drive social change. It serves as a reminder that even in the face of deeply entrenched stigmas, change is possible when we combine empathy with effective communication strategies. Short films, as demonstrated in this study, offer a versatile and impactful medium for addressing complex social issues. Their ability to simplify information, evoke emotions, and spark conversations makes them a valuable tool for educators and advocates alike.

    As you read through the chapters of this book, we invite you to reflect on the transformative power of education and storytelling. Whether you are a policymaker seeking effective interventions, an educator looking for innovative teaching methods, or a student of social change, we hope this work inspires you to think creatively about the challenges we face as a society. Menstrual health may be the focus of this study, but the lessons learned here extend far beyond. They speak to the universal need for inclusive, accessible, and engaging approaches to education and advocacy.

    In closing, we extend our heartfelt gratitude to the participants, educators, and stakeholders who made this study possible. Their contributions have not only enriched this research but also paved the way for future initiatives aimed at improving menstrual health education. We also hope that this book serves as a resource and a source of inspiration for those committed to creating a more equitable and informed world.

  • Application of Quantum Mechanical Calculations and Symmetry in Chemistry; Vibration Frequencies, Corrosion Inhibition and Prodrugs

    This book dealt with application of Quantum Mechanical Calculations and Symmetry in Chemistry; Vibration Frequencies, Corrosion Inhibition and Prodrugs. The contributions by the authors include character table of D7h molecule, geometry, electronic properties, modes of vibration frequencies of Mono, Di, Tri, and Tetra rings layer of Zigzag SWCNT. Corrosion inhibition efficiency (% IE), for the surface of carbon steel in salty and acidic media by different concentrations of new organic compounds as corrosion inhibitors was studied using potentiometric polarization measurements. The results were predicted in advance through theoretical calculations using the semiempirical quantum mechanical approximate calculations of the PM3 theory and the basic calculations of the theory of density functions DFT at the computation level (B3LYP) 6-311++G (2d,2p) by the Gaussian-09 program. The book also includes unrestricted (UDFT) and (UPM3) quantum mechanical calculations for studying the reaction path of bonds rupture energies of (O-R) and (C-OAr) in diclofenac derivatives of different substituted organic groups as prodrug carriers. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians.

  • New Advances in Business, Management and Economics Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of business, management and economics. The contributions by the authors include India's digital revolution, labor law transformation, algorithmic accountability, social security schemes, multi-apping, platform economy, gender biases, high-level recruitment, NLP-driven approach, natural language processing, homosocial role theory, medical communication, healthcare insurance, digital health, patient education, health literacy, career advancement barriers, female corporate leadership development, homosocial reproduction theory, causal attribution theory, farm broadcast programmes, rural agriculture, enterprise-wise categorization, organization-wise categorization, content analysis,  restaurant tipping, economic efficiency, deadweight loss, minority businesses, risk behavior, minority-owned business enterprises, market climate, urban development, entrepreneurial risk assessment scale, principal component analysis, entrepreneurial risk orientation, online marketing, customer satisfaction, social media marketing, rural weekly market, organic bhaji, organic production. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of business, management and economics.

  • Current Aspects in Pharmaceutical Research and Development Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of Pharmaceutical Research and Development. The contributions by the authors include spectrophotometric method, ion-pair complex, hydrocortisone, Tretenoin, stability indicating RP-HPLC, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Antiretroviral Therapy, Combined Antiretroviral Therapy, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, phytochemical constituents, pharmacological studies, COVID-19, obesity, inflammation, oxidative stress, immune response, genetic disorders, ayurvedic concepts, pharmacy education, Pseudocholinesterase enzyme, diazinon poisoning, alcoholism, therapeutic index, prognostic value, castrative agent, epigallocatechin, sperm motility, labeo rohita fingerlings, histopathology, gill and liver, heavy metal stress, Anti-cardiovascular, antioxidant, baby, functional food, nano polyphenol, pharmaceuticals, callus and cell suspension cultures, culture medium. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Pharmaceutical Research and Development.

  • Engineering Research: Perspectives on Recent Advances Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of engineering research. The contributions by the authors include amorphous silicon solar cells, device simulation, CdTe cells, voltage, Schottky barrier, seismic performance, irregular building frame, floating column, shear wall, stepped spillways, energy dissipation, air entrainment, roller-compacted concrete, supplementary cementitious materials, self-compacting concrete, green building, calcite and fly ash, phonocardiogram, continuous wavelet transform, wavelet transform-based time-frequency algorithm, internal combustion engine, thermoelectric generator, exhaust heat utilization, organic Rankine cycles, absorption heat transformers, flywheel stability, finite element analysis, computer-aided design, kinetic energy storage systems, electric vehicles, creep behavior, stress-strain isochronous curves, geological reconnaissance, time-dependent behavior. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of engineering research.

  • Recent Trends in Chemical and Material Sciences Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of chemical and material science research. The contributions by the authors include sputtering, Al doped ZnO, Electrodeposition, Cu2O, Heterojunction solar cell, duplex stainless steel, stress corrosion cracking, electrochemical corrosion, chocolate extrusion, screw extruder design, co-rotate twin screw extrusion, software system, information element, individuality of solution, coherence of information elements, cognitive-context environment, mathematical model, dynamic stability, light sport aircraft, perturbed dynamic system, trim condition, graphene oxide, go thin films, contact angle, adhesion force, surface roughness, electrical resistivity, nanotechnology, chloropyrifos, congored, spectrophotometer, fiberglass reinforced polymer composite material, fiber boat, technological innovation, equation of state, nanomaterials, volume thermal expansion, spark-plasma sintering, powder materials, microhardness, single-excited molecular orbital, density functional theory, electron-hole interaction, failure capacity, fracture toughness, fracture process zone, bridging effect, modal fabric, formic acid, absorbency, colour fastness. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of chemical and material sciences.

  • Science and Technology: Developments and Applications Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of science and technology. The contributions by the authors include renewable energy technologies, behavioral intention, theory of reasoned action, technology acceptance model, adoption, innovation and diffusion theory, solar photovoltaic system, power source, household income, management competencies, sustainable architectural practices, relative importance index, radiation protection, stereotactic radiosurgery, isocenter phantom measurements, automatic positioning system, alderson-rando phantom, peripheral dose, thermoluminescence dosimeter, stereotactic radiosurgery, tripartite mechanism, emotive memory, engram cells, neural memory, emotive neural intelligence, Atkinson-Shiffrin mathematical approach, quantum mechanics, tripartite mechanism, global neuronal workspace, dentistry, intraoral scanners, confocal laser microscopy, digital dentistry, digital impression, miniaturization, passive triangulation, stereophotogrammetry, active triangulation, accordion fringe interferometry, confocal laser scanning microscopy, active wavefront sampling, optical coherence tomography, cad/cam integration, sirona cerec omnicam, mobile ad-hoc networks, ad-hoc on-demand distance vector, acknowledgement packet, simulation parameters, traffic parameters, variable parameters, machine learning, retinal imaging, fundus photography, optical coherence tomography retina, standards for reporting of diagnostic accuracy, corrected distance visual acuity, interobserver agreement. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of science and technology.

  • MBBS – Pharmacology Practical Book

    In both the institutional & individual health care delivery, the two important tasks of a physician are, first, the diagnosis and next, the treatment. The treatment can be any of the following three choices, non-pharmacological, pharmacological (medical) and surgical. The medical treatment involves mainly prescription of drugs. Without a sound knowledge of drugs, a physician cannot rationally prescribe drugs. Moreover, the physician has to choose the drugs from among the innumerable drugs available in the market.

    The learning of pharmacology involves, development of knowledge and skill leading to an attitudinal change in a medical student that leads to delivering rational medical care to the patients. The exercises designed in practical pharmacology in the new CBME curriculum aim to develop the skills in selecting and using the different drug formulations in the right dosage, and in right combination for the right patient through rational prescriptions. The exercises also train the students how to administer drugs, effectively communicate to the patient and public regarding drug use and contribute to the pharmacovigilance program of India.

    There are 28 pharmacology practical exercises categorized under Clinical pharmacy (CP), Clinical pharmacology (CPH), Experimental pharmacology (EPH) and Communication (C) to acquire the 21 competencies defined in the CBME syllabus. Among these competencies the students have to get certified in acquiring 4 competencies in clinical pharmacology. These competencies include acquiring skills to write a rational prescription, critically evaluate a written prescription as well as the drug promotional literature and contribute to pharmacovigilance program.      

    Taking into consideration the above requirements necessary exercises for identification and evaluation of the drug formulations, drug administration through different routes using mannequins, calculation of drug dosage in different age groups and selected disease states, clinical problem-solving exercises, prescription writing, prescription audit, pharmacoeconomic and pharmacovigilance exercises have been introduced.

    We wish the readers a happy and useful learning.

  • Current Research Progress in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of agricultural sciences. The contributions by the authors include climate change, Markov chain approach, machine learning, cropping pattern, land use pattern, transitional probability matrix, organic farming, climate resilience, sustainable agriculture. weed control, fertility management, pest and disease management, polyculture and agroforestry, agroecology, wildlife habitat, organic animal farming, livestock management, genetically modified organisms, animal welfare, efficient irrigation, swales and contour plowing, rainwater harvesting, open-pollinated and heirloom varieties, seed bank participation, carbon sequestration, organic certification, enhanced soil biodiversity, carbon sequestration, price volatility, rural revitalization, food sovereignty, weed control issues, pest resistance, certification complexity, carbon footprint, precision agriculture, agroecology, plant leaf extracts, global postharvest, small-scale farmers, agricultural pesticides, seed quality, maturation, germination, fruit position, anthesis, agrochemicals, insecticides, Garrett's ranking technique, Pearson chi-square test, agri-input dealers, aflatoxin management, integrated pest management, best agronomic practices, integrated pest management, soil amendments, path coefficient analysis, F4 generation, antioxidant enzyme activities, drought stress, gene expression, antifungal effect, postharvest decay, saponins haemolysis test, anthraquinones Bontrager’s test, organic liquid fertilizer, vegetable waste, soil properties. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of agricultural sciences.

  • Advanced Aspects of Engineering Research Vol. 16

    This book covers key areas of engineering research. The contributions by the authors include  Faraday rotation, optical activity, excitons, exchange interaction, induced gyrotropy, elliptical birefringence, torsional moment, isotropic point, solidification, binary alloy, dual-phase region, macro segregation, convection, heat-mass transfer, modeling, the columnar-to-equiaxed transition, Space Vector PWM, SPWM, three-level inverter, diode clamped inverter, capacitor balance, total harmonic distortion, rice plant disease, machine learning, solid state drives, NAND Flash, Security, ATA Security, data hiding, cryptography, steganography, image processing, crimping, hydraulic jack, hose crimping, physical properties, mechanical properties, merit factor, autocorrelation level, polyphase sequence, cyclic algorithmic, dynamic matrices, spam detection, latent semantic analysis, evanescent wave, optical fiber, agricultural product, agricultural sector, forecasting, mobile application, plasticity, workspace influence, ASE noise power, optical fiber communications, single pumping, wavelength optical multiplexer, oscillators, clocks, global navigation satellite system, satellite based augmentation systems. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of engineering research.

  • Formulation of Cantigi (Vaccinium varingiaefolium Blume Miq.) Leaf Extract-Loaded Gelatin Nanoparticles as Anti-Breast Cancer In vitro, Edition 1

    This book is my beginning research to introduce the Cantigi plant (Vaccinium varingiaefolium Blume Miq). The plants grow well surrounding the crater of Mount Tangkuban Parahu, Bandung, Indonesia, and make it beautiful. This plant is in the same genus Vaccinium as the famous, researched, and traded Bilberry plant. On this occasion, I explored the in vitro potential of Cantigi leaf extract as anti-breast cancer using BSLT, T47D cells, and MCF7. Tests were also carried out on normal Vero cells to see whether the effect of the extract was safe on normal cells. Cantigi leaf extract was then analyzed using GC-MS and LC-MS/MS methods to reveal the content of volatile and nonvolatile compounds, in addition to the screening method. In this research, efforts to increase cytotoxic activity and extract stability are using gelatin nanoparticle technology. Then, experiments were designed and conducted with three variables, and one of the gelatin nanoparticle compositions provided the most potent activity against a cancer cell line. The nanoparticles were then characterized, including their release profile at the pH of body fluids. This book still has room for suggestions and development to improve. Finally, I hope this book can contribute to the research of Cantigi as one of the natural medicine sources.

  • Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 18

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical science. The contributions by the authors include foetal organ development, precursor cells, stem cells, regenerative medicine, reparative surgery, surgical experimental models, heart repair, oesophagus defect reconstruction, diabetes treatment, tuberculosis, antitubercular therapy, brain metastases, radiotherapy, knowledge-based planning, stereotactic, radiosurgery, thalassemia, child health, dentin hypersensitivity, hydrodynamic theory, odontoblasts, congenital anomalies, cholelithiasis, cholecystectomy, gallstones, laparoscopy, ultrasonography, maternal mortality, maternal death review, direct obstetric causes, Eustachian tube, tympanoplasty, Toynbee test, pathogenetic factors, contraceptive menstrual blood pollution, contraception reversal, fragmented germ cells, germ cell`s replant, reduced endogenous estrogen, rising environmental estrogen, two subsets of people- with and without contraception, mycobacteria, Lichtenberg figure, diagonistic diligence, titanate coupling agent, silane coupling agent, aqueous oral environment, hydrolytic degradation, dental composite, pneumothorax, pulmonology, thoracic surgery,  lymphangioleiomyomatosis, pulmonary emphysema, diabetic nephropathy, fistula, morbidity, abdominopelvic mass, mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, malignant ovarian tumour,  music therapy, preoperative anxiety, accessory left vertebral artery, duplicate origin of the left vertebral artery, vertebral artery variation, head and neck vascular variations, juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma, vascular tumor. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical science.

  • Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 12

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical science. The contributions by the authors include midazolam, dental fear and anxiety, behavior management, Frankl’s behavior rating, benzodiazepines, nitrous oxide-oxygen sedation, propeller flaps, leg and foot defects, reconstructive surgery, flap harvesting, numerical pain rating scale, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, low back ache, SOAP (Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan) strategy, loss of shoulder movement, systemic lupus erythematosus, fibrinous pericardial effusion, lupus nephritis, chronic autoimmune disorder, Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) scar, acute and chronic respiratory disorders, acute respiratory failure, tuberculosis, bronchitis, tinnitus, cellular light emission, self-healing mechanism, subtle energy system, energy alignment program, adult–onset type 1 diabetes mellitus, insulin, continuous glucose monitoring, diabetic ketoacidosis, external ventricular drain, neurosurgery, kocher’s point, intraventricular hemorrhage, midpupillary point, Pityriasis rosea, atypical herald patch, erythematous plaques, peripheral collarette. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of medicine and medical science.

  • Metrological Research of Methods and Means of EEG Analysis in Science and Medicine

    This book dealt with the Informativeness of Coherence Analysis in EEG Studies. The contributions by the authors include coherence, spectral analysis, EEG non-stationarity, amplitude modulation, EEG Amplitude, Amplitude Spectrum, Power Spectrum, Period-Amplitude Analysis, Filtration, Metrology, indirect spectral indicators, Discriminant classification; Electroencephalography; Envelope correlation; Schizophrenia; Schizotypal disorder, reference electrode, infinitely remote reference electrode, neutral reference electrode. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians.

  • Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 11

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical science. The contributions by the authors include migraine, pain management, ketogenic diet, dietary intervention, medial plantar artery flap, neuropathic foot, split-thickness, weight-bearing, sole defects, distally based flap, lateral plantar artery, peptic ulcer disease, Behcet disease., ulcer protectives, colloidal bismuth, anti-helicobacter drugs, signal transduction mechanisms, MAPK pathways, cancer biology, cytokine signaling, cancer progression, wnt/\(\beta\)-catenin pathway, signal dysregulation, monoclonal antibodies, polarity analysis, Boenning Hausens therapeutic pocketbook, Conners Global Index, therapeutic laparoscopy, chronic abdominal pain, chronic appendicular pathology, patient safety, nursing documentation, disclosure, ethics, electronic health record, oligodontia, facial phenotypes, Dubowitz syndrome, ectodermal anhidrotic syndrome, Bloom syndrome, end-stage dementia, alzheimer’s disease, mini suffering state examination, relief of suffering units, antiepileptic drugs, gamma-aminobutyric acid, epilepsy, quinazolin-4(3h)-one derivatives, cervical schwannoma, upper tracheal stenosis, thyroid cartilage, candidemia, utero-cutaneous fistula, candidal vulvovaginitis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, bilateral radicular cyst, succedaneous teeth, chronically inflamed granulation tissue, root-end cyst, immune thrombocytopenia, autoimmune disease, platelet transfusion intrapartum, ectopic pregnancy, lumbar discectomy, postoperative pain, peroperative levobupivacaine infiltration, analgesia. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of medicine and medical science.

  • Uncover Ginseng

    World is moving quite fast and new discoveries and developments are taking place year by year. 21st Century is high technology embedded century where new technologies transformed the life style of mankind and causes paradigm shift. Digitalization and online databases simplified the human life drastically, but each technology has its own pros and cons. Now a days a lot of time is spent by humans on internet. This results in variety of health issues viz; low back pain, ocular diseases, aging, obesity and others. Moreover, in 2019, Corona Virus Infectious Disease pandemic (COVID-19) created horrible situation all over the world and still the developing countries are facing challenges by second and third wave of this highly contagious viral strain. COVID-19 is the latest biggest threat and eye opener for mankind. In this pandemic, now people realize the health benefits of natural products/traditional medicines and each individual is enquiring about these products to cope up, recover and save themselves. The ginseng as natural product/traditional medicine possesses multifunctional properties viz; immuno-booster, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, anti-oxidative and can play major role in variety of disorders/illnesses. Therefore, the present book gives insight to researchers/post graduate students/undergraduate students/academicians on multifunctional properties of ginseng with schematic depiction of diagrams, which can act as trigger for future research. Although this is a precise book and is not very descriptive, so readers must keep this point in mind.

  • Mathematics and Computer Science: Research Updates Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of mathematics and computer science. The contributions by the authors include strict fuzzy exponential distributions, strict fuzzy triangular, trigonometric exponential, truncated distributions, cumulative strict fuzzy probability distribution, moment generating function, intuitionistic fuzzy maximal ideals, normal intuitionistic fuzzy ideals, gamma near-rings, continuous-time random walks, boundary crossing problem, convergence, genetic algorithm-based grading, intrusion detection systems, grading ensemble, meta classifier, RIDOR, AdaBoost, proposed grading, random forest meta classifier, fractional gamma distribution, fractional Brownian motion, phytoplankton density, oxygen concentration, Poisson gamma model, rainfall modeling, plankton-oxygen dynamics, nearly orthogonal latin hypercube designs, polynomial model, space-filling designs, two-call traffic distribution models, computer networks, quality of service, transition probability matrix, internet service providers. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of mathematics and computer science.

  • Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 13

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical science. The contributions by the authors include non-linear analysis, prostate lesions, biomagnetic activity, malignant tissues, total knee replacement, metastatic hidradenocarcinoma, chemotherapy, capecitabine, disease control, abnormal bleeding, biopsy, diagnosis, hysterectomy, sonography, MERI score, tympanoplasty outcome, cortical mastoidectomy, graft uptake, epidemiology, COVID-19 pandemic, mortality, fatality, brachial artery, brachial artery variations, profunda brachii artery, radial artery, ulnar artery, portal hypertension, cirrhosis, intrahepatic vascular resistance, hyperdynamic circulatory state, splanchnic vasodilatation, portal blood flow, non-selective betablockers, alternate rennin angiotensin system, radiology, nasopharynx, pyogenic granuloma, nasal bleeding, microvascular decompression, trigeminal neuralgia, facial pain, Facial hyposthesia, menstrual cycle disorder, polycystic ovary syndrome, premenstrual syndrome, Women's health issues, lateral condyle humerus fracture, preeclampsia, advanced glycation endproduct, diet restriction, glycated hemoglobin, glycoxidation, lipoxidation, diabetes mellitus, HIV prevention, male circumcision, sexual behaviour, blood transfusion, HIV infection, blood donation. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical science.

  • Examining the Causes and Economic Impact of Rural-Urban Migration, Edition 1

    Rural-urban migration is a significant demographic phenomenon characterized by the movement of individuals from rural areas to urban centers. This trend has historically been influenced by various socio-economic factors, aiming for improved living standards, better job opportunities, enhanced educational prospects, and access to essential services that are often scarce in rural settings. As urban populations grow, the implications of such migration become more pronounced, affecting both the areas migrants leave and those they move to.

    Rural-urban migration is a multifaceted process that carries significant implications for both sending and receiving communities. Policymakers must address the underlying push factors in rural areas while simultaneously developing strategies to manage the influx to urban centers, ensuring sustainable development that benefits both migrants and the communities they inhabit. Addressing the challenges presented by rural-urban migration will require an integrated approach that not only improves rural livelihoods but also enhances urban resilience to manage the impacts of increasing population densities.

  • Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 11

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical science. The contributions by the authors include optoacoustic emission, diabetic retinopathy, psychosocial impact, macular amyloidosis, hyperpigmentation, selective photothermolysis, mucormycosis, sinusitis, endoscopy, gestational diabetes mellitus, hypoglycaemia, ademolus classification of hypoglycemia, COVID 19, continuous glucose monitoring, fetal hypoglycemia, maternal hypoglycaemia, quality health care, health care indicators, hyperthyroidism, resistant hyperthyroidism, thyrotoxicosis, graves’ disease antithyroid medication, cholestyramine, custodial death, autopsy, blood protozoa, inflammation, fever, myalgia, arthralgia, endemic, imported malaria, splenic artery, pancreatic artery, blood transfusion, transfusion reactions, component therapy, Rosai-Dorfman disease, sinus histiocytosis, massive lymphadenopathy, fine needle aspiration biopsy, Video-assisted thoracic surgery, minimally invasive open chest, fast-track management, thoracic surgery, Open-chest surgery, reciprocal expression, microarray dataset, NSCLC progression, clinicopathological assay, capsular support, retropupillary, hypochondriasis, Illness Anxiety Disorder, somatic symptoms disorder, Guillain-barre syndrome, axonopathy, demyelinating polyneuropathy, unilateral facial nerve palsy, blink reflexes, stroke, diabetes, epidemiology of disease, infectious diseases. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical science.

  • Surviving Sundarbans: Tragedy and Hope, Edition 1

    The Mangroves of Tropical regions of the World have been worriedly surpassing through a gradual change in climatic behavior and people are unprepared for these unprecedented abnormalities in their natural environment. Scientists are intensively trying day and night to trace and mitigate these anomalies of natural hazards and disaster uncertainties. Above all, the changing behavior of the mangrove regions of the deltaic and coastal environment of the tropical world in accordance with climate change has forced academicians to review and reassess the traditional hypotheses and theories which tell us the visible and non-visible sides of the natural phenomena. Some Geographers, Agriculturists and Environmentalists from different organizations, particularly from India in this context, have devotedly come forward to search for the causes and consequences of the changing behavior of the natural phenomena to solve the climate change-induced issues and to fulfil the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We, the editors, thank all of them from the core of our hearts.

  • Cerebral Ischemia Reperfusion Injury

    Innate immunity is the first-line host defense mechanism that operates to protect animals (vertebrates and invertebrates) from infectious microorganisms. As such, it plays a critical role in containing most inflammatory processes. In addition, molecules induced during the innate immune response, including cytokines and co stimulatory molecules, play a critical role in the induction of the adaptive immune response in mammals. Mammalian toll-like receptors (TLRs) are members of the pattern-recognition receptor family and play a central role in the initiation of innate cellular immune responses and the subsequent adaptive immune responses. Toll-like receptors inflammatory pathways may be related to number of diseases such as clinical depression, gastrointestinal tract inflammatory diseases and cardiovascular disorders. This book has been written with the basic concept of toll-like receptors and their potential signaling pathways in inflammatory diseases. Toll-like receptors owe their names to a famous Drosophila gene, Toll. It was used in the early 1980s by C. Nu¨sslein-Volhard to qualify the phenotype of a new mutant discovered in her pioneering mutagenesis screen to dissect the genetic pathways controlling embryonic development in the fruit fly Drosophilamelanogaster. Toll-like receptors are protective immune sentries that sense pathogen-associated molecular patterns such as unmethylated double-stranded DNA, single-stranded RNA, lipoproteins, lipopolysaccharide, and flagellin. In innate immune myeloid cells, TLRs induce the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, thereby engaging lymphocytes to mount an adaptive, antigen-specific immune response. Individual TLRs differentially recruit members of a set of Toll/interleukin 1 receptor (TIR) domain-containing adaptors such as Myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88),TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-\(\beta\) (TRIF),TIR-containing adaptor protein (Tirap), also named MyD88 adaptor-like protein (TIRAP/MAL), or TRAM. My D88 is utilized by all TLR sand activates nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) NF- kB (and Mitogen-activated protein kinase) MAPKs (for the induction of inflammatory cytokine genes. Toll  receptors play detrimental role in cardiovascular disease like ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), atherosclerosis, Diabetic nephropathy, Gastrointestinal (GIT) disorders like Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), Brain diseases like (Neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease), and Cancer.

  • Contemporary Research and Perspectives in Biological Science Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of biological science. The contributions by the authors include antigen-antibody interactions, virus inactivation, virus aggregation, sensitive antigen tests,  over-neutralization, allelic diversity, major histocompatibility complex, neuroendocrine regulation, estrous cycle, coitus-induced ovulators, whole cottonseed, grass hay, nutraceutical benefits, lignan content, health promotion, functional food, sesame oil, sesame lignans, speciated compounds, x-ray fluorescence, phytochemical screening, antifungal potential, antimicrobial potential, Poison plate methods, well diffusion methods, black soldier fly, bioconversion, conversion of organic refuse by saprophage, organic waste management, irrigation intervals, watering intervals, clemson spineless variety, fisher’s least significant difference, testosterone retention mechanism, male fertility, spermatogenesis, male fertility regulation. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of biological science.

  • Insights into Economics and Management Vol. 12

    This book covers key areas of economics and management. The contributions by the authors include distributive justice, Zipf law, pareto law, maximum entropy, social networks, power struggle, ethnicity, violence conflict, peace-building, political power, Anglo-Egyptian regimes, eco-tourism, business federation, South Africa, poverty, economic growth, complexity/turbulence, household income, broad view of production, household life stages, overburdened women, consumer psychology, cutting-edge technology, microfinance, micro-enterprise, micro-entrepreneur, sale revenue, net profit, economic power, management & control, electrical circuits concepts, cash flow management, efficiency and power factor of economic systems, investing strategy, immigrants, entrepreneurial minority groups, discrimination, economic value, immigration statistics, market segmentation, U.S. men’s shaving gel market, cost leadership strategy, price-quality segmentation, market share leadership, price a strategic variable, strategic groups, data mining, English style analysis, metrical linguistics, economic development, subcontractor, small and medium-sized enterprises, intensified dairy farm, adult equivalence, statistical- econometrical indicators, mandatory audit rotation, audit quality, bank holding, financial expertise, agency theory, signaling theory, corporate governance, destination image, travel motivation, information sources, tourism crisis. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of economics and management.

  • Leading the Charge: A Guide to Management, Entrepreneurship and Technology in the Dynamic Business Landscape Edition 1

    Human resource management involves a strategic and cohesive method to efficiently oversee personnel within a company or organization, aimed at enhancing their performance to contribute to the organization's competitive edge. Human Resources are crucial in any organisation, irrespective of sector. This study examines the impact of technology on Human Resources practices within the Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) sector. With the advent of digitalization, MSMEs are increasingly integrating technological solutions into their HR functions to streamline processes, enhance productivity, and improve employee engagement. The study highlights the transformative impact of technology on HR practices within MSMEs.

  • Current Advances in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of chemistry and biochemistry research. The contributions by the authors include phthalocyanine, X-ray reflectivity, organic aromatic compounds, metal complexes, nitrogen oxides sensors, UV-Visible spectroscopy, monosaccharides, configuration elucidation, chain shortening, ends equalization, ends reversal, biological activity, nucleosides, Hantzsch reaction, pharmaceuticals, cyclization reaction of acyclic precursors, intramitochondrial liver enzyme, cyanide detoxification, rhodanese activities, amylases, celulases, biotechnology, bacterial metabolism, estrogen receptors, estrogens, nitric oxide, hydrogen sulfide, vasodilatation, uterine artery, pregnancy, preeclampsia, flotation, froth height, entrainment, true flotation, particle size, maceration, soxhlet, antibacterial and antioxidant activity. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of chemistry and biochemistry research.

  • Occupational Stress and Health Impacts Among Public Sector Bus Drivers: A Cross-sectional Study, Edition 1

    Occupational stress has emerged as a significant public health concern, particularly in professions that demand long working hours, high responsibility, and challenging work environments. Among these professions, bus driving is a pivotal yet underappreciated role. Bus drivers are the backbone of public transportation systems, ensuring the mobility of millions daily. However, the stressors inherent to their work—prolonged sitting, exposure to pollutants, irregular shifts, and high psychological demands—significantly impact their health and well-being.

    This book, "Occupational Stress and Health Impacts Among Public Sector Bus Drivers: A Cross-sectional Study," explores this critical yet often overlooked issue. Through a detailed examination of Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC) bus drivers in Kolar, Karnataka, this study highlights the prevalence, contributing factors, and health consequences of occupational stress.

    By employing a systematic methodology and evidence-based approach, the book sheds light on the multifactorial nature of occupational stress, encompassing social, behavioral, and biological determinants. The findings emphasize the urgent need for targeted interventions, policy amendments, and health promotion programs to safeguard the physical and mental well-being of bus drivers.

    It is my hope that this book serves as a valuable resource for researchers, policymakers, healthcare professionals, and transport authorities. By understanding the challenges faced by bus drivers and addressing their health concerns, we can create a safer and more sustainable working environment, ultimately contributing to improved public health outcomes and road safety.

    I extend my gratitude to all those who contributed to this work and hope that the insights presented will inspire meaningful action in occupational health and safety.

  • Modern Perspectives in Economics, Business and Management Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of economics, business and management. The contributions by the authors include international business theory, international economy, the time of COVID-19, mercantilist tendencies, international trade policy, protectionist pressures, agriculture protection, bilateral agreements, CO2 emissions, fresh and clean water, new and old renewables, coal or oil and gas dependency, opportunism, shirking, pretending, asymmetrical knowledge, public sector, transport infrastructure, employment, Chinese economy, corporate tax rates, Income splitting, transfer pricing, tax jurisdictions, business fluctuations, open economy macroeconomics, financial markets and the macro economy, policy design and consistency, policy coordination, rural income inequality, non-timber forest incomes, income decomposition, business intelligence, entrepreneurship, multiple intelligence, emotional intelligence, future entrepreneurship project, growth management policies, sustainable development, changing marketing environment, corporate diversification, product diversification, agency theory, opportunism, internal capital markets. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of economics, business and management.

  • Digital Crossroads: Integrating Humanities, Science and Technology Edition 1

    The rapid integration of digital technologies into various aspects of human life has opened up new avenues for research and practice across disciplines. The anthology, Digital Crossroads: Integrating Humanities, Science, and Technology, brings together a collection of selected papers from an International Conference on Digital Humanities (ICDH 2025), organised by the Department of English, VNR VJIET, Hyderabad. It includes papers that explore the complex interplay between digital innovations and their impact on education, culture, identity, ethics, and communication.

    A prominent theme running through this volume is the evolution of narratives in digital spaces. Several papers investigate how storytelling, literature, and cultural representations are reshaped in digital environments, shedding light on the creative and ethical dimensions of digital narratives. The contributions explore how digital tools enable new forms of expression, while also examining the implications for identity formation and cultural memory in virtual spaces.

    Another critical focus of the anthology is education in the digital era. The papers present strategies for integrating technology into teaching and learning, discussing innovative methods such as flipped classrooms, digital storytelling, and interactive platforms to enhance learner engagement and outcomes. The volume also addresses the digital divide, emphasizing the importance of equitable access to digital resources and the need to bridge gaps in connectivity, particularly in educational contexts.

    The anthology also delves into ethical and social implications of emerging technologies, with discussions on artificial intelligence, machine learning, and their responsible application. Contributors reflect on the ethical challenges posed by technological advancements, particularly in areas such as data privacy, algorithmic bias, and digital governance. These papers stress the importance of ensuring that digital technologies contribute to sustainable, ethical outcomes.

    Language learning and communication in digital spaces is another key area of exploration. The papers highlight innovative approaches to teaching language and communication skills using digital tools, focusing on the ways technology can support more inclusive and adaptive learning experiences. There is also an emphasis on critical thinking and cultural awareness, underscoring the need to design digital platforms that promote thoughtful engagement and foster global competencies.

    From creating educational tools to addressing real-world challenges, the papers demonstrate how digital innovations can lead to more effective solutions in various fields, while maintaining a focus on human well-being and societal impact. Taken together, the contributions in this volume underscore the importance of interdisciplinary research in addressing the challenges and opportunities presented by the digital age.

    We express our gratitude to the authors, reviewers, publishers, and institutions that supported this endeavour. It is our hope that Digital Crossroads: Integrating Humanities, Science, and Technology will serve as a useful resource for researchers, educators, and practitioners, encouraging further inquiry into the human-centred applications of digital technologies.

  • Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical science. The contributions by the authors include treatment interrupters, non-adherence factors, high fibre diet, resection, primary anastomosis, risk factors, sigmoid volvulus, colostomy, sigmoid volvulus, non-linear analysis, bifurcation, eigenvalues, arrhythmias, action potential duration, electrocardiogram, cardiac arrhythmias, heart block, bradycardia, difficult vascular access, temporary pacing, transvenous pacing, fungal rhinosinusitis, mucormycosis, oxidative stress, antioxidant activity, antibacterial activity, cytotoxic activity, radical scavenging, fungal rhinosinusitis, urinary stress incontinence, fertility awareness method, complementary medicine,  integrative health, geriatric patient, attrition, abrasion, erosion, fussy eating, preschoolers, physical growth and neurodevelopment, physical activity, nutrition condition, breast neoplasms, phyllode tumor, breast ultrasonography, radical mastectomy. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical science.

  • Disease and Health: Research Developments Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of disease and health research. The contributions by the authors include Aminoff suffering syndrome, advanced Alzheimer’s disease, Aminoff suffering syndrome, palliative care, tobacco consumption, hypertension, smokeless tobacco, monkey-pox, viral zoonotic disease, infection prevention, human-to-human transmission, zoonotic transmission, Mpox treatment, pylori-related dyspepsia, dysglycemia, D-dimer Levels, COVID-19 patients, venous thromboembolism, deep venous thrombosis, alternative medicine, sleep disturbance, social media approaches, autism spectrum disorders, dental treatment, oral health issues, refrigerator mother theory, weak central coherence theory, visual pedagogy, sensory-adapted dental environment, reminiscence therapy, psychosomatic disease, cognitive function, agoraphobia, psychoanalysis, panic disorder, preparedness theory, interoceptive conditioning, misinterpretation theory, anxiety sensitivity theory, mitral valve prolapse, rational-choice theory of neurosis . This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of disease and health research.

  • Newest Updates in Physical Science Research Vol. 10

    This book covers key areas of physical science research. The contributions by the authors include longitudinal attractional force, linear motor, flexible positive electro-magnetic pole, Gill’s electronic theory, magnetism, Gregorian calendar, universal standard calendar, time harmonization, temperature variability, seasonal divisions, mobility pattern, pulsed laser deposition, electric properties, nanoparticles, Brownian motion, Biot number, nanofluid, implicit finite difference scheme and thermophoresis, acrylic coatings, cationic surfactant, quantum thermodynamics, superconductivity, free energy, quantum mechanics, blend, nanocomposites, energy gap, dielectric studies, mechanical studies, model of Space, group theoretical formulation, quantum relativity symmetry, noncommutative geometry, general relativity, special relativity, quantum thermodynamics, quantum mechanics, MATLAB, refractive index, one dimensional photonic crystal, complete photonic band gap, group velocity, density of states, algorithmic information, cellular automata, computer models for cosmology and biology, interactive multimedia simulations advance organisers, conventional teaching methods. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of physical science research.

  • Recent Developments in Chemistry and Biochemistry Research Vol. 10

    This book covers key areas of chemistry and biochemistry. The contributions by the authors include rat ascites hepatoma, reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial electron transport chain, cytotoxicity assays, carbodome, protein stability, hydrophobic effect, hydrophobicity, carbon distribution, drug development, protein engineering, glutamate dehydrogenase activity, alcohol-dependent persons, decision tree induction method, systemic lupus erythematosus, DNA hydrolysis, anti-DNA autoantibody, isoelectric focusing, circulating immunoglobulin, cancer chemotherapy, natural compounds, zerumbone, heterocyclic chemistry, molecular docing, hydrogen bond, hydrophobic bond, benzisoxazole derivatives, medicinal chemistry, heterocyclic compound, urease activities, antiglycation, monoamine oxidases, antithrombotic agents, allyl alcohol oxidation, quinaldinium chlorochromate, acetic acid medium, green chemistry, nanotechnology, green synthesis, nanotoxicity. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of chemistry and biochemistry.

  • Preservation of Cultural Values and Socio-Economic Development in the Sustainable Development of the Khmer People in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam

    This book deals with the Preservation of Cultural Values and Socio-Economic Development in the Sustainable Development of the Khmer People in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. This book also covers key areas in the culture of Khmer people in the Mekong Delta, beliefs and Religion on Khmer People, the values of cultural beliefs, traditional festivals among the Khmer Mekong Delta, the role of the pagoda in the spiritual life of the Khmer, preserve and promote the cultural belief, implementation of poverty reduction policies for the Khmer people, sustainable livelihoods associated with tourism. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, academicians of this area.

  • Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 10

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical science. The contributions by the authors include epidermolytic hyperkeratosis, ichthyosiform erythroderma, congenital ichthyosis, autosomal dominant disorder, granulosis rubra nasi, acute cutaneous lupus erythematosus, novel growth factor allograft, radiographic evaluation, MI-TLIF procedures, anesthesia, anaesthetists, RNAi regulation, glioblastoma, profile dependent indicator, \(\beta\) endorphin, neuroblastoma, postoperative analgesic effects, traditional intravenous opioids, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, spinal anesthesia, retro-clavicular approach, infraclavicular brachial plexus, upper limb surgeries, regional anesthesia, general anaesthesia, body mass index, cancer detection, advanced imaging techniques, molecular biomarkers, nanotechnology, molecular biomarkers, positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, biomedical imaging technology, chronic myeloid leukemia, liquid biopsies, retrograde acetabular micro perforations, chondral lesions, femoroacetabular impingement, hip arthroscopy, microfracture, hip preservation, cervical cancer screening, mass media, screening awareness, somatic diseases, main genome, personal vaccination technology, mason-pfizer monkey virus, molecular motifs, acute leukemia, M-PAL lineage, FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of medicine and medical science.

  • Modern Perspectives in Language, Literature and Education Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of language, literature and education. The contributions by the authors include microworld, information technologies in education, art psychology, Chinese images, Chinese aesthetic, taoism, philosophy, technologies trends, distance education, knowledge society, university, innovative, life-long learning, political parties, vigilantism, domestication, inter-agency collaboration, vocational education, students with learning disabilities, career experience preparation, higher education, distance learning, information and communication technology, blended learning, pedagogy, assessment, method learning, education, cooperative learning, foreign language study. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of language, literature and education.

  • Global Set Theory, Edition 2

    Binary logic, representing relations between true (1) and false (0), corresponds to Boolean lattice, and called classical logic, where lattice is an ordered set with operations \(\vee\) and \(\wedge\). Classical logic has the law of excluded middle and distributive law.

    Intuitionistic logic drops the law of excluded middle of classical logic, while quantum logic replaces the full distributive law of classical logic by weaker distributivity.

    Global logic has a logical operation which represents the lattice oder. We called it basic implication. Introduction of the basic implication enables us to express various logic and various set theory, such as quantum logic and quantum set theory.

  • Investigating Projectile Penetration of Concrete Blocks Reinforced by Different Material

    Impact loading analysis may take the form of design against impact damage requiring an analysis under high rate loading or design for acceptable energy absorption, or a combination of the two. Impact resistance of a structure is defined as its ability to absorb and dissipate the energy delivered to it during relatively high-speed collisions with other objects without sustaining damage that would damage its intended performance.

    The aim is to present and collect the results of published studies with a specific focus on the mechanical response of the different materials used to reduce the impact loading. Different materials, including Ceramics, fibers, polymers, Metals and nanomaterials, with high potentials to enhance the mechanical properties of reinforced composites are introduced covering different types of material used in this aspect in different research related to penetration reduction calculation as well as the implications of the different methods used.

  • Geography, Earth Science and Environment: Research Highlights Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of geography, earth science and environment research. The contributions by the authors include random forest analysis, cassava mosaic disease, random forest partial dependence plots, environmental degradation, riverbank erosion, natural disasters, land degradation, human migration, transplantation techniques, coral ecosystems, coral reefs, coral reef transplantation, waste reduction, waste management, climate adaptation pathways, community tools, community-based adaptation action plans, agroforestry, global climate change, risk mapping, resilience ranking, human-wildlife conflict, soil erosion, ecotourism, global temperature, decarbonization, global warming, mistletoes infestation, lake management, sustainable management, pollution control, decentralised system, sediment quality, quality sediment assessment, index analysis approach, heavy metals, urbanization, transportation, energy production, contamination factor, enrichment factor , pollution load index , geo-accumulation index, rice cultivation, greenhouse gas emissions, methane emission, soil organic carbon, greenhouse gas, de nitrification-de composition. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of geography, earth science and environment research.

  • Exquisite Economics: In Its Simplicity

    An exchange market is self-regulating.  Both buyer and seller are better off after every transaction because both have gained something that they did not have before it took place.  The concept of supply and demand is Adam Smith’s “invisible hand” that naturally guides the economy.

    The essence of economics is cooperation.  The essence of government is coercion.  No nation has ever been able to strike a harmonious balance between these two opposing spheres of influence.

    There are more fallacies in economics than in any other area of study, and all have the same root cause:  to focus on the immediate benefits of a policy to a single group (a) to the neglect of other groups, and (b) in ignorance of the long-term consequences to the economy as a whole. 

    The biggest fallacy of all is the mistaken belief that government can improve the overall economy.  The government has no money of its own.  It can only give to some what it takes from others. Every grant, subsidy, or stimulus package is ultimately paid for by consumers as taxpayers. Every manipulation of the money supply and interest rates hurts the entire economy.  Government can only do good for some by causing harm to everyone else.

    The more government controls our affairs, the more severely it restricts our rights and freedoms as individuals.  The cover story we are told is that this is necessary for the benefit of all, that society cannot function unless each of us makes personal sacrifices for the common good.  What in fact happens is that we subordinate our rights to the whim of bureaucrats who feign to know better what is to our collective best interests than we do ourselves.

  • Business, Management and Economics: Research Progress Vol. 10

    This book covers key areas of business management and economics. The contributions by the authors include fair value, agricultural companies, financial reporting, biological asset, fish farming, exploratory research, consumable biological assets, occupation-related injuries, solid waste recycling, waste management, informal recycling businesses, personal selling, life insurance promotion, informative promotion, life insurance policies, customer education, cursory analysis, environmental performance, corporate governance, company performance, ownership concentration, synergistic approach, irrigation scheme, private partner plans, entrepreneurship, probit model, biological assets, accounting standards, financial reporting, agricultural production, agricultural activity, bibliographic research, exploratory research, agricultural market information system, waste recycling businesses, purchasing behavior, agrochemical products, chilli cultivation, Garrett's ranking technique, transfer pricing, intercompany transactions, product comparability, market comparability, children’s education, tradeoff analysis, family decision-making, theory of consumer choice, digital banking, bank customers' journey, technology acceptance model, structural equation modelling. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of business management and economics.

  • Discrete Dynamical Systems: With Applications in Biology -2nd Edition

    Mathematical modeling of population dynamics has been attracted by many researchers over the last few decades. Specially, exponential difference equations have been used to model the interactions between different kind of population dynamics. Among these population models, Host-Parasitoid interactions play an important role in the ecosystem. A parasitoid is an organism that feeds another organism. The host is the organism which the parasitoid feeds. We have two different approaches to model these interactions, discrete and continuous. However, the discrete time models governed by difference equations are more realistic, rational and applicable rather than the continuous systems specially when the populations follow the non-overlapping generations. A well-known example of this non-overlapping is Insects which adults lay eggs in spring/summer and then die. The eggs hatch into larvae which eat and grow and then in the winter they fall in a pupal stage. The adults appear from the pupae in spring. Moreover, discrete models can present much more dynamical behaviors compared to the continuous-time model.

  • Prosthodontics: Technical Approaches to the Fabrication and Cementation of IPS Empress II e Max Porcelain Veneers, Bridges and Onlays, Edition 1

    This book is the result of a collaborative effort at the University of Loannina in Northwestern Greece, within the Faculty of Engineering and Materials Science Department. The project was conducted under the scientific guidance of Professors S. Agathopoulos, A. Karatzalis, T. Matikas, and A. Lekatou, with contributions from PhD candidates A. Poulia, D. Moshovas, T. Dalla, and M. Petsios.

    The dental clinic trials were carried out by a dedicated team, including Dentist E. Gkogkas (Aurthor), Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon K. Siochos, Nurses M. Tzamoura, P. Kontoudi, and I. Xinogalou, and Dental Technicians G. Paikas and A. Alexiou. The research followed a rigorous in-Vivo, Double-Blind methodology using freshly extracted human third molars. This work was entirely self-financed by the author.

    I dedicate this book to my late Professor, Dr. Stavros Papanikolaou †, whose invaluable teachings laid the foundation for my clinical practice. He inspired me to focus not merely on practicing medicine but on "becoming and remaining a doctor," emphasizing the humanity and purpose of the profession.

  • Current Research in Agricultural and Food Science Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of agricultural and food science. The contributions by the authors include phytochemical, nutrient composition, lipid stability, sensory characteristics, adulteration, un-permitted colours, food products, food technology, microbiology, food supply and demand, nutrient intake, self-sufficiency rate, fat recovery, protein recovery, membrane processing, high pressure processing, yield enhancing enzymes, amino acids, Kithul treacle, authenticity, adulteration, physiochemical parameters, beef, antioxidant properties, physicochemical characteristics, sensorial profile, functional foods,  antioxidant potential, free radical scavenging capacity, dairy goat milk. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of agricultural and food sciences.

  • Solanum aethiopicum Shum, an Example of the Richness of the Food and Therapeutic Heritage of a Continent in a Country, Cameroon, Africa in Miniature, Edition 1

    Cameroon is a microcosm of the African continent or Africa in miniature, not because of the density of its population or the size of its surface area, but because of the richness of its flora and fauna resources, based on its five (05) agro-ecological zones. This wealth is associated with food and medicinal potential like no other. By adding this to the cultural diversity, some agree to call Cameroon a "continent" in reference to Africa. The ecological diversity dominated by the highlands; bimodal rainfall forest; monomodal rainfall forest; Guinean high savannah and Sudan-Sahelian Zones, seems to concentrate the food and medicinal heritage of an entire continent in a single country. One of the elements of this heritage with proven nutritional and therapeutic value is a plant belonging to the Solanaceae family, genus Solanum and species Solanum aethiopicum, variety Shum. It grows in all the agroecological zones mentioned above. The fruits and leaves of this plant are consumed raw or cooked for both therapeutic and nutritional reasons, in a variety of preparations, the best known of which is a tea made from the fruits of S. aethiopicum Shum, known as “Mendim me zon”.

    This book attempts to highlight a number of useful elements for promoting the nutritional and medicinal heritage of both the fruit and leaves of this plant and the aforementioned beverage.  The five (05) chapters of this book deal on the one hand with nutritional aspects, in particular technological, biochemical, microbiological and toxicological analysis, and on the other hand with therapeutic quality, specifically the components of metabolic and inflammatory syndromes, mental illness and neurodegenerative diseases.

    The first chapter therefore focused on determining the proximal composition of S. aethiopicum Shum fruits according to the agro-ecological zone of harvest. Despite their bitter taste, carbohydrates are more abundant. We therefore characterised the carbohydrate fraction of these fruits using gas chromatography. This analysis provided additional information on the therapeutic potential of these fruits. On the other hand, some potentially toxic molecules were revealed. The second chapter looked at the safety of S. aethiopicum Shum fruits. Single-dose and repeated-dose tests were carried out on rats, in accordance with the protocols prescribed by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).

    At a time when consumers are becoming increasingly vigilant about what they eat, it is still important to offer foods which, as well as providing nutrients, can act as a barrier to disease. These are functional foods or nutraceuticals. The third chapter looks at the use of S. aethiopicum Shum fruit to treat components of metabolic and inflammatory syndromes, in particular obesity, diabetes, cancer and high blood pressure. This therapeutic potential has encouraged the development of Mendim me zon, a functional food eaten by the Fans-Bétis people. This ancestral know-how is used as both food and medicine and has been passed down from generation to generation. The fourth chapter focuses on determining the optimum conditions for preparing this beverage on the basis of its biochemical and sensory properties.

    An ageing population and oxidative stress affect the nervous system, leading to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. The leaves of S. aethiopicum Shum are eaten as a vegetable, usually cooked, for their neuroprotective effects. The last chapter emphazised that these leaves, when infused or decocted, can limit anxiety, thus protecting the body from mental illnesses and even neurodegenerative diseases.

    We would be delighted to receive feedback from readers. They will add to the body of knowledge that may be the subject of other publications and will help us to respond to the need to promote and safeguard our dietary and therapeutic heritage in a constantly changing environment.

  • New Approaches in Engineering Research Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of engineering research. The contributions by the authors include   eye aspect ratio, mouth aspect ratio, facial landmark, text mining, text characterization, feature selection, text tokenization, FPI and instructional phase, managed service provider, managed service, maturity model, IT service delivery, serial industrial robot, structural synthesis, redundant kinematic chain, workspace, kinematic analysis, measurement uncertainty, control, reliability, construction materials, probability, completeness of control, ASME codes and standards, modular refinery reactor shell, non-destructive testing, structural integrity, health-care, human emotion, patient, space, shell, shell structure, future development, combustion, ignition timing, fuzzy-PI controller, power Flow Controller, flexible AC transmission systems, security, malicious attacks. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of engineering research.

  • Exploration of Knowledge and Information in Sciences, Edition 1

    We are delighted to present the edited book “Exploration of Knowledge and Information in Sciences” to aspiring minds in the scientific community. This book offers an interdisciplinary journey through the fundamental aspects and advancements in various domains of basic and information sciences, including physics, mathematics, chemistry, and library science. Contributions from eminent scholars, researchers, and professors from renowned institutions enrich this compilation, highlighting diverse topics and their intersections across these fields.

    This volume offers readers a comprehensive exploration of various scientific topics, making it an invaluable resource for those engaged in research across science and its interdisciplinary domains.

    For researchers in mathematics, the book provides insights into the historical evolution of significant results related to \(\lambda\)-Bernstein operators in approximation theory, as well as the study of thermovibrational convection in fluid-saturated porous media. Additionally, it delves into advanced concepts such as bicomplex sequence spaces, bicomplex duals, bicomplex modules, tri-complex numbers, and bicomplex matrices, offering a detailed understanding of these mathematical structures.

    In the realm of green chemistry, readers will gain an in-depth understanding of its principles and practical applications, highlighting its role in fostering an environmentally sustainable future. This book also provides a comprehensive overview of preservatives, detailing their function in preventing spoilage and enhancing product stability. Both natural and synthetic food additives are thoroughly examined, along with the mechanisms by which preservatives work and their potential effects on overall well-being. Additionally, the evolution of food preservation methods is discussed, contrasting traditional techniques such as drying, smoking, salting, and fermentation with modern advancements like refrigeration, vacuum packaging, ultrasonication, freezing, and nanotechnology.

    Physics enthusiasts will gain an insightful overview of polymer nanocomposites, including their classification, synthesis methods, characterization techniques, and wide-ranging applications across industries such as automotive, aerospace, electronics, and packaging. Furthermore, readers will delve deeply into the role of precision engineering in healthcare, exploring advanced drug delivery systems, cutting-edge diagnostics, and innovative therapeutics enabled by nanotechnology.

    Readers will also gain insights into the fundamentals of NOMA and recent research highlighting its advantages in cooperative networks for enhancing performance analysis. Additionally, this book provides the significance and impact of interdisciplinary approaches, the role of academic libraries, and bibliometric methods, and the importance of multidisciplinary research in advancing knowledge and innovation.

    Efforts have been made to ensure that the content of this book is relevant, accurate, and easy to understand. We hope it will serve as a valuable resource for researchers in the fields of basic and information sciences. We sincerely welcome constructive feedback and suggestions from our readers to help us enhance future editions.

    Our heartfelt thanks to all the authors for their valuable contributions to this book. Lastly, we extend our gratitude to the publisher, B P International, for their cooperation and efforts in bringing this book to its excellent form.

  • Current Approaches in Science and Technology Research Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of science and technology research. The contributions by the authors include crack distribution energy, linear crack front tension, elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, uniform deformation, effective surface energy of the Griffiths-Orowan theory, friction ratio deformation component,   Contamination, effluents, pollution, groundwater and industries, piping system, steam generator, erosion-corrosion, stress rupture, Igneous rocks, aggregates, physical–mechanical characteristics, exploitation, construction materials, conformity, safety level, rocks quality, rocks classification, periodic review model, ramp type demand, shortage, price discount on backorder, ethical dilemmas, journalism practice, media laws, SAD imperative, biomass, thermochemical conversion technologies, energy and biofuels generation, mediterranean ecosystems, average annual growth rates, doubling farmers’ income, minimum support price, demand and supply of pulses, atypical gingival swelling, minimally invasive treatment, oral microbiota, oral intestinal-host microbiota balance, internal accesses, art therapy, social dimensions, art, hospital structure, SISO systems, PI controller, non-interacting systems, fuzzy logic, ant colony optimization, human dignity, Umunna solidarity, diurnal variations. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of science and technology research.

  • Characteristics of Female and Male Breast Cancer in Limpopo, South Africa, Edition 1

    This book is highly valuable for the scientific community as it offers a comprehensive analysis of breast cancer profiles in Limpopo Province, South Africa, including demographic trends, molecular subtypes, and factors influencing late-stage presentation. It highlights the disparities in healthcare access, the prevalence of advanced-stage diagnoses, and the unique molecular and clinical patterns in both HIV-positive and negative patients. By addressing rare tumour types and underexplored aspects such as male breast cancer, the manuscript contributes to a nuanced understanding of breast cancer in resource-limited settings. Many authors were involved in the research. 14 articles dispersed from Mankweng breast oncology clinics which cover key areas of breast cancer & have extensive literature review.

    Author would like to take the opportunity to thank those who contributed to the research articles explicitly R Mavhungu; F Ooko; M M Maeles; J G Mthembu; LC Makhuvha; HD Makhubele; LM Leso-Rangwato, FC Makhandule and CTM Mathopa.

    Author wants to thank the Editors of the Journals who assisted to publish these manuscripts in different journal namely: Journal of Medical Research and Health Sciences, South African Medical Journal, SciMedicine Journal, International Journal of Medical Science and Clinical Research Studies, EUREKA: Health Sciences, Arch Breast Cancer Journal and European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences.

  • Challenging Issues on Environment and Earth Science Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of environment and earth science. The contributions by the authors include electron radiation belt, secular geomagnetic variation, mid-latitude aurora, tree line shift, climate change, regeneration modes, coefficient of linear extensibility, potential of linear extensibility, geometric factor, isotropy, lithospheric plates, plate tectonics, carbon cycle, biodiversity, extinction, photosynthesis, photorespiration, ecological compensation point, aerobic and anaerobic conditions, orogenic period, geo synclynal period, heavy metals, blue swimming crab, shrimp biodiversity,  autoclaving, sprouting, thermal energy, earth’s expansion, mantle, pseudo-fluid geosphere, inner core, reverse gravity, remote sensing, floodplain, deposited sediment, bioremediation, contaminated soils, bacterial species, petroleum products, exhaust emissions, health hazards, LHR engine, fuel performance, exhaust emissions. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of environment and earth sciences.

  • Current Progress in Arts and Social Studies Research Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of research and perspectives in arts and social studies. The contributions by the authors include digital entrepreneurship, vlogging, financial independence, homemakers, kaibarta community, social-cultural-educational evolution, traditional social lifestyle, economic condition, drug use-abuse, alcohol use, adolescents and college students, risk behaviors, secured diagnostic crime scene, medico-legal cases, reconstruction of evidence, grant witness immunity, corpus-based approach, multilingual legal translation, court judgment structure, phraseology, job burnout, primary healthcare workers, physical and mental health, emotional exhaustion, employee happiness, organizational culture, corporate social responsibility, HR policies, bullying victimization, sexual victim, ancient Greek philosophy, Nicomachean ethics, utilitarianism, consequentialism, contemporary moral dilemmas. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of research and perspectives in arts and social studies.

  • Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 14

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical research. The contributions by the authors include N-myc downstream-regulated gene-1, pancreatic cancer, hypoxia, cellular differentiation, epigenetic regulation, maternal age, parity, gestational age, high risk behavior, white spot lesions, demineralization, treatment, fluoride, micro abrasion, computed tomography, echocardiography, imaging, palliative care, acute kidney injury, aetiology, resource constraint regions, global developmental delay, Karyotype, marker chromosome, epitheloid haemangioma, tumor, vascular, histopathological diagnosis, expression system, human coagulation factor VII, gene expression, herniation, endotracheal tube cuff, swelling, nasopharangeal, para-tracheal region, cervical Tunisian cancer, tympanoplasty, ossiculoplasty, otologic surgical procedures, autograft, titanium, cartilage, pediatrics, sports nutrition, catabolism. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical research.

  • Theory of Risk and Risk Management, Edition 1

    The ideas, concepts, and viewpoints of risk and risk management are thoroughly critically analysed in this book, "Theory of Risk and Risk Management." The book examines the trend of risk management in the future and critically evaluates a sizable number of publications and scholarly works. There are also more case studies, practical exercises, and work examples.

    Statistical modelling of risk, decision theory, risk governance, risk theory, and methodologies and procedures for risk assessment and control are among the materials that make up the book's distinctive blend. The author's extensive academic and professional background in statistics, economics, risk management, insurance, and actuarial science will be advantageous to the reader.

    This book will have accomplished its goal if it enables the reader to comprehend the advantages and disadvantages of risks, both financial and non-financial; evaluate the risk's effect on achieving strategic objectives in both monetary and non-monetary terms; effectively manage risk using the best possible combination of risk treatment procedures; and pique the reader's curiosity about more complicated subjects, like decision theory and quantitative risk measurement.

  • Impacts of Ecotourism Activities on Sustainable Livelihood of the Communities Living on Wasini Island, Kwale County, Kenya

    This book dealt with impacts of ecotourism activities on sustainable livelihood of the communities in Kenya. The study was conducted to assess the impacts of ecotourism on the livelihoods of the communities to establish the relationship between ecotourism initiatives and sustainable livelihood activities. The contributions by the authors include ecotourism; community relationships, sustainable development, tourism activities, habitat biodiversity. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians.

  • Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical science. The contributions by the authors include deficient masticatory function, masticatory performance, masticatory efficiency, impaired dietary intake, gene therapy, genetic disorder, enzyme replacement therapy, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, preeclampsia, flat foot, navicular drop test, Chippaux-Smirak Index, Clarke angle, Staheli's plantar arch technique, liver disorders, autopsy cases, cirrhosis, autolysis, steatohepatitis, immature platelet fraction, immune thrombocytopenia, immature platelet fraction, thrombopoietic activity, silver sulfadiazine, silver nanocrystals, chronic wounds, antibiotic effect, hospitalized patients, user satisfaction, medical imaging support, medical imaging, cardiovascular health, non-invasive vascular parameters, yogic practice, reflection index, digital volume pulse. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of medicine and medical science.

  • Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 14

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical science. The contributions by the authors include tunga penetrans, ectoparasite, glycaemic status, lipid profile, meditation, Type 2 diabetes mellitus,  leptin, metabolic syndrome, obesity, oral hygiene, sequence learning, brushing technique, female epispadias, congenital anomalies, female hypospadias, urethral anomalies, gestational age, ultrasound placental grading, epithelioid trophoblastic tumor, immunohistochemistry, intermediate trophoblastic cells, ectopic breast tissue, fibroadenoma, caesarean section, mifepristone, glaucoma, diagnosis, artificial intelligence, genetics, maximal electroshock, losartan telmisartan, renin angiotensin system, dermo-Hemodialysis, traditional cupping therapy, blood syndrome, idiopathic/non- treatable illnesses, COVID-19 pandemic, vaccine, endorphins, endometrial biopsy, fibroid, malignancy, sickle cell disease, genetic counselling, media parenting, media education, psychology, chromosomal abnormalities, infertility, recurrent spontaneous abortions, nutrient foramina, clinical manifestation, respiratory syndrome. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical science.

  • An Overview of Literature, Language and Education Research Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of literature, language and education. The contributions by the authors include episodic memory, tragic character, mental time travel, objective time, subjective time, Inter-European crusades, expiation of sins, reformation, revisionist view, character portrayal, social positioning, word stress patterns, English as a foreign language, English as a second language, stress placement, phonetics, natural English rhythm, language teaching, learning stress, authentic listening practice, teaching practice, codes of ethics, codes of conduct, pre-service teacher preparation, ethical conundrums, teaching practice, pre-serving teacher training, mentor teacher training, reading skills, dynamic teaching, assessment strategy, Vygotskian concepts, word reading, sentence reading, mobile learning, asynchronous learning, educational technology, learner-centred teaching, classroom community, emotions and learning, emotional culture, emodiversity, emotional resilience. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of literature, language and education.

  • Insights into Economics and Management Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of economics and management. The contributions by the authors include essential Service Package, public health facilities, antenatal corticosteroids, neonatal jaundice, financial inclusion, financial literacy, awareness, investment, borrowings, slum dwellers, learning organization,, innovation, leadership, competitiveness, Thai exporting business, financial distress, average treatment effects, reference group-employment function, Tukey Post Hoc test, open distance learning, persistence, satisfaction, service quality, significant, quality, corporate social responsibility, contextual reasoning, corporate social responsibility, reflexive organisational change, moral transpose, business tourism, convention tourism, planning policy, economic growth, arbitral award, code of civil procedure, drag racing. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of economics and management.

  • Engineering Research: Perspectives on Recent Advances Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of engineering research. The contributions by the authors include stainless steel AISI 316, post weld heat treatment, arc welding, duplex stainless steel, slurry trench procedure, soil - bentonite mix, Dalaman-Akköprü dam, soil improvement, shear strength, blended portland cement concrete, artificial neural networks, genetic programming, multiphase 4-switch DC-DC converter, ripple reduction, dual-mode operation, interleaved DC-DC converter designs, zero-voltage-transition cell, quantitative feedback theory, robust control, coaxial micro-helicopter, dynamic analysis, UAV multirotors, single rotor drones, Kalman criterion, artificial neural networks, multilayer feed-forward neural networks, heat transferring baffle inserted tubes, programmable logic controller, working conditions, loco pilots, mental workload, psychosocial work environment, affordable oxygen concentrators, pressure swing adsorption, pneumatic tubes pipes, pressure swing adsorption technology, oxygen therapy, Spearman’s correlation coefficient, applied thermodynamics, engineering mathematics courses, academic performance. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of engineering research.

  • Advanced Aspects of Engineering Research Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of engineering research. The contributions by the authors include  mathematical study, axisymmetric flow, Navier-Stokes fluid, solar collector, contact angle, super hydrophobic surface, freezing temperature, power system stabilizers, flexible AC transmission system, low frequency oscillation, welding, gas turbine engines, electron beam, hydraulic cylinders, nozzle block, health and safety, occupational hazards, safety regulations, deflection function, thin plate, , finite element analysis, stone architectures, conservation, restoration, energetic efficiency, drowsiness detection, power window, raspberry-Pi, static testing, composite wing, system matrix, Krylov subspace, model reduction method, rational canonical form, infrared non-destructive testing, glass fiber reinforced plastic, barker code, pulse compression, fourier transform, interband optical transitions, Gd2O3 nanoparticles, electron transitions, two stroke engine, SI engine, scavenging, intake valves and exhaust valve, conversion,  sigma metrics, articulated robot, end effector, forward kinematics, free body diagram, inverse kinematics, planar robot.This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of engineering research.

  • Science and Technology: Developments and Applications Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of science and technology. The contributions by the authors include augmented reality, virtual reality, medical treatment, machine learning, marine microalgae, bioremediation, bioenergy, microalgae-based amino acids, x-ray computed tomography, coordinate measuring machine, round robin, 3D image reconstructions, micro-electromechanical-system, fishbone-shaped electrostatic comb drive actuator, microdevices, electrostatic analysis, compression technique, multiple parameter discrete fractional fourier transform, eigenvector decomposition algorithm, fractional cosine transforms, CT liver image analysis, medical image segmentation, liver cancer, wavelet-based thresholding, medical image analysis, level set based approach, hard thresholding, wavelet-based thresholding, computational fluid dynamics modelling, methane combustion, vortex flameless combustor, colourless distributed combustion, CO oxidation, induction motors, new stable control structure, Lyapunov's second method, nonlinear systems. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of science and technology.

  • Anticancer and Antiinflammatory Effects of Bamboo Salt

    This book deals with the anticancer and antiinflammatory effects of bamboo salt. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the area of bamboo salt. This book was funded by Chongqing University Innovation Research Group Project (CXQTP20033), China.

  • Current Research Progress in Physical Science Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of physical science. The contributions by the authors include superheated liquid technique, astroparticle dark matter, linear energy transfer, heterogeneous nucleation, threshold recoil energy, nuclear recoil, particle discrimination, signal detection efficiencies, COUPP windows, molecular topological indices, X-ray absorption shifts, Randic index, quasielastic nucleon scattering, emitted protons, Coulomb interaction, Hartree-Fock wave functions, distorted wave function, complex physical phenomenology, pulsed electric discharges phases, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, chemical-thermal transformations, electro erosion processing, smart electrode materials, energy storage applications, chemical vapor deposition, capacity retention, home-made chemical vapor deposition, electrochemical performance, hydrostatic pressure, dilute magnetic semiconductors, p-d hybridization, total magnetic moment, coupled electromagnetic circuits, biorhythm, quantization of resonators, quantum mechanical resonance interactions. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of physical science.

  • Cutting-edge Research in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 11

    This book covers key areas of agricultural sciences. The contributions by the authors include  infestation, ectoparasitic fauna, domestic animals, livelihood, diversification, livelihood strategy, biodiversity, sensory properties, fattening, fresh meat, thermally treated meat, mass losses, changing climate, drought resilience, feed resources, nutritional characterization, nutritional composition, minerals, phytochemicals compound, antioxidants properties, agricultural science, organizational culture, social capital, transactional costs, sweet potato viral disease, meristem-tip culture, virus elimination, field performance, habitats, vegetation community, entomopathogenic fungi, mass production, liquid and solid media, pathogenicity, drip irrigation, infiltration, irrigation schedule, permeable velocity, coffee husk compost, greenhouse effect, hatchability, laying period. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of agricultural sciences.

  • A Phenomenological Journey Across Foreign Language Education: A Practical Guide for Novice Researchers, Edition 1

    Research on foreign language curriculum innovation has leaned towards qualitative approaches with the adoption of phenomenology and hermeneutics. There is a plethora of books on phenomenological and hermeneutic research; however, literature on how to conduct phenomenological hermeneutic research as a dialectical continuum in practice is limited, namely in the broad area of the foreign language curriculum. This book advances a practical model for conducting phenomenological hermeneutic research in education and social sciences at large.

    All books have their own story. This one came to life as the result of a structural transformation of the last three chapters of my doctoral dissertation required by the University of Phoenix. In order to write this dissertation, I was inspired by a casual conversation with an official representative of the Colombian Ministry of Education in 2008. Her point was that despite the national governments’ numerous attempts at improving the quality of foreign language education in the country, both public and private educational institutions’ innovative initiatives continued to be unsuccessful. This concern permeated the entire doctoral dissertation. The research proposal, which was originally formulated as an ethnographic study, resulted in a phenomenological hermeneutic investigation as it unfolded with help, first from my mentor and after that from my dissertation committee members.

    The book is intended for novice researchers and practitioners at large who are not familiar with the nature and methodological components of phenomenological research. At a lower level, the book may be useful as a reference textbook for undergraduate courses in qualitative research methods, namely in education. What is the best way to conduct phenomenological research? There are many, but Phenomenological Hermeneutic Research Design in Practice: A Guide for Novice Researchers takes one –the dialectical fusion of phenomenology and hermeneutics. What follows is the organization of the books in terms of chapters, sections, and subsections.

    Chapter 1, “Introduction,” establishes the theoretical orientation to human science and human research in this book, based on well-known phenomenological philosophers. The chapter also includes common characteristics of qualitative traditions in terms of fundamental aspects. An overview of phenomenology and hermeneutics is presented to provide the reader with the evolution of the phenomenological movement since its very beginning. Also included is a theoretical sketch of my approach to phenomenological hermeneutic research. This is followed by a brief rationale for this research strategy. Key concepts in phenomenological hermeneutic research are considered as well. Examples from the author’s doctoral dissertation will illustrate the various phenomenological research issues discussed throughout the book.

    Chapter 2, “The Ontology, Epistemology, Axiology, rhetoric, and Methodology of Phenomenological Hermeneutic Research” presents a conceptual framework for understanding phenomenological hermeneutic research along with the specific focus of the approach proposed in this book. The contribution of key researchers to the construction of my approach is highlighted. The chapter concludes with a rationale for the prevalence of phenomenological hermeneutic research.

    Chapter 3, “Designing a Phenomenological Hermeneutic Research Project,” is practical in nature in the sense that it outlines and defines the various components of the phenomenological hermeneutic project. Examples from diverse researchers illustrate each component. A section on ethics in phenomenological hermeneutic research is included to encourage researchers to tackle research activities professionally and with a high level of integrity. An example of informed consent from my own study is provided along with a template for writing a phenomenological hermeneutic research prospectus.

    Chapter 4, “Collecting the Data,” describes the basic elements of the data collection process in light of my own phenomenological hermeneutic research study. Elements such as population, sampling frame, research sites, data collection methods, instrumentation, pilot study, validity, reliability, authenticity, phenomenological interviewing, focus groups, and the researcher’s diary are discussed. Examples of some of these elements from my own study are provided.

    Chapter 5, “Analyzing the Data,” describes my approach to phenomenological hermeneutic data analysis step by step. The various steps are summarized in four core stages, Stage Four being the focus of Chapter 6. All stages are illustrated with examples from my own study.

    Chapter 6, “Writing the Results,” presents the findings of the phenomenological hermeneutic research study in an easy manner. The issue of validation as an expression of validity and trustworthiness of a research study through methodological triangulation is included. Examples of the entire content of the findings are provided in the form of themes, textural descriptions, structural descriptions, and a composite description of phenomenological experience.

    Chapter 7, “A Novice Researchers’ Voice on Reflective Diaries” reflects the researcher’s voice on a reflective diary as an effective tool for understanding and learning from doing phenomenological hermeneutic research. Three key issues as the focus of the reflection are tackled. These three issues are prior experience as a researcher, bracketing, and reflexivity.

    Chapter 8, “Conclusion,” is the end of the book. The core theme of this chapter is the need to do phenomenological hermeneutic research on the grounds of foundational aspects of phenomenology as a branch of philosophy and sound principles of research methodology. The chapter also represents a methodological summary of my approach to the major issue of phenomenological research. Another issue raised in the chapter is the need to capitalize on the experience of doing phenomenological research by using reflection as a writing tool.

    Embarking on the journey of creating a book about phenomenological hermeneutic research became hard intellectual work, and included not only the actual writing of the book but also a decision-making process. Defining the number of chapters, identifying what parts of the dissertation needed to be turned into sections of a chapter in the book, and determining whether any section of the dissertation needed expansion based on information from other chapters was an intensive task. This task also included a careful review of the literature on the introduction topic to make it thorough and ground-breaking. I hope that both novice and experienced researchers take advantage of the content of this book, use it as a practical learning tool, and start doing their own phenomenological research projects.

  • Short Manual of Pharmacology

    Pharmacology is presently one of the fast growing branches in therapeutics. This book is intended to cover the syllabus specified for OT technicians, anesthesia technology, physician assistant, clinical research, dialysis technology etc. The contents are tailored according to the AHS syllabus. The book has a systematic approach to each chapters starting from the fundamental aspects of the system and goes on to elaborate the mechanism, indications and adverse effects. This is a team work by the department of Pharmacology with motivation from SBV university. I hope this book will be very useful for the students and the faculties involved in teaching the above courses. I would sincerely accept suggestions, criticisms and feedback so as to correct our self in our future endeavours.

  • Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical science. The contributions by the authors include circumsporozoite surface protein, restriction fragment length polymorphism, malaria control, organ donation, non-cognitive inhibitions, parasite genotyping, expanded criteria donors, brain death, non-cognitive inhibitions, organ shortage, social education, altruism, cellular plasticity, cancer progression, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, cancer development, phenotypic plasticity, circulating tumor cells, facial aesthetics, neoclassical facial canons, facial anatomy, anthropometric study, pheochromocytomas, glucocorticoid replacement therapy, Nelson’s syndrome, contrast-enhanced computed tomography, stroke management, ionic correction, stroke management, diabetic foot ulcer, peripheral neuropathy, Wagner classification, stem cells, fracture healing, bone regeneration, human pluripotent stem cells, embryonic stem cells, amniotic stem cells, immunogenicity, drug resistance, carbapenems, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales, antibiotic resistance, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase production, diabetic retinopathy, glycemic control, HbA1c levels, lipid profile. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of medicine and medical science.

  • Modern Advances in Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of geography, environment and earth sciences. The contributions by the authors include seismic emission, acoustic impact, saturated porous medium, energy spectrograms, reservoir hierarchical structure with plastic properties, Algorithm of 2D Modeling, aquaculture, site selection, Geographic Information System, coral reef, remote sensing, alos imagery, siberian traps, intrusions, sub-alkaline and basic rocks, geochemistry, Pb-U system, high-latitude atmosphere, mathematical modeling, prediction of polar lows origination, compound hierarchical environment, acoustic field, iterative algorithm, integral-differential equations and direct problem, agricultural supply, anthropogenic parameters, cyanobacterial biomass, limnology, climate change, thermal pollution, heat capacity, precipitation decline, atmospheric carbon, heat-trapping gas, paleoclimatology, conservation, environmental justice, ecology, political ecology, sustainable development, transition, urban development, urban economy, urban planning. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of geography, environment and earth sciences.

  • Chemical and Materials Sciences: Developments and Innovations Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of chemical and materials sciences. The contributions by the authors include kinetic features, epoxide, dione, acetonitrile, thermobaric adsorption model, long flame coal, temperature-pressure-adsorption equation, TPAE’s accuracy, thermal barrier coatings, glass ceramics, yttria stabilized zirconia, MAX phase material, high entropy alloys, metal oxide nanostructures, heterojunction, methylene blue dye adsorption, Raman spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction analysis, carbon coated chitosan, cosmetics, activated carbon, cotton stags, arsenic adsorption, functionalized mesoporous silica, pH-dependent behavior, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, boron carbide, DRON-3 device, multifunctional composites, armor plates, turbine blades, phase decomposition, microstructural processes, atom probe tomography, cellular lattice structure, high-entropy alloy concept, in-situ testing, cellular lattice structure. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of chemical and materials sciences.

  • Cutting-edge Research in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of agricultural sciences. The contributions by the authors include  crop residues, isotopic dilution, nutrient uptake, nitrobenzene concentrations, flowering, fruit setting, polytunnel, greenhouse effect, organic greenhouse cucumber, weighted goal programming, medicinal plants, caffeine, phenolics, flavonoids, antioxidant activity, fruit pericarp thickness, light colour spectrum, phytochemical properties, seedling growth, agricultural diversification, legumes, forage crops, grain crops, dolichos bean, hyacinth bean, sprouting, vegetative propagation, emergence speed, yield loss, estimation, sugarcane, smut, sucrose content, intercropping system, fertilization, land reform, sustainability, models and livelihoods, extension support, guava cultures, remote sensing, plague detection, eco-composite boards, boards properties, scanning electron microscope, thermogravimetric analysis, geostatistics, soil chemical and physical properties, soil management, soil fertility, laminated panels, lay-up veneer structure, densification. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of agricultural sciences.

  • Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical science. The contributions by the authors include B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders, flow cytometry techniques, immunophenotyping, B-non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, hairy cell leukaemia, splenic marginal zone lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, diabetic retinopathy, sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy, ophthalmic examination, endodontic treatment, apexification, Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath, mineral trioxide aggregate, quality assessment, biodentine, neurofibromatosis type-1, plexiform neurofibroma, neurocutaneous disorder, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, postoperative pain, preventive analgesia, lumbar spinal stenosis, gabapentinoids, facet joint synovitis, degenerative spondylolisthesis, gammaaminobutyric acid, postoperative nausea and vomiting, preoperative pregabalin, autoimmune disorder, miasmatic assessment, sycotic miasm, bioactive compounds, therapeutic applications, medicinal chemistry, natural bioactive compounds, gut microbiota, gastrointestinal tract microbiome, gut immune-brain signalling, gut dysbiosis, catecholamines, peptide YY, gut-brain endocrine pathways, Crohn’s   disease, autism spectrum disorders, oral cancer, Saudi smokers, smoking cessation, Papanicolaou's method, oral squamous cell carcinoma, oral health, selenium deficiency, thyroid dysfunction, Hashimoto’s autoimmune thyroiditis, Hashimoto thyroiditis, compatibility testing strategies, multiple alloantibodies, hemolytic transfusion reaction, delayed serological transfusion reaction, molecular phenotyping. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of medicine and medical science.

  • Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of pharmaceutical research. The contributions by the authors include press coating technique, lansoprazole, enteric coated, delayed release, antioxidants, estimation of total phenolic compound, reducing power, nitric oxide scavenging method, superoxide ion scavenging activity, total phenolic, total flavonoid, colophony, biodegradable, microcapsules, microcapsules, microencapsulation, biodegradable microcapsules, acoustic trauma, otoacoustic emission, cimetidine, lipid peroxidation, antibacterial activity, Eucalyptus leaf essential oil composition, principal components analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, nano vesicular, pioglitazone, transdermal drug delivery, transferosome, angiogenesis, indole chalcone, CAM assay, antioxidant activities, phytochemical analysis, anti-diabetic, anesthetic activity. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of pharmaceutical research.

  • Scientific Research, New Technologies and Applications Vol. 10

    This book covers key areas of scientific research, new technologies and applications. The contributions by the authors include digital presence, media sources, business analytics, social media engagement, blood biochemicals, repeat breeder cows, blood urea nitrogen, Indian petro retail, customer experience, AI solutions, consumer buying behaviour, oil marketing companies, autonomous number plate recognition, brand building, technological shift, Internet of Things, new technology adoption, predictive and preventive maintenance, data management, smart manufacturing, supply chain management, operations technology, customer-facing services, wave-particle interactions, mean-free path, astrophysical plasmas, plasma data, qualitative research, nursing, grounded theory research, spindle coding, ethnographic research, narrative research, rabies, street dogs, post-exposure prophylaxis, anti-rabies vaccination, ionic liquid, graphene loading, green solvent, biopolymer electrolyte, plasma flows, electron temperature, particle-in-cell, plasma potential correlations, electricity storage, energy security, battery storage systems, intermittent renewable energy sources, auto-encoder architecture, handwritten document segmentation, thinned handwriting, cursive scripts, Arabic handwriting recognition. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of scientific research, new technologies and applications.

  • Security Issues in a Changing Asian Region

    For more than a quarter of a century, with the acceleration of global processes, the world has been experiencing multi-stage changes that affect political and economic processes. By this time, it was the Asian part of the planet, perhaps more than ever, that began to play a leading role in the transition of the entire civilization to a new state. Of course, issues related to the political and economic strategies of Asia are of great importance in terms of determining the prospects of Uzbekistan's foreign policy. When talking about the growth and development of Asian components in foreign policy and economics, it should be noted that they have played a unique role in defining the theoretical and practical priorities of international relations since the beginning of the XXI century.

    By this time, India was able to confidently demonstrate its position on all issues, including security, through its membership. Many years of experience have shown that Pakistan is incapable of fighting Kashmir and terrorism, Kashmir is its goal and terrorism has become its tool. The SAARC has not achieved the expected success due to a power imbalance between countries such as Pakistan and Bangladesh and some problems. Until all states in the region adopt guiding principles for governance, such as democracy, secularism, and the well-being of the people, cooperation in the region will remain unclear and security challenges will persist. Since these states became independent after the abandonment of British colonialism, large or small conflicts have prevailed in the region. The most serious part of these conflicts is taking place between India and Pakistan, which prevents both countries from taking full advantage of their existing foreign policy capabilities.

    It should be noted that Islamic terrorism is a joint project of Lashkar-e-Taiba, Jaish-i-Mohd, Harkat-ul-Jehadi Islam and other similar extremist organizations in Pakistan. Therefore, the security situation on the borders of India has always been problematic. With the exception of the Maldives and Bhutan, which have no problems with India, the remaining four countries - Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka - are concerned about India and are able to take measures that could jeopardize the country’s security.

    As for three other areas of concern affecting Asian security, they remain Palestine, North Korea and Iran. No one can predict what form the solution to the Palestinian question will take, because each side is adamant in its position: the redistribution of Palestinian Arab ownership of Jerusalem and the liberation of some Jewish settlements from previously Arab-held lands and Israel's recognition of these two points. they want to pull.

    The Regional Powers and Security Framework provide a systematic method to assess how the relative strength and behavior of regional powers influence regional security orders. This article applies the framework to India as a South Asian regional power. The analysis indicates that although the region is unipolar; India's impact is limited because of its failure to play leadership and custodianship roles. It does serve as a protector of the region from external threats, doing so through a unilateral, status quo, and reactive orientation. Application of this framework points to a lack of a hegemonic security order in South Asia, in spite of India's self-view as the region's natural hegemon. For India to be hegemonic, it would have to play these roles in a comprehensive manner.

    The Regional Authority and Security Framework suggest the use of a systematic approach to assess how the relative strengths and behaviors of participants affect the regional security system. This monograph focuses on India’s role as the most influential state in the Asian region. The analysis shows that even though the region is unipolar, India’s influence is somewhat limited due to its inability to adequately fulfill its leadership and sponsorship roles. It protects the region from external threats and does so through a unilateral, status quo and reactive direction. The application of this system indicates that there is no hegemonic security order in Asia, despite the fact that India considers itself the natural hegemon of the region. For India to become hegemonic, it must play these roles in every way.

  • Methodology for the Analysis and Design of a Cognitive Model: Emotions and Artificial Conscience Simulation, Edition 1

    One of the most fascinating stages during the conception of any project is the analysis and design phase. Being this where all human creativity lets embody its capability.

    What do we understand by analysis, and what do we know by design? For now, to say that there are two stages for which specific definitions exist, however, it is necessary to mention that the limit between them is diffuse. To achieve this, we will look at each element designed as an artifact that counts on two parts: one internal refers to its organization and its domain, and the other, represented by milieu: refers to the place where it operates. It is a marvelous idea proposed by Mr. Herbert Simon, from which we will depart with the aim of explaining the design elements offered in this book.

    In this case we have the computer as an artifact and more specifically the software systems, which we will call artilects; these are the interface between the internal part and the external part. Through these, we intend to simulate human behavior. Artilects represent an excellent tool that permits exploring the consequences of human behavior.

    First of all, we must be able to desire something. Once we are able to desire, we can imagine. Only then can we pass to the design stage. This phase is the one that has powerfully called my attention since my first years as an engineer. The next stage is construction or implementation, which is full of technical problems that must be solved at the moment and not because of this, which is less compelling.

    Long ago, I have been living in a marvelous world called artificial intelligence; basically, it is about simulating human behavior; this is not something easy; we need formal branches, and with a particular maturity, being mathematics one of them. This one helps us to conceive these complex systems. Conversely, the so-called cognitive sciences are indispensable; They grant through their multiple discoveries to understand how the human brain works and bring up challenges we engineers face to simulate their perfect mechanisms.

    This modeling will include practical computation dedicated to synthetic or artificial emotions. Emotions are essential in the simulation of behaviors because human beings constantly perceive and utilize them to make small and big decisions that conform to daily life.

    The affective computation started in the year 2000 and has two primary objectives: 1) to elicit user emotions and 2) to represent synthetic emotions through informatic systems. It happens through the artilects that simulate human behaviors in which: 1) users' emotions are predicted, or 2) are stimulated through the artilect, prior to have more accurate and located interactions.

    To perceive emotions, the artilects we design must have one of the following perceiver models: 1) a cognitive structure of emotions, or 2) an overall of preceptors that allows them to know the heart rate, the pupil’s dilatation, sweating level, among others.

    Including emotions in artilects design implies a higher adaptation capability and a richer interaction between them and the users. The discovery mentioned above discovers a whole wealth because if machines can understand us, they can make more accurate decisions during interactions.

    The primary approach of this book is the inclusion as a vital element of emotions, as a factor on motivation in artilects design; and with this, opens the door to the conscience phenomenon. As is the case of any dynamic system, it is necessary to balance internal functioning with external events and circumstances. As mentioned earlier, so that these behaviors can be executed in the best way possible. The emotions would conform to part of uncertainty, being a present aspect all the time, with whom human beings deal every time they make a decision.

    Emotions are important because they represent the leading layer of our actions, knowing them as the guardian of our actions; hence, they constitute a link with the conscience phenomenon, which, in our case, will be called artificial conscience.

    To be able to relate objects and phenomena that incorporate human aspiration and nature’s laws, I included topics concerning cognitive psychology, and heuristic techniques, within the design concept. Contributing all of them to indispensable concepts that allow the compenetration of the space that humans share with artilects. In this way, it is possible to have an ad-hoc context. Finally, as mentioned earlier, the conjunction of the branches results in intelligent interfaces that permit human behavior simulation or adaptation of an environment confined to the human being.

    I write this book intending to reveal the magic of analysis and design, considering emotions as the main topic in the decision-making process, thereby simulating the conscience phenomenon.

  • Immunity to SARS-COV-2 Virus Infections

    Learned people all over the world when became in a compulsory situation like those whom bound to be in a prison or those whom being restrained in a pandemic lockdown of an infectious disease, most of them starts writing innovative or narrative works .At the time period between Dec.2019 to Dec.2020 and till now world witness of sars-cov-2 virus pandemic disease with a frequent lockdown periods .I have my share in facing such pandemic lockdown. During that time period, I wrote seven review articles that were peer reviewed and published in a relevant scientific journals. These works were covering various immunological aspects of sars-cov-2 virus infections in human and to a lesser extent in animals. On reaching the seventh paper final formatting form, I wrote to the editor of Book Publisher International proposing them to be a monograph with a title Immunity To Sars-cov-2 Virus Infections”. The editor responded positively to the proposal. The text was organized into seven chapters as: infection and re-infection, immunity and duration of immunity, immune overreaction, chronicity immune concerns, immune simulations, vaccine race and vaccine induced immune enhancement mechanisms. Each chapter starts with abstract, introduction ,text items ,core concept, conclusions and references. The monograph serves as an at glance review to the rather complex nature of immunology of sars-cov-2 infections. It is helpful for the practicing immunologist, laboratory professionals and the specialized front line health workers.

  • Pharmaceutical Science: New Insights and Developments Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of pharmaceutical science. The contributions by the authors include atractylodin, human cytochrome P450 enzymes, cholangiocarcinoma, herbal products, liver microsomes, protein quantification, anti-cholangiocarcinoma efficacy, anti-CCA activity, maximum tolerated dose, no-observed-adverse-effect level, hepatocellular carcinoma, tumor growth inhibition, immunoblotting, subchronic toxicity, vascular endothelial growth factor, pre-eclampsia, post-partum haemorrhage, antenatal care, pregnancy-associated disorder, low-birth weight, nanofibers, electrospinning, wound dressing, extracellular matrix, anti-cancer drug delivery, skin tissue engineering, Anti-anginal trimetazidine dihydrochloride, UV spectrophotometry, limit of quantification, RP-HPLC method, stability indicating assay, pantoprazole, diclofenac, chlorzoxazone, system suitability chromatogram, gel formulation, herbal medicines, skin irritation, amentoflavone, minimum inhibitory concentration, elastase, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, \(\alpha\)-amylase inhibition assay, zeta potential. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of pharmaceutical science.

  • Challenges in Disease and Health Research Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of disease and health research. The contributions by the authors include glycogen storage disease, enzyme deficiency, neuromuscular disorder, Infant and adult forms, multidisciplinary team management, future prospects, violated rights, soybean crops, farmers, critical epidemiology, gut microbiota, probiotics, dysbiosis, bacterial translocation, stem cell transplant recipients, antibiotic susceptibility, clinical isolates, hypertension, circadian rhythm, chronobiology, chronopharmacology, chronotherapy, mortality, Ischemic heart disease, solar positive corpuscular radiation, proton flux, satellite measurement, risk of death, clinical evaluation, nanohybrid resin composite, placement technique, ovarian reserve, clinical pregnancy, cryopreserved embryos, hydrothorax, Meigs syndrome, pseudo-Meigs syndrome, foodborne botulism, anti-botulinum serum, food safety, public health, asthma management, nursing role, Bronfenbrenner’s model, disaster preparedness, pediatric emergency networks, rural disparities, healthcare collaboration, audiologists, genetics, hearing loss, cognition, iron deficiency anemia. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of disease and health research.

  • Disease and Health: Research Developments Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of disease and health research. The contributions by the authors include stroke, atrial fibrillation, anticoagulants, mediterranean diet, angiotensin receptor blockers, sustainable development, zoonoses infections, bacterial pathogens, anthrax bacterium, micronutrient, iodine nanoparticles, iodine deficiency disorders, goiter, almonds and walnuts intake, adiponectin, obesity, metabolic profile, lipocalin-2, antioxidant vitamins, HIV/AIDS management, bioavailability of vegetables, CD4 counts, dietary intake, lifestyle patterns, glycaemic response, type 2 diabetes mellitus, arterial stiffness, cardiovascular disease, stiffness index, reflection index, ventricular ejection time, digital photoplethysmography, isolated systolic hypertension, obesity, iron deficiency, iron-fortified infant cereal, diabetes mellitus, feedback resistance, insulin pseudo-resistance, insulin synthesis, SARS-COV-2, antiviral drugs, COVID-19 management. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of disease and health research.

  • Newest Updates in Physical Science Research Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of physical science. The contributions by the authors include general cosmic models, distribution of mass and energy, dark energy, radiation, closed cosmic model, magnetic induction, learning progression, coastal geomorphology, monitoring, morphology, geomatic techniques,  shoreline change, coastal process, monitoring, geomatic techniques, thermomagnetic conversion, low-grade waste heat, curie wheel, magneto caloric material, magneto caloric effect, thermal and magnetic coupling, modelling, high-speed railway vehicle, geometrical and dynamical hunting of wheelset, yaw oil and colloidal damper, negative damping, filters for ride comfort evaluation under lateral vibration, dental powders, trace elements, trace elements, radio-isotopes, toxic elements, symmetry between shape and orbit, spherical and elliptical shape, particle and anti-particle, origination and recombination, uncertainty principle, the complex physical time, the variable uncertainty principle, particle’s position and velocity. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of physical science.

  • Laminar Flow and Biosafety: Essentials for Cleanrooms, Edition 1

    In today’s rapidly advancing technological landscape, the need for clean, controlled environments has become essential across many sectors, from pharmaceuticals and biotechnology to microelectronics and aerospace. Cleanrooms serve as critical workspaces where even the smallest contaminants can compromise products, processes, or experiments. This book is designed to provide a comprehensive understanding of these highly specialized environments, exploring their origins, technological advances, and significance across industries.

    The concept of cleanrooms has evolved significantly over the years, driven by stringent industry requirements for precision and contamination control. This book aims to take readers on a journey through this evolution, starting with how cleanrooms first emerged and developed, and continuing through the major standards that govern their operation today, such as ISO 14644 and ISO 29463. With each chapter, the goal is to equip the reader with both the theoretical foundation and practical knowledge required to understand and operate in cleanroom environments effectively.

    One of the key focuses of this book is on the systems that work within cleanrooms to maintain sterile conditions. Topics such as laminar airflow systems, biosafety cabinets, and fume hoods are explored in detail, with explanations of their working principles, components, and maintenance requirements. Standards and certifications are discussed to provide readers with the necessary tools to ensure that their cleanroom operations are compliant and reliable.

    Additionally, the book delves into critical topics like decontamination, the materials used in cleanroom construction, and the importance of regular testing and certification of equipment. By covering both the foundational concepts and practical aspects of maintaining cleanroom environments, this book offers a complete guide for professionals and students alike.

    My hope is that this book will serve as a valuable resource for individuals working in fields that depend on controlled environments, providing them with the insights needed to ensure product safety, process integrity, and compliance with global standards. Whether you are a seasoned professional or new to the field, I trust that this guide will offer you a deeper understanding of cleanroom technology and its vital role in modern industries.

  • Promising Estimations in the Statistical Information about the Technical Investigations

    In this book author gave very many versions how to depict different processes connected with wear and tear. But using this algorithm we can correctly describe another processes linked with the results of experiments or investigations.

    Changing parameters in formulas the researcher can get quickly both the right equation and the results of the approximation for the different physical processes.

    Potentially, working with this programme you’ll get the base of any statistical data which can help to find the right formula and chart representation for your statistical information. For this it is only needed to put your dots from the measurements on the charts which you had prepared in advance to get right result and to make the right conclusion.

    At last there is the new recommendation how using only very small amount of investigation (about three or five points of observation) the researchers can obtain the right conclusion without such actions as to determine the law of distribution and criteria which can be accepted into account.

  • Contemporary Research and Perspectives in Biological Science Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of biological science. The contributions by the authors include nipah virus, encephalitis, viral transmission dynamics, therapeutic strategies, endometritis, livestock animals, diometr drug, sheep obstetric and gynecological diseases, pathology of reproductive organs, donkey genetic resources, phylogenetic analysis, bottleneck analysis, genetic diversity, antimicrobial activity, traditional medicines, ayurveda, tuber extracts, Coleus forskohlii, Moringa oleifera leaves, nutritional and medicinal values, phytochemicals, toxicity, growth hormone, cortisol, meat production, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, pre-pubertal growth stage, genotoxicity, chromosomal damage, mitotic index, hepatosomatic index, gonadosomatic index, reproductive biology, fecundity, gonadotropin-releasing hormone, antigen-antibody interactions, non-neutralizing antibodies, IgG and IgM antibodies, ELISA, virus neutralization, methylation, 5HT2C gene, Cys23ser polymorphism, RNA editing. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of biological science.

  • Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical research. The contributions by the authors include vertebral artery, hypoplasia, atresia, iatrogenic complications, Diabetes mellitus, periodontitis, gingival crevicular blood, glucometer, fasting blood glucose, Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, metabolic abnormalities, Phytochemicals, carotenoids, anti-inflammatory activity, bioadhesive, Hausner’s ratio, Carr’s Index, drug bioavailability, Rifampicin resistant, treatment initiation, Hamilton Depression Scale, Orthodontic implants, orthodontic anchorage, orthodontics, skeletal anchorage, Hemolytic uremic syndrome, renal failure, dialysis, Pneumococcal invasive infection, plasma exchange therapy, Ovarian teratoma, anti-NMDA receptor, encephalitis, prominent psychiatric symptoms, plasmapheresis, acute psychosis. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical sciences.

  • A Primer to Nutrigenomics, Edition 1

    As our understanding of the intricate relationship between nutrition and genetics deepens, nutrigenomics has emerged as a transformative field poised to reshape the future of health and wellness. This book serves as an introduction to the fascinating world of nutrigenomics, where the interplay between diet, genes, and health outcomes is explored in depth.

    In recent years, advances in genomic technologies have unveiled the profound ways in which our individual genetic makeup influences our responses to dietary components. From personalized nutrition to disease prevention, the implications of these findings are vast and far-reaching. As we grapple with rising global health challenges, including obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases, understanding the nuances of nutrigenomics becomes increasingly crucial for developing effective, tailored dietary strategies.

    This volume brings together insights from leading experts in the field, covering a diverse range of topics—from the molecular mechanisms underlying nutrient-gene interactions to the practical applications of nutrigenomics in clinical settings. Each chapter is designed to provide a comprehensive overview while encouraging readers to think critically about the potential of nutrigenomics to transform our approach to health and nutrition.

    As you delve into the pages of this book, we encourage you to reflect on the profound impact that nutrition can have on gene expression and overall health. Our hope is that this exploration ignites curiosity and fosters a deeper understanding of how we can leverage the power of nutrigenomics to improve individual and public health outcomes.

    I invite you to join us on this journey as we unravel the complexities of nutrition and genetics, and together, seek pathways toward a healthier future.

  • Short Question for ICAR JRF, SRF and Assam Public Service Commission along with Answer

    This Book will help those students who are interested in Junior Research Fellowship and Senior Research Fellowship Examination for higher studies in Good institute. When they qualify these examinations, they get good amount money along with study. Apart from these examinations, this book will helpful in getting the Job in Public Service Commission. 

  • Current Research Progress in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of agricultural sciences. The contributions by the authors include varietal improvement, green pod yield, French bean, farmer producer companies, economic performance, capacity building programme, farmer interest groups, supply chain efficiency, inorganic farming, organic farming systems, spiny brinjal, price spread, multi- institutional model, livestock technologies, foot and mouth disease, livestock technologies, Kenya climate-smart agricultural project, open data kit, community interest groups, most vulnerable groups, indigenous Dolichos bean, genetic variability, heritability, additive and non-additive gene effects, soil ecological strategy, soil fertility, endophytic plant growth promoting bacteria, profitable yield, primary technological advancement, categories of adopters, varietal obsolescence, Spanish citrus culture, hermaphroditism, kiwifruit, sex-linked segment, BCE floral model, saline irrigation water, spinach vegetables, enzyme activities, poor quality ground water, varietal changes, categories of adopters, historical evolution, agricultural waste, biofuel production, environmental impact assessments, greenhouse gas mitigation, yellow revolution, oilseed crops, granger causality test, market integration. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of agricultural sciences.

  • How to Train Graduate Students to be Effective Peer Reviewers

    Extensive research on E-peer comments was undertaken by researchers from all over the world. However, no studies were undertaken to compare lecturer e-comments to e-peer comments in order to improve e-peer comments. In addition, the consequences of the lecturer's e-feedback or e-comments on student composition revision and e-peer commenting abilities have received little attention. The primary aim of this research was to examine if the educational strategy of lecturers presenting example e-comments to large groups of students was beneficial in teaching students how to be better e-peer commentators. A comparison of the e-peer comments and the lecturer's e-comments as well as the impact of those e-comments on the writer's revision, was also carried out. Finally, we examined students' views on the program and its consequences. We studied quantitative data from 26 written papers submitted by those who got the lecturer's e-comments, as well as e-peer comments from group members. Additionally, 86 graduate students from two graduate classes answered to questionnaires. The data collected during semi-structured interviews with twenty graduate students were evaluated as supplemental data in order to gain more detailed information for qualitative analysis.

    The current study's findings show that the overall quantity of words written in lecturer and e-peer comments is not statistically significant. Graduate students made more total e-feedback or e-comments on macro/global and micro/local issues than the instructor on their peers' papers. Additionally, while e-peer comments on local concerns were much greater than lecturer comments, there was no statistically significant difference between lecturer and e-peer comments on global issues. However, a statistically significant difference in qualified comment delivery or revision-oriented remarks that encouraged revision was discovered between lecturer's e-comments and e-peer comments on both global and local subjects. The instructor was more qualified when it came to global issues, but classmates were more capable when it came to local matters. Additionally, the study's findings indicated that the lecturer's sample e-peer comments exhibited in the classroom throughout the treatment had a substantial effect on the quality of the e-peer comments. Graduate students throughout the curriculum provided more informed e-comments (revision-focused remarks) on global topics in order to aid one another in enhancing their writing revision. At the same time, it appeared that local communities were underserved. According to the study, there was no statistically significant difference in the effects of lecturer and peer e-comments on writing revision. On the other hand, the difference between the total number of qualified comments and revisions was statistically significant. Graduate students were able to complete significantly more changes than they had anticipated. Finally, graduate students rated the lecturer's e-comment and e-peer comment activities used in the treatments favorably. They confirmed that the e-comment activities assisted them in learning how to write academic papers and improved the quality of their writing. These e-comments aided in identifying areas for correction. The current study demonstrates the benefits of e-peer comment training for graduate students in terms of improving their writing quality and ability to write e-peer comments.

  • Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical science. The contributions by the authors include compound odontome, primary dentition, impacted deciduous, retention of teeth, Atractylodes lancea, anticancer activity, hamster model, cholangiocarcinoma progression, Opisthorchis viverrini induced CCA, sigmoid volvulus, Hartmann’s procedure, endoscopic decompression, elective sigmoid resection, anatomical variations of the sternum, xiphoid morphology, sternal foramen, acupuncture, UV photonic energy, biophotonic treatment, hemoglobin A1c, oxygen saturation, ACE Inhibitors, cardiac biomarker, acute coronary syndrome, creatine kinase-MB, acute myocardial infarction, cardiac biomarkers, emphysematous urinary tract infections, emphysematous pyelitis, kidney ureter bladder, computed tomography, caloric responses, Bárány’s convection theory, videonystagmography, electronystagmography, head thrust test, breast cancer awareness, breast self-examination, radiation therapy, public health issue, educational workshops, surgical site infections, oral and maxillofacial surgery, negative pressure wound therapy, fluid therapy, preoperative washing, preoperative skin preparation, surgical antibiotic prophylaxis,  incisional wound irrigation, surgical site infections, oral and maxillofacial surgery, body washing, laparoscopic surgery, carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum, post-operative pain, executive attention network, orienting network, optogenetics, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, multiple sclerosis, transcranial magnetic stimulation, nutrition education, pharmacological interventions, aplastic anemia, iron-vitamin link, iron deficiency anemia, nutritional anemia. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of medicine and medical science.

  • Challenging Issues on Environment and Earth Science Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of environment and earth science. The contributions by the authors include global photosynthesis, sedimentary organic matter, CO2 assimilation, photorespiration, oscillatory pattern, facial isotopic shifts, temporal isotope differences, environmental factors, ecological compensation point, human pancreas, diabetes mellitus, acute pancreatitis, tectonic vortexes, volcanism, seismicity, Coriolis force, global tectonics, earth dynamics, magma upwelling, climate change, land–atmosphere interaction, clouds, diurnal cycle, snow cover, prairies, land-use development, hydrometeorology, bioethanol’s plan, fuzzy logic, environmental sustainability, epipelic algae, lotic system, ecosystem services, place theory, environmental perception, postmodern urbanism, urban biosphere reserves, nest placement, nesting patterns, habitat. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of environment and earth science.

  • Recent Developments in Chemistry and Biochemistry Research Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of chemistry and biochemistry. The contributions by the authors include biological profiling, chemical profiling, water quality analysis, robust machine learning technique, random forest model, rapid miner studio, organic pollution, alum-thermal process, multifunctional nanocomposites, wear-resistant nodes, dynamic microhardness, isothermal titration calorimetry, molecular docking simulations, isothermic calorimetric titrations, microvascular complications, biochemical evaluation, anthropometric measurements, diabetic neuropathy, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, UPLC methodology, molindone, ultra-performance liquid chromatography system, antipsychotic drugs, rietveld refinement, thermogravimetric analysis, differential thermal analysis, differential scanning colorimetry, MAS NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, organic chemistry experiment, common laboratory techniques, recrystallization, liquid-liquid extraction, eco-friendly adsorption, methyl red dye, biodegradable sea shells, isotherm approach, lanthanum, lanthanum dioxycarbonate, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, analytical method validation, ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid, lipopolysaccharide, gram-negative bacterial infections, fluorescence microscopy, density functional theory, naphthaldehyde appended furfural, non-covalent interactions, conductor-like polarisable continuum model, molecular dynamics, minimal inhibitory concentration. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of chemistry and biochemistry.

  • Recent Advances in Mathematical Research and Computer Science Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of Mathematical Research and Computer Science. The contributions by the authors include Bayes’ theorem, multiplication rule, probabilities, Integrodifferential equations, nonlinear evolution equation, nonlocal initial condition, fixed point theorem for a sum of operators, pseudoblocks, modules, endomorphism algebra, Marker set of a graph, M-set distance matrix, M-set distance Laplacian, characteristic polynomial, M-set distance eigenvalues, univalent functions, Bernardi operator, fractional derivative, linear operator, q-derivative, Measure of entropy, measure of cross-entropy, primal problem, dual problem, continuous variate distribution, concave function, convex function, discrete variate probability distribution, flow graph, matrix algebra, linear equations, cascade graph, graph order, path ordinal, path-set, quantum communications, neuronal networks models, multiple interferometry, primality testing, Riemann zeta function, factorization, platonic world, savant syndrome, distributed computer networks, information security, security analysis, Supercomputer, performance, benchmark, IBMPower8, HPC, Parallel Computing, cognitive radio, correct detection(hit), signal detection, degree of separability, Information technology, cloud computing. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Mathematical Research and Computer Science.

  • Business, Management and Economics: Research Progress Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of Business, Management and Economics. The contributions by the authors include surveillance capitalism, data privacy, electronic transactions, privacy-by-design, corporate responsibility, organizational leadership, digital transformation, knowledge management, industrialisation, economic growth, gender and development framework, ecological feminism framework, gender-sensitive technologies, African continental free trade area, sustainable economic progress, international trade dynamics, GDP growth, economic resiliency, Philippine development plan, theory of comparative advantage, new trade theory, vector autoregressive model, industrialization, trade diversification, economic development, bank management, mergers and acquisitions, bank failures, microfinance, women empowerment, financial inclusion, socioeconomic development, women’s autonomy, gender bias, gender development index, economic empowerment, poverty alleviation, financial knowledge, money management skills, global entrepreneurship monitor, liberal feminism, gender-focused policies, customer experience, petro retailing, Indian fuel retail. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of Business, Management and Economics.

  • New Ideas Concerning Science and Technology Vol. 11

    This book covers key areas of Science and Technology. The contributions by the authors include Wigner distribution function in time optics; time solitons; tomography of optical pulses; fractal fourier transformations; pulse chirp amplifier, Daylight simulation; field measurements; percentage difference, Ecotect 2011 daylight analysis software, Tuberculosis; basic reproduction number; global stability; prevalence; CD4 Cells; immune defciency; optimal control; optimality; HIV, Lyapunov-Lasalle methods, Speech; database; corpora; lexicon; speech synthesis; linguistics; natural language processing, Iron; liposomal technology; metabolic; supplements; vitamins, Pd(PPh3) 4; indazole; anticancer activity; HCT-116; MDA-MB-231, Adsorption; thymine; uracil; glycine; ß- alanine; dl-aspartic acid; dl-lysine; dl-serine; leucine; clay minerals; metal cyano complexes; chemical evolution; origins of life, Theoretical layer thickness; graphite content; lubricant; Kudo’s friction number, Apoptosis; microbial pathogens; infection; therapy, E-health monitoring; channel data rate; medical record; patient; low power devices, Pottery; gemstone; vibration; identification; algorithm; smart device, Sparsely gauged watershed; runoff; atmospheric-hydrologic process; WEHY-HCM. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Science and Technology.

  • Scientific Research, New Technologies and Applications Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of scientific research, new technologies and applications. The contributions by the authors include Farsi typography, Farsi fonts, grid stability, renewable integration, electricity quality issues, grid modernization, cross-border electricity trade, instant rice production, supercritical carbon dioxide, rehydration, recoverable hydrocarbon reserves, hydrocarbon production, wound dressing material, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, vector model standardization, dual DSP cod, Krizaic DSP method, robotic conjet technology, peristaltic flow, perturbation, Newtonian fluid, endoscope, homotopy perturbation method, Darcy-Forchhiemer effect, Grashof number, concentric annulus, couple stress fluid, asymmetric channel, genetic algorithm, scale invariant feature transform keys, statistical texture feature, image forgery detection. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of scientific research, new technologies and applications.

  • Current Approaches in Science and Technology Research Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of science and technology research. The contributions by the authors include knowledge transfer, sustainable development, local government, service operations, empirical application, optimization approach, data envelopment analysis, orbit determination, estimation theory, particle filter, GPS measurements, orbital perturbations, resident’s attitudes, sustainable management, social climate, successive chain, isotopes, nuclei of helium, stability, cooperation of nuclides, nucleons, gas absorption, packed column, packing material, perlite, geopolymer, air pollution, phytomonitoring, functional modeling, psychostimulants, precise localization method, mobile robots, automating cargo management, manufacture environment, contamination, river, bio-indicator, pollution index, speech translation, speaker, steps for speech recognition and classification, visual design, visual art, poster advertising, outdoor advertising, graphic design, design of poster. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of science and technology research.

  • Pharmaceutical Research: Recent Advances and Trends Vol. 10

    This book covers key areas of pharmaceutical research. The contributions by the authors include induced liver damage, hepatocytes, liver-related disorders, hepatoprotective assay, serum biochemical parameters, drug-loaded niosomes, nanocarrier-based system, non-ionic surfactants, multilamellar vesicles, polyhedral niosomes, micro-fluidization technique, lipid injection technique, reverse phase evaporation technique, film hydration method, bubble technique, minimum bactericidal concentrations, banana blossom, total phenolic content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration, gene therapy, polymeric nanoparticles, solvent evaporation, reverse salting-out method, ionic gelation method, Deprungsith formulation, herb-drug interactions, psoriasis, cell cycle arrest, Wanachawee recipe, solubility enhancement techniques, poorly soluble drugs, precipitation method, new chemical entities, hot-melt (fusion) method, nanosuspension, media milling, cryogenic techniques, ultra-rapid freezing, kneading method, microwave irradiation method, crystal engineering, pharmaceutical mini-tablets, biphasic delivery systems, wet granulation, melt extrusion technique, immediate-release medication, sustained release coated mini tablet, hard gelatin capsules, oral drug delivery, forced degradation, limit of detection, alkali degradation, photolytic degradation, fractional factorial design, doxofylline core tablets, pore-forming agent, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of pharmaceutical research.

  • Relativistic Tests do not Falsify Euclidean 3-geometry of Continuous Space-matter

    The Ancient Greeks presented to philosophers both material space (Plato first said in Timaeus “space and matter are the same”) and Euclidean 3?geometry for this space. Developing Aristotelian ideas of the spatial plenum?continuum, Descartes formulated “Philosophiae Naturalis” for his vortex matter?extension in 1644, well before the 1676 concept of point matter in “Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica” of Newton. Later, the Newtonian model of material points in immaterial empty 3?space was adopted by the special (1905) and general (1915) theories of relativity that led to curved 3?space, non?physical singularities and sophisticated metric constructions with black holes.

    The Euclidean geometry of 3?space is one of the premier examples of the synthetic a priori knowledge of Immanuel Kant. He consistently suggested the inner core of massive stars in the Euclidean Milky Way and in external nebulae, including the Andromeda nebula. However, today the relativistic physics of point masses became unable to describe their interaction in flat space. Leading experts insist that the Schwarzschild metric with curved 3?space is a robust benchmark for General Relativity (GR) due to precise measurements of predicted post?Newtonian corrections. Despite the fact that Euclidean space and Kant’s cosmology are very unpopular with modern relativists, I try to remind by this book that any experiments can only falsify theoretical calculations but never justify them before competing theories (thanks to Karl Popper). Cartesian matter?extension can be described in the same metric terms of Einstein’s theory but without the Schwarzschild solution and singularities. Moreover, the curved space? time with Euclidean 3?space of extended masses can quantitatively explain all known GR tests, as well as the absence of SQUID accelerometers and gravitational analogues of the Aharonov?Bohm effect. Instead of a positive (measurable) matter?extension of Descartes, Newtonian space is filled everywhere by negative (immeasurable) gravitational energy. And this negative (non?existing in reality) energy?potential still controls the motion of positive kinetic energies in contemporary textbooks as a “divine action?at?a?distance”. Such a palliative of empty space with postulated negative energies does not a more advanced ontology than Ptolemy’s model with postulated epicentres of planetary motion. The Plato?Aristotle?Descartes continuum of kinetic space?matter with positive energy densities together with quantum nonlocality of material extensions in Euclidean 3?space may provide more reliable references for relativistic geometrisation of material fields, including the nonlocal unity of the quasi?equilibrium solar system.

    These training chapters for advanced students reiterate the introductory math formalism for extended masses DOI: 10.4236/jmp.2012.310181) and precede the next level tutorial “Pure field electrodynamics of continuous complex charges” for the 4th? and 5th?year students at the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (Moscow: MIPT, 2015, ISBN 978?5?7417?0554?4, https://search.rsl.ru/ru/record/01007979504). Below we will discuss quantitatively that the curved space?time 4?interval of any probe particle does not contradict the flat non?empty 3?space, which, in turn, assumes the global material overlap of continuous masses or the nonlocal Universe with universal Euclidean geometry. Particle’s time is a chain function of particle’s displacement or the physical velocity and this time differs from the proper time of a motionless local observer. Equal passive and active relativistic energy?charges are used to comply with universal free fall and the Principle of Equivalence in non?empty (material) space, where continuous radial densities of elementary energy?charges obey local superpositions and the nonlocal organization. The known precession of planetary perihelion, radar echo delay, and gravitational light bending can be quantitatively explained by the singularity?free metric without deviating from Euclidean spatial geometry. The flat?space precession of non?point orbiting gyroscopes is non?Newtonian one due to the Einstein dilation of local time within the Earth’s radial energy?charge, and not due to unphysical warping of Euclidean space.

  • New Visions in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 10

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical science. The contributions by the authors include Gasparyan technique, rheumatic valve disease, mitral valve, method of total autologous, aging, reaction times, cognitive demands of walking, dual-task performance, ceramic endocrown, posterior minimal invasive restorations, alginate impression, surgical crown lengthening, trans rectal ultrasonography, carcinoma prostrate, digital rectal examination, 10-core biopsy; 16-core biopsy, odontogenic cysts, surgical decompression, keratocyst, marsupialization, enucleation, exstrophy-epispadias complex, GU-anomaly, imperforated anus, classic bladder exstrophy, radical soft tissue mobilization, dyslipidemia, educative session, non-communicable diseases, diabetes control and complications trial, hypospadias with intact prepuce, surgical treatment, iatrogenic hypospadias, Mathieu’s perimeatal flap, external urethral meatus, tubularised urethral plate urethroplasty, urethrocutaneous fistula, megameatus intact prepuce, pyramid procedure, hemostasis, dental practice, Willebrand disease, vascular disorders, fibrinolytic defects, immune thrombocytopenic purpura, antithrombotic therapy, fresh frozen plasma, fixed prosthodontics, mock-up fabrication techniques, temporary prosthesis, preliminary mockup, digital smile design, full mock-up. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of medicine and medical science.

  • Language Recognition System: An Application Based Study with Special Reference to Sociolinguistics and Computational Linguistics

    The sign language is developed with an intention to communicate with mute people. In the case of English or Tamil, there is a common grammatical pattern for the usage of the language. But in the case of the sign language, there is no specific grammatical pattern. Different hand gestures and body languages are used to convey a single concept in different places. Meanwhile, in order to communicate, they use the linguistic properties of a language. There is a misconception that all sign languages are same throughout the world. But, in fact, they are unique. The sign language has variations in different regions on the basis of its vocabulary and grammar. The sign language differs in different countries and even at certain places within a country. Such a phenomenon can be experienced in the case of dialectical variations of spoken languages. The mute community of southern region of India, especially Tamil Nadu, uses Tamil Sign Language (TSL) and English Sign Language (ESL) for communication purposes. The primary focus of this research is to develop a recognition system for deaf and dumb people using image processing technique. However, it seems that, the proposed gesture recognizer is a complete sign language recognizer.

  • Mathematics and Computer Science: Contemporary Developments Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of mathematics and computer science. The contributions by the authors include fractional brownian motion, fractional normal distribution, Ito stochastic integration, maintenance costs, pensions funds, stochastic processes, Poisson process, Wald’s equation, asset-liability management scheme, fund equilibrium, stochastic network, Poisson arrivals situation, liability behavior representation, Riemann’s hypothesis, modified X-square function, induction principle, Euler-Maclaurin formula, core function framework, NP-complete problem, Boolean monotonic functions,  twin primes, moussa ouannas, nanomedicine applications, nonlinear reaction-diffusion systems, drug delivery control, chemotaxis, reaction-diffusion system, Turing instability, magnetic nanoparticles, Patlak–Keller–Segel approach, pattern formation, Brinkman model, multi-diffusive convection, linear stability analysis, normal mode method, visual motor imagery, feature streamlining, brain-computer interface. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of mathematics and computer science.

  • Selected Topics in Humanities and Social Sciences Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of humanities and social sciences. The contributions by the authors include cultural administration, personal integrity, intellectual apartheid, religious reform, accepting uncertainty, preservice kindergarten teachers training, teacher education, student teachers, mentor teachers,  plyometric exercises, speed abilities, gender differences, neuroticism, critical pedagogy, social and global responsibility, value creation, global citizenship, child welfare, foster families, social work, policy making,  aesthetics, metaphorical play, philosophy, problem-based learning, focus group, macroeconomics, ownership structure, data envelopment analysis, stock Exchange, social justice, medical facilities, Post-apocalyptic, dystopian, posthumanism, forensic dentistry, forensic odontology. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of humanities and social sciences.

  • Mathematics and Computer Science: Contemporary Developments Vol. 10

    This book covers key areas of mathematics and computer science. The contributions by the authors include symmetric spaces, Riemannian Manifold, Lie groups and Lie algebras, topological manifold, student’s interest in geometry, use of mathematical software, students' learning and success, image denoising issues, K-SVD Method, Gaussian additive noise, tarnished image, Bayesian treatment, microfinance institutions, artificial neural networks, financial distress, multlayer perceptron networks, traffic share loss, competitive internet networks, Markov chain model, user behaviors, quality of service, kinematics, angle trisection problem, Eometer’s sketch pad, trisector design, geometer’s sketch pad, cancer incidence classification, Bhopal gas tragedy, health data, tobacco-related cancer, non-tobacco-related cancer, data mining, medical science, convective mass transfer, catheter-based drug delivery systems, Newtonian fluid, detour self-decomposition, corona product, Kolmogorov equations, asymmetric markov chains, state graph, energy system reliability. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of mathematics and computer science.

  • Issues and Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 10

    This book covers key areas of Medicine and Medical Research. The contributions by the authors include adenoid cystic carcinomas, pulmonary tumor, cytology, hyaline globules, histolopathology, ultrasound sonography, polymorphisms, sickle cell Anemia, cerebrovascular accidents, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus, opportunistic infections, reversed palmaris longus, trifid insertion, mycotic arterial aneurysm, microbiology, ruptured mycotic arterial aneurysm, visceral aneurysm, infected arterial aneurysm, vascular surgery, endovascular surgery, Developmental dental anomalies, impacted teeth, odontoma, balanced reciprocal translocation, distal trisomy, acute appendicitis, appendectomy, C-reactive protein, scleotherapy, thrombophlebitis, hyperpigmentation, blood coagulation, operative neuralgia, Ilioinguinal nerve preservation, unani medicine, dietotherapy, pharmacotherapy, chronic periodontitis, carcinoma, alveolar bone loss, bleeding index, periodontal index, tooth mobility, anemia, obesity, hemoglobin, nosocomial infection, antibiotic resistance, bacterial isolates, antibiotic susceptibility, foetal tachycardia, leucopenia, pregnancy, rdiovascular autonomic neuropathy, insulin resistance, blood lipid profile, cryo-globulin, immune-fixation, normo-globulin, pyro-globulin, cryoglobulinemia, schizophrenia, Inflammatory markers, neutrophil lymphocyte ratio, platelet lymphocyte ratio, premature rupture of membranes. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  Medicine and Medical Research.

  • An Overview of Literature, Language and Education Research Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of literature, language and education. The contributions by the authors include disruptive sleep disorders, parasomnias, insomnia, mental time travel, neuropsychological approach, episodic memory, ambivalent alliance, Plutarch’s lives, caesarians, conditional alliance, Ashworth’s teaching styles, Mosston’s teaching styles, physical education pedagogy, total visual impairment, conceptual fields, student competency, project-based learning, education chemistry, pupil assessment, road safety reimagined, accident prevention, innovative educational interventions, musical element recognition, body movement analysis, 3D motion capture, chess skills, blindfolded tactics, pattern recognition. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of literature, language and education.

  • Gasdynamic Elements of Dispersive Medium

    This work presents aspects of motion theory of the gaseous continuous medium at essential influence of dispersion effects, related to the medium microstructure or to the presence of own force fields of an electromagnetic or gravitational nature. The exact stationary solutions of non-linear equations in vicinity of transition fronts and in the shape of solitary waves – “classical” and “particle-like” solitons are analyzed in details. We demonstrate capabilities of building various gasdynamic models – starting with acoustic theory of relativity and supercritical analogue of the special theory of relativity up to model of the Newtonian dark matter and microstructural turbulence model. Common conformities of investigated processes are illustrated by a number of examples taken from gasdynamics and physics.

  • Business, Management and Economics: Research Progress Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of business, management and economics. The contributions by the authors include stock market development, monetary policy rate, autoregressive distributed lag, efficient markets hypothesis, capital asset pricing theory, capital market theory, Markowitz pricing theory, credit-to-deposit ratio, financial intermediary size, error correction model, consumer price index, augmented Dickey-Fuller test, scientometric analysis, digital financial inclusion, psychosocial safety climate, occupational mental health, hierarchical linear modelling, self-rated health, work-family conflict, job satisfaction scale, occupational embedding scale, structural equation modelling, VOSviewer software, digital financial solutions, impact of nomination, nomination and remuneration committee, corporate financial performance, resource dependency theory, return on assets, firm assets, return on equity, electronic fraud, deposit money banks, point of sales fraud, personal identification numbers, good project governance, public-private partnership, project intellectual capital, financial crisis, debt risk, financial turbulence, cost of credit intermediation, mortgage-backed securities, Mahalanobis practice, workforce diversity, discrimination challenges, decision making, diversity-equity-inclusion. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of business, management and economics.

  • Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical science. The contributions by the authors include biliary tract, cystic duct, cystic malformation, kidney disease, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, micro vessel density, Fuhrman grade, histopathology, ultrasound, liver lesions, benign tumor, malignancy, color Doppler method, cytopenia, hemolytic anemia, leukopenia, lymphopenia, pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus, thrombocytopenia, gestational diabetes mellitus, normoglycemia, dysglycemic and postpartum, immunity, immune proteins natural, local infectious disease, electrical storm, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator, catheter ablation, drug utilization, prescribing pattern, antibiotics, lubricants, antibiotics, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, stimulants, tricyclic antidepressants,  therapeutic activity, infectious pathologies, vaccination, coronary heart disease, acute coronary syndrome, left ventricular dysfunction, psoriasis,  inflammatory skin disease, liver fatty acid-binding protein, hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatocellular adenoma, immune-histochemical staining, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, obesity, histology. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical science.

  • Internet of Things for Mechanical Engineers, Edition 1

    The Internet of Things (IoT) is rapidly transforming the landscape of mechanical engineering, creating opportunities for smarter, more connected, and efficient systems. What once relied on manual oversight and scheduled maintenance now thrives on real-time data, predictive analytics, and automation. Mechanical engineers, traditionally focused on the physical properties of machines, must now integrate digital technologies into their designs, processes, and operations.

    This book, "Internet of Things for Mechanical Engineers," is designed to bridge the gap between the world of traditional mechanical engineering and the ever-evolving IoT landscape. As IoT technologies continue to revolutionize industries like manufacturing, robotics, and automation, it is crucial for engineers to understand the fundamentals of IoT and how these technologies can be applied to mechanical systems.

    Throughout the book, we delve into the core principles of IoT, starting with the basics of sensors, actuators, and data acquisition. From there, we explore the communication protocols and data processing methods that allow IoT devices to interact seamlessly across networks. Practical applications such as smart manufacturing, predictive maintenance, and robotics are discussed in detail, providing real-world examples of how IoT is reshaping mechanical engineering. We also address the security and privacy challenges associated with IoT systems, ensuring that engineers are equipped to handle the complexities of modern digital infrastructure.

    What sets this book apart is its focus on the practical applications of IoT for mechanical engineers. While the technological underpinnings of IoT are complex, we present the material in a clear and accessible way, with numerous diagrams, tables, and real-world case studies to illustrate key concepts. Whether you are an experienced engineer looking to expand your skill set or a student preparing for a future in a rapidly changing industry, this book will provide the knowledge and tools needed to navigate the intersection of IoT and mechanical systems.

    As we move further into the era of Industry 4.0, the integration of IoT into mechanical engineering will become not just an advantage but a necessity. We hope this book will serve as a valuable resource for engineers seeking to harness the power of IoT and unlock new possibilities in their work.

  • Osteoporosis and Urinary N Telopeptide

    Osteoporosis is the most common bone disease found among the population of both the developing and the developed countries. Osteoporosis causes compromised bone architecture and increased risk of fracture. The incidence of osteoporotic hip fracture is on a step increase. There are many ongoing researches in the field of Orthopaedics, as conventional radiographs cannot accurately measure the bone loss, which has led way for a non-invasive investigation in measuring the bone mineral content of various parts of the skeleton. At present DEXA scan is the most accurate and valuable method available for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. Even though DEXA scan has various advantages there are some disadvantages associated with it. Fracture risk should be assessed with quality and quantity. Since there are significant limitations to the current ‘gold standard’ DEXA test, considerable research is going to find a better study to replace DEXA.

    Serum calcium, serum phosphorus, serum Parathormone, serum alkaline phosphatase, vitamin D3, urinary N- telopeptide, serum N telopeptide, hydroxyproline are some of the biochemical markers which have direct or indirect relationship to bone metabolism osteoporosis and fracture. These biochemical markers are considered superior as any change in bone metabolism could cause a significant variation in its blood or urine values N- Telopeptide (NTx) has been explored as a specific and sensitive marker of bone resorption. NTx is the stable degradation end product, which could be measured both in the serum and urine .The urinary excretion is not affected by diet, and therefore shows less variation than the conventional markers. Bone density as measured by DEXA provides a static snapshot of bones and doesn’t distinguish whether bone loss is ongoing or not. But urinary N -telopeptide is a dynamic measurement of what is actually happening in bone at any given time. The normal reference value of urinary N- telopeptide in post-menopausal age group reference value was taken from European population but no reference value was available for the Indian population. So finding out a reference value for our Indian population becomes inevitable.

    One of my priorities is to promote osteoporosis early diagnosis and to make themselves and their families healthier. Health professionals can also make significant improvements in our Nation’s bone health by proactively assessing, diagnosing, and treating at-risk patients and then helping them apply this scientific knowledge in their everyday lives. Over the past 5 years, I have worked to improve the early and cheap diagnosis of osteoporosis and to ensure that individuals can access, understand, and use health-related information and services to make appropriate health decisions. I am encouraged by the participation of so many people in developing this report, and I would like to thank them for their willingness and eagerness to assist us in gathering the best scientific information available.

  • A Practical Hand Book for Biotechnology, Microbiology & Biochemistry, Edition 1

    Biotechnology, Microbiology, and Biochemistry are evolving sciences that have transformed research and industry across various sectors, including medicine, agriculture, pharmaceuticals, and environmental management. As these fields advance, so does the need for accessible, practical guidance to navigate the complex experimental protocols that define them. A Practical Handbook for Biotechnology, Microbiology, and Biochemistry is designed to fill this need by providing a reliable resource for students, researchers, and professionals alike.

    This book stems from the idea that hands-on laboratory experience is just as critical as theoretical knowledge. For learners, it offers an entry point into experimental design and execution, while for seasoned professionals, it serves as a detailed reference guide for optimizing protocols and troubleshooting. The structured, step-by-step approach outlined here enables readers to perform complex techniques with confidence, from the isolation of nucleic acids and protein purification to microbial culture and biochemical assays.

    The handbook is organized into three sections, each dedicated to one of the core disciplines—biotechnology, biochemistry, and microbiology. These sections are interconnected, reflecting the interdisciplinary nature of modern life sciences, and each chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the foundational principles before delving into the methodology. Throughout the book, readers will find well-defined instructions for critical laboratory techniques, reinforced by best practices for ensuring reliable and reproducible results.

    In writing this handbook, we aimed not only to provide methodologies but also to instill a deeper understanding of their scientific relevance and practical applications. High-throughput screening techniques, for example, are becoming increasingly vital in industrial and academic research, and our inclusion of these protocols reflects their growing importance. Additionally, the inclusion of safety guidelines, reagent preparation protocols, and data analysis methods makes this handbook a well-rounded companion for laboratory practice.

    Ultimately, this book serves as a bridge between academic training and practical application in research settings. Whether you are new to the laboratory or looking to refine your skills, we hope this handbook will empower you to navigate the world of biotechnology, biochemistry, and microbiology with greater clarity and proficiency.

  • Challenging Issues on Environment and Earth Science Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of environment and earth science. The contributions by the authors include earthquakes prediction, physical model, earthquake condition, earthquake precursor, precursor time formula, groundwater quality, alkalinity, aerosols particles, trace metals, total petroleum hydrocarbons, fecal coliform, informal settlement, pit latrines, marine pollution, marine life, marine science research, environmental protection, ecosystem, excessive pollution, biodiversity, economic sustainability, environmental sustainability, poverty reduction, natural resources, social sustainability, illicit fishing, biodiversity, ecosystem services, wastewater treatment, water reuse, multifunctional land use, Continental drift, plate tectonics, seismic studies, geospheres, plate tectonics, silicate rocks, celestial body. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of environment and earth science.

  • Planting Media and Growth Regulators on Regeneration of Pineapple Seedlings from Crown Leaf Buds, Edition 1

    The works of this book are intended for the general audience, farmers, researchers, environmentalists, scholars, agricultural extension personnel and most importantly the youth, women and emerging entrepreneurs who can convert the demonstrated technology into a profitable venture. The writing of this book was inspired by the challenges faced by pineapple farming communities in ASAL areas of Kilifi County in the Coastal region of Kenya. The authors in the course of their careers happen to have worked both as lecturers, researchers and extension workers in diverse regions of Kenya. The interactions with farmers in the pineapple growing fields exposed a lot of shortcomings farmers have to overcome to ace a living. This created a vineyard for collaboration and initiation of farmer-initiated, farmer-managed and farmer-driven research. One of the most interesting findings in this collaboration was the fact that demand for organically produced pineapples encouraged farmers to sustain shift cultivation as a pineapple production system at the expense of the existing natural ecosystems. With the untapped potential of niche soils and vegetation for pineapple production standing at over 2,000ha in the Magarini Sub-County and 20,000ha in the whole of the Coastal region of Kenya, the pineapple value chain is considered a sleeping giant. With a seed rate requirement of 25,000 seedlings per hectare, the millions of seedlings needed to satisfy this demand is a big business. It is this reality that prompted the Pwani University Pineapple Research Team to find ways of empowering the local farmers with a self-service technology that assures faster and cheaper method of regenerating clean pineapple planting material from pineapple crown leaves, hitherto a waste hazard in most dump sites.  It is envisaged that adoption of this technology will revolutionise pineapple farming in Kenya.

  • Advanced Aspects of Engineering Research Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of engineering research. The contributions by the authors include  lateral-torsional buckling, freestanding circular arches, metal fatigue, random loading, rainflow, miner summation, spectral methods, fuzzy cognitive maps, mathematical approach, common test platform, manufacturing test, aerospace manufacturing, manufacturing test data, microencapsulation, antibacterial, chitosan, textile substrates, vehiculization, nanofibers, sandwich structures, drug-delivery, diffusion coefficients, membranes, core manufacturing simulation data, visualization, test optimization, glass ceramics, IR transmission, microstructure, bio-diesel fuel, durability, stir casting, microstructure analysis, casting technique, Kaolinite reinforcements, risk-based index, severity function, power system security, speech recognition, speech enabled IVR artificial bandwidth extension, narrow band coding, conducting polymer, nanocomposites, nanoparticles, nanocluster, bit error rate, signal to noise ratio, MIMO Technique, trellis coded modulation, 5G communication.This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of engineering research.

  • Transforming Farms Role and Impact of Agricultural Mechanization, Edition 1

    In the annals of human history, few developments have reshaped societies as significantly as the mechanization of agriculture. From the simple tools of early civilizations to the complex machinery of the modern era, the progression of agricultural technology reflects humanity's transition from basic subsistence farming to a highly interconnected global food network.

    In this preface, we embark on a journey through time, exploring the pivotal role of mechanization in agriculture. From the humble beginnings of the plough to the precision technologies of modern tractors and harvesters, each innovation has reshaped the landscape of farming, unlocking new frontiers of productivity and sustainability.

    As we delve into the realm of agricultural implements and equipment, we are confronted with a rich tapestry of ingenuity and innovation. Behind every plough, planter, and harvester lies a story of human ingenuity, driven by the relentless pursuit of efficiency and excellence.

    Through the pages that follow, we will unravel the complexities of agricultural mechanization, exploring the myriad implements and equipment that form the backbone of modern farming. From soil preparation to harvest processing, each tool plays a vital role in the intricate dance of planting, nurturing, and harvesting the bounty of the land.

    But beyond the nuts and bolts of machinery, we will also delve into the broader implications of mechanization in agriculture. From its impact on labour dynamics to its role in shaping rural economies, the ripple effects of mechanization extend far beyond the confines of the farm gate.

    In the pages that follow, we invite you to join us on a journey through the history, technology, and impact of agricultural mechanization. As we navigate the past, present, and future of farming, may we gain a deeper appreciation for the transformative power of innovation in shaping the world's most ancient profession.

  • Cutting-edge Research in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 10

    This book covers key areas of agricultural sciences. The contributions by the authors include climatic variation, tropical forest, photosynthesis, kaempferols, leaf wounding, ABA application, plant treatments, agronomical characterization, correlation, maize, mutation breeding, propagation, ethnobotanical assay, mycorrhiza association, rainfall variability, forecast models, genetic resources, germplasm, phenotypic diversity, antioxidant, agricultural technology, technology transfer, agro chemistry, productivity, land reform programme, out-grower farmer, sugarcane, small scale farming, out-grower agricultural support, input subsidy program, resistance, susceptibility, micronutrients, agricultural soils, bioavailability, heavy metals, speciation, total metals. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of agricultural sciences.

  • Disease and Health Research: New Insights Vol. 11

    This book covers key areas of research and perspectives in disease and health. The contributions by the authors include knowledge, attitude, and practices, public health programs, gut microbiome dysbiosis, therapeutical approaches, fecal microbiota transplantation, cesarean delivery, short-chain fatty acids, Crohn's disease, inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, inhaled atmospheric nanoparticles, pathological disorders, indoor nanoparticles pollution, gout disease, hyperuricemia, cultural perspectives, health-seeking behavior, cultural competency, mental, neurological, and substance use, MNS disorders, cultural adaptation therapies, psychosomatic diseases, narrative nursing, acute myeloid leukemia, nutritional environment, glial senescence, senolytics, Parkinson’s disease, astrocytic \(\alpha\)-synucleinopathy, neurodegenerative disorder, conversion disorder, rational-choice theory, neurosis perspective, intentional forgetting, retrieval-inhibiting mechanisms. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of research and perspectives in disease and health.

  • Theory and Practice of Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 11

    This book covers key areas of mathematics and computer science. The contributions by the authors include guard channel, dynamic channel, fixed channel, spectrum, joint entropy estimation, conditional entropy estimation, mutual information estimation, concomitants of order statistics, best linear unbiased estimator, Lindley distribution, morgenstern type bivariate Lindley distribution, axisymmetry, graph invariant, shifts of feature locations, mental rotation, microcontroller, leaf sensor, phase sensor, multipath routing, single shortest path, load balancing, multiple paths, path selection, traffic distribution, Bioequivalence test, Three-arm four-step clinical trial, Z-Chi Square method, biological algorithms, data mining and clustering techniques, ant colony optimization clustering algorithm, K-Harmonic Means Clustering algorithm, matrix multiplication, ST-coloring, ST-chromatic number, ST-span, ST-edge span, global positioning system, geocoding engine, location listener, location intelligence, Tikhonov method, constrained linear equations, closed ranges, real Hilbert spaces, Randi? spread, Randi? matrix, Riemann's hypothesis, positive integers, Möbius's function, finite exponential functional series, finite exponential functional progressions, Lindelof's hypothesis, Filtered Derivative, False Discovery Rate, semi supervised clustering, PSO algorithm, image segmentation. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of mathematics and computer science.

  • Disease and Health: Research Developments Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of disease and health. The contributions by the authors include social health insurance, consumption-stimulation function, cooperative medical scheme, difference-in-differences approach, osteodystrophy, osteitis cystic fibrosa, metabolic disorder, parathyroid hormone, breast cancer, autism, non-infectious disease, disease causing factor, play therapy, children's behavioural issues, pre-primary education, filial therapy, Forkhead box-O proteins, \(\alpha\)-Klotho, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, insulin-IGF-1/PI3K/AKT signalling, multifactorial disease, awareness of cancer, information education and communication, non-communicable diseases, health education activities, maternal deaths and disabilities, maternal mortality ratio, confidential inquiries into maternal deaths, postpartum depression, spouse participation, binary coping, father's postpartum depression, hypertension, hypertension management, coronary heart disease, non-pharmacological treatment. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of disease and health.

  • Global Trends in Orthodox and Traditional Treatment of Selected Infectious and Non-infectious Diseases

    This book covers dealt with global trends in orthodox and traditional treatment of Selected infectious and non-infectious Diseases. The contributions by the authors include medical treatment, traditional medicine, global traditional treatment, hypertension, infertility, malaria, natural treatments, epilepsy, ayurveda, synergistic effects, antimicrobial activity, toxic metals, mosquito-borne parasitic illness, orthodox practices, Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy, folkloric medicine, antioxidants, antiplasmodial properties, dehydration, etiological agent, physiological efficacy, antifungal and antibacterial activities, antibiotics, drug-resistant tuberculosis, tubercular lesions, sexually transmitted diseases, infertility treatments, Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection, hatching, vaginal mucus, homeostasis, immunotherapy, biological therapy, exorcism,  fumigation, hepatocarcinoma, medicinal plants, experimental therapies, herbal treatment, Coronavirus., biomedicine, mucolytic drugs, anticholinergics. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians.

  • Current Progress in Arts and Social Studies Research Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of arts and social studies. The contributions by the authors include political administrative systems, sustainable development, church leadership, good governance, contextual contingency, metatheoretical homogeneity, scientific pluralism, scientific monism, social isolation, elderly people, social support, depression, self-initiated expatriates, theory of behavior, social impact enterprises, socially integrative enterprises, paradox theory, evolutionary trajectory, conventional organizational viewpoints, expatriate management theories, resource-based view, international mobility dimensions, skill enhancement, meta-individual world theory, integral individuality, dual systems, Merlin's theory, art dance, young adolescents’ attitudes, rhythmic sports gymnastics. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of arts and social studies.

  • Advanced Aspects of Engineering Research Vol. 10

    This book covers key areas of engineering Research. The contributions by the authors include  public transport, subsidy, transport services, sliding bearings, vibrations, fuzzy logic, vibration spectrum analysis, battery management system, voltage balancing, multiple model, fault diagnosis, performance degradation, command input strategy, reference models, climate change, evapotranspiration, irrigation water requirement, mechanical properties, rolled products, cold heading, bolted metal products, storage tanks fabrication, entrepreneurial risk, diversification process, diversification strategy, integration, die attach process, measurement tool, non-conductive adhesives, energy coal mixtures, physico-chemical properties, mineralogical analysis, hygroscopic moisture content, polyaniline, carbon nanotube, nanocomposite, cadmium sulphide, electrical transport, critical pressure, hydrocarbons, carbon atoms, molecular formula, blast domination number of a graph, triple connected domination number of a graph, triple connected graph, wind energy, PV module, energy storage system, pulse width modulation. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of engineering Research.

  • Current Approaches in Engineering Research and Technology Vol. 10

    This book covers key areas of engineering research and technology. The contributions by the authors include NOx emissions, GasTurb simulation software, intercooled combined cycle gas turbine engine, performance simulations, computer vision, separating silkworm eggs, silkworm egg dispenser, national power grid, internal and external vulnerabilities, European EEA, energy security, Ranque Hilsch Vortex Tube, unigraphics, artificial neural network, novel wavelet ANN method, Park’s transformation, discrete wavelet transform, feed forward artificial neural, fault diagnosis, fluid dynamics simulation, ANSYS CFX mode, Reynolds number, Navier-Stokes equations, mineral biomass, water treatment, capacitor coupled substation, controllable network transformer, bidirectional power flow, external ferroresonance suppression circuits, MATLAB/Simulink, hydro power plants, discharge measurement techniques, small-scale hydropower efficiency, current meter method, Winter-Kennedy method, multilevel voltage-fed inverters, space vector pulse width modulation, fast fourier transform, total harmonic distortion, automated fiber placement, laser assisted heating, flexural strength, automated tape laying. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of engineering research and technology.

  • New Insights into Physical Science Vol. 13

    This book covers key areas of physical science research. The contributions by the authors include entropy, quantum interference, low-voltage distribution, grid automation, smart circuits, smart grid convergence, monogamy inequality, shareability, quantum correlations, information technology, face recognition, local binary pattern histogram, Joule-Lenz energy, quantum electron transitions, electromagnetic energy emission, variational iteration adomian decomposition method, laplace variational iteration method, modified variational iteration laplace transform method, new modified Kamal variational iteration adomian decomposition method, metallic plasma model, stabilized Jellium model, Ab-initio model, metallic surfaces, electron density parameter, neutrino mixing matrix, leptogenesis, probability, QRS detection, floating point multiplier. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of physical sciences.

  • Contemporary Research and Perspectives in Biological Science Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of biological science. The contributions by the authors include trematode infections, global climate change, freshwater snails, larval behaviour, cold plasma, spoilage of food, pathogenic microflora, non-thermal plasma, chicken waste manure fertilizer, growth of Vigna aconitifolia, organic waste decomposer, intestinal waste, spirometra, polymerase chain reaction, cloning, papain hydrolysates, in vitro cancer inhibition, oyster mushroom, MTT assay, fishery limnology, ornamental fish trade, sport fishing and citizen science, aquaculture development, bio-enzymes, synthetic fertilizer, bio cementation, acidic soil, growth stimulator, vitamin C concentrations, cowpea vegetable, mistletoes, golden shower, cassia fistula, gossypol toxicity, anaerobic rumen fungi, volatile fatty acids, Neocallimastix frontalis, gossypol-receptors complex. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of biological science.

  • Advanced Aspects of Engineering Research Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of engineering research. The contributions by the authors include   multi-level inverter, phase disposition, total harmonic distortion, Unified power quality conditioner, dynamic voltage restorer, distribution static, total harmonic distortion, competitive agglomeration, fuzzy c-means, fuzzy learning vector quantization, railway signalling, code refactoring impact, software quality, software component, automatic code transformation, downdraft gasifier design, specific gasification rate, gasifier efficiency, throatless gasifier, equivalence ratio, sustainable energy, social infrastructure, solar energy, bio-energy, renewable energy business incubators, oil-in-water emulsion, polymeric films, suspended loads, vibration, dynamic model, elastic beam, celiac disease, sensors, nanofibers, nanorods, base pressure, nozzle pressure ratio, passive control, two-phase ejector, expansion device, air conditioners, coefficient of performance, construction delays, data collection integration system. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of engineering research.

  • A Concise Book of Pharma Career Paths after Graduation, Edition 1

    In the rapidly evolving field of pharmacy, graduates face a multitude of career paths and opportunities that can be both exciting and overwhelming. " A Concise Book of Pharma Career Paths after Graduation" aims to provide clarity and direction for new pharmacists as they embark on their professional journeys.

     This book serves as a comprehensive resource, exploring the diverse roles available in various sectors, including community pharmacy, hospital settings, the pharmaceutical industry, academia, and regulatory affairs. Each chapter is designed to highlight essential skills, emerging trends, and practical insights that will empower graduates to make informed decisions about their careers.

    Recognizing the importance of mentorship and networking, we also address common doubts and provide guidance on effective career planning. Our goal is to inspire confidence and equip readers with the tools they need to navigate their unique paths in the pharmacy profession.

    As you embark on this journey, we hope this guide serves as a valuable companion, illuminating the many possibilities that await you in the world of pharmacy. Your future is bright, and the contributions you will make to healthcare are invaluable. Welcome to the next chapter of your professional life!

  • Glossary of Molecular Biology Terms

    In this glossary, more than 1500 technical terms from the fields of molecular biology are defined allowing the user to find and understand the terms and concepts encountered in books and articles related to molecular biology. The need to publish this lexicon which has become, in my view, more than a necessity in the context of the evolution of this scientific field which, over the past 20 years, has been characterized by a rapid development. This glossary is aimed at a wide audience: students in molecular biology, biotechnology, genetic engineering, microbiology and agronomy as well as all those who wish to deepen their knowledge in this field.

  • Oral Manifestations of Systemic Diseases in Children, Edition 1

    The intricate relationship between systemic diseases and oral health is both fascinating and complex, particularly in the pediatric population. Children, with their developing immune systems and rapidly growing bodies, can often exhibit early signs of systemic illnesses in the oral cavity. These manifestations, though sometimes subtle, may serve as important indicators of underlying health issues that require prompt diagnosis and management.

    In this book, Oral Manifestations of Systemic Diseases in Children, we explore the profound ways in which systemic conditions influence oral health and how dentists and healthcare providers can work collaboratively to ensure comprehensive care for pediatric patients. This text aims to bridge the gap between pediatric medicine and dentistry, highlighting the necessity for an integrated approach when evaluating oral symptoms in children.

    As medical science continues to evolve, the significance of early diagnosis in improving health outcomes becomes increasingly clear. In the context of systemic diseases, oral manifestations often provide vital clues that can guide clinical management and improve quality of life. Our goal in writing this book is to provide a resource for clinicians, researchers, and students, equipping them with the knowledge necessary to recognize these signs and take appropriate action.

    Throughout this book, we delve into a wide range of systemic diseases—from metabolic disorders and immunodeficiencies to endocrine dysfunctions and hematologic conditions—that can present with oral symptoms. Each chapter has been carefully crafted to provide a comprehensive understanding of the diseases discussed, the oral presentations commonly associated with them, and the implications for treatment.

    I hope this book serves as a valuable tool for healthcare professionals seeking to deepen their understanding of the oral-systemic connection in children. The knowledge presented within these pages has the potential to make a significant impact on the early detection and management of pediatric systemic diseases, ultimately contributing to better health outcomes for young patients.

    Thank you for embarking on this journey with us. May it inspire a greater appreciation of the vital link between oral health and systemic well-being in children.

  • Cutting-edge Research in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of agricultural sciences. The contributions by the authors include regulated deficit irrigation, water use efficiency, deficit irrigation, food security, non-conventional food resources, preliminary phytochemical screening, adoption, agroforestry practice, taungya farming system, dairy production systems, fermentation, convenience foods, sensory evaluation, food processing method, Seed priming, salt stress, imbibing, vigor index, halopriming and hydropriming treatments, germination, ecosystem dynamics, forage production, osmopriming, dry matter digestibility, crude protein, biostimulant, chemical fertilizers, fertigation system, agricultural productivity, seed bank, rainfall variability, moisture stress, agronomic traits, harvest index. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of agricultural sciences.

  • Basics of Infertility, Edition 1

    Infertility is one of the diseases which comes into the picture after marriage. A newly married girl's dreams get shattered when she faces infertility. Suddenly she finds herself in a big turmoil. Society always blames females more than males.

    Before marriage, she never realized that her life could become so challenging because of infertility. Our family members, in-laws and society start giving sarcastic comments. So many rituals in families do not allow infertile women to participate. So many patients suffer from domestic violence and physical abuse.

    The reason for writing this book was so that readers even non-medical personnel can get the basic idea about infertility. This book is written in very simple language and is easy to understand.

    Mr Milad Mohammedzadeh Asl is doing his PhD on infertility and was very excited to write his first book.

    In this book historical background of infertility, etiology, and pathogenesis are covered in a systematic manner.

    A simple awareness about assisted reproductive technologies is mentioned. All techniques of assisted reproductive technologies e.g. IUI, IVF-ET, and ICSI are mentioned in brief.

    Medicolegal aspects in infertility treatment are also mentioned in this book.

    Last but not least the importance of timely referral of patients to proper infertility setup is also discussed.

  • New Ideas Concerning Science and Technology Vol. 12

    This book covers key areas of science and technology research. The contributions by the authors include wireless Communication, Reed-Solomon codes, Bose–Chaudhuri–Hocquenghem codes, fractal education/consciousness, scientific orthodoxy, haric level, real gas, supercritical fluid, bond energy, equilibrium constant, bioterrorist, anthrax spores, bacteriological weapons, phonics method, fuzzy logic controller, buck boost converter, onion planter, intercropping system, weed management, dry matter production, soil fertility, cropping systems, pressure gradient, begs and brill traverse, gas liquid ratio, liquid holdup, multiphase fluid flow, reservoir modelling, ensemble Kalman filter, genetic algorithm. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of science and technology.

  • Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical science. The contributions by the authors include cancer-associated adipocytes, CD8+ and CD45RO+ T lymphocytes, gastric cancer, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, periodontal ligament, periodontal ligament associated protein-1 (PLAP-1)/asporin, leucine-rich repeat domain, collagen fibrillogenesis, essential tremor, tremor treatment, multi-modal nutritional therapy, low gamma-aminobutyric acid tone, L-tryptophan/vitamin B pathways, mediterranean diet, neural reconfiguration, mindfulness-based stress reduction, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, self-regulation of attention, experience-oriented focus, labor analgesia, pain during normal vaginal delivery, multiparity, severity of hearing and visual impairment, quality-of-life, deaf-blindness, inherited autosomal recessive disorder, cancer genetics, therapeutic approaches, immunotherapy, liquid biopsies, tumor heterogeneity, next-generation sequencing technologies, amelogenesis imperfecta, defects in mineralization, genetic disorder, developmental disorder, regenerative endodontic procedures, regeneration of pulp-dentin, nitric oxide-releasing biomimetic nanomatrix gel, antibacterial efficacy, immunoglobulin G antibodies, Plasmodium falciparum, malaria immunity, vaccine development, serum thyroid hormone levels, polytrauma, traumatic brain injury, free T3-T4 hormone, audiological rehabilitation, hearing impairment, cochlear implants, group rehabilitation. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of medicine and medical science.

  • Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical research. The contributions by the authors include type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiomyopathy, oxidative stress, norepinephrine, endoplasmic reticulum stress, unfolded protein response, varicocele testis model, liver transplantation, canine model, intermediate filaments, cytoskeleton, hepatocytes, sepsis, leukocytes, cell population data, obstructive jaundice, pancreatic head cancer, pre-operative biliary drainage, post-operative outcomes, ondansetron, bradycardia, receptor antagonist, cardiac effect, mandibular overdenture, alzheimer disease, biomass, photoreceptor, human photosynthesis, water dissociation, metabolism, giant fibroma, hysterectomy, Boey score, pathogenesis, peptic ulcer, prognostic factors, urea breath test, scrotal reconstruction, squamous cell carcinoma, hidradenitis, hypermetabolism, resting energy expenditure. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical research.

  • Pharmaceutical Research: Recent Advances and Trends Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of pharmaceutical research. The contributions by the authors include HPLC methods, electrospray ionization, solid-phase extraction, liquid-solid extraction,  caffeine analysis, near-infrared spectroscopy,  Aegle marmelos polysaccharide, natural matrix former, advanced drug delivery systems, DSC spectra, UV spectrophotometric method, Maidenhair fern, androgenic alopecia, nephrolithiasis, NP-mediated drug delivery, multidrug resistance, rheumatoid arthritis, epidermal growth factor receptor 2, somatostatin receptors, lipid nanoparticles, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, neurofibrillary tangles, oral floating beads, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, gastric residence times, floating drug dosage systems, colloidal barrier systems, alginate beads, emulsion gelation method, febuxostat, hyperuricemia, gouty arthritis, accurate drug measurement, liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, personalized medicine, therapeutic drug monitoring, Bayesian estimation, point-of-care testing, expanded monitoring targets, pharmacogenomics integration, paraffin oil adulteration, FTIR spectroscopy, Beer-Lambert law. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of pharmaceutical research.

  • Epigenetic Sensitisation of Chemotherapeutic Compounds in Non- Small Cell Lung Cancer

    This book dealt with epigenetic sensitization of chemotherapeutic compounds in non- small cell lung Cancer. The contributions by the authors include epigenetic sensitization, non-small cell carcinoma, cloning, chemotherapy, epigenetic drugs, extracellular vesicles, cancer, migration, oxidative stress, lung cancer, public health, squamous cell carcinomas, adenocarcinoma, air pollution, immunocompromisation, HIV, pancreatic cancer, epigenetic drugs, chemotherapeutic agents. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians.

  • A Philosophical Approach to the Psychological Model of Phonosemantics, Edition 1

    The world around us is filled with mysteries. While some have been unraveled, countless others continue to challenge our understanding. These lingering mysteries inspire my curiosity and drive me to explore them in depth. Why, we may wonder, are some mysteries still beyond our reach? The answer often lies within the limits of our scientific knowledge, which does not yet encompass all dimensions of experience. Expanding these limits is essential—and here, philosophy provides valuable insight. Often considered the mother of all sciences, philosophy guides us where empirical science leaves questions unanswered. Ancient Indian philosophy suggests that all sciences are rooted in a fundamental principle: the relationship between cause and effect. Everything within nature operates under this unified principle of cause and effect, which can be regarded as the essence of nature itself.

    This fundamental relationship between cause and effect connects all disciplines—cosmology, physics, biology, and psychology. Recognizing this universal principle became the foundation of my own journey. While it may be ambitious to say I’ve fully achieved my goal, glimpsing this relationship has enabled me to develop a model based on these insights. I have applied this model to the fields of cosmology and psychology, publishing several peer-reviewed papers. Recently, I extended this model to explore how biological signals, or phonemes, correlate with psychological interpretations. Through publications, including a paper in Springer, I presented this model as a framework for understanding phonemes and their psychological significance.

    This book expands on those initial publications, addressing key aspects of the subject and clarifying questions that arose following the release of my papers. Using the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), I provide detailed psychological interpretations of each phoneme, proposing a method to decode the prevailing meaning of words. I have applied this model across various languages, animal sounds, and even physical objects, finding it universally applicable. In addition, I have addressed some key questions that may be raised by modern linguists, including issues such as the use of identical names for different objects, different names for the same object, tests of falsifiability, chain shifts of phonemes, language fixation, morphophonology, patterns of intonation, and more. Regardless of the sound source, these interpretations, as visualized in the model, act as a bridge to intellectual understanding, illustrating how language connects sound and thought within a universal framework.

    At last, I humbly submit that the pursuit of knowledge is an infinite journey, one that always holds potential for further refinement and improvement. While I have endeavored to cover all essential aspects of this subject, there may still be questions that remain open or areas that invite deeper exploration. I welcome any queries from readers and would be glad to engage in dialogue to clarify or expand upon any points.

  • Newest Updates in Physical Science Research Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of physical science research. The contributions by the authors include bulk modulus, micro-hardness, semiconductors, electro-negativity, glass ceramic, radioactive waste, crystallization temperature, crystalline phase, ladder-type four-level system, time-dependent resonant three-step absorption, time-dependent perturbation theory, three different light pulses, acoustic optics, Bragg diffraction, spatial filters, Raman diffraction, MATLAB, superfluid helium, boiling, recovery heat flux, two-fluid model, heat and mass transfer, superconductivity, magnetism, magnetic force, curie point, Gill’s electronic theory, complex normed space, generalized angle, complex Hilbert space, energy literacy, assessment framework, physics education, artificial neural network, fault detection, fault classification, transmission line, distance protection, driver fatigue, alerting effect, clustering, differential entropy. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of physical science research.

  • Transgenderism, Schizophrenia and Neurosis: Brain Abnormality or Coping Mechanisms?, Edition 1

    Many studies demonstrate that transgender individuals experience serious emotional, behavioral, and physiological problems. Nevertheless, this behavior is considered by the Diagnostic-Statistical Manual (DSM), the most influential diagnostic reference in the world, as a normal sexual behavior. The reason for this misdiagnosis is correlational studies, which report that the brains of transgender people resemble their gender identity rather than their birth sex. However, extensive research, reviewed in Chapter 1, reveals that this claim lacks a scientific base. Moreover, this theory cannot explain several cardinal problems, such as the dramatic increase in the prevalence of this behavior, evidence indicating that this effect is strongly linked with social media and data suggesting that transgenderism, anorexia nervosa, and dissociative-identity disorder (DID) share common characteristics. 

    This book demonstrates that the inadequacy of the neurological explanation of transgenderism is a symptom of an acute theoretical crisis in psychopathology. This effect became prominent, particularly following the fall of psychoanalysis, which amplified the pseudo-scientific belief that the brain is the key to understanding behavioral disorders. While in the past this myth was limited to the explanation of psychosis, today it has spread to the entire spectrum of behavioral disorders. However, growing evidence challenges the validity of this explanation even with respect to schizophrenia. Examples include the fact that a significant percentage of schizophrenic patients display no brain abnormalities; the failure to identify a neurological defect specific to schizophrenia; and that many patients recover from this disorder without pharmacological intervention. In contrast, like gender-affirming hormone therapy for transgender individuals, medical intervention in schizophrenia comes with a wide range of harsh consequences. Yet, the scientific reputation of this theory remains intact.

    Accordingly, in an attempt to resolve this theoretical crisis, a new theory,  the Psycho-Bizarreness Theory (Rofé, 1989, 2000, 2002, 2010; Rofé & Rofé, 2020, 2021), which like Freud focuses on the understanding of bizarre/mad behaviors, is presented. This theory demonstrates that bizarre behaviors, such as transgender, neurosis, and psychosis, share several common empirical diagnostic criteria, which distinguish them from other behaviors. These behaviors are rational coping mechanisms, which some individuals intuitively adopt when confronted with an intolerable stressful situation and alternative options are either unavailable or too costly. People rationalize these behaviors, either by deceiving themselves that they suffer from a serious illness, thereby attributing their underlying causes to factors beyond their control (e.g., spiritual possession, the unconscious, and neurological impairments), or by a self-deceptive excuse that their behavior is normal and necessary for their own well-being and/or the social interest. Robert Aumann, the Nobel Prize-winning economist, noted that Psycho-Bizarreness Theory, “revolutionary as it sounds, fits well into the frameworks of economics, game theory and evolution” (Rofé & Rofé, 2020).

    A multi-case study consisting of 30 case studies of bizarre behaviors, of which 20 cases are presented in this book and the rest in previous publications (Rofé, 2010; Rofé & Rofé, 2020), strongly support this theory. All these cases, consisting of nearly the entire spectrum of bizarre behavioral disorders (e.g., schizophrenia, panic disorder, agoraphobia, anorexia nervosa, dissociative identity disorder, OCD, and transgenderism), shared five major diagnostic criteria and the same etiology. Like a consumer's decision-making process, the choice of a specific disorder in these cases was determined by an individual’s need to exercise control over their stressor, the availability of suitable means, and cost-benefit analysis. The dramatic increase in the prevalence of eating disorders and DID occurred because of their dissemination in mass media. Now the data suggests that the popularity of transgenderism is due to social media's sanctioning of pseudo-scientific neurological studies. While the short-term consequences of transgenderism make it the most effective and cheapest pathological coping mechanism, the irreversible long-term consequences make it even more expensive than schizophrenia.

    An additional advantage of the new theory is its ability to integrate all therapeutic methods pertaining to bizarre behaviors, including psychoanalysis, religious therapy, CBT, and drugs, under one theoretical roof. The theory suggests a new therapeutic method, Rational-Insight Therapy (RIT), which aims to induce patients’ awareness of the underlying causes of their maladaptive behavior, mainly by removing their self-deceptive beliefs. Simultaneously the therapy enhances the patient’s coping skills. In line with findings indicating that de-transitioned participants became much less gender dysphoric, and much happier than they were during their period of trans-identification, it seems that RIT can be effective for transgender people as well. 

    Chapter 1 of this book concerns the theoretical crisis in psychopathology. It reviews studies and clinical data regarding transgenderism and summarizes the main data that challenge the validity of traditional theories of psychopathology. Chapter 2 presents the essence of psycho-bizarreness theory and employs a multi-case study to demonstrate the validity of this theory. Chapters 3 and 4 introduce the sophisticated processes by which these people deceive themselves and an integrative therapeutic model as a curative solution.

  • Cutting-edge Research in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of agricultural sciences. The contributions by the authors include bioresource technology, vegetative growth, microbial population, herbicide, zinc deficiency, crop physiology, bio-fortification, breeding, translocation factors, micronutrient, agronomic practices, climate change, cassava yield, rainfall variability,  tapping systems, active metabolism, tapping panel dryness, rubber productivity, economic efficiency, simulation model, risk management strategy, groundwater management, Stochastic efficiency, certainly equivalent, seed treatment, NaCl sorting, seed infestation, germination, seedling vigor, concentration index, food security, thermal soil amendment, organic priming, cation exchange capacity, wilt complex, hybrids, hatch and carry technique, pollination, antimicrobial activity, antibiotics. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of agricultural sciences.

  • Research Perspectives of Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of microbiology and biotechnology. The contributions by the authors include bacteriocin, lactic acid bacteria, bio-preservation, bacterial antagonism, agar well diffusion method,  mupirocin susceptibility, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, MRSA nasal carriage, antimicrobial potential, bacterial strains, fungal strains, synergic effect, antifungal drugs, antifungal susceptibility testing, minimum inhibitory concentration, antioxidant activity, phytochemicals, thin layer chromatography detection, DPPH-free radical scavenging assay, Folin-Ciocalteau method, mastitis pathogens, California mastitis test, alkylphenol degradation, biodegradation, alkylphenol polyethoxylated, rhizosphere microorganisms, well-fermented coffee, flavor profile, bacteria diversity, novel fermentation techniques, camel meat product, nutritional quality, value chain, therapeutic benefits, yoghurt made from soya bean, sensory evaluation, health beneficial effects, free radical scavenging activity. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of microbiology and biotechnology.

  • Newest Updates in Physical Science Research Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of physical science research. The contributions by the authors include remote sensing, multichannel imaging, DCT-denoising, vectorial (three-dimensional) filtering, BM3D-based processing, reference, quality criteria, waste battery powder, leachants, electrochemical properties, health screening, pre-malignancy, malignancy, biomarker, tumour related-marker, DC-traction, energy efficiency, power quality, braking energy recovery, on board energy storage, wayside energy storage, reversible substation, magnetic nanowire, electrodeposition process, Anodic Aluminum Oxide, magnetic properties, nanostructures, nanoparticles, ZnO semi-conductor, X-ray diffraction, scanning, electron microscope,  cosmology, Einstein’s elevator, canonical form of the metric, autoregressive Integrated moving Average model, optical waveguides, proton exchange, IR spectroscopy, phase composition, mechanical stress, kinetic energy, photoelectron, photodetachment cross sections, electron affinity, Lorentz-bubble potential models, interferometric technique, piezo-optic and elasto-optic coefficients, acousto-optic efficiency, langasite and catangasite crystals. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of physical science research.

  • Geography, Earth Science and Environment: Research Highlights Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of geography, earth science and environment research. The contributions by the authors include irrigated landscape ecosystems, transect walks, millennium ecosystem assessment, sustainable ecosystem, Sisili-Kulpawn irrigation, rain-fed landscape, structural deformation patterns, strike-slip fault system, Wadi Shueib structure, Amman-Halabat structure, dead sea transform fault, digital elevation models, regional tectonic setting, horsetail geometry, pharmaceutical micropollutants, drinking water treatment plants, gas and liquid chromatography, polar organic chemical integrative sampler, hydrophilic-lipophilic balance, advanced oxidation processes, granular activated carbon, anthropogenic metal analysis, environmental quality investigation, atomic absorption spectrometer, heavy metal pollution index, ecological risk index, human health risk assessment, nitrate-contaminated groundwater, methemoglobinemia, total suspended solids, cost of cultivation scheme, largest impact crater, arc-shaped Langshan, digital aerial images, normalized difference vegetation index, principal component analysis, maximum likelihood classifier, simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation, response surface methodology, design of experiment approach.  This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of geography, earth science and environment research.

  • Current Advances in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of chemistry and biochemistry research. The contributions by the authors include neuroendocrine tumor, degradation derivative, impurity identification, tandem mass spectrometry, microwave irradiation, eco-friendly reactions, biological activity, mono and bimetallic nanoparticles, capping effect, HPTC fingerprinting, antioxidant bioefficacy, Signal transduction, molecular vibration, resonance recognition, infrared radiation, molecular interaction, toxicity, anti-diabetes, desulfurization, homogeneous catalysis, Zipf’s Law, Proteoforms Numbers, Biomarkers, High-grade Glioblastoma, two-dimensional electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, environmental epigenetics, epigenetic marks, signal integration, molecular mechanisms, Schiff bases, metal complexes, antimicrobial activity, antitumor activity, nonlinear optical properties. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of chemistry and biochemistry.

  • The Role of Periodontal Maintenance in Long-Term Dental Health: A Guide to Supportive Periodontal Therapy, Edition 1

    “The Role of Periodontal Maintenance in Long-Term Dental Health: A Guide to Supportive Periodontal Therapy” is a summary of periodontal and dental health during the periodontal maintenance phase. This book broadens knowledge at the postgraduate level in addition to being relevant to undergraduates. Students who are taking exams will benefit from the topic "Supportive Periodontal Therapy," as it is one of the most pertinent ones from an examination standpoint.

    This book has been compiled by specialists in the field of dentistry. For me, writing this book has been an amazing trip. I began this endeavor in 2022 with the express intent of sharing what little I knew. But as time went on, a large number of dentists and periodontists became interested in this endeavor. Their upbeat vibes motivated me to continue. We have attempted to include the most recent notions while keeping in mind the recent advancements in our field. Finally, I would like to convey my best wishes to all the readers of this book. I hope that after reading this book, you will be able to put the ideas it explains into practice.

  • Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 12

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical research. The contributions by the authors include organ shortage, altruism, donation, people’s behavior, share life, anthropometry, body fat, heart rate, blood pressure, ocular thelaziasis, thelaziasis, zoonotic disease, psychosomatic gynecology, sexuality, conception, ovarian insufficiency, infertility, abortions, pregnancy loss, laparoscopy, fibroids, myomectomy, diabetes mellitus, edentulism, nutrition, field-cycling, Magnetic resonance Relaxation Dispersion Imaging, relaxation-dispersion, haemangioma, vascular lesions, thrombocytopenia, consumption coagulopathy, physical modality, physiotherapy, manual therapy, lasertherapy, magnetic field, myofascial pain, cervicogenic headache, tension type headache, kinesiological analysis, subacute pan encephalitis, neurovascular syndrome, autoimmune vasculitis/angiopathy, empty sella syndrome, platybasia, hyponatremia, adult intestinal obstruction, internal hernia, pancreatitis, peripartum acute abdomen, transmesenteric hernia, wireless sensor network, ciphertext policy attribute-based encryption, sensing circuit, mhotspot, left atrial appendage, thrombus, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant status, breast cancer, radiotherapy, hepaticojejunostomy, biliodigestive anastomosis, mechanical stapler, pancreatoduo-denectomy. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical research.

  • Recent Developments in Chemistry and Biochemistry Research Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of chemistry and biochemistry. The contributions by the authors include Stobbe condensation, solvent–free synthesis, green method , substituted dicarboxylic acids, nano chip system, photochromic studies, nanotechnology, quantum dot fluorescence, atomic force microscopy, biosensors, genetic sequencing, carbon nanotubes for cancer diagnosis, polymerase chain reaction, pyranoanthocyanins, anthocyanin derivatives, type A vitisins, wine aging process, antibacterial screening, benzenesulfonylation, spectroscopy, wood biochar, adsorption, heavy metal pollution, electroplating, mining operations, hypertension, lung damage, renal dysfunction, ionic exchange, adsorption, electrochemical deposition, reverse osmosis, electro-dialysis, electrochemical reduction, ultrafiltration, solvent extraction, electrical conductor, eugenol-based polymers, self-replicating smart nanorobots, polymerization of monomers, pyranoanthocyanin formation, high-performance liquid chromatography, circular dicroism, eugenol-based polyacetylenes, neurodegenerative disorders, organic water pollutants, semiconductor catalyst, Gibbs free energy, natural reductants, lawsonia inermis linn leaf, corrosion resistance, electroless nickel, anti-obesity drugs, vita slim, glycine solubility, Van't Hoff equation. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of chemistry and biochemistry.

  • New Horizons in Education and Social Studies Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of education and social studies. The contributions by the authors include learning technology, Concept of skill, skill acquisition an embryo, Dreyfus model, Art and design, creativity, heuristics, ideas and concept generation, material culture development, translation, terminology, language, ethnocentrism, cultural identity, consciousness, social exclusion, mental health, stigma, Spinoza' Politics, political thought, color features, color mixing, harmonious relationship, mathematical model, art and design, , urban space, literary texts, E-Learning, teaching effectiveness, teaching and learning tools, Spinoza’s political and religious philosophy. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of education and social studies.

  • Contemporary Research and Perspectives in Biological Science Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of biological science. The contributions by the authors include pest management strategies, wettable powder formulation, traditional Chinese medicine, avian influenza, canine diseases, marecipe AV, African swine fever, parvovirus infection, malathion-induced changes, electrophoretic banding patterns, aquatic ecosystem pollution, circadian rhythm, rat myocardium, hyperventilation, respiratory alkalosis, heat stress, temperature humidity index, \(\alpha\)-Amylase enzyme, size exclusion chromatography, solid-state fermentation, amylase-producing microorganisms, dinitrosalicylic acid method, mental illnesses, cognitive behavioral therapy, transcranial magnetic stimulation, forced swimming test, genome-wide association studies, noradrenalin deficit theory, sleep-related disorder theory, HPA-axis alteration, particulate organic matter, zooplankton food sources, bacterial biomass, retained particulate matter, mesozooplankton diet, putative food sources, therapeutic plants, traditional medicine, eczema, dysentery, diarrhea, metabolites, clinical microbiology. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of biological science.

  • Thermal Energy Storage Systems: Design and Applications

    This book dealt with thermal energy and its application. The contributions by the authors include design of thermal energy system, solar energy, CO2 emissions, thermal power, thermo-chemical storage, phase shifting materials, heat storage, renewable energy, renewable technologies, hydropower, hydro technology, climate change, thermocouple process, gravity-generated thermocouple, greenhouse gas emissions, endothermic reactions, photovoltaic panels, industrial waste, toxicity, chemical stability, conductivity, carbonization, proton-exchange membrane. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians.

  • Current Research Progress in Physical Science Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of physical science. The contributions by the authors include chronology protection, physical universe, Hawking’s chronology protection conjecture, closed timelike curves, null energy condition, dominant energy condition, Raychaudhuri equation, asymptotically flat causality violation, classical causality theorem, medicinal plants, SEM-EDX techniques, FTIR techniques, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, quasi-exactly solvable operators, QES Jacobi Hamiltonian, polarimetric fiber sensor, BSO crystal, fiber Bragg gratings, free spectral range, thermoelectric cooler, robust sliding mode synchronization, dumbell satellite system, sliding mode control, exponential synchronization, dust velocities, flatness of stars, Fowler-Nordheim tunneling, vertical optimization method, metal oxide semiconductor, FN parameters, ferroelectric materials, high-power density piezoelectrics, piezoelectic coupling, 1D heat transfer model, Laplace transform approach, 3D thermal conductivity tensor. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of physical science.

  • Current Research in Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of agriculture and veterinary sciences. The contributions by the authors include climate change, erosion, mangrove ecosystem, formulated feeds, genetically improved farmed tilapia, fish feed, feed conversion ratio, feed efficiency, camel’s milk, antioxidative factors, burrowing behavior, larvae, plasma concentration, metamorphosed newts, digestibility, rumen fluid characteristics, livestock, sustainability index, chicken pepsin, internal bonds, viscoelasticity, microstructure, animal model, endoscopy, gastric ulcer, ethno-veterinary practices, animal health management, medicinal plants, antibiotics, fasciolopsis, cattle slaughter, tenderness prediction, meat colour and tenderness, trained visual panel, visual analysis. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of agriculture and veterinary sciences.

  • Current Research Progress in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of agricultural sciences. The contributions by the authors include transit temperature storage conditions, shelf-life studies, computerized texture analyzer, fruit bio-yield point, fruit quality, single-based fertilizers, compound fertilizers, callosobruchus maculatus, plant-derived grain protectants, cashew kernel oil, cowpea bruchid, synthetic insecticides, pirimiphos methyl powders, stakeholder analysis, strategic partnership, memorandum of understanding, perishable products export control board, South African avocado growers association, ross breeders association, seed quality parameter, zinc sulphate foliar spray, radish seed quality, foliar micronutrient supplementation, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, seed priming, bioformulation, soil-specific efficacy, mechanised rice planting, weeding equipment, Keitt mango varieties, global value chains, weather parameters, Sunshine (hr), front line demonstrations, single node seedlings, pro tray technology, congenial microclimate surrounding. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of agricultural sciences.

  • Mathematical Modeling: With Applications in Physics, Biology, Chemistry, and Engineering, Edition-2

    Mathematical modeling helps us to understand the interaction between the components of biological and physical systems and prediction of the future of these models. Basically, building a mathematical and computational model needs to perform different experiments and obtain different data which depicts the evolution of system. These models transform all the information into a system of ordinary differential equations to do more analysis based on some mathematical useful tools and are flexible to analysis. Dynamic systems modeling has been frequently used to describe different biological and physical systems and has a very important role in predicting the interactions between multiple components of a system over time. A dynamical system describes the evolution of a system over time using a set of mathematical laws. Also, it can be used to predict the interactions between different components of a system. There are two main methods to model the dynamical behaviors of a system, continuous time modeling, discrete-time modeling. When the time between two measurements is negligible, the continuous time modeling governs the evolution of the system, however, when there is a gap between two measurements, discrete-time system modeling comes to play. Ordinary differential equations are the tool to model a continuous system and iterated maps represent the discrete generations.

  • Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical science. The contributions by the authors include oral mucosal changes, argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region counts, papanicolaou staining, obesity subtypes, short-term weight loss, vertical sleeve gastrectomy, caesarian section, vaginal birth after caesarian section, elective repeated caesarean section, tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2, mediating adrenomedullin proangiogenic activity, solid tumors, adrenomedullin, human umbilical vein endothelial cells, enhanced chemiluminescence detection system, immunoblotting, HUVECs angiogenesis assay, serum apelin, oxidized LDL, type II diabetes mellitus, reactive oxygen species, quantitative phytochemical profile, GC-MS analysis, antioxidant properties, Dennettia tripetala, leydig cells, seasonal cycle, cytoplasmic lipoidal material, serum LH and testosterone levels, seasonal histomorphological changes, herbal therapy, diabetes mellitus, nano-herbal medicine, natural compounds, Tubercle of Zuckerkandl , thyroidectomy, psychosomatic growth, basal metabolism, calcium metabolism, medical education technology, digital transformation, medical education, virtual classrooms, humanistic medicine, cell cycle, lipid synthesis, cyclin-dependent kinases, DNA damage, genomic instability, mitosis, Rouviere’s sulcus, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, bile duct injuries, cholecystectomy, Calot’s dissection, polyamine metabolism, female reproduction, complicated pregnancy, preeclampsia. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of medicine and medical science.

  • Does the Angel of Death Sometimes Use Solar Alpha Particles to Take Our Souls?

    Our Sun is the source of life-giving energy for our planet.

    Is it possible for the Sun to act in some cases as an executor for humans, causing sudden death in certain circumstances?

    The curious reader with scientific interests will find in the exposition of the book arguments in favor of this statement, based on satellite data and medical statistics.

    The author has made an effort to create a scientifically based hypothetical mechanism explaining the deadly influence of the Sun on people on the planet Earth by the penetration of deadly radiation from the Sun, reaching the Earth surface under certain conditions. Based on the data, the author assumes that these are streams of high-energy positively charged particles, mainly alpha particles. They reach the surface of the planet in the form of relatively narrow short-lived flows and form spots of increased cardiac mortality on the Earth's surface. The proposed hypothetical mechanism explains the limited area of lethal influence on the planet's surface - in a strip parallel to the equator between 30 and 50 degrees north latitude - perhaps the most populated part of the world. The mechanism also outlines latitude-dependent time limits of increased risk during the year for people living at different latitudes in the said strip.

  • Scientific Research, New Technologies and Applications Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of research and perspectives in biological science. The contributions by the authors include artificial intelligence, higher education, personalized learning systems, intelligent tutoring systems, predictive analytics, base heating, external electric field, PV cell performance, pulsed electric field, cell permeabilization, PEF pre-treatment, university hospital development, public value theory perspective, hospital human resources management, fracture mechanics, Weibull analysis, T2052 reliability, linear elastic fracture mechanics, failure assessment diagram, crack detection technology, crack deformation modes, mechanical failure parameters, mangosteen juice, mangosteen peel extract, thermal pasteurization, polypropylene macrosynthetic fiber, reinforced concrete properties, differential scanning calorimetry, Zinc-Blende (B3) phase, spintronics, InP semiconductor, spin transport electronics. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of research and perspectives in biological science.

  • New Insights into Physical Science Vol. 12

    This book covers key areas of physical science research. The contributions by the authors include gravitational waves, seismic antenna, deformation, optimal signal processing, topology, topological graph, nonlinear dynamics, non-conservative orbital systems, Lagrangean systems, quantum physics, electron path, reversible logic, quantum computer, black holes, neutron stars, black stars, gravitational signal, elemental analysis, trace elements, ZrO nanoparticles, photocatalyst, solution combustion method, photodegradation, textile effluents, slow solvent evaporation, X-ray diffraction, nanostructures, energy upconversion, glasses, gravitational telescope, plasmonic effects, angular momentum, solid propellant, SRP combustion, burning rate, thermal environment, quark-gluon plasma. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of physical science.

  • Women Empowerment through Self Help Groups in Suryapet District, Telangana: A Case Study of Anthyodaya Women Mutually Aided Co-operative Thrift Society Limited, Edition 1

    This book is an in-depth study of Self-Help Groups (SHGs) on Women’s Empowerment, specifically focused on the Anthyodaya Women Mutually Aided Co-operative Thrift Society Limited in Suryapet district, Telangana. By examining the operational dynamics and outcomes of the SHG, the study contributes to a deeper understanding of how localized cooperative Models can enhance Socioeconomic status, Promote financial independence, and foster Community Solidarity among women.

    It is very important as the United Nations (UN) has set Seventeen Sustainable Development Goals for all its member countries to achieve by 2030. India is also a member of the UN [India is a charter of the United Nations and participates in all of its specialized agencies and organizations] and it is required to achieve these SDGs by 2030. Literature on SDGs pointed out that India is working on these goals and one of the SDGs addresses Gender Equality with a focus on women empowerment.

    The author identifies the critical gaps and frames the innovative approach and comprehensive analysis with robust data (Primary data) that could lead the new methodologies or applications in the field. Before and after joining the Self Help Groups, Participants reported significant improvement in Self-Confidence, Communication Skills, Decision Making and Social Recognition. This Comprehensive analysis contributes to a better understanding of the role of SHGs in the development of Rural Indian Women.

    The Government of India and the State Government Initiated Several Programmes to promote women's empowerment and rural development through Self Help Groups. To promote the importance of Self-Help Groups functioning improving literacy, living standards and community development. Reducing poverty and creating self-employment.

    This book will be highly valuable for students and scholars in fields such as women's studies, social work, sociology, economics, rural development, and human development, and for those involved with NGOs and Women’s Programmes.

    I sincerely hope that the readers will find the book useful, Suggestions and Positive Criticisms for enhancing the utility of the book are welcome. We are thankful to BP International Publishers of India for their interest, encouragement and cooperation, and for making my effort successful by publishing this book.

  • New Ideas Concerning Science and Technology Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of science and technology research. The contributions by the authors include  behavioral intention, Grab Pay, dynamics of rotors, slide bearings, technical diagnostics, machine tools, milling machines, multi-coordinate drives, computer simulation, informational justice, procedural justice, public sector organizations, Pearson product moment correlation, Chi-Square test, sustainable infrastructure, transportation, sea level rise, storm surge, physical transportation, quasi compression, edge-loading, mineralization, biodegradation, volatilization, non-flooded soil, ultrasonic velocity, compressibility, molecular interaction, adiabatic compressibility, thermodynamic parameters, de-clustering characters, adhesion strength, conservation, In situ moisture conservation, water management practices, pedagogy. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of science and technology.

  • Disease and Health Research: New Insights Vol. 10

    This book covers key areas of disease and health research. The contributions by the authors include high blood pressure, nutritional therapy, sodium restriction, adiponectin, age-related macular degeneration, adiponectin gene, potential genetic biomarker, intestinal parasite infestations, highly active antiretroviral therapy, symptomatic and asymptomatic HIV patients, dengue fever, common arboviral infections, dengue seropositivity, ELISA, breast cancer, attitudes and practice, Moroccan nurses, hormone replacement therapy, healthcare safety product, contamination risks, safety of healthcare products, quality control, family environment, parent-child attachment, democratic parenting style, internet addiction disorder, cognitive behavioural therapy, depression, cardiovascular patients, oxidative stress, chronic diseases, reactive oxygen species, ischemia-modified albumin, oxidative stress markers, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiac healthcare, coronary artery disease, acute coronary syndrome, clinical decision support systems, named entity recognition, coronary CT angiography, explainable AI, ideal clinic realisation and maintenance programme, nurses’ experiences, standard operating procedures, primary health, valproic acid, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, patient safety, toxic epidermal necrolysis, positive Nikolsky sign. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of disease and health research.

  • Research Trends and Challenges in Medical Science Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of medical science. The contributions by the authors include  psoriasis, skin disease, emotional dysregulation, psychological factors, environmental pollutants, sperm quality, male reproduction, reprotoxicity, diabetic retinopathy, optical neuropathy, autoantibodies, toxic metabolites, macular degeneration, vaginal delivery, model of duality, reciprocity, Instantaneous Axes of the Knee, antibiotic prophylaxis, lactose intolerance, milk and dairy consumption, milk consumption habits, antioxidant activity, phenolic compound, macro-microelements, Mullerian adenosarcom,, uterus, tamoxifen use, tumor occurrence, hybrid intervention, endarterectomy, femoropopliteal revascularization, endovascular treatment, extraluminal angioplasty, selective stenting, peripheral arterial disease, meningeal signs, diagnostic; meningitis, reatment, tocopherol, nephrotic syndrome, immunostaining, ocular trauma, traumagram, pregnancy, vertical transmission. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medical sciences.

  • Mathematics and Computer Science: Contemporary Developments Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of mathematics and computer science. The contributions by the authors include compression algorithms, filtered images, mean square error, signal-to-noise ratio, JPEG algorithm, compression quality, structural similarity index, Steiner decomposition number, corona product, remote sensing images, DAC improvements, Lossy compression, discrete atomic compression, investment portfolio selection, multivariate exponential weighted moving average, dynamic conditional correlation model, mean-variance models, sampling distribution, bootstrap confidence interval, Kvalseth’s standard deviation, asymptotic confidence interval, asymptotic standard error, subset selection, probability of correct selection, probability distribution function, one stage and two stage selection procedure, breast cancer, machine learning algorithms, k-means, and k-nearest neighbours, naïve bayes, prime numbers, natural numbers; function of Riemann. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of mathematics and computer science.

  • Functions with Non-decreasing Increments and Popoviciu Type Identities and Inequalities for Sums and Integrals

    ISBN 978-93-90768-76-9 (Print)
    ISBN 978-93-90768-80-6 (eBook)
    DOI: 10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-90768-76-9

    The branch of mathematical inequalities has continued to extend rapidly since the beginning of 20th  century. Jensen, Cauchy, Schwartz, Hölder, Hadamard, Minkowski and Hardy of that era are mathematicians known for their work in inequalities. Inequalities are essential to study Mathematics and many related fields. Several applications of inequalities have been established in the field of calculus, differential and integral equations, optimization theory, control theory, game theory, spectral theory, functional analysis, harmonic analysis, probability theory, interpolation theory, physics, geometry and economics etc. A number of researchers use integral inequalities in studying existence, uniqueness, boundedness, stability and asymptotic behavior of solutions of ordinary and partial differential equations. There are numerous known inequalities and the list is ongoing. The database of MathSciNet contains over 23,000 references of inequalities and their applications. Now we discuss topics chapter-wise as follows:

    In the first chapter, we focus the importance of mathematical inequalities due to the huge number of applications of inequalities in various fields of mathematics and further domains of physical sciences, social sciences and management sciences etc., it also describes real life examples, history, literature, relationship among chapters including objectives of the book.

    Second chapter collects and presents several types of basic definitions, preliminary results and notations related to convex functions, generalized convex functions and convex functions of different types. This chapter divides into three sections, the first section is for convex functions that provide the historical background, applications and definitions of convex functions. The second section is for generalized convex functions and other different type of convex functions. This chapter covers all the related material which help in sequential manner in every chapter, without these impossible to start and complete of this book.

    The third chapter deals with functions with non-decreasing increments (FWNDI) and related results. The functions with non-decreasing increments, was introduced by Brunk in 1964. We extend this for mth order by using finite difference operator with equally spaced interval. With the help of this special definition of function with non-decreasing increments, we get relationship among functions with non-decreasing increments and arithmetic integral mean, Wright convex functions, convex functions, \(\nabla\)-convex functions, Jensen m-convex functions, m-convex functions, m-\(\nabla\)-convex functions, k-monotonic functions, absolutely monotonic functions, completely monotonic functions, Laplace transform and exponentially convex functions, by using the finite difference operator as different cases of \(\Delta_{h}^{m}f\). We also discuss some examples in each above stated relation. Generalizations of the Levinson’s-type inequality and Jensen-Mercer’s-type inequality by using Jensen-Boas inequality for function with non-decreasing increments of third order are also deduced.

    In the fourth chapter, we would give few definitions and preliminaries before starting of main sections, in the first section we obtain discrete identity for sequence \(\displaystyle \sum_{j=1}^{M}\sum_{l=1}^{N}p_{jl}a_{jl}\) for two dimension in which involves higher order \(\nabla\) divided difference and also get the similar result as given above identity for two sequences \(a_{j}\) and \(b_{l}\). Similarly in the second section, we get discrete identity for function \(\displaystyle \sum_{j=1}^{M}\sum_{l=1}^{N}p_{jl}f(y_{jt}z_{l})\) for two independent variables in the interval  \(J_{1}\times L_{1}\subset \mathbb{R}\times \mathbb{R}\) in which involves higher order \(\nabla\) divided difference and provide result for function \(\displaystyle \sum_{j=1}^{M}\sum_{l=1}^{M}p_{jl}f(y_{jt}z_{l})\) for two independent variables in the interval \(J_{1}^{2}\subset \mathbb{R}\times \mathbb{R}\). Moreover, we discuss the similar result as given above discrete identity of function for two \(f\) and \(g\) functions and also get the result about the necessary and sufficient conditions of result of discrete identity of above function for Popoviciu type characterisation of positivity of sums for discrete function \(\displaystyle \sum_{j=1}^{M}\sum_{l=1}^{N}p_{jl}f(y_{jt}z_{l})\geq 0\), by using higher order \(\nabla\)-convex functions.

    Fifth chapter starts by recalling of higher order completely monotonic function of one and two variables then we use variety of classes of completely monotonic functions and make examples and applications of completely monotonic functions. Our main work to get general integral identity for two independent variables in the interval \(J\times L\)  by three several methods, first method is: interchanging technique, second: Two-dimensional Induction and third: Taylor expansion for higher order differentiable function of two independent variables of Popoviciu type and give result for integral case for two independent variables in the interval \(J^{2}\)  and also obtain the similar result as given above general integral identity for \(f\) and \(g\) functions. After that we get necessary and sufficient conditions by results of integral identity using linear \(\Lambda(f)\) for higher order \(\nabla\) -convex function for two variables and find positivity of result of integral identity using linear functional \(\Lambda(f)\) for higher order completely monotonic function for two independent variables. We also discuss about some generalized Lagrange and Cauchy-type’s mean value theorems for \(\nabla\)-convex functions of higher order for two independent variables. Further, we discuss nonnegative functional on exponentially convex functions of special type and give some properties and we present examples and applications of completely monotonic, exponentially convex functions by using various classes of functions.

    Sixth chapter consists on three sections, in the first section by applying the results of chapter 4, we provide the generalization of discrete \(\check{C}\)eby\(\check{s}\)ev identity for function in the interval \(J^{2}\) for \(\nabla\) divided difference of higher order with two independent variables and also discuss similar result as given above discrete \(\check{C}\)eby\(\check{s}\)ev identity of function for sequence of higher order \(\nabla\) divided difference for two dimension if apply substitution \(y_{j}=j_{t}z_{l}=l\) and \(f(y_{jt}z_{l})=f(j_{t}l)=a_{jl}\) in the above result of discrete \(\check{C}\)eby\(\check{s}\)ev identity of function and find results of discrete inequality of \(\check{C}\)eby\(\check{s}\)ev using \(\nabla\)-convex function of higher order with two variables in the interval \(J^{2}\). In the second and third sections, by applying the results of chapter 5, we provide the generalization of integral \(\check{C}\)eby\(\check{s}\)ev and Ky Fan’s identities for differentiable function of higher order for two independent variables and also find results of integral inequalities of \(\check{C}\)eby\(\check{s}\)ev and Ky Fan using \(\nabla\)-convex function of higher order with two variables.

    In the last chapter, we obtain the more generalized Montgomery’s identities for differentiable function of higher order with two independent variables. Generalized Montgomery’s identities support us for contribution in the generalized Ostrowski- and Grüss-type inequalities for double weighted integrals. We also provide more generalized Ostrowski and Grüss type inequalities for differentiable functions of higher order with two variables as compare to the existing results related to the subject.

  • Manual for Milk and Milk Products Testing Laboratories, Edition 1

    India is the highest milk producer and ranks first in the world contributing 24.60% of global milk production in the year 2021-22. The milk production of India has registered a 58% increase during the period from 2014-15 and 2022-23 and has produced 230.58 MT of milk in 2022-23 valued at INR 16,792.10 billion in 2023 with a CAGR of 5.85% over the past 9 years. By 2032, the CAGR is expected to grow by 13% during 2024-32 reaching the market size of more than INR 49,953 billion. The Indian dairy industry is experiencing robust growth propelled by technological innovations, improved cold chain facilities, penetration of organized retail and e-commerce channels offering avenues for market expansion with convenient access to a wide range of diversified and quality-focused dairy products, and establishments of supermarkets, hypermarkets, and online platforms.

    While it is in the interest of the agrarian economy of the country to drive ahead with this phenomenal production growth, equally important is the quality control of milk and milk products at the various production and processing stages. In the words of Willa Foster “Quality is never an accident. It is always the result of - High Intention, Sincere Efforts, Intelligent Direction and Skillful Execution”. Quality control begins with the evaluation of raw materials, such as milk, cream, and all other ingredients that form the basis of manufacturing dairy products. These materials must meet specific standards for freshness, purity, and composition. As a best practice, regular testing and analysis of incoming raw materials help identify any deviations that may affect the quality of the final product. Quality control laboratories play a vital role in conducting a range of tests, including chemical, physical, and microbiological that facilitate the evaluation process of the quality and safety of the products. Such tests in laboratories typically include assessing fat content, protein content, bacterial counts, and sensory evaluation. Results from laboratory tests guide decision-making and help ensure compliance with regulatory standards. Instances of adulteration and contamination raise consumer apprehensions, impacting confidence and consumption rates. Strict quality control at the primary, secondary and tertiary levels will deter the adulteration of milk, improve the safety indices of raw milk and processed dairy products and foster market growth. Safeguarding public health through regular checks of the raw materials by qualified dairy analysts can significantly improve the quality of raw milk and the variety of milk products produced and marketed in India.

    The book provides comprehensive details of the various test methods to determine the quality attributes of milk and milk products and the adulterants commonly used by unscrupulous traders so that public health can be protected.

    The authors hope that the book would meet the needs of the analysts working in dairy quality control laboratories as well as the undergraduate and post-graduate students of the agricultural, and veterinary universities, dairy and food science and technology institutions of the country.

  • Design of Mould Cover Lifting Mechanism for Moving Fume Hood

    This book deals with the designing of mould cover lifting mechanism for moving fume hood. The research is focused in an industry which is the helm of the alloying industry, providing total alloying solutions to Iron, Steel, Aluminum, Welding and other non-ferrous industries.

  • Chemical and Materials Sciences: Developments and Innovations Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of chemical and materials sciences. The contributions by the authors include swift heavy ions, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene thick film, activation energy, optical energy gap, palaeogene sandstones, optical emission spectrometer, mass spectrometry respectively, tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite complexes, paleo weathering, mixed waste from office paper, aspartate, glutamate, and asparagine, flotation column, enzymatic catalysis, deinking, bubble-enzyme-ink particle system, cellulose, dynamic foam properties, foam stability, sodium lauryl sulphate, spent coffee grounds, agricultural products, electrochemistry, phosphorus adsorbents, electron microscopy, foamed waste glass, magnesium-treated coffee grounds, glass crystallization, exothermic peaks, post-crystallization melting, eutectic microstructure, gas turbine conditions, rare-earth ions, powder X-ray diffraction, Kissinger’s plots, metallic alloys, Ni75Mo25 alloy, electron diffraction pattern, ordering-phase separation, gold nanoparticles, Tamarindus indica, microwave synthesis, UV-visible spectral analysis. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of chemical and materials sciences.

  • Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of pharmaceutical research. The contributions by the authors include optimization, diabetes, herbal medicine, polycystic ovary syndrome, insulin resistance, endocrine gland, disorder, Herbal cosmetics, herbal brands, biodegradable, microcap, stomatal index, phytochemicals, flavonoids, antibacterial activity, human bacteria, synthetic antibiotic, cytoprotective, metabolic modulator, ischemic heart disease, kidney disease, acetaminophen, nephrotoxicity, biomarkers, nephroprotective, herbal drugs, chitosan, alternative, anti-tuberculosis drugs, domination subdivision stability, chronic rhinosinusitis, Unani formulation, Kalonji inhalation, chronic Rhinosinusitis, hepatoprotective infection, centribular necrosis, silymarin, total bilirubin. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of pharmaceutical research.

  • Natural Products Chemistry: From Discovery to Applications, Edition 1

    Bioactive compounds, which have been utilized as popular remedies for centuries, are abundant in natural products and have a diverse array of potential applications. In recent decades, the scientific community has paid particular attention to them as a result of the growing body of evidence demonstrating their potential health benefits and the prevention of numerous diseases. Their significance is also increasing in response to the growing apprehension regarding the detrimental impacts of synthetic additives on the environment and human health. Consequently, the significance of natural products has experienced a consistent and gradual rise in recent decades. The consolidation of natural products as a component of the productive processes of numerous industrial sectors has been unquestionably influenced by consumer awareness, stricter regulations, and increasing quality demands.

    In the initial chapter, the most extensively researched natural products are described to provide valuable background information. The extraction process's fundamental principles are thoroughly examined in the subsequent chapters. In addition to conventional extraction methods, specific chapters are dedicated to the use of ultrasound, microwaves, pressurized liquids, and supercritical fluids. Each chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the technique's potential for the extraction of natural products. In addition, Chapter 4 addresses the elimination of the extraction solvent, purification, isolation, stabilization, and modification of the physicochemical characteristics, as well as the enhancement of the functional characteristics of the natural extracts through the use of advanced techniques. Chapters 5, 6 and 7 address the most recent developments in the extraction of natural products, such as the integration and coupling of various techniques and analytical methods to optimize natural product recovery processes. These chapters address the Herbal traditional medicines used in different countries.

    Chapter 9 offers the reader a critical perspective on the economic aspects of the processes and the reasons why they are essential for the successful implementation of new technologies at the industrial level. Lastly, Chapter 10 concentrates on the future prospects and Considering all of this information will be beneficial when selecting the most suitable extraction method for a particular raw material, including scaling up to the industrial level, and when considering novel, more environmentally friendly extraction technologies.

    This book is primarily intended for researchers who are employed in the academic and industrial sectors of natural products, chemistry, chemical and food engineering, food science and technology, and nutrition, among other fields. The information provided may be beneficial in a variety of fields, including the assessment of the biological activities of compounds present in natural products, the investigation of phytochemical composition, and the determination of the most suitable extraction technique for a specific raw material. Additionally, the extraction principles that have been investigated are applicable to both laboratory and industrial-scale separations, thereby expanding the scope of their application beyond the analytical sector to include the food and pharmaceutical industries.

  • Current Approaches in Science and Technology Research Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of science and technology research. The contributions by the authors include flood simulation, geographical Information System, modeling, hydrologic response, visual model, geotextile, banana tree fiber, latex, sustainable material, dynamic soil penetrometer, conjoint analysis, value, Syrian mobile phone operators, globalization, digitalization, warehouse management system, third-party logistics, environment, warehousing, sustainability, software, automatization, systematic mapping study, digitalization, supply chain management, laser cladding, wetting, intermetallic phases, micro hardness, sliding wear, binary advantage, general theory of relativity, the special theory of relativity, particle – antiparticle, annihilation, mass – energy equivalence equation, resistivity, concentration, permeability, subsurface, chemical and septic wastes, ground water pollution, digital book, maximum entropy principle, contingency table, chi-square statistics, Lagrange’s multipliers and dependence measure. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of science and technology research.

  • Scientific Research, New Technologies and Applications Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of scientific research, new technologies and applications. The contributions by the authors include global transmission margins, satellite bands, attenuation models, new cloud algorithm, signal transmission technology, heavy-duty vehicle loads, buried gas pipelines, strain gauge measurements, spatiotemporal video, dark channel prior, video-to-frame sequence conversion, haze image modelling, transmission optimization, scene radiance recovery, advanced AI/ML applications, solar radiation prediction, artificial neural networks, genetic algorithms, 2D image mapping, micro-PIXE technique, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, LoRa IoT network, forest fire detection, air quality index, long-range communication, microcontroller, 5G technology, fifth-generation cellular network, conspiracy theory, theory of myth, tissue heating, Indian banking websites, visually challenged users, global website accessibility, accessibility checking, Hera, cloud environments, quantum AI, serverless architecture, quantum machine learning, smart antennas, Taylor window, uniform rectangular array, germanium oxynitride dielectric films, metal-insulator-semiconductor. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of scientific research, new technologies and applications.

  • Current Topics on Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of mathematics and computer science. The contributions by the authors include algorithm of Collatz, variables, Emiliano theorem, Diophantic equations, integral representation, super-singular kernels, invers formula, three-dimensional integral equations, Dirichlet type boundary value problem, three-body problem, Liberation points, Linear stability, zero velocity curve, handwriting recognition, database scheme, database interface, internet router, self-similarity, Markovian arrival process, queueing theory, matrix analytic methods, partial buffer sharing, packet loss probability, function zeta, convergent series, Abel-Ruffini Theorem, Enfer Diez equation, congruence method, polynomials, dimension reduction, multidimensional information visualization, Euclidean distance, embedding algorithms, pattern classification, infinite algorithms, hierarchical scale space, multiscale, feature extraction, segmentation, fuzzy inference system, landsat- 8, fuzzy knowledge rules, object oriented image analysis, google earth engine, machine learning, algorithms, supervised learning methods, predictive analytics, data analytics, climate change, support vector machine, linear discriminant analysis, feature extraction, feature selection, operational data center, MPLS computer networks, VDI, Model-view-controller, customized algorithm, spatio-temporal databases, Region of Interest, geospatial analysis, parallel programming, concurrency, autoregression, contaminated errors, distribution mixes. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of mathematics and computer science.

  • Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical science. The contributions by the authors include behavioral attitudes, HPV infection, low-risk and high-risk HPVs, school-based HPV interventions, maxillary and mandibular morphology, mandibular growth, craniofacial development, vertical development of the facial skeleton, tissue engineered vascular grafts, cardiovascular disease, 3D print vascular grafts, protein phosphatase 2A, Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium, human pancreatic normal cells, stability of PR55\(\alpha\) protein, schizophrenia, randomized controlled trials, electroconvulsive therapy, transcranial direct current stimulation, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, adrenomedullin, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy, angiogenesis, metastasis, adjunctive periodontal therapy, periodontal waterlase, root surface biomodification, periowave TM, personal protective equipment. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of medicine and medical science.

  • Monarchy of Concordia: Business Models and Noise Behavior Legislation

    This short monograph is about Monarchy of Concordia. The book briefly covers key areas of Business Models and Noise Behavior Legislation in Monarchy of Concordia. The book is written based on author’s published paper in “International Journal of Social Sciences” entitled “Monarchy of Concordia: A Globalized Society on Maintaining Peace and Harmony in the World by Controlling Human Noise Behavior, International Journal of Social Sciences, Vol. IX(1), March 20, 2020 (21 Pages). ISSN 1804-980X (online), DOI: 10.20472/SS2020.9.1.001, The International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences, www.iises.net; Publication Detail: https://www.eurrec.org/ijoss-article-25601 (Download from: https://www.eurrec.org/ijoss-article-25601?download=1). The monograph is intended for various planning authorities/bureaucrats/ministers/United Nations/ governments around the globe and is also suitable for students, researchers and academicians of this area.

  • Theoretical Key Issues and Practical Development Trends of China’s Digital Economy

    China’s digital economy has led to disruptive innovation and improvement in productivity, getting rid of over-reliance on heavy industry, breaking the trap of middle-income countries, laying the economic foundation for Chinese modernization, achieving overtaking in corners, and making China green and stable. It is a powerful economic power in the world. The integration of the digital economy with major industries and the innovation of the digital economy in various economic regions have promoted the development of new productive forces, especially in industrial upgrading, rural revitalization, institutional innovation, talent training, tourism development etc., and have achieved great success.

     

    Based on the background of industrial digitization and digital industrialization, my team began to conduct in-depth research on the successful experience of China’s digital economy and the focus of the development of new productivity. It also brings together the phased research results into this book, hoping to make a certain contribution to the development of social sciences in the world.

    This book is mainly divided into three parts. The first part (from chapter 1 to 4) discusses some key theoretical issues, especially the relationship between digital RMB and digital economy, free trade and digital economy, and digital education and digital economy. The second part (from chapter 5 to 17) is technical articles at the application level, which mainly shows the digital significance, methods and models in key areas in the digital economy era such as financial field, entrepreneurship, education, etc. The last part (from chapter 18 to 37) is an empirical analysis of the case, relying on factual data to prove that the combination of the digital economy and various industries has produced important cases that promote social progress.

    Our research scope is mainly China, including provinces and cities. The research content covers most areas of the digital economy, ranging from industry to finance. The depth and innovation of the research are mainly digital theory and case analysis under industrial thinking. We all know that there is no end to social science research in China. Our research is just the tip of the iceberg. Broader and deeper research is worthy of our lifelong efforts.

    Finally, as the editor-in-chief of this book, I need to thank my team members. They are the authors of various chapters and also my friends. Their names are Jinfang Li, Yingbo Lyu, Xuehai Lyu, Jiacheng Lyu, Jiming Yang, Minqi Zheng, Zhennan Wang, Jiajun Yin, Yuxin Wang, Chenxi Min, Hao Su, Daliang Gao, Guanghua Chen, Qianwan Xu, Zhiyao Cao, Guangmin Zhu, Aopeng Li, Zhehao Lei, Yueting Liu, Baoshuai Liu, Yiqian Wang, et al.

    At the same time, I would also like to thank my family members and Sanya University for your strong support. Without you, it would be difficult for my work to go so smoothly. Notably, this book is funded by Hainan Provincial Social Science Fund Project [HNSK(QN)23-98] and the Key Laboratory of Financial Innovation and Multi-Asset of the Key Laboratory of Philosophy and Social Sciences of Hainan Province in China, the special training project for young and middle-aged teachers in scientific research at Sanya University (USYJSPY24-38), the special training project for young and middle-aged teachers of Sanya College (SYJPZQ2024045).

  • Current Perspectives on Chemical Sciences Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of chemical science research. The contributions by the authors include N-acetylated gemini surfactants, antifungal activity, leather preservatives, soyphospholipid, esterification, antioxidant activity, Alzheimer's disease, X-ray diffraction, preclinical studies, heat-recovery steam generator, protective film, thermal-shock, equivalent operating hours, metal conductivity, multilayer protective films, thermal resistance, hydro-absorption capacity, dynamic laser speckle,  Peleg´s equation, natural zeolite, water mobile phase, chromatographic separations, thermogravimetric analysis, chitosan, scanning electron microscopy,  microwave afterglows, atom density. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of chemical sciences.

  • Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical science. The contributions by the authors include sensorineural hearing loss, scrub typhus, lymphadenopathy, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, serological testing, medicolegal autopsy, mental health, medical students, obesity paradox, intracerebral hemorrhage, cerebrovascular diseases, craniopharyngioma, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, hypothalamic obesity, GH deficiency, hormone replacement therapy, AYUSH system, health promotion, One Health, social mobilization, continuous glucose monitoring, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, glycemic control, internal medicine resident, CGM devices, integrated neurorehabilitation, cerebral palsy, neuroplasticity, magnetostimulation, IRNA protocol, physical therapy, nutraceutical regimen, functional electrical stimulation, salivary duct cyst, histopathology, Epstein-Barr virus infection, sialocysts, plasma carcinoembryonic antigen, clinicopathological features, colorectal cancer, classical adenocarcinoma, mucinous adenocarcinoma, acute pancreatitis, contrast-enhanced computed tomography abdomen, serum amylase, bedside index of severity in acute pancreatitis, adenomyosis, MRI imaging, focal adenomyosis, adenomyotic cyst, cervical cerclage, ceramide synthase isoforms, insulin resistance, normal sphingolipid metabolism, low dose biophotonic treatment, glycated hemoglobin, UV irradiation, oxygen saturation, ultra disperse nanoparticles, Brownian and Neel mechanisms, magnetic hyperthermia, zero magnetic field, NANOPHOX device. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of medicine and medical science.

  • Mycorrhizal Fungal Application in Citrus Plants

    In the study of plants, the above-ground part is often studied intuitively, while the below-ground part is neglected. In fact, there is a beneficial group of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi that inhabit the rhizosphere of plants, capable of colonizing approximately 72% of terrestrial plant roots and establishing an arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. In the root system, a characteristic of this symbiosis is the establishment of a well-developed network of extraradical hyphae outside the root system and involved in the uptake and transfer of both nutrients and water from the soil, thus providing a rapid highway from the soil to the host plant. Furthermore, the extraradical mycelial network also connects neighbouring identical or different plants into an organic association for pest and disease defence as well as nutrient transfer. Mycorrhizal network plays a critical role in nutrient redistribution and stress tolerance in ecosystems.  

    Citrus as a worldwide fruit tree, is grown in many countries such as China, Spain, the United States of America, Brazil, Australia, India and so on.  Because citrus is a shallow root plant, it is very short of root hair. Therefore, it is highly dependent on the colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from the soil into the root system to establish arbuscular mycorrhizal symbionts, which can partially replace the nutrient and water absorption function of root hair.  Thus, mycorrhizal fungi can be opened up as a biological fertilizer to be used in citrus cultivation.  It is very necessary to carry out mycorrhizal research on citrus to maintain the growth of organic citrus.

    This book is written on the basis of such research.  The book is divided into seven chapters.  Chapter 1 provided a comprehensive overview of the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on citrus, focusing on growth, nutrient uptake, root hairs, and stress resistance. Chapter 2 clarified the use of SSU rRNA to identify AMF populations in citrus roots and soil in the field. Chapter 3 presented three propagation methods for indigenous AMF of citrus. Chapter 4 compared four different AMF inoculation methods in citrus at the nursery, and clarified that one-layer inoculation of AMF was the preferred method for mycorrhizalization in citrus seedlings. Chapter 5 pointed out the preference for steam sterilization of growth substrates accompanied by oven and UV light for mycorrhizalization  of citrus seedling. In chapter 6, AMF were inoculated on field Ponkan, and the potential of AMF application on fruit quality and mycorrhizal development of citrus was evaluated. For the management of mycorrhizas in citrus orchards, Chapter 7 explicitly gave some field considerations. In conclusion, this book comprehensively summarized the role of mycorrhiza in citrus, with emphasis on the application and evaluation of mycorrhiza in the field, the propagation of mycorrhiza fungi, the inoculation methods of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi, the sterilization methods of growth substrates, and the management of citrus mycorrhiza in the field.

    Here, we would like to sincerely thank our doctoral supervisor, Professor Ren-Xue Xia of Huazhong Agricultural University, for his suggestion that we enter the research field of citrus mycorrhizas and stick to it all the time.  

    The work of the book is supported by the Hubei Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Action Project (Hubei Nongfa [2018] No. 1) and the Project of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Course Textbooks of Yangtze University.

    The book is published with the support of B P International, and we are extremely grateful to the editors of B P International for their productive contributions to the editing and publication of the book.  This book is an extension of some articles published by the editors in the journals and conferences.  As a result, the various chapters in the book may have some flaws.  In addition, there are some references in the book that did not be quoted. The ability and level of the editors is limited, the book inevitably has shortcomings, sure everyone's tolerance and criticism. 

  • Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical science. The contributions by the authors include cholangiocarcinoma, nude mouse xenograft model, HPLC analysis, rhizome ethanol extract, subacute toxicity test, anticancer activity, clinical breast examination, breast cancer screening programs, chest computed tomography, breast self-examination, SARS-CoV-2 variants, COVID-19 vaccines, human anti-converting enzyme, gynaecological cancers, uterine cancer, morphological analysis,  morphometric analysis, orbital region, morphometry, orbital cavity, aesthetic smile, golden proportion, unaesthetic smiles, thyroid hormone profiles, preconception period, anthropometric parameters, facial indices, nasal indices, morphometric variation, EEG spectral reaction, binocular flash stimulation, consciousness disorders, epileptic mechanisms, EEG activation, epileptic patients, liposomal sepia melanin, micro-needling, follicular infundibulum, hair removal, plasma CEA level, tissue CEA density, colorectal cancer, mucinous adenocarcinoma, classical adenocarcinoma. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of medicine and medical science.

  • New Approaches in Engineering Research Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of engineering research. The contributions by the authors include  high-resolution image, deep learning, Convolutional neural network (CNN), Feature extraction, image classification, Local binary pattern, graphene, graphite, carbon, bidimensional, biofuel, energy crops, annual, perennial, miscanthus, cardoon, switchgrass, SWOT analysis, hyperbolic paraboloid free roof, porosity, wind tunnel experiment, main wind force resisting system, wind force coefficient, codification, parameter design, load analysis, accelerated life testing, architecture, urbanism, digital games, cyberculture, constraint based routing, delay, localized routing, blocking probability, widest shortest path, underwater non-equilibrium electric discharge, plasma-chemical synthesis of a sorbent, plasma module, cesium and strontium radionuclides, disactivation of water and soil, hydroseparation, plasma treatment, solar plant monitoring, texas Instrument, internet of things, amazon web services, amazon IOT Core, Amazon S3 Bucket, amazon Kinesis, wireless communication, augmented reality, optical flow, hidden Markov model, and neural network processing and active appearance model, kinematics of robots, single link robotic arm, link flexibility, assumed modes method  and payload effect. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of engineering research.

  • Unveiling of the in vitro Effects of Gefitinib and Paclitaxel Loaded Cockle Shells-derived CaCO\(_3\) Nanoparticles on Breast Cancer Cell Lines, Edition 1

    Modern scientists are capable of developing personalized medications to treat cancer and other diseases by possessing a comprehensive comprehension of the tumor microenvironment, tumor subtyping, and molecular expression. Cancer chemotherapy has been linked with the resultant killing of tumor cells and tumor shrinkage but has been notoriously famous for its adverse effects on healthy cells. The advent of nanomedicines and the use of nanocarriers to deliver drugs to kill cancer cells has elicited tremendous interest in nanomaterials that are biocompatible as well as serve as carriers of drugs.

    Breast cancer is the most prevalent form of cancer in women worldwide, including in Malaysia, where it ranks second in terms of mortality rate. Conventional treatment modalities include the use of antimitotic agents, antimetabolites, hormones, immunological compounds, and alkylating agents of DNA. Nowadays, nanoparticle-based drug carriers and targeted therapies are used as bedside treatments since they demonstrate improved efficacy and safety. Nanoparticle-based drug carriers can carry and deliver multiple drugs at the tumor site due to the leaky tumor vasculature. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpression has been correlated with poor prognosis in many breast cancer patients. Gefitinib (GEF), an EGFR-Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor (EGFR TKI), has to be administered orally, and it leads to adverse skin reactions and gastrointestinal problems. Paclitaxel (PTXL), an antimitotic drug, is poorly water-soluble and needs to be administered with a solvent, which leads to hypersensitivity and neuropathies in some patients. Cockle shells are a staple of Southeast Asia, including Malaysia, and the shell waste has been used as a feed additive and here converted to nanoparticles, which are excellent drug carriers for anticancer drugs and antibiotics.

    “Unveiling of the in vitro Effects of Gefitinib and Paclitaxel Loaded Cockle Shells derived CaCO3 Nanoparticles on Breast Cancer Cell Lines,” is an interesting book where the in vitro characterization of the three types of newly synthesized drug-loaded nanoparticles have been described. This book is the first of its kind in terms of the newly synthesized Cockle shells-derived biogenic Calcium carbonate nanoparticles. The book has been designed to be a user-friendly reference for researchers conducting in vitro assessments of nanomedicines. It includes stunning photographs, micrographs, and ultra micrographs for reference.  The abbreviations that are frequently used are listed in this book. The authors have made sure that all the information has been cited, and the unreferenced in-text attributions are the comments and views of the authors alone and do not reflect the views or opinions of the organization or university.

  • Advanced Aspects of Engineering Research Vol. 13

    This book covers key areas of engineering research. The contributions by the authors include  X-ray diffraction, dispersed silica, physical properties, photon cross correlation spectroscopy, outdoor environment, energy efficiency, wireless body area networks, zigbee network, dual rotor generator, electromagnet, travelling field generator, Cu-Co ores hydrometallurgy, process wastes storage, pollutants release, reprocessing, copper metal recovery, heat treatment process, EN24 pinion material, gas nitriding process, automobile engineering, optimal control theory, HIV model, Pontryagin’s maximum principle, epidemic outbreak, RISC-V architecture, microgrids, energy resources, protection schemes, hybrid energy, storage systems, power sharing unit, amplifier simulation, small-signal amplifier, internet of things (IoT), code calibration, scaling, safety factors, target reliability factor, mobility education, physics of traffic, crowd theory, multi crystalline silicon PV Module, maximum PV power, solar energy. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of engineering research.

  • Diagnostics of Pathology in the Lumbar and Lumbosacral Spine of Dogs Using Plain Radiography, Myelography, and Computed Tomography, Edition 1

    The vertebral column is a central structure in the anatomy of vertebrates, playing a crucial role in mobility, support, and protection of the nervous system. In dogs, the lumbar and lumbosacral spine segments are particularly prone to a variety of pathological changes due to the animal's active lifestyle and the diverse range of breeds. These changes can manifest as pain, mobility issues, and other neurological symptoms, significantly affecting the quality of life in affected dogs. Accurate and early diagnosis of these conditions is essential for effective treatment and rehabilitation.

    This book, Diagnostics of Pathology in the Lumbar and Lumbosacral Spine of Dogs Using Plain Radiography, Myelography, and Computed Tomography, aims to provide veterinarians and radiologists with a comprehensive guide to imaging techniques used in the diagnosis of spinal pathologies in dogs. It covers the fundamental principles and practical applications of plain radiography, myelography, and computed tomography, offering insights into their advantages, limitations, and appropriate use in clinical settings. By integrating these diagnostic tools, practitioners can achieve precise localization and characterization of spinal abnormalities, leading to more informed decision-making in clinical and surgical contexts.

    The chapters of this book are designed to lead readers through a detailed understanding of the anatomy of the lumbar and lumbosacral regions, the pathophysiology of common spinal disorders, and the techniques for imaging and diagnosing these conditions. Illustrated with clinical cases and high-resolution imaging, the book aims to bridge the gap between theory and practice, enhancing the ability of veterinary professionals to manage complex spinal issues in dogs effectively.

    It is our hope that this book will serve as a valuable resource for both students and experienced professionals in veterinary medicine, helping to improve diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic outcomes for dogs suffering from spinal conditions.

  • Probiotics - Isolated from Pickles (Fermented Vegetables) in Sichuan of China

    This book deals with Probiotics isolated from pickles (fermented vegetables) in Sichuan of China. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the area of probiotics. This book was funded by Chongqing University Innovation Research Group Project (CXQTP20033), China.

  • Current Progress in Arts and Social Studies Research Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of arts and social studies. The contributions by the authors include depression, global negativity, social relations, mental health, Frafra wise saying, critical discourse analysis, masculinity, community decision-making, educational systems, maladjustment, behaviour management, psychosocial theory, psychosexual theory, Rational Emotional Behaviour Therapy, compositional developments, musical analysis, yin and yang theory, Taoism, Taiji Composition System, Barlett’s test, mathematic learning, teacher competency, virtual leisure, cognitive test, multifactorial analysis, game transfer, drug consumption, virtual activity, African religious music, holy communion, Lutheran hymnal, evangelical Lutheran churches, religious practices, socialization, communication technology, globalization, digital democracy, digital citizenship culture, civic engagement, population aging, social networks, social isolation, Bapedi spiritual folk songs, South African curricula, local indigenous knowledge, primary school music education. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of arts and social studies.

  • Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 15

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical research. The contributions by the authors include plasma cells, plasma cell granuloma, plasma cell gingivitis, immunohistochemistry, colour vision defects, adaptation, physiological, schools prevalence, protanope, trichromatic, neonatal teeth, riga fede disease,  traumatic mucosal disease, dengue fever, immunochromatography, NS1 antigen, serological markers, thrombocytopenia, mild intellectual disability, cognition, behavior, intervention strategies, corona virus disease, injection snoreplasty, snoring, Parkinson’s disease, olfactory dysfunction, Non-motor symptoms, blood stream infection, pneumonia, drug resistance, haemo-phagocysis, Lympho-histiocytosis, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, disseminated intravascular coagulation, autoimmunity, contraception, abortion. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical research.

  • Pharmaceutical Research: Recent Advances and Trends Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of pharmaceutical research. The contributions by the authors include ethosomes, sdermal drug delivery, phospholipid-based nanovesicles, drug delivery, skin-associated lymphoid tissue, UV protector, skin cancer, inorganic chemicals, entecavir, diastereomeric impurities, cost-effective mobile phase, hepatitis B virus, secondary metabolites, oxidative stress, antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory properties and oral acute toxicity, infectious diseases, Ionization techniques, phytoconstituents, pharmaceutical dosage forms, chronic musculoskeletal pain, diabetic neuropathy, cyclooxygenase, Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, mechanism of disease development, anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory drugs, Diffuse parenchymal lung diseases, interstitial pneumonia, genetic deficiency, myofobroblasts, Orodispersible film, solvent casting method, immunoglobulin, oral mucosa, Parkinson’s disease, drug therapy, adverse drug reactions, medication, therapeutic outcomes. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of pharmaceutical research.

  • Current Advances in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of chemistry and biochemistry research. The contributions by the authors include corrosion protection, cerium-based conversion coatings, phosphating post-treatment, protein folding, protein drugs, misfolding, intermediates, protein folding liquid chromatography, characterization, hydrophobic interaction chromatography, ?-chymotrypsin, stoichiometric displacement theory, human Plasma, Liquid-Liquid Extraction, bioequivalence studies, glucocorticoid physiology, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, skeletal muscle, steroid-sparing agents, mesenchymal stem cells, sciatic nerve, transection, neurotmesis, peripheral nerve, regeneration, regulatory T cells,  sedimentation velocity, antiinflammatory drugs, differential scanning calorimetry, nonisothermal hemiluminometry, reactive oxygen species, rotational viscometry, thermogravimetry, heat shock proteins, titanium alloy, plasma immersion ion implantation, XPS, hardness, scratch resistance, SRIM simulation, demonstration strategy, oil contaminated soil, remediation technologies, total petroleum hydrocarbons. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of chemistry and biochemistry research.

  • Contemporary Research and Perspectives in Biological Science Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of research and perspectives in biological science. The contributions by the authors include Aujeszky’s disease, Suid herpesvirus 1 infection, animal sodom, genital infection, citrus greening, polymerase chain reaction, citrus cultivation, DNA quantification, HLB detection, lumpy skin disease, drug discovery, QSPR modeling, LSD drugs, methanolic extracts, plant-based therapies, gentamicin, antibiotic resistance, water-soluble dietary fibers, cardiovascular diseases, hypercholesterolemia, isoflavones, phytosterols, fish health, microplastics, swage water treatment, ichthyofaunal diversity, freshwater tidal stretch, morphometric characters, meristic characters, p-Cresol level, active avoidance testing, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, mental disorders. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of research and perspectives in biological science.

  • Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical research. The contributions by the authors include chronic heart failure, neprilysin inhibitor, valsartan, cardiac resynchronization therapy, Parkinson's disease, neurological disorders, COVID-19, emergency surgery, neonates, method validation, Immunoblot SDS-PAGE, densitometry, animal models, vascularized composite allo transplantation, immunosuppressive regimens, air pollution, allergic rhinitis, diabetes mellitus pre-diabetes, cardiovascular risk, diabetic retinopathy, visual disability, high-density lipoprotein, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, intracranial embolism, therapeutic embolization, granulomatous dermatitis, systemic disease, granuloma annulare, Sjogren syndrome, neurocysticercosis, central nervous system, epilepsy, diet induced obese mouse, myocytes, enucleation, marsupialization, inflammatory lesions, radicular cysts, gabapentinoids, pregabalin, gabapentin, chronic pain conditions, oncology, cancer treatment, insulin potentiation targeted low dose, low-dose chemotherapy, malignant neoplastic diseases. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical research.

  • Business, Management and Economics: Research Progress Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of business, management and economics. The contributions by the authors include foreign remittances, Ghanaian economic growth, mobile phone technology, money transfer companies, graduate major field tests, educational testing service, MFT-b, foreign direct investment, cointegration approach, error-correction model, Granger causality test, variance decomposition, impulse response functions, Augmented Dickey-Fuller test, stability tests, new product development, snack industry, quality testing, new product development, integrated payment systems, petro retail, digital payment, Digital India initiative, fueling cycle, oil marketing companies, Indian honey export, Jennings quality chart, heart disease, isotope ratio mass spectrometer, securing financial transactions, cybersecurity strategies, multi-factor authentication, real-time monitoring systems, data loss prevention, cost and returns, rapeseed-mustard, direct marketing, economic condition. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of business, management and economics.

  • Modern Advances in Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of geography, environment and earth Sciences. The contributions by the authors include limnimetric scales, average ordinary flood level, water politics, water use conflicts, risk factors, Urban GIS, object-oriented approach, quality assurance plan, groundwater quality, hydrochemistry, water quality, oil shale, K/P ratio, settling tank, public diplomacy, soft power diplomacy, plasma, fuel reforming, syngas production,  emissions, water treatment, membrane filtration, nano-filtration, electro-spinning, nanofibre, hydraulic modeling, diversion channel, environment related diseases, water quality index, physico-chemical parameters, saltwater intrusion, coastal aquifers, forest ecosystem, climate factors, ecosystem sustainability. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of geography, environment and earth Sciences.

  • A Collection of Special Quinary Quintic Diophantine Equations with Integer Solutions, Edition 1

    The fascinating branch of Mathematics is the Theory of Numbers in which the subject of Diophantine equations requiring only integer solutions is an interesting area to various mathematicians and lovers of mathematics because it is a treasure house in which the search for many hidden connections is a treasure hunt. In other words, the theory of Diophantine equations is an ancient subject that typically involves solving, a polynomial equation in two or more variables or a system of polynomial equations with the number of unknowns greater than the number of equations, in integers and occupies a pivotal role in the region of mathematics. It is worth mentioning that Diophantine problems are plenty playing a significant role in the development of mathematics because the beauty of Diophantine equations is that the number of equations is less than the number of unknowns.

    The theory of Diophantine equations provides a fertile ground for both professionals and amateurs. In addition to known results, the theory of Diophantine equations abounds with unsolved problems. Although many of its results can be stated in simple and elegant terms, their proofs are sometimes long and complicated. Many unsolved problems that have been daunting mathematicians for centuries provide unlimited opportunities to expand the frontiers of mathematical knowledge. The subject of Diophantine equations has fascinated and inspired both amateurs and mathematicians alike and so they merit special recognition.

    The successful completion of exhibiting all integers satisfying the requirements set forth in the problem adds to the further progress of Number Theory as they offer good applications in the fields of Graph theory, Modular theory, Coding and Cryptography, Engineering, Music and so on. Integers have repeatedly played a crucial role in the evolution of the Natural Sciences. The theory of integers provides answers to real-world problems.

    The focus of this book is to solve higher-degree Diophantine equations. These types of equations can be challenging as they involve finding integer solutions that satisfy the general polynomial equation. Learning about the various techniques to solve these higher-power Diophantine equations in successfully deriving their solutions helps us understand how numbers work and their significance in different areas of mathematics and science. For the sake of clear understanding by the readers, one may refer to the varieties of Quintic Diophantine equations with multi variables presented in the References section.

    This book contains a reasonable collection of special Quintic Diophantine problems in five variables distributed in 13 chapters. The process of getting different sets of integer solutions to each of the quintic Diophantine equations considered in this book is illustrated in an elegant manner. The articles presented in problems 1, and 2 are the respective generalizations of [26, 27]. The problems 4, 5 are the extended versions of [28, 29].

  • Selected Topics in Humanities and Social Sciences Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of humanities and social sciences. The contributions by the authors include musicology, semiology, complexity, heuristics, change management, individual development, self-development, change initiation, problem identification, evidence-based models, critical reflection, schema games, scheme interpretationism, language games, epistemology, job attribute preferences, conjoint analysis, generation Y professionals, trade-offs, job satisfaction, motivation, socio-demographic factors, teachers’ retention, quality education service, modernist architecture, machine music, musical urbanis, industrial peace, policies and disciplines, harmonious relationship, prospective educationalists, preschool education, community health workers, community participation, empowerment, student reflective practices, human dynamics, sustainable development, environmental policies. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of humanities and social sciences.

  • Geography, Earth Science and Environment: Research Highlights Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of geography, earth science and environment research. The contributions by the authors include agricultural waste, sustainable production, pig manure, nitrogen cycle, seismic hazard assessment, earthquake risks, peak ground acceleration, geomorphic control, probabilistic seismic hazard analysis, ground motion prediction equations, data processing, flood susceptibility analysis, analytical hierarchy process, geographical information system, digital elevation model, drainage proximity, topographic wetness index, debris flow susceptibility, landslide hazard inventory, spatial analysis methods, geological mapping, landslide susceptibility identification, thematic data layers, water quality, Pearson correlation matrix, Gorewada lake, American Public Health Association, nitrogen management, UAV technologies, spectral models, crop life cycle, hyperspectral sensor, summer maize, satellite-mounted sensors, simulated multispectral reflectance, multispectral index, leaf area index, nitrogen nutrition status, municipal wastewater, potable reuse, advanced water treatment facility, source control programs, influent flowrate, aeration system, bioaugmentation, divided treatment trains, metsamor nuclear power plant, seismic vulnerability, tectonic active zone, Caucasian Fukushima. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of geography, earth science and environment research.

  • Newest Updates in Physical Science Research Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of physical science research. The contributions by the authors include cosmological constant, Sachs-Wolfe effect, Kantowski-Sachs model, Bianchi type-I andtype-III models, Hubble constant.Curved space-time, DISIMb(2) relativistic symmetry, Finslerian metric, local gauge invariance, radiation defect, acceptor, chemical bond, diamond lattice, pion, muon, electron capture, cassava pulp fermentation, food, growth kinetics,TiO2 nanoparticles, sol-gel method, MW plasma treatment, manniphyton fulvum mull, desulphurvibro species, anaerobic microbial influenced corrosion, oil pipeline steel, pseudo-gap state,dirac semi-metal, narrow-gap direct semiconductor, inter-layer tunnelling, spin-band locking. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of physical science research

  • An Overview of Literature, Language and Education Research Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of literature, language and education. The contributions by the authors include distance e-learning, feedback timing, learning styles, Felder-Silverman learning styles model, learning theories, school indiscipline, social-cognitive learning theory, classical conditioning theory, intentional learning instruments, self-determination theory, determining and interpreting resistive electric circuit test, learning gains, education systems and policies, gender inequality and social discrimination, personal learning and thinking skills, Finland’s egalitarian system, cultural heritage education, post-disaster resilience, L'Aquila's Recovery, cultural competences, Great Candlemas earthquake, socially constructed territory, post-catastrophe, catastrophic event, social functions of communities, educational intervention programs, risk management awareness, effective teaching, teacher characteristics, technology and modern educational media, wicked problems, competency-based education, socio-economic issues, sustainable development, musical expression, eye and body movement, musical development in early childhood, visual information, machine learning, snowball technique, student learning motivation outcomes, cooperative learning. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of literature, language and education.

  • New Horizons in Education and Social Studies Vol. 10

    This book covers key areas of education and social studies. The contributions by the authors include adaptive reuse, heritage building, impacts,free primary education, unregulated education, liberating education, state-funded education, North and South Korea unification, geopolitics relations, social benefits, school farms, farming activities, social sciences, student midwives, student performance indicators, school performance indicators anatomy and physiology, control models, convergence and divergence,noise pollution, environmental noise, sound mapping, urban planning, economic development, gender inequality. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of education and social studies.

  • Unveiling the Hidden Costs: Part-1: Introduction, Edition 1

    This manuscript, "Unveiling the Hidden Costs: Part-1: Introduction," offers significant contributions to the field of cancer research by illuminating the often-overlooked metabolic costs associated with cancer cell proliferation and survival. It delves into the complex mechanisms of energy consumption and waste in cancer cells, providing a comprehensive analysis that bridges gaps between metabolic reprogramming and cancer progression. This research is crucial as it not only advances our understanding of the Warburg effect and its implications on treatment strategies but also highlights potential metabolic vulnerabilities that could be targeted by future therapies.

    The findings presented herein are particularly relevant to current challenges in oncology, including resistance to traditional chemotherapies and the need for more effective, targeted treatment options. By focusing on the metabolic aspects of cancer, this work proposes new avenues for therapeutic intervention that could lead to more precise and less toxic cancer treatments. Moreover, the manuscript acts as a foundational resource that can spur further studies into metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells, potentially leading to groundbreaking discoveries in cancer metabolism and therapeutic resistance.

    In summarizing the scientific importance of this manuscript, it is clear that the insights offered could significantly influence ongoing and future research, encouraging a shift towards investigating and exploiting metabolic strategies in the battle against cancer. This approach not only promises to enhance the efficacy of cancer therapies but also contributes to a broader understanding of cancer as a metabolic disease, thus opening up new frontiers in both research and clinical practice.

  • Insights into Economics and Management Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of economics and management. The contributions by the authors include transport infrastructure, trade analysis, Chinese economy, cyclical multipliers, economic structure, agricultural food products, marketing strategy, recession probabilities, economic slowdowns, duration models, yield curve, experience marketing, customer experience management, delinquency rate, mutual guarantee institutions, regression model, church structure and management, knowledge operation management, information technology, knowledge strategies, organizational knowledge, knowledge dimensions, adaptation, dissemination, capacity development, behavioral finance, inefficient market, corporate news,, financial markets, pharmaceutical companies, probability weighting functions, decision-making process, facilities management, surveying approach, brand value, brand valuation, cost approach, income approach. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of economics and management.

  • Current Approaches in Engineering Research and Technology Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of engineering research and technology. The contributions by the authors include proton exchange membrane, interleaved DC-DC converters, hybrid energy systems, fuel cell performance, artificial neural network, design technology co-optimization, ANN model, SRAM simulation, off-site construction, housing construction, housing shortage, VME precast units, state space models, power tapping, capacitor-coupled substations, state space solution, thermal performance analysis, linear fresnel solar collector, trapezoidal receiver cavity,  heat flux distributions, absorber tube, successive approximation method, harmonic loading, impulsive loading, rolling resistance power loss, photovoltaic electric vehicles, sahelian conditions, viscoelasticity, deployed vehicle panels, sunflower oil, hydrothermal treatment, Vulcan type shell separator, demucilage, alkaline neutralization, winterization. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of engineering research and technology.

  • Recent Research Advances in Biology Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of biology research. The contributions by the authors include leaf lectin, leaf endophytic bacterium, Cratylia mollis seed lectin, Cramoll, Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, electrochemical system, oxidative stress, lectins, anticancer and antioxidant activity, Von Willebrand factor, atherosclerosis, atherothrombosis, coronary artery disease, Heyde’s syndrome, pronator teres, humeral head, ulnar head, medial intermuscular septum, coronoid process, entrapment neuropathy, nutrient foramen, nutrient artery, femur, tibia, fibula, diaphysis, soleal line, spiral line, medial crest, duchenne muscular dystrophy, fibroblasts, hyperosmolar or pro-inflammatory cell stress, climate change, phytopathogenic fungi, plant diseases, plant protection, pesticides, harmful chemicals, biodegradation, phytochemical resources, lipid rafts, membrane proteins, protein localization, regulated secretion, signaling pathway, proteome, mast cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, mesoderm specific transcript, Periodontal ligament stem cells, Periodontal tissue,  Regenerative medicine, drug targets, phytochemicals, phytochemical structure database, antrophogenic noise, anti-predator activity. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of biologyresearch.

  • Mathematics and Computer Science: Contemporary Developments Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of mathematics and computer science. The contributions by the authors include exponential generalized autoregression conditional heteroscdastiicity, combine white noise model, minimum forecast errors, Levene’s test, itô integral, Brownian motion, probabilistic functional analysis, Banach space, Cauchy problem, Darboux problem, propagation domain, nonlinear oscillations, machine learning, reinforcement learning, SHapley Additive exPlanations, support vector machines, Galois ring, algebraic cryptography, zero divisor graphs, nontrivial automorphism, kamal transform, dirac delta function, initial value problem, integrable Boehmians, classical fourier integral, \(\alpha\)- Cut Diminish Fuzzy Graph, \(\alpha\)- Cut strong arc dominates, \(\alpha\)- Cut strong global domination, fractional fourier transform, discrete fractional fourier transform, multiple-parameter discrete fractional fourier transform, peak signal to noise ratio, compression ratio, GeoGebra Applets, ChatGPT, first-order linear differential equations, effective learning experience, Vapnik's quadratic programming, linear programming, support vector machine, highly efficient SVM, machine accuracy cost. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of mathematics and computer science.

  • Modern Perspectives in Economics, Business and Management Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of economics, business and management. The contributions by the authors include deindustrialization, industrial stagnation, integrated farming, poverty alleviation, nutritional security, income generation, governance, economics, green and smart cities, computer programs, green frame, medium industrial cities, international macroeconomics, money demand, Keynesian macroeconomics, macroeconomic history, Say’s Law, liquidity trap, gold standard, depression, foresight, strategic planning, priority setting, STI policy, Islamic economy, dimensions of worship, balance, standard of living, productive management, experiential value, perceived risk, online shopping, trade union revitalization, power resources, acquisition and utilization of power resources, economic development, unfreedom, envelopment, tourism, technological orientation, performance, conventional, Islamic banking, Kenyan banking, Economic Infrastructure, Economic Effectiveness, infrastructure, net income, capital investment, economic development, human resource management practices, career satisfaction, employee turnover intention, social exchange theory, online learning, higher education scenario. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of economics, business and management.

  • Disease and Health Research: New Insights Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of disease and health research. The contributions by the authors include personalized therapy, heterozygous FH, familial hypercholesterolemia, autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia, vascular disease, mucosal immunity, novel prophylactic strategy, olfactory dysfunction, mucosal immune response, mucosal vaccine, immunosenescence, tumor-associated macrophages, oral squamous cell carcinoma, immunohistochemistry, Pompe disease, enzyme replacement therapy, progressive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, muscle biopsy, infusion-associated reactions, CRIM-negative patients, school learner pregnancies, integrated school improvement model, teacher-nurse referral, anti-stigma campaigns, monkeypox, lymphadenopathy, immunohistochemistry, eosinophilic cytoplasmic, dental education, tobacco cessation, Kerns golden rules, green tea, antioxidants, dental caries, oral malignancy, halitosis. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of disease and health research.

  • Advanced Aspects of Engineering Research Vol.12

    This book covers key areas of engineering research. The contributions by the authors include density functional theory, dye sensitized solar cells, perovskite solar cells, computational modelling, neural network, prediction system, naïve bayes, random forest, prediction algorithm, anaconda navigator, microcontroller, heart rate monitoring, sensors, passive safety, elastoplastic calculation, bending moment, deformation, gamification learning, digital logic gates, e-learning, learning experience, transmission interconnection, power flow, thermal limit, uprating transmission capacity, series capacitor compensation, green materials, conventional materials, building construction, annealing, cast structures, texture, mechanical processes, fly ash, thermal treatment, glass ceramics, mechanical properties, Spiral flow solar water heater, TRNSYS model, ASR mechanism, alkali activated cement, active aggregates, Sol gel nano sphere powder, doped YAG, solar pumped laser, energy applications, reverse osmosis, solar stiller, saline irrigation, crop yield.This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of engineering research.

  • Fundamentals and Applications of Coordination Chemistry, Edition 1

    The aim of this book is to provide a good supplementary document to students, particularly those in L2 and M1 Chemistry. It contains a lot of useful information for students and specialists in this subject and also provides many answers to their questions. Dealing with inorganic chemistry, this document is part of the evolution and continuous enrichment of the field and therefore constitutes a significant contribution to this discipline.

    The document is composed of five main chapters completed by a last part dedicated to bibliographical references and webography.

    After a very informative reminder about the atom, the author devoted the first chapter to the different types of chemical bonds and the theory of molecular orbitals. In the same spirit, he proposes to address in chapters 2 and 3, the geometry of a compound and coordination complexes, the understanding of which is necessary in this discipline. The book follows a logic by addressing in chapter 4 the theory of the crystal field which will allow students to master the stabilization energies and the Jahn Teller effect. A final part of the course is devoted to the spectroscopy and magnetism of complexes, in accordance with the rest of the program.

    The rigorous approach will be perfectly suited to chemistry students with an inorganic inclination. This book covers a large part of the program and will undoubtedly be conducive to many developments for oral lessons. Corrected exercises allow good assimilation.

    In short, all the explanations presented by Professor DIENG in this book are presented in a clear and educational way and constitute a very convincing illustration, which makes reading very enjoyable. For example, the author considered it necessary to make an introductory reminder on the atom, its electronic structure, atomic orbitals and some properties of atoms. With regard to the theory of hybridization, he proposed several examples to facilitate a better understanding of the students.

    For all the above reasons, I highly recommend reading this book to all Chemistry students.

  • Newest Updates in Physical Science Research Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of physical science research. The contributions by the authors include  relativistic formulas, dark energy, dark matter, total suspended particulates, indoor-outdoor air pollution, cloud technologies, agricultural technology management, models and algorithms, precision farming, negative mass, energy angle, special relativity, mass attenuation coefficient, synchrotron radiation, severe plastic deformation, nanostructured metals, dislocation acoustic relaxations, low temperatures, synthetic hydrocarbons, thermal decomposition, thermal stability, Imaginary numbers, invisible universes, multiverse, hyperverse, heat transfer, artificial roughnesses, discrete rib, gap arrangement, artificial geometry, Cajuput oil, Optical HSR, beam splitting/combining, traffic performance, port locking. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of physical sciences.

  • Implications of Manuring and Crop Rotation on Crop Productivity and Soil Properties in the Highlands of Ethiopia, Edition 1

    The main motivation for writing this dissertation is a profound interest in developing sustainable soil fertility management systems for crop production. The lack of organic soil amendment technology as an alternative to inorganic soil management systems is a frequently mentioned question in research, conferences, seminars, meetings, and climate change forums. Within this background, the aims of the dissertation are (a) to evaluate the effect of manuring and crop rotation on potato productivity; (b) to assess the effect of organic treatments and crop rotation on the growth and yield of bread wheat; (c) to estimate the growth and biomass yield response of clover to the preceding crop and organic treatment; and (d) to investigate the efficacy of long-term organic soil fertilization and crop rotation on soil physico-chemical properties.

    The book is divided into the introduction, materials and methods, result and discussion, summary, conclusion, and recommendation. The introduction emphasizes that soil-related challenges have become fundamental problems for Ethiopian agriculture and are a major reason for the slow growth of food production. Using organic fertilizer instead of overreliant on chemical fertilizer could be an imidate solution to further decrease soil fertility and crop yield. The methodology of the study states the research site description, treatment set-up, data collection, and method of analysis. The result and discussion part focus on the main research findings. The summary, conclusion, and recommendation part summarizes the main research output, draws conclusions, and gives full recommendations.

    Many institutions have contributed to the success of these PhD studies. My gratitude goes to the Amhara Agricultural Research Institute (ARARI) for giving me the opportunity to pursue my PhD study and for providing full financial support through the project “Smallholder Farmers’s Strategies to Cope with Climate Change” (SMACC). My thanks also go to Adet Agricultural Research Center (AARC) for providing me with planting materials, vehicles, laboratory services, and a working environment during my stay at the center. The staff of ARARI and BDU are greatly acknowledged for their efforts to facilitate financial affairs during research execution and implementation. I would also like to acknowledge my funding agencies, “The Agricultural Research for Development (ARD) and Dimension of European Research Area (ERA),” for funding the project.

  • Philanthropy, Civil Society and Terrorism

    This book examines the role of the state with regard to the regulation of the Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in the context of their linkages to terrorism. Conventional counterterrorism approaches prefer law-enforcement means - strict regulation and monitoring and even clampdown - to prevent the abuse of NGOs by terrorists. However, as this research demonstrates, exploitation of the NGOs by the terrorists is not inherently structural and the NGOs and the state have strong compatibilities with the former complimenting several functions of the state – delivery of public goods such as human security, human rights and development - often more optimally than the state.

    Hence, a strict regulatory approach towards the working of NGOs could be counterproductive. Sporadic instances of abuse or misuse of NGOs generally and charities specifically by terrorists do not merit an overwhelming law enforcement response of a severity that would stifle the spirit of philanthropy and self-help in the society.

    To the extent that the NGO sector significantly contributes to peoples’ welfare, engage in conflict avoidance and conflict management initiatives and mitigate the consequences of conflicts, pandemics, environmental or natural disasters, it becomes a competent stakeholder and a partner to the state by its own right. Therefore, co-option of the NGO sector would supplement state’s efforts to deliver various public goods efficiently. Hence, the policies, procedures, and regulations concerning NGO governance should be such that the NGO sector can continue to be a partner to the state in development, supplementing the delivery of important public goods and not be used as fronts for terrorists.

  • Current Research Progress in Physical Science Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of physical science. The contributions by the authors include laser-back scattering, shock pressure, surface temperature, heat-affected zone, solar distillation devices, top cover material, desalination, safe drinking water, holography, fourier transform, digital light field, hoxel and spectrum, Jaynes-Cummings; anti-Jaynes-Cummings; Rabi oscillations, maximal teleportation fidelity, hydrodynamic, chaotic and directed motions, degree of freedom, Euler’s equation, multi-vortex impact, thermally stratified energy, Richtmyer-Meshkov instability, supersonic flow, electron temperature, radiometric diagnostic method, relativistic dynamics, quantum particle interactions, electromagnetic induction law, general relativity, Fermi’s golden rule, matter conservation, Maxwell-Lorentz equations, energy conservation, anomalous energy devices, space hypothesis, electrostatic potential energy. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of physical science.

  • Advanced Aspects of Engineering Research Vol. 11

    This book covers key areas of engineering research. The contributions by the authors include   nanocomposites, carbon nanotube, photoluminescence spectroscopy, polaron model, friction, polymers, pitting, scar wear diameter, friction coefficient and metallographic examination, deep neural network, deep learning, AWS SageMaker, docker containers, clustering, cluster tendency, similarity measures, visual access tendency, image processing, optical measurement, geometric parameters, start up performance, compressors, winding, voltages, metrological support, tribological properties, carbon-carbon composite, braking devices, Brain-Computer-Interface, combinatorial algorithm, linear model, traditional iterative estimation methods, Man-Machine-Interface, synergetic filtering, big data, matrix factorization, ANSF modeling, deep neural network, disturbance detection, discrete fourier transform, Power Quality, PQ disturbances, signal model, multi objective Jaya algorithm, radial distribution system, solar photo voltaic, wind energy. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of engineering research.

  • Research Perspectives of Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of microbiology and biotechnology. The contributions by the authors include slow-emptying cystometry, pseudo-static cystometrogram, elastic compliance, detrusor pressure, antimicrobial activity, antimicrobial sensitivity, pharmacological standardization, DHFR gene polymorphisms, antimalarial drug resistance, Asn-108, intermittent preventive treatment, pfdhfr gene, molecular markers, rapid diagnostic tests, PCR products, gene detection rate, saliva, and urine performance, plasmodial DNA, shapiro normality test, parasite density, human papillomavirus infection, cervical cancer, sexually transmitted disease, squamous intraepithelial lesions, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, adenocarcinoma patients, cancerogenesis, carbapenem-resistant, antimicrobial susceptibility surveillance, extended-spectrum \(\beta\)-lactamase, pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis, microbial resistance trends, sinusitis, allergic fungal sinusitis, chronic suppurative otitis media, nasal polyps, aflatoxin,  mycotoxins, food additives. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of microbiology and biotechnology.

  • International Research in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of environment, geography and earth science. The contributions by the authors include exclusive economic zone, maritime domain, fly ash, immobilization, heavy metal, coal combustion, BCR sequential fractionation, vehicular emission, atmospheric pollution, air pollution, irrigation system, agriculture, crop cultivation, soil quality, land use management, remote sensing, geomorphic features, sediment quality, natural disaster, slope destabilization, landslides, culturable wastelands, vegetation activity, separability analysis, equilibrium probabilities, Markov chain analysis, microbial activity, monoculture system, legume pasture, crop rotation, Soil biological parameters, ecoplates, agro ecosystem. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of environment, geography and earth science.

  • Thermodynamics Study on the Coal Bed Methane Adsorption Characteristic, Edition 1

    Coalbed methane is an important unconventional natural gas resource. China is a big country in terms of coal resources, and coalbed methane resources are also very abundant. The development and utilization of coalbed methane are of great significance to making full use of clean energy, improving the safe production conditions of coal mines, and protecting the atmospheric environment on which human beings depend. Since the 80s of the 20th century, China has carried out experimental research and development of modern coalbed methane technology. The adsorption characteristics of coalbed methane and the mechanism of coal gas storage are extremely important for the scientific development and utilization of coalbed methane. Most of the previous studies were carried out by isothermal adsorption according to the Langmuir equation. Starting from statistical thermodynamics, this book derives a four-parameter temperature-pressure adsorption equation, or TPAE for short, so that temperature becomes a variable in the adsorption equation. These four parameters can be obtained by regression of the measured temperature and pressure adsorption data. Published measured temperature and pressure adsorption data confirm that TPAE is more practical, simple and accurate than Langmuir's equation. Using the Clausius-Clapeyron equation, the TPAE calculation results confirm that the isosteric adsorption enthalpy of coalbed methane is negative, that is, the adsorption process is an exothermic process that can be carried out spontaneously. The isosteric enthalpy of desorption of coalbed methane is positive, that is, the desorption process is an endothermic process that cannot be carried out spontaneously. The full differential of TPAE was used to accurately calculate the burial depth and adsorption amount of coal adsorption maximums under the dual action of temperature and pressure. It was confirmed that the unit isosteric adsorption enthalpy of normal coal and deformed coal decreased with the increase of adsorption amount. However, at the same temperature and pressure, normal coal is preferentially adsorbed, and deformed coal is preferentially desorbed. From the perspective of thermodynamics, the calculation of coal and gas outburst thresholds combining thermodynamics and coal firmness coefficient is proposed. Through the calculation of the thermobaric adsorption data of long-flame coal, it is concluded that the increase of burial depth, temperature and pressure only has a positive effect on long-flame coal, that is, there is no adsorption maximum value of long-flame coal. At the same time, a suggestion of using thermobaric adsorption experiments to treat the adsorption test samples of coal core desorption experiments in coal boreholes in geological exploration is proposed.

  • Advanced Aspects of Engineering Research Vol. 14

    This book covers key areas of engineering research. The contributions by the authors include technical incident risk, national power grid, power safety, Composite beams, CFRP fabric, flexural strengthening, numerical, reinforced concrete, rotary kiln, failure analysis, steam pipe, deformation, equivalent stress, ground improvement, sand columns, shear strength, slenderness ratio, group efficiency, critical path method, beeline diagramming method, schedule computation, two-way multiple overlapping relationships, consecutive activities, redundant robotic manipulators, inverse kinematics problem, obstacle avoidance, critical points, triangulation, echo sensors, arduino board, anti-cancer drugs, organic compounds, redox flow battery, electrochemical properties, adoption, sustainable development, environmental ecosystem, urbanization, massive multiple input, green synthesis, steel corrosion, weight loss, electrochemistry, plastics waste, green inhibitors, modeling thickness, cell power, current density, risk assessment. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of engineering research.

  • The Foundations of Mastering Design Thinking and Research Methods towards Sustainable Development, Edition 1

    Having taught at Universities and researched various environmental and social behavioral issues together with professional practice experience as a project manager for many consultant companies and as a juror reviewing government projects for over two decades, I find that planners and designers in Taiwan generally comply with Urban Planning Law and follow site planning process with few exceptions.

    Frequently, being part of the process of Site Planning (SP) initiated by Kevin Lynch, terms such as Schematic Design (SD), Detail Development (DD), and Specification (Spec) have been used to indicate the status of planning and design procedure in every professional project since 1962, regardless of urban planners, landscape architects, and architects. Today, most students and even professionals in Taiwan follow the SP process to collect and compile data to fill in the chapters in Project Reports and Request for Proposals (RFP) based on the nine stages of Site Planning without thinking “Why?” and with no expecting what the consequences are going to be created for their projects during the process.

    Lynch’s “nine stages” of SP starts from defining the problem, programming after analyzing the site and user, developing schematic design and preliminary cost estimate, finalizing developed design and detailed costing, contract documents for bidding and contracting together with construction, and following up with occupation and management (Lynch and Hack, 1984). This typical SP cycle has been applied to most professional projects and for academic teaching since the 1900s. However, the process of the stages seems to be utilized more appropriately for sites with some developments rather than a wilderness area such as the Mojave Desert, which is sparsely populated and only receives less than 50 mm of rain annually. If a developer owns a parcel of land in the desert and asks an architect to create a resort master plan for development, the SP process seems to be less useful in such a case due to no user living on-site and a lack of existing infrastructure for supporting such activities.

    To tackle environmental and social issues such as extreme climate change, global warming, rising sea levels, aging population, and the COVID-19 pandemic, I believe that many previous theories and methods of planning and doing design together with research need to be reviewed and revised. Here, issues of environmental and social are interrelated.

    On July 20, 2021, a record of four-day downpour massively flooded the central city of Zhengzhou, where the city (so-called sponge city) had already invested over $200,000 million dollars (CNY) since 2016 to redesign its infrastructure including the installation of pavements, rain gardens, green roofs, and urban wetlands to prevent floods from happening but it failed. On the other hand, Japan built the “Kasukabe Underground Flood Protection Tank” so-called “Outer Underground Discharge Channel” in 1992 and completed it in June 2006, which was innovative thinking dealing with floods dissimilar to Sponge City.

    Since then, this channel project together with other strategies such as locating more retaining ponds has made the Kasukabe area no floods occurring. Here, if “sponge city” is a theory of thinking associated with sustainable development, infrastructures such as permeable pavements, rain gardens, green roofs, and wetlands are part of traditional methods to reduce floods. Unfortunately, the concept of sponge city and strategies of low-impact development did not protect Zhengzhou from flooding, since the volume of rainfall was beyond the water absorption capacity of the infrastructure. When rainfall volume is predictable, the flood may be controllable but Zhengzhou is not the case. However, to achieve environmental sustainability and to mitigate unknown external environmental influences such as global warming, sea level rising, extreme climate change, and aging population and total low fertility rate affecting social sustainability, many previous planning and design theories are probably out of date and unable to take care of current environmental issues. New researches based on innovative thinking need to be integrated into previous theories.

    Generally, a method is a process of achieving a task or a way of doing something based on a theory of conception, thinking, reflection, and consideration. Methods and theories are in fact interrelated. Only when students and the built environment professionals understand the underlying connections, they will then choose the easiest approach/method to complete projects in a shorter time and within their budget.

    Although there are books discussing planning, design, and research methods, very few are able to draw a full range of interrelated thinking. Instead of creating a new integrated method or theory, this book seeks to highlight critical thinking behind methods and theories by deriving from existing literature and research work together with professional case studies for discussing and speeding up the process of planning and designing, after fully understanding their complicated connections. It is expected that this textbook is an advanced resource of documentation for students, the built environment professions, and researchers.

    This book begins with a broad exposition of what methods and theories of thinking in areas of planning, design, and research. Chapter 2 outlines and discusses issues of planning and design methods based on case studies. Chapter 3 presents the critical thoughts of research methods. Chapter 4 addresses the theory of thinking and methods associated with unpredictable futures. Chapter 5 highlights the important principles associated with outdoor design. Chapter 6 concludes discussions by suggesting that joining up the professional practice and academic specialists to face future uncertainty together with the basic attitude possessed by researchers and by the built environment professions.

  • New Ideas Concerning Science and Technology Vol. 10

    This book covers key areas of science and technology research. The contributions by the authors include reading function, computer-based teaching methodology, coincidence detection learning, artificial neural networks’ modeling, artificial neural network modeling, reading brain performance, associative memory, self?organized learning, command and control, bounded rationality constraints, hierarchical, conditional probability density function, computational intelligence and information management, Randic index, sum-connectivity index, transformation graphs, compliment graph, innovative pedagogic approaches, pyrolysis, viscosity, hydrocarbon mixtures, predictive model, finite element method, Timoshenko beam theory, composite materials mechanics, static and dynamic analysis of beams, phase transitions, solar cell materials, structural properties, electronic properties, maximal visible polygon, gradient search, guardhouse problem, diagnosis and management competencies. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of science and technology.

  • Scientific Research, New Technologies and Applications Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of scientific research, new technologies and applications. The contributions by the authors include skin bleaching, skin care, blue-gray hyperpigmentation, sensory protein signal transduction, robotic vision, carbon optimized domain, ICOD technique, hydrophobic domain identification, functional protein data, explainable augmented intelligence, ultrasonic phased array data, crack characterization, AutoNDE, SPL heat conduction, Neumann boundary condition, age-related macular degeneration, optical coherence tomography, retinal imaging, subretinal drusenoid deposits, geographic atrophy, AI-based OCT tools, sustainable mobility, theory of planned behavior, Godin Shephard’s scale, FPGA integration, image steganography, least significant bit, discrete wavelet transform, information hiding systems, homography transformation, stacked hourglass networks, video augmentation, image generation, student performance, adaptive structuration theory, machine learning algorithms, exploratory data analysis, disparities in performance. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of scientific research, new technologies and applications.

  • Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 11

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical research. The contributions by the authors include pre-auricular sinus, extra-pulmonary region, tuberculosis, lymphadenitis, breast carcinoma, core needle biopsy, sentinel lymph node dissection, thoracoabdominal flap, thyroiditis, fishbone, caesarean section, Robson’s classification, anemia, iron deficiency, physical activity, overweight, obesity, ovarian masses disorder, benign neoplastic lesions, neoplastic malignant lesions, gynaecological problem, abnormal vaginal discharge, bacterial vaginosis, meningitis, prone position, COVID-19, acute respiratory distress syndrome, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, Vaping, respiratory distress, lysozyme, thermal stabilization, scoliosis, deformity, brace treatment, radiography, idiopathic scoliosis, functional tethering, extracorporeal shock wave therapy, Chêneau brace, soft brace treatment, physiotherapy, velocity bracing, cerebral toxoplasmosis, diagnosis, toxoplasma infection, western blot technique, autoimmunity, common variable immunodeficiency disorder, systemic lupus erythematosus, primary immunodeficiency. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical research.

  • English Oral Communication Achievement of the Bachelor of Arts Students Major in English for International Communication at Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna, Tak Campus, Thailand, Edition 1

    In a world where communication knows no boundaries, the ability to articulate thoughts and ideas in English has become a vital skill. This book, “English Oral Communication Achievement of the Bachelor of Arts Students Major in English for International Communication at the Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna, Tak Campus, Thailand,” digs into the intricacies of English language proficiency among students poised to become global communicators.

    The endeavor documented within these pages is one of dedication, perseverance, and the relentless pursuit of excellence. It explores the myriad factors influencing English oral communication skills, from individual aptitude and motivation to the broader educational environment. Through comprehensive research and analysis, this work sheds light on the challenges and triumphs faced by students as they navigate their academic and professional journey.

    This book is not merely an academic effort; it is a testament to the transformative power of education. It underscores the importance of tailored learning interventions and the pivotal role of educators in shaping the communicative competencies of future leaders. By highlighting the successes and areas for improvement, it aims to inspire educators, policymakers, and students alike to strive for greater heights in English language education.

    As you embark on this exploration of English oral communication achievement, may you find insights that resonate with your experiences and aspirations. Let this book serve as a beacon of knowledge and a catalyst for continued growth in the field of English for International Communication.

  • Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical science. The contributions by the authors include medication, drugs, drug expiry, drug efficacy, math anxiety, timed exams, grade level, content, teacher’s practices, cognitive, social interaction, autologous germ cells replant effect, increasing environmental estrogen, decreased endogenous estrogen, contraception, gastric cancer, bone marrow, tumor hypoxia, disseminated tumor cells, NMP spectrometry, global contraception, aborted blood pollution, contraceptive menstrual blood pollution, global hypoxia, global warming, global recession, autologous germ cell replants, contraception reversal, defaulted genomic repertoire, deranged cell metabolism, human cataract, cervicarthrosis, epidemiology, cervical lordosis, cervicarthrosis DRC, anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome, thrombosis, acoustic trauma, artillery weapon, noise dose, diet supplementation, gluten intolerance, digestive troubles, spinal canal dimensions, discectomy, MRI spine, adipocytes, neoplasms, megameatus intact prepuce, surgical management options, hemispheric dominance, auditory acuity, microparticle immunoassay process, latex-enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical science.

  • Medicine and Medical Research: New Perspectives Vol. 12

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical research. The contributions by the authors include pathogen detection, genotype detection methods, healthcare-associated infections, hospital environment, acute appendicitis, anderson score, histopathology, parasternal bupivacaine injection, pain management, coronary artery bypass grafting, bupivacaine in cardiac surgery, occult neoplasm, parotid cyst, adenoid cystic carcinoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, retinoblastoma, pediatric oncology, Buckner test, public education, hair regrowth, alopecia areata, MSC derived conditioned media, severity of alopecia tool score, vascular endothelial growth factor, psoralen plus ultraviolet-a irradiation therapy, acute abdomen, laparoscopy, therapeutic interventions, bone marrow biopsy, pancytopenia, megaloblastic anaemia, acute leukemia, alobar holoprosencephaly, cyclopia, congenital anomaly,  genetic understanding, pyridoxine, mefenamic acid, premenstrual syndrome, Fischer's probability test, morbidly adherent placenta, multiple uterine fibroids, retained placenta, hysterotomy, phonocardiography, cardiac rhythmic events, bark spectrogram, non-gaussian intrinsic mode functions. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of medicine and medical research.

  • Challenging Issues on Environment and Earth Science Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of environment and earth science. The contributions by the authors include treeline, climate change, age structure, reindeer browsing, megafossils, polycomponent ores, dynamo metamorphism, mechanometasomatites, noble metals, microaggregates, nanophases, trace minerals, ore-forming system, geochemical micro anomalies, water sanitation, water quality, phytoremediation, textile effluents, salt affected soils, salt hyper accumulating plant, household waste management, municipal solid waste, water urban availability, green roof technology, ecosystem services, phytotherapy, environmental mitigation, underwater acoustic sensor network, morphometric analysis, geometry, ecotype, operational taxonomic unit, relative warp Analysis. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of environment and earth science.

  • Medicine and Medical Research: New Perspectives Vol. 11

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical research. The contributions by the authors include human papillomavirus, carcinogenesis, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, cervical cancer, HPV prevalence, intraoperative durotomies, pseudomeningocele, epidural blood patch, stem cell leukemia gene, diabetic cystopathy, DCP-related alterations, local flap technique, compound leg injuries, fasciocutaneous flap, extrapulmonary tuberculosis, cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test, Harden’s ladder, competency-based medical education, CBME curriculum, body imaging techniques, biomedical research, duel-energy X-Ray absorptiometry, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, computed axial tomography, bioelectric impedance analysis, colorenal fistula, renal tumour cryotherapy, thoracoabdominal computed tomography, total colectomy, ileorectal anastomosis, terminal ileum perforation, cardiopulmonary auscultation, inguinal hernia repair, sutured hernia repair, prolene hernia system, desarda repair, pulmonary hypertension, congestive heart failure, particularly atrial fibrillation, anesthesia management. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of medicine and medical research.

  • Current Approaches in Science and Technology Research Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of science and technology research. The contributions by the authors include environmental protection, pollution, trace metals, indicator, heavy metal, township and pollution, Automatic adjustment, compensation method, irradiation, metallic environment, mobile antennas, putrefaction, aborted fetuses, dead young parents, aborted blood, contraceptive menstrual blood, splitting of the earth, spontaneous combustion of environment, mandatory live humans, baby boom, environmental monitoring, Crack detection, image processing, genetic algorithm, deep learning, glycine max, flavonoid, herbivory, mechanical damage, secondary metabolite, atmospheric emissivity, atmospheric radiation, ceilometer, cloud parameterization , imperialism, Minna society's evolution, stratified random sampling with optimum allocation, rural population, forest bioenergy, cloud feedback, pyranometer, pyrgeometer, ventilation system, steady state solution, simulations and probability, E-Commerce, M-Commerce, consumer behavior, semi-Markov process, sales completion time. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of science and technology research.

  • Research Advances in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 10

    This book covers key areas of environment, geography and earth science. The contributions by the authors include contingent valuation, ecosystem services, herbal medicines, tobit analysis of willingness, deposit materials, persistent organic pollutants, environmental impact, heavy metals pollution, stroke prevalence, spatial regression analyses, satellite remote sensing imagery, remote sensing, foreshore sediments, tidal morphological construction process, coastal morphology, tidal cycle, precipitation index-rainfall anomaly index, extreme drought, climatic variables, micro irrigation methods, solar nebula, planetary distances, laplace resonance, titius-bode relation, spatial variability, mechanical properties, sedimentary rocks, stress-strain curves, microcracks, iFTEM-I system, hydrological survey, fixed-wing time-domain airborne electromagnetic method, induced pulse transient, SPECTREM system. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of environment, geography and earth science.

  • Advanced Aspects of Engineering Research Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of engineering research. The contributions by the authors include finite element analysis, piezoelectric compliance, ultrasonic vibration assisted milling, preparing surface edge treatment, vibration mechanism, machining automotive material, nozzle coolant system, thermal effect, round robin CPU scheduling algorithm, prioritize processes, residual burst time, specified time quantum mechanism,  polynomial characteristics, unsteady algebraic equation, criterion of stability,  attachment of polynomials, stability markers, roots of the algebraic equation, Hurwitz’s polynomial theory, Wiebe combustion model, high-rise residential technology, building information modeling, Neural machine translation, ergonomic interface, irrigation water quality, Coupled electromagnetic and temperature fields, electromagnetic processing of metals, induction heating, diffusion, mathematical modeling, tensile strength, hybrid power system, current electrification rate, hydropower, solar-battery. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of engineering research.

  • Contemporary Research and Perspectives in Biological Science Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of research and perspectives in biological science. The contributions by the authors include exogenous enzyme supplementation, broiler finisher chickens, apparent nutrient digestibility, cassava peel meal, Bovine herpesvirus 2 infection, antibody production, inflammatory skin lesions, oral health, wound healing, cell-surface hydrophobicity, atopic dermatitis therapy, epidermal differentiation complex, targeted immunomodulating therapy, skin barrier dysfunction, chymase inhibitor therapy, chromatin diminution, genome reorganization, C-enigma, genetic isolation, non-coding DNA, definitive host, spargana, faecal smear, adult worm, paratenic host, hamster mic, Spirometra tapeworm, synergistic interactions, cholangiocarcinoma, cytotoxic assay, nosocomial pathogen, bacterial growth curve, probiotics, prebiotics, Intestinal microflora, piscicidal activity, cement plastering pond, fish mortalities, harmful algal bloom, toxic dinoflagellate species, Cochlodinium blooms, zooplankton diversity, cultural eutrophication. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of research and perspectives in biological science.

  • This is Autism: Breakthrough Research Discoveries

    Autism is neither neurodevelopmental nor a disorder.  It is simply an inherent neurophysiological difference in how the brain processes information.

    Autism is perpetual and unrelenting hyperfocus, the state of intense single-minded concentration fixated on one thought pattern at a time to the exclusion of everything else, including one’s own feelings.  We who are autistic live in a specialized inner space that is entirely intellectual, free from emotional and social distractions.  We observe the world in scholarly detail, but without any emotional attachment to what we see.

  • Herbicides: Unraveling Their Influence on Crop Management, Edition 1

    Herbicides have become essential tools in modern agriculture, significantly contributing to increased crop yields and efficiency by effectively managing weed growth. As the global population grows, the challenge of producing enough food intensifies, making innovations like herbicides crucial for meeting this demand.

    This book offers a comprehensive look at herbicides, covering their historical development, mechanisms of action, types, and the benefits they bring to agriculture. We also delve into the environmental and health implications of herbicide use, examining both the advancements and the controversies they entail. Issues such as herbicide resistance, environmental impact, and human health risks are discussed, providing a balanced perspective informed by scientific research and case studies.

    Intended for students, researchers, agricultural professionals, farmers and policymakers, this book aims to foster a deeper understanding of herbicides and their role in sustainable farming practices. We hope it serves as a valuable resource for informed decision-making and the promotion of sustainable agricultural practices.

    We extend our gratitude to the experts and researchers whose contributions have been invaluable to this work. Their dedication to advancing agricultural science and sustainability continues to inspire and guide us.

    Join us in exploring the complex and fascinating world of herbicides in agriculture, and together, let's work towards a sustainable future for global food production.

  • Recent Developments in Engineering Research Vol. 12

    This book covers key areas of engineering research. The contributions by the authors include   green building, regionalism, traditional architecture, architectural environment, impact factors, directions of the creation and designing, sustainable development, cost and time optimization, mechanical energy, probabilistic fatigue life, complex structure, time-dependent, artificial neural network, surrogate model, magnetic intermetallics, electronic structure calculations, phase stability prediction, electricity generation, fossil fuels, hard coal consumption, energy sources structure, trends and changes in electricity production, adaptive spatial filter, wavelet domain, noise reduction, medical imaging, hierarchical correlation map, wavelet functions, banking industry, movie recommender system, user similarity, opinion mining, aspect extraction, Mobile Ad hoc Networks, convolution windows, side lobe level ratio, transesterification, biodiesel, heterogeneous catalyst, large eddy simulation, turbulence modeling, combustion, combustor modeling, gas turbine, thermal boundary, industrialized building system, analytical hierarchy process, expert choice comparison, S-band electron linac for RI production, X-band portable electron linac, dynamic tracking cancer therapy, on-site X-ray bridge inspection, table-top laser doelectric electron/ion accelerator, dynamic observation of DNA damage/repair by radiation. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of engineering research.

  • Medicine and Medical Research: New Perspectives Vol. 10

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical research. The contributions by the authors include multiple sclerosis, autoimmune disease, hypovitaminosis D, overactive and underactive thyroid, dopamine function, rotenone, glutathione, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, COX-2 inhibitors, dental implants, implant failure, osseointegrated implants, BioHorizons implants, antisense DNA oligomer, histone deacetylase 1 mRNA, NAD-dependent enzymes, anticancer therapeutics, organ preservation treatment, clinical T1bN0M0 thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, chemoradiotherapy, esophageal cancer, community health workers, pregnant adolescents, counselling skills, theory of reasoned action, basal cell carcinoma, local fasicocuataneous flaps, rhomboid flap, cosmetic results, tuberculosis, otorhinolaryngology, malignant neoplasm, ears, nose and throat region, submandibular tuberculous lymphadenopathy, laryngeal mask airway, endotracheal intubation, capnograph, sympatho-adrenal reflex activity, peptide biomarkers, cerebrospinal fluid, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, neuroinflammation. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of medicine and medical research.

  • New Ideas Concerning Science and Technology Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of science and technology research. The contributions by the authors include polymer composites, natural fibers, date palm-stem fibre, hybrids, dynamic adsorption, fixed-bed column, adsorbent–adsorbate modeling, artificial neural network, water quality index, principal component analysis, multiple linear regression, resistivity, vertical electrical sounding, mapping, landfill leachate, groundwater contamination, Kendall’s coefficient, hazards, risk assessment, proportional importance index, unified acceptance technology, mobile apps, imaginary numbers, special theory of relativity, dark matter, dark energy, dark space, invisible universe, hyperverse, technological singularity, multiwalled carbon nanotubes, modeling and simulations, infectious disease diagnosis, nanotechnology, DNA hybridization, river bank filtration, river discharge, water purifying technology. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of science and technology.

  • Recent Developments in Chemistry and Biochemistry Research Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of chemistry and biochemistry research. The contributions by the authors include pathogenic fungi, antifungal activity, growth inhibition, moringa treatment, mononuclear bis(2-aminopyridine) zinc complex, nuclear magnetic resonance, 1H and 13C NMR spectra, aminopyridines, tetrazole hybrids, anti-oxidant agents, morpholine, nitrogen-heterocyclic scaffolds, cholecystokinin B receptor, epoxy/thiol-ene photopolymerization technique, glass-fiber epoxy composites, foamed epoxy polymers, thermoset polymers, greenhouse gas emissions, biofuels, agricultural crops, biomass to liquids technology, biosynthetic natural gas, antioxidant properties, novel 2-phenyl-3-sustituted quinazoline-4-ones, superoxide dismutase, plasma lipid peroxidation, DPPH method, acute phosgene gas exposure, positron emission tomography, phosgene poisoning, pulmonary edema, hexamethylene tetraamine, 5-hydroxytryptophan, nephrotoxicity, kidney injury, sex difference, gonadectomy, ovariectomy, renal dysfunction, tubular damage, Single nucleotide substitution, computational tool, molecular docking, bioinformatics, cheminformatics, activated carbon, microwaves, nanoparticles, adsorption, microbiological properties. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of chemistry and biochemistry research.

  • Current Topics on Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of mathematics and computer science. The contributions by the authors include harmonious labeling, symmetrical tree of diameter four, fixed point derivatives, underwater communication, fish movement study, acoustic signal, data communication, focused crawler, hyperlink, anchor text, Sibling, World Wide Web, yarn dynamics, equations of motion, virtual forces, numerical simulations, modeling, tension, balloon theory, unwinding simulations, winding angle, multiple vacations, heterogeneous servers, markov chain, ordering policy, triangle geometry, parametric methods, non-Parametric methods, parametric chi-square tests, non-parametric chi-square tests, Molodtsov Soft sets, euler, mutually orthogonal theory, non-additivity, design generation, Youden square, Hyper Graeco-latin, negative hypergeometry, negative binomial, approximations, games applications, simulation, chaos theory, chaotic circuits, Chua’s circuit, Monte Carlo Integration algorithm, randomness,  multilayer perceptron, Computed Tomography scan, Magnetic Resonance Imaging. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of mathematics and computer science.

  • Encyclopedia of Individual Work-Related Personality Traits, Attitudes, and Behaviors: Understanding People at Workplace, Edition 1

    Understanding the complexities of individual personality traits, attitudes, and behaviors in the workplace is essential for both organizational success and employee well-being. This book, Encyclopedia of Individual Work-Related Personality Traits, Attitudes, and Behaviors: Understanding People at the Workplace, is designed to be a comprehensive guide for those looking to explore how these factors influence workplace dynamics.

    Throughout my career, I have had the opportunity to research and teach on topics related to organizational behavior, human resource management, and workplace psychology. This book emerged from the need to provide a detailed resource that could serve both new researchers and seasoned professionals in understanding the interplay between personality traits and work behaviors. The interrelated nature of traits, attitudes, and behaviors means that they often overlap, making it challenging to neatly categorize them. However, this encyclopedia attempts to provide clarity by drawing on existing literature, internet sources, and my own academic insights.

    The objective of this work is to assist researchers, students, and HR professionals in identifying, analyzing, and applying these concepts in practical settings. By offering a broad exploration of topics—from counterproductive work behaviors to leadership styles—I hope this encyclopedia will contribute to more productive and harmonious workplace environments.

    I want to express my gratitude to my co-author, Muhammad Nawaz Baloch, for his valuable contributions, and to the many researchers whose work has been referenced. This book has undergone thorough peer review, and I extend my thanks to the reviewers for their insightful feedback.

    It is my hope that readers find this work to be a useful tool in their research and practice, leading to a deeper understanding of workplace behaviors and how to foster a positive and inclusive work culture.

  • Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of pharmaceutical research. The contributions by the authors include novel drug delivery system, buccal cavity, hepatic metabolism, bioavailability, plant-derived antimalarial drugs, antimalarial drug, viscum album lectin, adjuvant therapy, anti-tumor effects, radio-chemotherapy, drug-induced cytotoxicity, bactericidal efficacy, phytochemical screening, bacterial infection, pheochromocytoma, metastatic carcinoma, adrenal malignant tumor, abdominal computed tomography, metastatic lymphadenopathy, obstructive sialadenitis, apoptosis, carcinogen, actinic keratosis, antioxidant power assays, bacterial inhibition, sulfonylurea receptors, bioenergetics, cirrhosis, anti-inflammatory activity, porphyrin-based biomemetic systems, gamma-ray emitting radioisotopes. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of pharmaceutical research.

  • Theory and Applications of Intelligent Coal Blending in Coal Petrology, Edition 1

    Coal petrographic blending is the use of coal petrological parameters for coking coal blending.  The Ammosov-Shapiro petrographic method represents the mass detail of the vitrinite reflectance distribution and the mass detail of all microscopic components as a mathematical function. The mass details determine the strength and composition balance of the coke made from this coal blend, and thus the coke properties. This book first solves the problem of how to transform the problem of petrography coal blending into a mathematical set problem.  Then, solves how to verify the correctness of the theory of intelligent petrographic coal blending according to the actual situation of China's coking plant.   Based on the concept of fuzzy sets, data processing and calculation methods, the theory of intelligent coal blending in coal petrology creatively defines two sets and their elements to solve the problem of accurately predicting coke quality, effectively managing coking coal yards, and scientifically calculating coal blending ratios.

  • Challenging Issues on Environment and Earth Science Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of environment and earth science. The contributions by the authors include carbon capture and storage, human controlled wetland, venetian lagoon, fish ponds, carbon sink, lagoon environment, environmental floor, structural feasibility, carbon offset, pearl farming, French Polynesia, oyster culture, husk charcoal, grape peels charcoal, saponified biomass polymer, metal injected wood, organic loading rate, volatile fatty acid, hydraulic retention time, biofilm, biogas, hydraulic retention time, microorganisms, anaerobic biofilm reactor, GNSS accuracy, multipath, tree canopy, granular class, bearing strength, Optimum Modified Proctor, gravel lateritic soils, pavement, gully development mapping, geospatial technology, pollution sources, Heart rate, arterial blood pressure, histogram, spectrum, radiopharmaceuticals, radioisotope. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of environment and earth science.

  • Medicine and Medical Research: New Perspectives Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical research. The contributions by the authors include early-onset colorectal cancer, early screening, genetic screening, inflammatory bowel disease, nevus lipomatosis, dermal anomaly, pedunculated lipofibroma, horn cysts, post spinal headache, central neural block, anaesthetic techniques, spinal complications, Bartonella henselae, cat scratch disease, oroya fever endemic, endocarditis, Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, personal protective equipment, the transmembrane serine protease 2, skull fracture, intracranial injury, extramural hematoma, advanced trauma life support training, parkinsons hyperpyrexia syndrome, dopamine deficiency, mimicking neuroleptic malignant syndrome, antiparkinson medications, disseminated intravascular coagulation, pediatric dental pyramid, dental fear and anxiety, digital influences, behavioral management problems, blood glucose values, cellular metabolism, chronic hyperglycemia, therapy of diabetes, stress-reaction, eumetabolism, tissue carcinoembryonic antigen expression, lymphovascular invasion, classical adenocarcinoma, epigallocatechin gallate, mitochondrial DNA level, malonaldehyde content, burn wound progression, NLRP3 inflammasome, behavioral activation therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, comorbid depression, diabetes management behaviors, anterolateral ligament, knee reconstructive surgery, Gerdy's tubercle, reconstructive surgery, hydrolytic enzymes, anti-cancer drugs, cancer chemotherapeutics, drug metabolism. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of medicine and medical research.

  • International Research in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of environment, geography and earth science. The contributions by the authors include iron fertilization, phytoplankton, productivity, grazing control analysis, minimal sulfur compounds, iron fertilization, diatoms, ABAQUS numerical code, above ground grass biomass, density distribution, carbon emissions, biodiversity conservation, ecological limitations, population density, stability, symptote, carrying capacity, oscillations, bacteriological parameters, climate change, public health problems, water treatment methods, chemical decantation, microbiological contamination, microbiological pollution, water treatment, antibiotic sensitivity, bacterial contamination, pessimistic hypothesis, hydrological models, water assessment tools, anaerobic digestion, biodegradability potential, mesophilic bio digestion. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of environment, geography and earth science.

  • Mathematics and Computer Science: Contemporary Developments Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of mathematics and computer science. The contributions by the authors include swiss re mortality bond, catastrophic bonds, mortality risk, model-independent bound, p-valent modal quadratic residue, diophantine equations, Gauss’ Lemma, quadratic reciprocity law, service-oriented architecture, yet another workflow language, business process reengineering, business process execution language, genetic algorithm, Darwinian natural selection, generational evolution, nature-inspired heuristic techniques, cost-effective IoT-driven intruder detection system, machine learning based face recognition, IoT security, OpenCV, federal information processing standards, security confirmation, product security, digital security, tear ferning images, automated grading, vector characteristics, gray level co-occurrence matrix, texture analysis, energy efficient algorithm, Bellman-Ford Algorithm, Dijkstra's Algorithm, distributed computing networks. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of mathematics and computer science.

  • Challenges in Disease and Health Research Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of disease and health research. The contributions by the authors include chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, inflammation, moxibustion, glucocorticoid steroid, moxa smoke, moxibustion, atherosclerosis, MR defecography, functional constipation, dyssynergic defecation, bladder cancer, carcinogen, malignant cells, urine cytology, ultrasonic toothbrush, dental plaque control, ultrasonic brushing, bioaccumulation, heavy metals, tolerable limits, transfer coefficients, pregnancy, urinary tract infection, susceptibility, nursing Work Index, exercise, biomolecules, tipping points, E-cigarette, Nicotine vapor, Tobacco regulation, FDA, Tobacco harm reduction, E-cigarette, nicotine vapor, Tobacco regulation, Tobacco harm reduction, healthcare system, traditional medicine. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of disease and health research.

  • Scientific Research, New Technologies and Applications Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of scientific research, new technologies, and applications. The contributions by the authors include satellite transmission quality, spectrum analyzer, cloud attenuation model, machine learning projection, atomic graph representations, affine equation, electronic structure, static foam stabilization, Bartsch shaking method, volatile components, surfactant foams, yoga therapy, hypertension, scientific yoga module, yoga performance assessment, fish mortalities, algal blooms, eutrophication, phytoplankton abundance, early warning system, motion leap device, anthropomorphic gripper, Handcommander module, interface controller application, command-and-control strategy, microorganism community, gas chromatography, arid salt accumulation, executive dysfunction, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, abnormal brain network. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of scientific research, new technologies, and applications.

  • Recent Progress in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of microbiology and biotechnology. The contributions by the authors include osteoarthritis, dietary supplement, cat’s claw, inflammation, flexibility, nutraceutical, natural product, maize lethal necrosis diseases, end stage renal disease, superficial fungal infections, dermatophytes, non-dermatophytes, heamodialysis, diabetic nephropathy, Imidacloprid, biodegradation, dipyridamole, lymphoid cells, IFN-synthesis, antiviral agent, tomato Indeterminate varietal entries, vegetative growth, organoleptic quality assessment, biochemical analysis, enterovirus infections, antiviral treatment, human pathology, latex agglutination tests, Clostridial toxins, industrial cultures, lectin domain, carbohydrate binding, intra-molecular relationships, medical biotechnology, microbiology, insecticide, xenobiotics, cervical cancer, exosomes, tetraspanins, phenolic compounds, fermentation, nutrients bioavailability, human nutrition. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of microbiology and biotechnology.

  • Business, Management and Economics: Research Progress Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of business, management and economics. The contributions by the authors include internal audit, resource-based theory, theory of organizational behavior, the diamond model, vocational rehabilitation models, chronic schizophrenia, sheltered employment, clubhouse model, workplace fundamental model, business intelligence, decision theory, strategic intelligence, value chain performance, data envelopment analysis, rice distribution chains, consumer dynamics, rice chain, agri-food development, food safety, strategic business units, strategic planning, corporate diversification, corporate culture, customer-oriented strategies, unhealthy competition law competitive interactions, health care substitutions, market-oriented reforms, law of anti-monopoly, granger causality test, vector error correction model, Dickey-Fuller test, Indian petro retail, radio frequency identification technology, fuel station management, island display system. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of business, management and economics.

  • PRISM Approach and Its Impact on Poverty Reduction in Nepal

    This Book is a result of my research work for the requirement of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Agricultural Economics entitled Prosperity Realization through Irrigation & Smallholder Market Approach (PRISM) and its impact on vegetable farming and reducing poverty in Nepal. The PRISM Approach is the unique Market oriented approach developed and implemented by International Development Enterprises International (IDE International). PRISM approach is a set of tools that are used to develop an understanding of the unique situation of the rural poor and to create sustainable solutions to rural poverty. The approach have been used by IDE International ( INGO-USA) working in few Asian and African countries  in poverty alleviation by involving millions of small farm household into market and create sustainable business to generate farm employment and income in order to reduce rural poverty. The approach, which has been used in Nepal for reducing the rural poor in few selected districts of Nepal, has been evaluated for its real impact on income generation and livelihood improvements of the rural farmers. The research findings have been published in various national and international Journals. The manuscripts published are collected and presented in the form of Chapters in this Book. I hope this book will be very useful and will meet the demand of the users/readers to the extent possible. I would like to welcome the constructive comments and suggestions from the users/readers which would be very valuable for the improvement of future publications.

    I would like to express my sincere and deep sense of gratitude to the following Scholars for their valuable guidance, constructive suggestions, keen interest and untiring supports during the entire period of this study.

    Professor Dr. Punya Prasad Regmi, Chairman of my Advisory Committee, Department of Agricultural Economics, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS, TU). At present he is the Vice Chancellor of Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal.

    Professor Dr. Resham Bahadur Thapa, Professor Dr. Durga Mani Gautam and Professor Dr. Ganesh Man Gurung, Members of the Advisory Committee. At Present Dr. Ganesh Man Gurung is a Chancellor of Western Region University, Region-4. Nepal.

    Professor Narendra Kumar Chaudhary Dean of the IAAS, TU.

    Professor Dr. Gopal Bahadur KC, Assistant Dean (Academics) and Coordinator of the Postgraduate Program, IAAS,TU.

    Dr. Krishna Bahadur Karki, the retired Senior Soil Scientist, NARC.

    I would like to appreciate and thank to Mr. Janga Bahadur Gurung and Mr. Falman Gurung including their team members who gave me full supports for data collection from Kapilvastu and Kaski districts, respectively. I would also like to thank all respondents of Kapilvastu and Kaski districts who provided invaluable and reliable information during the field survey.

    Very special appreciation and thank goes to my youngest son Mr. Muktisen Gurung who helped me at various stages of this study right from questionnaire preparation, data tabulation, compilation, processing and data analysis. It is a matter of my immense pleasure to express my deep gratitude and heartfelt respect to my parents who brought me in this universe to accomplish a high level educational degree which can rarely happen at the age of sixties. I would also like to express a very special sense of love and appreciation to my wife Mrs. Indira Gurung, sons Mr. Bibek Sen Gurung and Mukti Sen Gurung, daughter-in-laws, Mrs. Sarmila Gurung and Pushpa Gurung and grand- daughters Numa Sara Gurung, Melissa Gurung and Grandson Mr. Miles Sen Gurung for their affections, inspirations and untiring supports and care. Finally, I would like to acknowledge all those individuals and institutions who helped me directly or indirectly in making this study a success and bringing this BOOK as an output.

  • Current Research Progress in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of agricultural sciences. The contributions by the authors include preservation methods, quality of rhizome, sensory quality, danshen, sunflower genotypes, sulphur nutrition, edible oil, intensive cropping with high yielding varieties, mechanization, oil seed production, precision farming, yellow revolution, extension agrometeorology, agro-advisory, climate change, sustainable agricultural productivity, crop growth stages, management practices, soil and water conservation, cropping system, monocropping, artificial intelligence, machine learning, improve soil performance, AI-driven approach management-oriented modelling, digital elevation model, spotted pod borer, webbed flowers, Indian bean, larval population, pomegranate peel extract, postharvest treatments, storage behavior, broad beans, climate-smart agriculture, farmer perceptions, climatic variability. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of agricultural sciences.

  • Insights into Economics and Management Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of economics and management. The contributions by the authors include non-point source pollution, abatement technology, ambient charge, Bertrand competition, weedicides, herbicides, cognitive image, tourism development, empowerment and community, societies development, society development, global cost of credit, Macaulay duration, advantages of monetary and temporal indicators, global shocks, fractional polynomial regression, internal consistency of gross domestic products, GDP calibration, credit unions, loan defaults, non-performing loans, factors of loan default, microfinance, women empowerment, corporate management approaches, organizational commitment, human resource practices. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of economics and management.

  • Mathematics and Computer Science: Contemporary Developments Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of mathematics and computer science. The contributions by the authors include  logic gate circuits, python, truth table, error-free solution process, HIV Infection, fractional differential transform method, stability analysis, CD4+T cells, Laplace adomain decomposition method, lyapunov direct method, real numbers, MAX-MIN methods, finite sequences, geogebra applets, artificial intelligence, separable variable differential equations, technological tools, Gemini AI, oscillating dumbbell dynamics, low reynolds number, oscillatory motion, two-timing method, stokes equation, university course timetabling problem, conflict-free timetable, optimal scheduling accuracy, operations research, tan(X), uniformly distributed variable, Cauchy distribution, general diffeomorphism, forestry biomass conservation, wildlife population dynamics, forestry biomass, twin prime conjecture, number theory, eratosthenes’ patterns, infinite number. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of mathematics and computer science.

  • Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical research. The contributions by the authors include mental representation, orthodontic smile, aesthetic smile, drawing content analysis, Acute kidney injury, COVID-19, endotoxicosis, hemofiltation, therapeutic apheresis, plasma exchange, hemosorbtion, mitochondrial NADH, microcirculation, NADH redox state, microcirculatory haemoglobin oxygenation, multiparametric monitoring, hemorrhagic shock, blood flow redistribution, pandemic influenza, live attenuated influenza vaccine, pandemic vaccine, classical reassortment, preclinical and clinical trials, safety, vaccine virus shedding, Vascular anomaly, hemangioma, venous malformation, lymphatic malformation, arteriovenous malformation, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, echocardiography, skeletal hot spot characterization, Rong's Retention Index, Dr. V. Siva's modification, rheumatoid arthritis, polyamines putrescine, spermidine, spermine, interconversion, human sperm, human reproduction, hyperglycaemia, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular risk markers, isolated pulmonic stenosis, severe pre-eclampsia, caesarean section, colorectal carcinoma, familial adenomatous polyposis, appendicectomy, cholecystectomy. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical sciences.

  • Disease and Health Research: New Insights Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of disease and health research. The contributions by the authors include neonatal infections, gram-negative klebsiella, septicemia, antibiotic therapy, polypill, cardiovascular events, fixed-dose medication therapy, fixed-dose combinations, arterial hypertension guidelines, CNIC-polypill, drug-drug interactions, neurodegenerative disease, Candida albicans, Malasezzia, miconazole, fungal infections, international health regulations, points of entry, cross-border preparedness, port health services, manual therapy techniques, post-concussion syndrome, craniosacral therapy, visceral manipulation, osteopathic manipulative treatment, hemiconvulsion hemiplegia epilepsy, iron deficiency anemia, tonic-clonic seizure, hemispheric cytotoxic edema, cystic hydatidosis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, cystic hydatidosis, Echinococcus granulosus, cystic echinococcosis, autism spectrum disorder, psycho-socio-educational intervention, psychosocial mediation model, social mediation, maternity care quality, perinatal mortality, post-partum women. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of disease and health research.

  • Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical research. The contribution by the authors include blood spectrum biopsy, diagnostic projection, IR-spectroscopy, evanescent waves, physiodynamics, physiokinetics, supramolecular structures, evanescent waves, biological scanning tunneling photonic microscopy, spectroscopy, supramolecular structures, blood spectrum biopsy, Ophthalmology, vitreomacula interphase disorders, proliferative sickle cell retinopathy, macula hole, vitreomacula traction syndrome, vitreomacula adhesions, thalassemia, iron deficiency anemia. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical research.

  • Chemical and Materials Sciences: Developments and Innovations Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of chemical and materials sciences. The contributions by the authors include helium permeation, silica glass, nanoflake model, van der Waals bond, continuous random network theory, poly(methyl methacrylate) bone cements, glass-ceramics, orthopaedic applications, calcium phosphate cement, automobile industry, corrosion performance, mechanical loading, dihydroartemisinin-lumefantrine antimalarial drug, artemisinin based combinations, nano-formulated solid lipid nanoparticles, heparin, finite element analysis, natural composites, matoa tree wood, thermal modification treatment, multicomponent reference material, natural gas mixture, thermal conductivity detector, GC-TCD verification, chemical element, hybrid classification, characteristic graph, Mendeleev's periodic table, mineral raw resources, mining and industrial waste, mineral deposits, technogenic load, tannery effluents, solvent extraction, Tributylphosphine Oxide, trivalent chromium, glucose tolerance factor. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of chemical and materials sciences.

  • Modern Advances in Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of geography, environment and earth sciences. The contributions by the authors include trace metals, air pollution index, particulate matter, genotoxic carcinogens, gaseous pollutants, agriculture, water allocation, reclaimed wastewater, irrigation, optimization navigator, nonlinear programming, photochemical agent, antifungal screening, leaf extracts, phytopathogenic fungi, fungicidal properties, sugarcane bagasse ash, agricultural development, climate change, economic transformation, renewable energy, mitigation and adaptation, hazardous impact, environmental vulnerability, vehicular emission, relative water content. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of geography, environment and earth sciences.

  • Scientific Research, New Technologies and Applications Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of scientific research, new technologies and applications. The contributions by the authors include soil nutrient availability, Trichoderma viride, phosphate solubilizing microorganisms, biofertilizer, thermal stability, nanoporous cyanate ester resins, transport properties, gas diffusion, free induction decay, spin echo signals, zero field splitting, single transition operators, hypergraph clustering model, vehicular ad hoc networks, deep learning, marine capture fishing, livelihood implications effect of covid-19, government assistance, natural disasters, polyunsaturated fatty acids, microalgae, biochemical composition, anti-cancer activity, aluminum sandwich construction, vertical load bearing capability, light transportation systems, insulation ability, physiological responses of trees, air pollution tolerance index, bioremediation, relative water content. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of scientific research, new technologies and applications.

  • Modern Perspectives in Language, Literature and Education Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of language, literature and education. The contributions by the authors include social interaction patterns, student communication, international class, alternative models, seasonal change, distance theory, the inference of abduction, pre- service teachers’ science education, english translation, translation employers, translation market, particulate nature of matter, misconceptions, imagination stretch teaching strategy, traditional lecture method, deconstructionism, enlightenment, philosophy, Derrida’s thinking, leadership, democracy, trauma, adult learning, vocational education, competency standards, school-based management system, school-based management model, transformational process, students’ academic performance, non-western media framing, early childhood education, action research, teaching and learning, Ifuntok songs, prototype theory, relevance theory, bilingual schools, oral competence in English, primary education. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of language, literature and education.

  • Contemporary Research and Perspectives in Biological Science Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of biological science. The contributions by the authors include distributional pattern, seasonal changes, gonadotropic releasing hormone, hypothalamo-hypophyseal-gonadal subsystem, indigenous cattle populations, genetic characterization, knowledge of morphometric variation, breed qualities, mesothelioma, thoracic and peritoneal cavities, therapeutic efficacy of drugs, cytological analysis, dietary seed supplementation, broiler ability, organic chicken meat, conventional farming, chronic diseases, population aging, Levy's stereotype theory, physiological-behavioral-psychological pathways, quality of life, nectar physiology, nectar quality, butterfly pollinators, co-evolution, wild edible plants, sustainable management, traditional food system, conservation, dairy milk substitute, lactose intolerance, emulsion stability, shelf-life improvement, methyl parathion, protein and esterase isozyme banding patterns, pesticide contamination, Heteropneustes fossilis, polyacralamide gel electrophoresis, high fructose diet, brown adipose tissue, chronic insulin resistance, GLUT1 and GLUT5 transporters, Colocasia xui, araceae, morphological characteristics, epizootic ulcerative syndrome, aspergillus fumigatus, EUS-free aquaculture systems, granulomatous. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of biological science.

  • Advanced Aspects of Engineering Research Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of engineering research. The contributions by the authors include   architecture, building systems, housing, civilian buildings, development, Interconnection system, local power grid, power system, system assessment, system performance, grey relation, optimization, electric discharge machine, internal variable relation, efficiency, orthogonal regression, biodiesel, elastomers, natural rubber, immersion tests, image extraction and classification, natural organic matter, water treatment plants, drought tolerance, climate interaction, sustainable environment, binary comparator, plant fibers, polymer composites, UV radiation, weather resistance, ZnO nanoparticles, Tb doping, defects, luminescence, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, mind controlled gaming, human brain, electroencephalography, physical interaction. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of engineering research.

  • Business, Management and Economics: Research Progress Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of business, management and economics. The contributions by the authors include generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity model, China's stock market, autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity model, mid-and small-cap companies, coconut-cocoa plantation, cocoa farming system, monoculture farming, integration business, goal orientation, ethical pyramid, business ethics for sustainable quality, blockchain technology, security transparency, ESG audits, stakeholder participation, European single access point, blockchain-based platforms, airport privatization, economic regulation, airport governance, price cap regulation, light-handled regulation, special purpose vehicle, capacity expansion projects, generative artificial intelligence, banking operations, supervised learning, loan application processing, credit analysis, pitchbook creation, discriminative Ml models, alternative wood, coconut development program, drying treatment, coconut wood technology, animals rearing, bovine milk production, amortized costs, standard animal units, agricultural credit, rational choice theory, smallholder farmers, financial literacy,  microfinance institutions, gundpak, traditional khoa-based Nepalese product, consumer preferences, sensory quality, battisa powder. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of business, management and economics.

  • Advanced Aspects of Engineering Research Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of engineering research. The contributions by the authors include rutting resistance, fatigue cracking resistance, polystyrene, modified asphalt, domain engineering, knowledge engineering and management, information systems, office automation, workflow management, office technologies, rainwater management, water conservation, hydro-environment, Light weight ferrocement, blast furnace slag, repeated loading, notch sensors, occupational health, electronic circuit systems, biomechanical simulation, SAW process, Vicker’s hardness, tensile strength,  machine tools, computer numerical control, multi-coordinate drive, irradiation pattern, 3D-laser formation, reliability analysis, multistate system, flow network, multi-valued Karnaugh map, max-flow min-cut theorem, exhaustive search method, autodesk Inventor software, stiffness modulus, flexible pavement, finite element simulation, Poisson ratio. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of engineering research.

  • Current Approaches in Engineering Research and Technology Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of engineering research and technology. The contributions by the authors include energy vectors, capital expenditure, carbon-neutral energy production, decarbonization, tribological and mechanical properties, aluminium bonded-alumina ceramic, automobile, energy dispersive x-ray, machine learning applications, artificial intelligence, convolutional neural network, crude oil exploration, acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, electromagnetic interference, absorption shielding, nickel-zinc ferrite, onshore pipeline, cathodic protection, pipeline corrosion, soil resistivity, rocket engine nozzle, dual bell nozzle, bell-shaped tip, shock wave, space engineering, optimal reactive power dispatch, strength Pareto evolutionary algorithm, non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II, differential evolution, fiber coupling efficiency, multiple passive sensors, all optical sensing, optical time domain reflectometry, fiber bragg grating, electromagnetic band gap, printed antenna, MIMO systems, eight-element array. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of engineering research and technology.

  • Constructal Design for Heat Conduction

    Constructal law was firstly found by Professor Bejan of Duke University in 1996, inspired by the evolutionary nature of various natural systems and organizations (including life and non-life systems). The core of constructal theory is the constructal law, which states that for a finite-size flow system to persist in time (to live), its configuration must change in time such that it provides easier and easier access to its currents. Or more simply stated as: the structures of matters come from their optimal performances. Since the establishment of constructal theory, the theory has been applied to extensive subjects, including heat and mass transfer, fluid flow, electricity, magnetism, transport, piping network, weathering dry, economic decision-making, weather forecasting, geophysical problem and so on.

    Constructal theory was initially applied to the heat conduction design, which mainly serves to illustrate how the constructal theory works in a specific application. However, this theory has opened up a new direction for theoretical researches on heat conduction problems. With the prosperity of electrical industries in recent decades, constructal design for heat conduction, which now plays a key role in the design of electrical devices, has attracted more and more attentions. Thus there is a need for a comprehensive book on constructal design for heat conduction. The authors were inspired to write this book and are hopeful that it will be very useful for the research, design and advancement of constructal design for heat conduction.

    This book is mainly based on the research works performed by the authors ranging from the original, basic and approximate version to more accurate, complicated, but also most advanced ones, including different types of elements, kinds of heat conduction channels, with or without the optimized last-order construct premise and nonuniform heat generation. However, the relevant works were also included for the completeness of the book.

    The content of this book is divided into 14 chapters. The first chapter presents the fundamental concepts of constructal theory and related theories, and reviews the development of constructal theory in almost all subjects. Chapters 2 introduces the original approximate constructal design for heat conduction and compared and analyzed the deviation between the approximate solution and the exact solution. Chapters 3 and 4 improve the constructal tree-like heat conduction network by releasing the premise of optimal last-order construct based on the rectangular and triangular elements, respectively. Chapter 5 studies the constructal design with variable cross-section conducting path, and chapter 6 extendes to the emitter grid resistance minimization for solar cell. Chapter 7 also optimizes the tree-like network based on variable cross-section conducting path, but without the premise of optimal last-order construct. Chapter 8 further introduces a discrete variable cross-section conducting path. Chapter 9 studies the “disc-to-point” heat conduction problem without the premise of optimal last-order construct. Chapters 10 to 14 study the constructal designs for heat conduction under the circumstance of nonuniform heat generation. Chapter 10 studies the constructal design based on rectangular element, while chapters 11 and 12 study those based on triangular element, and chapter 12 minimizes the entropy generation. Chapters 13 and 14 study the constructal designs for radial-pattern disc and tree-shaped disc, respectively.

  • Current Progress in Arts and Social Studies Research Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of arts and social studies. The contributions by the authors include informal cross border trade, regional economic integration, Southern African development community, preferential trade area, equatorial guinea, economic integration, music education, spatial-temporal reasoning, virtual middle school music enrichment, bio-musicology, cognitive musicology, digital learning platforms, Mozart effect, partner surveillance, romantic relationship, social networking sites, social penetration theory, social intimacy, organizational leadership, employee morale, educational leaders, gender leadership, organizational culture, leader-member exchange theory, leader-student relationships, fundamental human rights, behavior modification therapy, risk and reconstruction model, community rebuilding, involuntary displacement, internally displaced persons,  conflict-induced displacement, Bakassi resettlement camp, equity, social change,  student affairs practitioners, university transformation, human capabilities theory, academic support, holistic transformation, theory of mind, schizophrenia, behavioral resonance, neuroimaging evaluation, social cognitive skills training, painting therapy, metacognition training,  social cognitive impairment, social cognition enhancement training, American strategic leadership, strategic environment, resource strategic planning, change leading strategy, personal leadership development plan, change management. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of arts and social studies.

  • Challenges in Disease and Health Research Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of disease and health Research. The contributions by the authors include HIV/AIDS, reproduction, sexuality, sexuality education, sexual transmitted infection, health status, Candida-induced gastric ulcer, gastric candidiasis, Helicobacter pylori-negative gastric ulcer, non-NSAIDs gastric ulcer, recurrent gastric ulcer, Zika virus, Preventive medicine; heath status, dental status, pupils, medical ethics, cardiovascular risk factors, screening programs, risk factor management, the Africa and Middle East cardiovascular epidemiological study, Tuberculosis,  spondylitis, hormesis, chronic irradiation, neoplasms, regeneration, hemopoiesis, asthma, allergy, risk factors, genital microbiome, acinetobacter, hafnia, campylobacter, infection, pregnancy, neonate. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medical sciences.

  • An Overview of Literature, Language and Education Research Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of literature, language and education. The contributions by the authors include competence-based curriculum, national development strategy, Zimbabwean education curriculum, constructivism theory, technical vocational education and training, entrepreneurship, tertiary institutions, quality in TVET, differential-associative processing, pre-testing reviews and delays, learning strategy, projective tests, social-personality traits, cognitive learning factors, SAT scores, grade point average, knowledge-integration, inclusive education, pedagogical research, universal design for learning, online resources, managerial skills, structural equation modelling, project success, management competency theory, career flexibility, skills obsolescence, hybrid job, digital skills, e-learning practices, knowledge on assessment, academic performance, skilled learning, in-service training courses, cooperative learning, studying foreign languages, online versus on-site education, ICT, digitalization of education, virtual environment. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of literature, language and education.

  • Current Perspectives on Chemical Sciences Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of chemical science. The contributions by the authors include  porous silicon, Pd nano-particles-assisted chemical etching, etching rate, electro oxidation, spetrophtometric data, Beer’s law and Sandell’s sensitivity, Hydro formylation, kinetics, pent and unspent engine oil, termite soil, metal uptake, adsorption kinetics, sulfadoxine, static quenching, spectral studies, docking studies, binding mechanism, antimicrobial activity, adsorption and ion exchange, thermodynamics, anion exchange, exchanger tulsion, chalcone, voltammetry, glassy carbon electrode, electrochemical determination, oxidation, synthetic phosphates, cleaning process, acylals, deprotection, Water–gas shift, nickel–ceria catalyst, microchannel, green chemistry, benign chemistry, environmental sustainability. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of chemical sciences.

  • Medicine and Medical Research: New Perspectives Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical research. The contributions by the authors include angiotensin-converting enzyme, gene polymorphism, recurrent pregnancy loss, vascular endothelial growth factor, jejunal diverticular perforation, exploratory laparotomy, acute small-bowel diverticulitis, abdominal tenderness, serum protein electrophoresis, immunofixation electrophoresis, plasma cell neoplasms, agarose gel electrophoresis, monoclonal gammopathies, high tibial osteotomy, medial knee osteoarthritis, surgical intervention, altered joint biomechanics, lateral epicondylitis, autoimmune disorder, use of whole blood injection, corticosteroid injection, remdesivir, COVID-19 treatment, CT severity score, biochemical profile, poisoning, socioeconomic status, demographic profile, medico-legal cases, antiquity, organophosphorous compounds, medical education, summative assessment, objective structured clinical examination, problem-based learning curriculum, age-related macular degeneration, membrane attack complex, choroidal neovascularization, photoreceptor outer segments, epidermoid cysts, testicular tumors, radical orchiofuniculectomy, scrotal ultrasonography, dental anxiety, music therapy, audio distraction, behavior management techniques, post burn microstomia, bilateral oral commissuroplasty, fiberoptic nasal intubation, effective microstomia, road traffic emergencies, forensic odontologist, airway, breathing and circulation therapy, disaster victim identification, oral squamous cell carcinoma, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, immunohistochemical profile, clinicopathological correlations, squamous cell carcinoma, oral mucosa.  This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of medicine and medical research.

  • Modern Advances in Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of geography, environment and earth sciences. The contributions by the authors include granulometric analysis, skewness, kurtosis, multivariate analysis, graded suspension, grain size, Ikom-Mamfe embayment, elongation ratio, land use activity, mitigation measures, soil erosion, treatment plant, greater zab, water demand, quality, adoption, climate change, climate resilient agro-technologies, heavy metal, geogenic, anthropogenic sediments, health implications, municipal solid waste management, technology adoption, enablers, barriers, thematic analysis, stormwater sediments, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, urban catchment, neural networks, geotechnical properties, flora composition, vegetation structure, species diversity, heterogeneous landscape, geographical information systems, natural resource management. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of geography, environment and earth sciences.

  • Disease and Health Research: New Insights Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of disease and health research. The contributions by the authors include thermo-luminescent dosimeter badge, pocket ionization chambers, genetic disorders, formal radiation protection training, rehabilitation, neuromuscular diseases, therapeutic practices, robotics and assistive technologies, virtual reality, personalized treatment, diabetes mellitus, continuous glucose monitoring, self-monitoring of blood glucose, board certified endocrinologist, standard precautionary measures, infection control practices, personal protective equipment, healthcare-associated infections, maternal death, postpartum gymnastics, uterine involution, general linear model-repeated measures, uterine fundus height, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, campus bullying, healthy personality development, cyberbullying, food and water borne illnesses, fecal-oral route of transmission, norovirus, watery diarrhea, gossypiboma, granulomatous lesion, abdominal pelvic surgery, laparoscopic-assisted resection, chemotherapeutic drugs, tumor suppressor, targeted drug delivery, personalized biomarker detection, Graves disease, total triiodothyronine hormone, thyrotropin receptor antibodies, ulcerative dermal necrosis, scanning electron microscopy, salmonids disease,  infectious disease, sea trout, exposure to toluene and xylene, work capacity of fishermen, occupational safety, respiratory health. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of disease and health research.

  • Recent Research Advances in Biology Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of biological research. The contributions by the authors include  human-carnivore-conflict, germination, moisture level and non-mist propagation, sprouting, seedling production, tissue culture, phytohormones, microalgae, biofertilisers, microalgal biomass, biofuel production, cyanobacteria, antiretroviral treatment, cholestatic abnormalities, neurotheology, quantum biology, subtle anatomy, quantum mysticism, hepatocellular abnormalities, Reissner’s fiber, yoga, biological diversity, climate change, aquatic pollution, environmental surveillance, phytoplankton, anthropogenic effluents, indicator species, endemism, taxonomic primer, oxidative stress, inflammatory markers, cardiovascular risk factors, fungal infection, dermatophytosis. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of biological research.

  • Carbon Capture, Storage and Utilisation Technologies, Edition 1

    The ever-growing concern over climate change and its ramifications has led to an urgent need for innovative solutions to mitigate the increasing levels of carbon emissions. Among the various approaches, Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technologies have emerged as a crucial method to address these environmental challenges. This study provides a comprehensive review of the current and future applications of CCS technologies and associated processes that support them.

    Qualitative analysis of a range of published papers has been conducted to assess the efficacy of various CCS technologies in reducing carbon emissions. One of the focuses for example is the potential of various technologies to be retrofitted into existing plants, which offers both promising benefits and notable challenges.

    Our main inspiration for this study comes from a shared passion for exploring technologies that have the potential to tackle some of the world’s most pressing issues. More importantly, we have witnessed firsthand the detrimental impact of industrial processes on the environment, making this study more pertinent than ever.

  • Theory and Practice of Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 10

    This book covers key areas of mathematics and computer science. The contributions by the authors include population dynamics, growth models, stochastic models, linear differential equation, second order derivatives, variable coefficients, cauchy problem, Riemann zeta factorial function, fractional order, natural numbers, harmonic series, fractional and partial difference equations, extorial solutions, polynomial factorials, exponential function, unitary space time modulation, Grasamannian constellation, antipodal point, orthogonal design, maximum-likelihood  detector, maximum flow, minimum cost-maximum flow, objective function, flow conservation and capacity constraints, algorithm, transportation problem, assignment problem, shortest path problem, caterer problem, network flow diagram, nodes, arcs, source, sink, capacity, residual capacity, node potentials, augmenting path, optimal solution, Complementary Slackness, optimality Condition, Kilter diagram, Out-of-Kilter algorithm, transportation problem, assignment problem, shortest path problem, fuzzy set, fuzzy soft set, average fs-aggregate, digital watermarking, visible watermarking technique and discrete wavelet transform, additive color mixing, set theory, subtractive color mixing, intersection of set, union of set, universal set and complement of set, multi-threading, rule learner, classification accuracy, linear programming, simplex method, dual problem, station cone. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of mathematics and computer science.

  • A Theory Book of Herbal Drug Technology, Edition 1

    The journey of writing this book, "A Theory Book of Herbal Drug Technology" has been both enlightening and fulfilling. With the ever-growing interest in natural remedies and the global trend towards integrating traditional medicine with modern healthcare, this book aims to provide a thorough understanding of herbal drug technology, tailored specifically to the Pharmacy Council of India (PCI), New Delhi syllabus. Herbal drug technology is a fascinating field that bridges ancient wisdom and contemporary science. It involves the study of medicinal plants, their active constituents, therapeutic applications, and the technologies used to convert these natural resources into safe, effective, and standardized herbal products. This book is crafted to cater to the academic needs of undergraduate and postgraduate students in pharmaceutical sciences, as well as professionals seeking to deepen their knowledge in this area. The content of this book is meticulously structured to cover all essential aspects of herbal drug technology. Starting with the historical background and significance of herbal medicine, it delves into the cultivation, collection, and processing of medicinal plants. Further chapters focus on the standardization and quality control of herbal drugs, extraction and isolation techniques, phytochemical screening, and the formulation and development of herbal products. Each topic is presented in a detailed yet comprehensible manner, supplemented with diagrams, tables, and real-world examples to enhance understanding. This comprehensive approach not only equips students with the necessary theoretical knowledge but also prepares them for practical applications in the industry. Writing this book has been a collaborative effort, and we are deeply grateful to Dr. K. Kesavan, Assistant Professor, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (Central University), Bilaspur C.G. and Family members who have contributed their expertise and insights. Their input has been invaluable in shaping the content and ensuring its relevance and accuracy. We also extend our heartfelt thanks to the students and educators who provided feedback and suggestions, helping to refine the material to better serve the academic community. We hope this book serves as a valuable resource for students, educators, and professionals in the field of herbal drug technology. May it inspire a passion for learning and innovation, and contribute to the advancement of natural medicine in healthcare.

  • Central Bank Official Intervention in the Foreign Exchange Market: Lessons from Lebanon

    As I mentioned in my previous booklet, it is ludicrous to think that Lebanon can provide lessons in International Money & Finance to the world. My purpose is not to lecture others about what should be done but to focus the attention of economists, and policy makers, on a unique experience. A fundamental concern is the performance of an economy under pegged foreign exchange rates. Such an adjustable peg makes out of Lebanon an unusual harbor in the management of foreign exchange rates. It is by now clear to most observers that fixed exchange rates do not prevent or hamper the conduct of an independent monetary policy. In addition to providing continuous liquidity the monetary authorities have succeeded in selectively impacting the path of foreign exchange. From there is the stress of the booklet on official intervention. The booklet is not intended for the general public. It can be used as an aid to graduate courses on international money. It might be especially helpful in graduate schools with an applied approach to economics. And perhaps policy makers and central bankers might be interested.

  • Herba Sideritis: Insights from a Herbal Monograph with Particular Reference to Adaptogenic Potential in Neurodegenerative Disorders and Aging-related Cognitive Decline, Edition 1

    This chapter is based on the first herbal monograph on Herba sideritis L., Greek Mountain Tea, recent scientific publications, and our experience. Our main aim was to summarize the accumulated knowledge about this valuable medicinal plant and focus on its adaptogenic potential in neurodegenerative disorders and aging-related cognitive decline in a simplified way to make it easy to understand for anyone, regardless of educational background. That is a challenge due to the daunting complexity of living organisms and the lack of sufficient knowledge of the laws of life. However, we made a glimpse of simplicity lurking within this complexity. This chapter is apparently for advanced readers, despite the hope that it would be apparent to anyone with a curious and thoughtful mind.

  • Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 10

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical research. The contributions by the authors include cardiovascular disease, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, cardiac mechanics, ventricular function, end-systolic pressure-volume relation, intercept Vom of ESPVR, pump function of the heart, scoliosis, brace treatment, conservative management, brace treatment, delayed cord clamping, umbilical cord milking, very low birth weight, placental transfusion, traumatic ulcers, oral cavity, cultivar coratina, forensic dentistry, integrative oncology, oncological diseases, Insulin Potentiation Therapy, biomagnetic therapy,  stomach cancer, colon cancer, breast cancer, thymidine kinase, thymidine phosphorylase, adenosine deaminase, blood serum, lymphocytes, infertility, psychological and emotional trauma, involuntary childlessness, coping, craniorachischisis, neuroectoderm formation, neural tube defects, omphalocele, central nervous system, rehabilitating atrophied mandible, trichomoniasis, obesity, tumor markers, cytomorphometry, exfoliative cytology, cellular diameter, nuclear diameter, nuclear cytoplasmic ratio, esophageal cancer, adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, personalized medicine, esophagus, adrenal medulla, adrenalin memorandum, mortality, spectrum analysis, public health. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical research.

  • The Use of Cadmium in Industrial Segments Leaves a Trail of Contaminations, Edition 1

    The use of cadmium has undergone significant transformations in the last few decades. Currently, such uses have impacted the health of human beings and the environment in all dimensions. The objectives of this book are to associate the possible contaminations of cadmium with the various industrial segments that involve history, science, technology, and the environment.

    The idea is to emphasize the universal and interdisciplinary nature of cadmium, considering, for example, raw ore, chemical and electrochemical recovery processes, effluent treatment, and even the generation of occupational diseases. The international literature reports cases of welders who, in a short period of time, presented associated diseases that caused chills, fevers, and headaches. The laboratory experiments proposed in this study aim to clarify the fundamentals related to cadmium and its compounds.

    The book has been organized into the following parts, following Chapter 1 as a general introduction. The other subsequent chapters are Cadmium metal industrial production process, electrolytic refining, and cadmium metal purity; Cadmium and its industrial applications; Cadmium electrolytic deposition process; Effluent treatment processes containing cadmium ions (Cd2+); Human exposure to cadmium; Examples of experiments showing the identification of the element cadmium, the galvanic series of cadmium, and the electrolytic deposition of cadmium in carbon steel; Conclusions and recommendations; References.

    We have not filled the text with many details that can be found in the indexed bibliographic references and, where appropriate, we reference the research literature on recent advances in technology.

    Finally, our words of thanks to those who helped and influenced us throughout our professional lives. The following are mentioned: Engineer Sylvia M. Lobo Radino, Engineer Aldo Cordeiro Dutra, and Professor Emeritus Vicente Gentil.

  • Challenges in Disease and Health Research Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of disease and health research. The contributions by the authors include carbon distribution, influenza virus, carbon value, protein analysis, swine flu, proteomics, standard deviation, transcriptomics, congenital anomalies, indirect hernia, pediatric surgery, benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostatectomy, diseases, serum, Prostate specific antigen, advanced prostatic carcinoma, malaria transmission, mental health,  dementia, rotavirus infection, diarrhoea, asthma, bladder epithelial cells, oncogenic signaling, insulin induces, glucose, PPARy stimulation, arrhythmias, focal atrial tachycardia, Ivabradine, neonate, supraventricular tachycardia, Parkinson’s disease experimental model, manganese inhalation, Covid-19, SARS-Cov-2, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, obsession, compulsion, obsessive compulsive symptoms, phenomenology, neuropsychiatry. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of disease and health research.

  • Discussing Infrastructure Deficit and Impact on Mental Health in Zambia, Edition 1

    This book calls on the political leadership of Zambia, the country’s mental health research and service provision agencies, primary care medical systems, community-based organizations and other critical players in health sphere — to make prevention of mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders and the promotion of mental health of all people through investing in mental health infrastructure facilities a very high priority. By all realistic measures and without any scale of exaggeration, no such priority exists today. The book, therefore, urges action at the highest levels to ensure that public health decision makers and the public understand the nature and magnitude of infrastructure problem in the country; that research to prevent mental health related problems can’t be achieved without deliberate policy directives on infrastructure development; that these efforts must be carefully coordinated and well-funded; and that Zambia’s Ministry of Health and its allied institutions and communities must prioritize the responsibility to promote the implementation of prevention interventions that can address current and future shortfalls in the public response to the scourge of mental health issues in the country. Clusters of mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders create high psychosocial and economic costs for the people who experience them, for their families and communities, and the country at large. This book echoes many voices to the Government of Zambia to invest in mental health infrastructure facilities that guarantee comprehensive care to all and limit the enormous social and economic damage that mental health disorders create to our beloved country.

  • Recent Progress in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of microbiology and biotechnology. The contributions by the authors include antiviral activity, outbred mice model, broad-spectrum antivirals, hydrocarbons, pesticides, biotransformation, degradation, organic pollutants, molecular types, antifungal susceptibility, hantavirus, Seoul virus, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, acute kidney injury, hantavirus cardio-pulmonary syndrome, hantavirus disease, proteinuria, Infectious arthritis, complement system, antibiogram, serological techniques, immobilization, nano biocatalysts, industrial biotechnology, biocatalysts, DNA Barcoding, cytochrome oxidase1, distance values, phylogenetic analysis, genetic divergence. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of microbiology and biotechnology.

  • Lablab Bean (Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet) In Indonesia: Crop and Super Food, Potential for Soybean Substitute and Industry, Edition 1

    Our gratitude goes to the presence of God Almighty because with His grace the book entitled: "Lablab bean (Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet) in Indonesia Crop and Super Food, Potential for Soybean Substitute and Industry” has been completed. We have compiled this book based on research results and other accurate information, to provide important information about the potential of food crop genetic resources in Indonesia, especially the Lablab bean (Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet. The systematics of this book include introduction, classification and characteristics of this crop, nutrition value and utilization, cultivation techniques, and its development prospects in Indonesia. The preparation of this book was driven by recent conditions where the supply of vegetable protein, especially from soybeans, which is relatively cheap for most people, tends to decrease. Meanwhile, the Lablab bean as a local bean has considerable potential as a source of vegetable protein.

    The author realizes that the contents of this book may have limitations. Thus, we really hope for criticism and suggestions for the improvement of this book in the future.

  • Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical science. The contributions by the authors include  maternal and infant bonding, breastfeeding, skin to skin contact, women, empowerment, encephalopathy, hypoxia, preterm birth, breast cancer, raman spectroscopy, automatic detection, biopsy, adaptative Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System, surgical relevance, midpoint of zygomatic arch, frontozygomatic suture, articular facet, vertebra, atlantoaxial joint, bifurcation, extremely angulation, plaque-plowing technique, locus of control, pregnancy, surgical procedure, laser therapy, tubarial glands, minor salivary glands, tubarial salivary glands, salivary glands, nasopharynx, torus tubaris, fossa of Rosenmüller, prostate cancer, breast cancer, double renal artery and accessory renal artery, coronavirus disease 2019, SARS-CoV-2, optimum therapy. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical science.

  • Pharmaceutical Research: Recent Advances and Trends Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of pharmaceutical research. The contributions by the authors include telemedicine technologies, artificial intelligence, telemedicine doctors, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, antimalarial herbal agents, traditional medicine practice, multidrug-resistant malaria, new antimalarial alternative medications, nanomedicine, phytosome, herbal drug delivery, drug delivery systems, vesicular nanocarriers, transdermal drug delivery, intercellular route, carbapenem resistant Escherichia coli, drug susceptibility testing, multidrug-resistant bacteria, Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase, benzodiazepines, high-Performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, drug-facilitated sexual assault, honey, nutraceutical, medical applications, therapeutic potential, peptidomimetics, drug development, mimicking endogenous peptides, enzymatic degradation, migraine, lisinopril, dietary triggers, prophylactic treatment, Hantzsch reaction, phase-transfer catalysts; ultrasound-mediated synthesis, calcium channel antagonism. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of pharmaceutical research.

  • Corporate Governance and Business Performance. Theories and Evidence about Corporate Governance

    This book dealt with corporate governance. The contributions by the authors include laws, regulations, corporate management, legislation, shareholders, Corporate Regulation, performance remuneration, London Stock Exchange, accountability, non-compliant business, financial structure, cashflows, agency costs, institutional shareholders, tax benefits, financial repolting, corporate control market, econometric model, economic gains, quasi-equity, securities, stock market, productivity, managerial agency, public firms, influence management, egalitarian approach, Anglo-American system, Glass-Steagall law, Anglo-Saxon system, social relations, real estate portfolios, bubble economy, financial system, financial encumbrance, trade, money markets, privatization, fragmented control, monopoly, foreign exchange. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians.

  • Scientific Research, New Technologies and Applications Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of scientific research, new technologies and their applications. The contributions by the authors include high-temperature measurements, Planck’s model, pyrometer system, magnetized coaxial plasma gun, catalyst activation, polypropylene production, organotitanium complex, Amoco-chisso process, library services, artificial intelligence, digital preservation initiatives, automated resource management, DNA extraction method, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, liquid nitrogen, PCR technology, Carnot machine, Planck's blackbody equation, Shannon information, file transmission, inhalation therapy, real-time monitoring, inspiratory airflow, tokico inhalation monitor, moiré patterns, Thomae's function, moiré statistics, autostereoscopic display, detection rate of diabetic retinopathy, image processing, optic disc segmentation, microaneurysms, organosolv process, cassava peeling, bioethanol production, dynamic continuous-time optimization, SAEMAN model, virtual mental health assistants, major depressive disorder,  ProKnow-data, convAI agents. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of scientific research, new technologies and their applications.

  • Empowerment and Leader Member Exchange towards Organizational Citizenship Behavior Readiness among Government Workforce in Malaysia

    This book entitled “Empowerment and Leader Member Exchange towards Organizational Citizenship Behavior Readiness among Government Workforce in Malaysia” highlights the relationships of leader-member exchange  and empowerment towards Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) as well as determine the dominant variables that can impact OCB willingness. The contributions by the authors include economic growth and development of state, dyadic relationship, Social exchange theory, Economic exchange relationships, Psychological empowerment, LMX-Loyal affect, organizational effectiveness. The findings from this study provide significant contribution to the State agencies management that fostering quality dyadic relationship and empowering the workforce should be given priority as these elements are vital in elevating OCB. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians.

  • Medicine and Medical Research: New Perspectives Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical research. The contributions by the authors include Hertwig's sheath, unicystic ameloblastoma, multilocular hypodense expansile lesion, major depressive disorder, modulate inflammasomes, nuclear receptors, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, circulating tumor DNA, biliary tract cancer, cancer management, hepatocellular carcinoma, acute dengue myositis, Guillain–Barre syndrome, creatinine phosphokinase level, dengue virus, high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, may measurement month, dietary advice, zirconia barrier membrane, guided bone regeneration, non- steroidal anti- inflammatory, cone-beam computed tomography, cesarean section, patient's satisfaction, early discharge , cardiac arrest, cocaine-induced takotsubo cardiomyopathy, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, ventricular fibrillation, skin metastasis, fine needle aspiration cytology, primary malignancy, histopathological diagnosis, biomedical waste management practices, knowledge of biomedical waste categories, health care workers, nitrous oxide inhalational sedation, porter silhouette mask, drug-induced depression of consciousness, light tactile stimulation, teenage pregnancy, maternal and neonatal complications, obstetric results, fetal growth restriction, holocord syringomyelia, dorsal hemangioblastoma, syringomyelia, chiari syndrome, spinal neoplasm. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of medicine and medical research.

  • Dynamism of Property Market in Malaysia- An Empirical Perspective

    This book dealt with property market cycle in Malaysia. This research investigated the fluctuations in the Malaysian property market to predict early signals of property market vulnerability using the PCI constructed through the indicator approach. The contributions by the authors include market property, money economy, market cycle, property cycle indicator, monetary policy, financial liberalization, Barrasian property cycle model, macroeconomic variability, monetary aggregate, construction cost index. This research can also be adapted to other countries to construct leading indicators for the respective property market cycles. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians.

  • Public Sector Procurement in Ghana (Volume 1)

    The major public procurement reforms within Ghana’s public procurement sector that resulted in the promulgation of Act 663 of 2003, and its subsequent amendments commenced in the Mid 90s spanning the early 2000s. Fundamental to these public sector procurement reforms was the pivotal role played by the World Bank resulting in the production of the Country Procurement Assessment Reports of 1996 and 2001. After the Presidential assent of Act 663 of 2003, this law has sought to guide the harmonious implementation or conduct of public procurement across Ghana’s public sector. This law seeks to ensure the application of transparency, ethics, accountability, and above all the professional conduct of public sector procurement in Ghana with the overall objective of achieving value for money. The law has made provision for various procurement methods such as competitive tendering which involves National Competitive Tendering (NCT) and International Competitive Tendering (ICT), Restricted Tendering, Two-stage Tendering, Single source Tendering, Request for Quotations and Request for Proposals.

    Day in and day out, requests for tenders inundate the Daily Graphic, Ghana’s most extensively circulated and arguably the most widely read newspaper in the country. These requests for tenders are an ample demonstration of how far Ghana’s public procurement sector experiment has advanced since the late 90s to date. Though the amendment to Act 663 of (2003) 914 (2016) has introduced sustainability into the public procurement ecosystem, the question that keeps seeking answers is whether its introduction is just for convenience, the introduction of a topical nomenclature or we really mean to take sustainable procurement to a serious level as a nation? It is an undeniable fact that some significant progress within the public procurement space has been made, however, it is also an accepted fact that still more needs to be done going forward.

  • Challenging Issues on Environment and Earth Science Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of environment and earth science. The contributions by the authors include agent-based modeling, dynamic systems, optimal natural resource allocation, sustainability, Sarvak formation, microfacies, depositional environment, forest line, climate change, generation shift, subalpine birch forest, coastal circulation, wind forcing, hydrography, phytoplankton patchiness, chemical speciation, urban soils, heavy metal accumulation, earth magnetic field,  unsustainable development, disaster, sustainability, marble waste, the gains for energy, geotechnical engineering, forest, management, environmental legislation, decentralization. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of environment and earth sciences.

  • Seamless Learning: Elevating Vocabulary Growth and Lexical Richness in Chinese Language Writing, Edition 1

    The journey of mastering a language is an intricate and multifaceted process, especially when it comes to writing proficiency. This book, “Seamless Learning: Elevating Vocabulary Growth and Lexical Richness in Chinese Language Writing,” is born out of a profound interest in understanding and enhancing how learners acquire and utilize vocabulary in the context of Chinese language writing.

    This book aims to explore how seamless learning environments can enhance vocabulary learning of Chinese writing and provide educators with practical strategies to enrich learners’ Chinese writing. Seamless learning integrates formal and informal learning across contexts and platforms, offering a promising approach to language education. Leveraging technology and diverse settings, it fosters continuous and immersive learning experiences, enhancing vocabulary growth and lexical richness. In addition to investigating the impact of seamless learning environments on vocabulary learning, this research also sought to explore learners’ perceptions and experiences with the utilization of the seamless Chinese vocabulary learning approach.

    The book is structured into three parts with six chapters. The first part explores the theoretical foundations of seamless learning and its relevance to vocabulary learning. The second part presents the research methodology, findings, and quantitative analysis of vocabulary growth and lexical richness in Chinese writing, along with qualitative analysis of learners’ experiences with seamless Chinese vocabulary learning approach. The final part offers practical recommendations and strategies for educators to implement seamless learning in their teaching practices.

    I hope this book serves as a valuable resource for enhancing vocabulary learning and lexical richness in Chinese writing, creating more effective and engaging language learning experiences.

  • New Ideas Concerning Science and Technology Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of science and technology research. The contributions by the authors include steam condensation, turbine cascades, rutting resistance, fatigue cracking resistance, waste cooking oil, modified asphalt, resource-saving design methods, rational system decomposition, migration, technical structure, marshalling yard, emission factors, Ibadan, solid waste, pain studies, protein kinase, epsilon isoform, cultured nociceptors, irrigation farming, private information sources, public information sources, information needs, genetic variability, correlation, path analysis and grain yield, antioxidant, organic farming, eating quality, physicochemical factors, finger millet, liquid manure, organic solar cells, ternary bulk heterojunction, moisture content, charcoal, hot-smoking, smoke-drying, cold-smoking, drying and preservation, GEV model, stationary, non-stationary, seasonality, projections, Yamane formula, Likert scale, rehabilitation, assistive device, working capital management, return on assets, cash collection period, cash payment period, inventory period. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of science and technology.

  • Soil Acidity Characterization and Effects of Liming and Chemical Fertilization on Microbial Growth, Nutrient Uptake and Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): The Case of Acidic Soils in Tsegede District, Northern Ethiopia, Edition 1

    To meet the challenges of food insecurity, poverty and overall agricultural transformation, Ethiopia is implementing an agriculture-led economic strategy. However, numerous biotic and abiotic factors including unavailability of inputs, pests, poor soil fertility and other management aspects have been identified to limit the productivity of most cereal crops.

    The author gives more emphasis to the acid soil infertility problem, which limits crop production in 30% highly weathered acidic soils of Ethiopia. The common natural and anthropogenic causes of soil acidification are the presence of acidic parent materials, removal of basic cations by crops and leaching, use of acid-forming fertilizers, carbonic acid production from microbial and plant respiration, acid rain, oxidation of sulfides and organic acids secreted by plant.

    When soil becomes more acidic, particularly when the pH drops below 4.5, it becomes difficult to produce in most of the food crops. As soil pH declines, the supply of most plant nutrients decreases while aluminium (Al) and a few micronutrients become more soluble and toxic to plants. Thus, the low yield of crops grown on acidic soils is due to a combination of nutrient deficiencies, toxicity and low activities of beneficial microorganisms.

    Since wheat is one of the major commodity crops of Ethiopia and its production is highly affected by acid soil infertility, the author was highly interested in assessing the impact of soil acidity on wheat crop yield. As such, based on the report from Tigray Agricultural Research Institute (TARI), the author decided to conduct the research in the highlands of Tsegede district, Tigray Region, northern Ethiopia.

    Thereby, the research tries to find out and reveal the extent and severity of the soil acidity of the area, the degree of effectiveness of the liming materials, the residual and over-liming effects and the interaction effects of the liming materials with applied N, P and S fertilizers on soil microbes and wheat crop production. Finally, the author believes that these research findings could be disseminated to areas all over the world that suffer from soil acidity problems. This, in turn, could support to management of soil acidity impact and contribute its part in enhancing world wheat crop production trend.

  • New Ideas Concerning Science and Technology Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of science and technology research. The contributions by the authors include linear mixed models, hypothesis testing, comparison of matrices, F-distribution, beta binomial distribution, generalized F-distribution, hypothesis testing, linear mixed models, longitudinal data, entropy, quantum network, connectivity matrix, Laser welding, YAG laser, dissimilar materials welding, laser welding, third generation of advanced high strength steel, tensile testing, microstructural analysis, micro-hardness test, X-Ray diffraction, service oriented architecture, simulated annealing, fuzzy set, medical diagnosis, hybridization, microbial electrolysis, microbial fuel cell, bio?lm, biohydrogen, Taguchi method, orthogonal array, water-repellency, emulsification, photochemical, neuromarketing, encephalography, electroencephalography. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of science and technology.

  • Disease and Health Research: New Insights Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of disease and health research. The contributions by the authors include post-covid-19 vaccination, autoimmune manifestations, chronic inflammation, thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome, community-based management of acute malnutrition programme, meningoencephalitis, antibiotic therapy, cyclosporine, Listeria meningitis, corporate social responsibility, ethics, medicine supply facilities, bioethics principles, metabolic syndrome, lifestyle factors and stress, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, hyperthyroidism, endocrinological condition, cardiac adrenergic receptors, vitamin c, cancer prevention, intravenous ascorbic acid, dehydroascorbic acid, breast tissue density, frequency specific microcurrent, microcalcifications, mammogram, health quality, islamic boarding schools, hygiene practices, rehabilitation medicine, visual impairment, blindness, mental health. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of disease and health research.

  • Cutting-edge Research in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of agricultural sciences. The contributions by the authors include   rectal temperature, respiratory rate, serum glucose, skin temperature, body weight, fleece weight, fibre diameter, fish pond sediments, growth parameters, prolamins, autotetraploids, genetic divergence, heritability, mid-altitude genotypes, quantitative traits, three-parameter model, vibration, rheology, material nonlinearity, geometric stiffness, banana/plantain production, income generation, horticultural crops, intercropping system, nitrogen-fixing perennial legume, malnutrition, Cassava beneficiaries, additional financing, mango production, tissue analysis, mineral content, physiological disorder, soil quality, soil fertility, organic matter, plant height, crop yield, biochar. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of agricultural sciences.

  • Case Studies in Community Medicine, Edition 1

    Community Medicine plays a crucial role in public health, focusing on the prevention of diseases and the promotion of health at a community level. The complexity and diversity of cases encountered in this field require healthcare professionals to be adept at problem solving and critical thinking. In this book, case-based learning in community medicine is designed to provide students and practitioners with practical insights through real-world scenarios. The cases presented here reflect common and challenging situations faced in community medicine, offering a comprehensive understanding of the field.

    The aim of this book is to bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application. Each case is carefully selected to highlight key aspects of community medicine, including epidemiology, health education, disease prevention, and health policy. We hope this book serves as a valuable resource for medical students, healthcare professionals, and educators, enhancing their learning and professional development.

    This book will help medical college faculty members instruct their students in an engaging and effective manner.

    The names, investigation reports, and images mentioned in the case scenarios are not original; they are simulated cases for educational purposes and to frame the reality of the case studies.

  • Recent Research Advances in Biology Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of biological research. The contributions by the authors include   morphological features, inflorescence, water treatment plant, drinking water, turbidity, floral biology,  protein-tag, protein labelling, enzymatic reaction, click-chemistry, biotechnology, geometric morphometric, hybrids, landmarks, heterosis, hybrids, melanin, bioenergetics, photosynthesis, hydrogen, water dissociation, water dissociation, anoxia, pulmonary biology, cerebral cortex, bioenergetics function, neuromelanin, ultra pressure liquid chromatography, palm plantation, canine leishmaniosis, cell metabolism, leishmania, colloid-coherence paradigm, association-induction hypothesis, structured water, low-entropy equilibrium bioenergetics, avian magnetic compass, inclination compass, functional window, Radical pair model, cryptochrome, oxygen saturation, phytoplankton diversity. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of biological sciences.

  • Minimal Surfaces on Time Scales, Edition 1

    Minimal surfaces are among the most natural objects in Differential Geometry, and have been studied for the past 250 years ever since the pioneering work of Lagrange. The subject is characterized by a profound beauty, but perhaps even more remarkably, minimal surfaces (or minimal submanifolds) have encountered striking applications in other fields, like three-dimensional topology, mathematical physics, conformal geometry, among others. Even though it has been the subject of intense activity, many basic open problems still remain.

    The time scales theory projected by Stefan Hilger in 1988 unifies the study of continuous and discrete analysis. Since then, it has been used intensively by many researchers working in different areas of mathematics. The main goal of this book is to find suitable time scale analog of minimal surfaces. This class of surfaces is considered in the context of the dynamic geometry on time scales.

    The book contains four chapters. In Chapter 1 we introduce a complex integral with a real variable and some of its properties are derived. Countour integrals are defined and some of their properties are proved. Chapter 2 is devoted to the local theory of minimal surfaces on time scales. Parametric surfaces, nonparametric surfaces, first and second fundamental forms of a surface, surfaces that minimize area are introduced and developed. A time scale analog of the Bernsten theorem is formulated and proved. In Chapter 3 we introduce the global theory of minimal surfaces on time scales. They are defined \(\sigma_1\)-n-manifolds and some of their properties are deduced. The main equation of a minimal surface on time scales is derived. The Gauss map is defined and some of its basic properties are deduced. The Gauss curvature and the total curvature are introduced and investigated. Chapter 4 is devoted to a variational approach for studying minimal surfaces on time scales.

  • Theory and Practice of Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of mathematics and computer science. The contributions by the authors include integrating factor, operator D method, variational iteration method, radiation reaction force, 1?D electron motion, damping motion, Kalman filter, steady state relationship, velocity, generalized penrose transforms, coherent g-quasi-equivariant D-modules, hecke sheaf, moduli stacks, moduli spaces, reliability and validity studies, sequential probability ratio test, Bland Altman analysis, paradoxical parameter space, Bayesian statistics, bank stability, bank performance, architectural troubles, linear differential equations, circumcoronene series of benzenoid, molecular graph, lattice, triangle benzenoid, interpenetrating model, difference scheme, energy estimation, Brinkman model, transmuted power Gompertz distribution, tatistical properties, estimation of parameters, application and performance, incompressible MHD equations, Riccati auxiliary equation, travelling wave solutions, deductive system, residuated lattices, database security, database watermarking, multi-place watermarking. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of mathematics and computer science.

  • Recent Developments in Chemistry and Biochemistry Research Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of chemistry and biochemistry research. The contributions by the authors include concrete properties, flexural strengths, pipe borne water, alkali-silica reaction, capillary gas chromatographic method, alkyl mesylates, flame ionization detector, mass spectrometer, antimicrobial agents, 2-aminoarylbenzimidazoles (3a-l) compounds, nitrogen-containing benzomidazole derivatives, inhibitory activity, Indoline-2,3-dione-3-oxime, isoelectric point, geometry, maximal electroshock, oxidation-reduction potential, Nernst equation, redox potential, hydrogen-rich water, hydrochemical loads, hydrochemical characteristics, central limit theorem, suspended alluvium concentration, anion exchange membranes, AO7 dye sorption, hydrated media, sorbent's surface characteristics, pseudo-second-order kinetics, carbon dioxide emissions, monoethanolamide, electrolysis, CO2 fixation and storage, climate change mitigation strategies, bio-waste, sol-gel method, circular economy, sustainable development goals. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of chemistry and biochemistry research.

  • Current Topics in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 13

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical research. The contributions by the authors include celiac disease, hyper-homocysteinemia, neuropsychiatric involvement, gut-brain axis, autistic spectrum disorders, attention-deficite hyperactivity disorder, apoptosis, tumor, oncotherapy, endometriosis, leukotriene receptor, r-AFS score, infertility, surface disinfection, leukotriene receptor, anti-leikotriene therapy, pulmonary tuberculosis, atrial fibrillation, catheter ablation, pulmonary vein isolation, cryoballoon, second generation cryoballoon, antisperm antibodies, immune-infertility, hyperthyroidism, oxidative stress, antioxidants enzymes, hyperthyroidism, Vitamin-D deficiency, pregnancy, lactation, breastfeeding, infant formulas, acute fatty liver of pregnancy, expeditious delivery, diabetes mellitus, HMIS timeliness and completeness, surveillance systems, field epidemiology, canalicular space, asymptomatic infections, depression, osteoarthritis, obesity, coital difficulties, erectile dysfunction, aphrodisiacs, dyspareunia, vaginismus. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical research.

  • An Overview of Literature, Language and Education Research Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of literature, language and education. The contributions by the authors include WhatsApp, interpersonal communication, technological revolution, teachers-parents communication, Bhojpuri language, culture through art, art exhibition, preservation of art and culture, self-directed learning, communication abilities, acquisition of skills, innovative teaching method, music education program, cognitive development, European curriculum, musical literacy, English education, independent learning, online era, virtual English environment, constructivism, guidance and counselling programs, vocational guidance, personal-social services, career planning, online learning, technological advancements, new hybrid online learning model, student participation, virtual classroom, alternative assessment, online assessment tools, knowledge-construction process, transformational leadership, school leadership, professional learning, teacher supervision, learning outside the classroom, private educational institutions, managing and fiscal capabilities, quality of education, expensive tuition fees. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of literature, language and education.

  • Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical research. The contribution by the authors include fertility, hemodialysis, pregnancy, endodontic, pubertal growth spurt, skeletal Class II jaw discrepancy, retrognathic mandible, Herbst appliance, endogenous estrogen, global contraception, abortion, , deranged cell metabolism, defaulted genomic repertoire, deranged mitochondrial pathways, metabolic syndrome, reduced endogenous estrogen, germ cell, replant effect, metabolic syndrome, differentiation therapy, differentiation inducers, methylation enzymes, lead poisoning, brain metastasis, radio surgery, postoperative stereotactic radio surgery, fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy, treatment planning, treatment delivery, stereotactic radio surgery, neurosurgery, toxicity, prognosis. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical research.

  • Medicine and Medical Research: New Perspectives Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical research. The contributions by the authors include glandular odontogenic cyst, immunohistochemistry, clinicopathology, lateral epithelial cyst, myocardial fibrosis, magnetic resonance imaging, antifibrotic therapies, aortic stenosis, pain in varicocele, varicocelectomy, testicular atrophy, infertility, neurodevelopmental disorders, cerebral palsy, referral profile, vision loss, peripheral nerve stimulation, temporomandibular joint syndrome, orofacial pain syndrome, auriculo-temporal nerve, laryngoscopic examination, dental practitioners, esophageal perforation, bronchoscopy, dyslipidemia, glycated hemoglobin, abdominal obesity, lipid profile, gene therapy, Anti-Gene IGF-I approach, brain tumor, CD8 immune anti-tumor, diabetes mellitus, Baphia capparidifolia, medicinal plants, traditional medicine practitioners, hemolytic disease of fetus and newborn, allosensibilisation, alloantibody, prophylaxis. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of medicine and medical research.

  • Characterization of Polyhydroxyalkaonoate Extracted from Bacillus megaterium JHA and Its Biodegradation Studies

    This book entitled “Characterization of Polyhydroxyalkaonoate extracted from Bacillus megaterium JHA and Its Biodegradation Studies” aims to provide tissue toxicity analysis to evaluate the potential application of Polyhydroxyalkaonoate in various biomedical fields. Moreover, the biodegradability of the biopolymer was also studied to confirm the sustainable nature of the production bioprocess. The contribution by the author include biopolymer assay, microorganisms, culture techniques, solubility studies. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians.

  • Design and Performance Optimization of Premium Induction Motors, Edition 1

    In the evolving landscape of industrial automation and energy efficiency, the role of electric motors is paramount. These motors are the driving force behind countless applications, from manufacturing to transportation, making their energy efficiency a critical factor in reducing global energy consumption and operating costs. The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) has established rigorous standards, such as the International Efficiency (IE) classes, to ensure that these motors meet the highest efficiency requirements. These classes—ranging from IE1 to IE4—serve as benchmarks for motor manufacturers and end-users, guiding the development and selection of energy-efficient motors.

    The IE4 class, representing Super Premium Efficiency, is at the forefront of this efficiency revolution. However, the transition from IE2 (High Efficiency) to IE3 (Premium Efficiency) and further to IE4 is not merely a matter of adopting new technologies but involves a comprehensive optimization process. This book delves into this conversion journey, focusing on the transition of a standard 11 kW, 4-pole, 50Hz, 3-phase squirrel cage induction motor from IE2 to IE3/IE4 efficiency classes. The methodology adopted in this study integrates advanced computational techniques with experimental validation using Altair's Fluxmotor software, ensuring a robust approach to motor design optimization.

    Readers will gain insights into the specific parameters that influence motor efficiency, such as rotor and stator slot depth, the thickness of ferromagnetic sheets, air gap reduction, and advanced cooling and ventilation techniques. Each of these factors contributes to the overall efficiency improvement, underscoring the meticulous design and manufacturing processes required to achieve IE4 efficiency levels.

    Furthermore, this book provides a detailed overview of the IE efficiency classes, from IE1 to IE4, highlighting their respective characteristics, power ranges, and international standards. This classification system not only sets the baseline for motor performance but also drives innovation in motor design, pushing the boundaries of what is possible in energy-efficient technology.

  • Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical research. The contribution by the authors include antioxidant activity, melatonin, adrenal incidenteloma, avascular necrosis, Cushing’s syndrome, experimental cardiac lesion, cardio myoblast grafting, ultrasonography investigations, cardiac regenerative surgery, telepractice, speech-language pathology, autism spectrum disorders, autism spectrum disorders, social medicine, social transplantation, self-efficacy theory, physiological risk factors, palpable gonads, microphallus, rheumatoid arthritis, cartilage integrity, zymosan-induced arthritis, pathogenesis, primary immunodeficiency syndrome, pregnancies, estimated blood loss, maternal mortality, perirenal hematoma, noncontrast computed tomography, local analgesic infiltration, analgesic infiltration, Kruskal-Wallis test, hemiplegya, angiography, echocardiography, chronic oxidative stress, chronic vasculopathies, reactive oxygen species, ozone therapy, proinflammatory cytokines, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hirschprung disease, central nervous system, organ transplantation, nervous regulation, intestine physiology, humoral regulation, DRESS Syndrome, anti-inflammatory drugs, hematological abnormalities, glucocorticosteroids, lymphadenopathy. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical research.

  • Current Perspectives in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of agriculture and food science. The contributions by the authors include underutilized vegetables, malnutrition, agathi, water leaf, rural populations, dried mangoes, chronic diseases, physico-chemical properties, recommended daily allowance, heat treatment, antibiotic residues, livestock food products, toxicity, food insecurity, food security category, land availability, participation in local trade, genome-wide association studies method, plantation commodities, nucleotide polymorphisms, Ganoderma boninense, lipid oxidation quantification, antitumor and antioxidant activities, T-solo variety of pawpaw seeds, thiobarbituric acid value, tribal population, dietary habits, nutritional pattern, food preferences, nutritional problems, growth retardation, community nutrition education, pomegranate fruit extract, health benefits, bio molecules, nutrition fact comparison. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of agriculture and food science.

  • Accounts of Biological Functions for Accumulation of Radioisotopes in Fishes

    The Tokyo Electric Power Company Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant in Fukushima-Ken (Prefecture), Japan, was destroyed in March 2011 due to a massive earthquake (magnitude 9) centred offshore to the northeast of Honshu Island and the subsequent historic tsunami on 11 March 2011. Due to nuclear meltdown, damage to the buildings housing the reactors by hydrogen explosions, and the contamination of cooling water from the reactor cores, huge quantities of radioisotopes were emitted to the atmosphere and to the adjacent seawater. Fishing is currently restricted off the coast of Fukushima-Ken because intermittent surveys have found that the majority of fishery products still contain radioisotope levels exceeding the Japanese Standard Value.  The Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology has measured radioisotope levels in fishery species off Iwaki-Shi(Iwaki City), Fukushima-Ken (located south of the former nuclear power plant); these data could be used to understand the relationship between the accumulation of specific nuclides (radioisotopes) and certain species of fish, as follows:

    Chapter 1 "Accumulation of a Specific Nuclide by Female Common Skete (Feminam Okamejei kenojei spp.)"

    Some of these data indicated that feminam Okamejei kenojei spp. (English Name: Female Common skete; Japanese Name: KOMON KASUBE NO MESU) had a negative linear relationship between fish weight and 137Cs/134Cs ratio . Therefore, feminam Okamejei kenojei spp. have the ability to accumulate a specific nuclide (radioisotope). To date, ultracentrifugation and diffusion methods have been used to accumulate specific nuclides for atomic fuel. However, if we could utilize the ability of Okamejei kenojei spp. to accumulate a specific nuclide, we would have an additional method to obtain specific nuclides.

    Chapter 2 "Total Quantity of Caesium Radioisotopes in Fish in the Fukushima-Ken Exclusive Economic Zone, Japan, in November 2012"

    The total amount of caesium radioisotopes in fish biomass in the Fukushima-Ken Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) has not yet been reported. The Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology has measured radioisotope levels in fishery species off Iwaki-Shi (City), Fukushima-Ken (located south of the destroyed nuclear power plant), and these data can be used to estimate the total fish biomass and the quantity of caesium radioisotopes in fish in the Fukushima-Ken EEZ. On 22 to 23 November 2012, the estimated total fish biomass in the Fukushima-Ken EEZ was 91,150,218.79 kg and the estimated total quantities of Cs-134 and Cs-137 in fish were 4,879,259,657 Bq and 8,381,002,727 Bq, respectively.

    Chapter 3 "Some Fish Species in Offshore Fukushima, Japan have the Ability to Accumulate a Specific Nuclide (Radioisotope)"

    [1] It is possible to accumulate or separate specific nuclides (134Cs and 137Cs) by combining Sebastes cheni (Japanese rockfish; SHIROMEBARU) and Kareius bicoloratus (Stone flounder; ISHIGAREI), and Ditrema temmincki temmincki (Surfperch; UMITANAGO) and Cynoglossus joyneri (Red tongue sole; AKASHITA BIRAME).

    [2] There are differences in 134Cs and 137Cs accumulation between adult fish and fry of Paralichthys olivaceus (Bastard halibut; HIRAME). Therefore, some fish species have the ability to accumulate a specific nuclide (radioisotope).

    To date, ultra-centrifugation and diffusion methods have been used to accumulate specific nuclides for atomic fuel. However, if we could use the ability of some fish species to accumulate specific nuclides, we would have additional methods to concentrate nuclides.

    Chapter 4 "Possible Atomic Fuel Production through Accumulation of Specific Radioisotopes by Fish in Offshore Fukushima, Japan"

    [1] The Total Fish Weight % of Okamejei kenojei (English Name: Common-skete; Japanese-Name:KOMON KASUBE) spp. and Sebastes cheni (Japanese rock fish, Japanese sea perch; SHIRO MEBARU) in this sampling in offshore Fukushima-ken,Japan were 26.6824 Weight% and 13.700005 Weight%, respectively; additionally, the fish bodies of Okamejei kenojei spp. and Sebastes cheni had 49.322578 becquerel% and 33.037159 becquerel% of 134Cs, respectively, and had 50.479187becquerel% and 31.779293 becquerel% of 137Cs, respectively. Therefore, Okamejei kenojei spp. has ability to accumulate 1.8485 times of their weight % for 134Cs and 1.92168 times of their weight% for 137Cs. However, Sebastes cheni has the ability to accumulate 2.411 times of their weight% for 134Cs and 2.3195 times of their weight% for 137Cs.

    [2] It is possible to accumulate or separate specific nuclides (134Cs and 137Cs) by combining Sebastes cheni and Kareius bicoloratus (Stone flounder; ISHIGAREI), and Ditrema temmincki temmincki (Surfperch; UMITANAGO) and Cynoglossus joyneri (Red tongue sole; AKASHITA BIRAME).

    [3] There are differences in 134Cs and 137Cs accumulation between adult fish and fry of Paralichthys olivaceus (Bastard halibut; HIRAME).

    Therefore, some fish species have the ability to accumulate a specific nuclide (radioisotope). To date, ultra-centrifugation and diffusion methods have been used to accumulate specific nuclides for atomic fuel. However, if we could use the ability of some fish species to accumulate specific nuclides, we would have additional methods to concentrate nuclides.

  • Science and Technology: Recent Updates and Future Prospects Vol. 12

    This book covers key areas of science and technology. The contributions by the authors include polymer electrolyte films, diffusion-limited aggregation, brownian motion theory, fractal dimensions, cold-adapted bacterium, polyhydroxyalkanoate degradation, next generation sequencing, plastic waste disposal, zero emissions, calibration of analytical instruments, ICH and USFDA Guidelines, UV-visible spectrophotometer, calibration frequency, mobile device forensics, STEM interest, critical thinking skills, future technology opportunities, maritime accidents, ship safety strategy, safety assessment model, operational efficiency, parallelepipedic form of sweet, drying kinetics, characteristic dimension, post-harvest losses, hepatitis C, direct-acting antivirals, cardiac side effects, cardiotoxicity, box whisker technique, non parametric techniques, dispersion of rainfall, solar dryer, physical and nutritional quality, specific moisture extraction rate. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of science and technology.

  • Scientific Research, New Technologies and Applications Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of scientific research, new technologies and applications. The contributions by the authors include fractal analysis, ghazals, applied regression analysis, musical notes, custom orthopedic implants, algorithm-driven design processes, computational modeling, biomechanical optimization, genome editing, genetically improvement of plant, bioeconomy, CRISPR-Cas9, real-time campus event notification, wireless display solution, graphical user interface, ARM-Advanced RISC machine, entropy based local binary pattern, fuzzy-c-means, k-means clustering methods, dynamic texture recognition, texture segmentation approach, mobile wick solar still, external condenser, solar-driven desalination technology, energy efficiency, impact of COVID-19, construction industry, foreign direct investment, industrial hygiene, management practices, quality technical education, performance of employee, Levene's Test for Equality of Variances, artificial intelligence, pathology, AI-driven image analysis tools, prognostic prediction, diagnostic accuracy. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of scientific research, new technologies and applications.

  • Bioactivity of Chinese Insect Tea

    This book deals with the bioactivity of a special tea like drink called insect tea. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the area of probiotics. This book was funded by Chongqing University Innovation Research Group Project (CXQTP20033), China.

  • Disease and Health Research: New Insights Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of disease and health. The contributions by the authors include Kyrle-Flegel disease, multiple hyperpigmented papules, keratotic plug, rare genodermatosis, type II diabetes mellitus, knowledge and awareness, diabetes education programs, dry eye syndrome, ocular surface disease index, Schirmer’s test, prolonged use of the electronic devices, hazardous healthcare waste, risk assessment, preliminary hazard analysis, preventive actions, central nervous system, AIDS-related infections, highly active antiretroviral therapy, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, giant uterine leiomyoma, uterine artery embolization, effective inhaler technique training, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, inhaler mishandling, inhalation guidance, asthma, ALS-IEC theory, persons living with human immunodeficiency virus, individual self- awareness, extensive health teaching and exemplary education, obesity, metabolism of psychotropic drugs, antimicrobial properties, pregnane X receptor, aryl hydrocarbon receptor, sartans, hypertension, spike effect, renin-angiotensin system, noninvasive assessment, cardiovascular changes, echocardiography, pulmonary hypertension, corpulmonale, integrated management of childhood illness, improve child health, primary health care facilities, mortality rate of neonates. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of disease and health.

  • Advanced Aspects of Engineering Research Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of engineering research. The contributions by the authors include   polymorphism, crystallization, nucleation, crystal growth, additive, phase transformation, alternative fuel, pollutants, catalytic converter, air injection, puzzle game, heuristics function, Hamming distance, Manhattan distance, Chebyshev distance, search algorithm, monitoring system, conveyor design, groundwater resources, aquifer, renewable energy, wind energy conversion system, maximum power point tracking, primary frequency regulation, low voltage ride-through, natural ventilation, traditional building constructions, thermal inertia, distinctive adaptability, ferromagnetic materials, magnetocalory, nanostructure, shape memory alloys, frequency variable voltage, multiple pulse width modulation, photovoltaic, vitrification, corrosion, Si sorption, iron corrosion products, model accuracy, SOC accuracy, heat transfer, heat transfer coefficient. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of engineering research.

  • College Writing Simplified, Edition 1

    Writing is more than just a skill; it is a powerful tool for communication, critical thinking, and personal expression. In the academic world, the ability to write well can make a significant difference in how students engage with their studies, convey their ideas, and succeed in their chosen fields. However, writing at the college level often feels daunting, especially when faced with complex assignments, unfamiliar formats, and high expectations.

    "College Writing Simplified" was born out of a desire to demystify the writing process for college students. This book is designed to serve as a practical guide, breaking down the essentials of effective writing into clear, manageable steps. Whether you are drafting your first essay, polishing a research paper, or crafting a personal statement, this book aims to support you every step of the way.

    Throughout these pages, you will find a blend of foundational principles, practical tips, and illustrative examples that will help you sharpen your writing skills. The goal is to make the writing process more approachable so that you can focus on what truly matters—communicating your ideas with clarity and confidence.

    This book is not just about meeting academic requirements; it is about empowering you to find your own voice as a writer. By simplifying the complexities of college writing, we hope to encourage you to see writing not as a burden, but as an opportunity for growth and self-expression.

    Thank you for choosing to embark on this journey with "College Writing Simplified." we believe that with the right guidance and practice, every student has the potential to become a strong and effective writer. This book is here to help you unlock that potential.

  • Current Approaches in Science and Technology Research Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of science and technology research. The contributions by the authors include hotel classification systems-hotel rating, star rating, rating criteria, hospitality industry, community radio, development, food and nutrition security, color vision, color deficiency, computer graphics, rainbow color coding, endothelialization, spatiotemporal orderliness of function, macrophages, smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, differentiation, green shared vision, green organizational identity, green product psychological ownership, organizational citizenship, photovoltaic panel, wind tunnel, computational fluid dynamics, net pressure coefficient, wind load, LSP technique, shock pressure, thin film deposed on Al, tensile test, hardness, residue logarithmic number system, multi-level residue number system, multi-level residue logarithmic number system, waste processing, facility, sustainability, landfill, facility, solid waste management, gas recovery, greenhouse gases, gasification, pyrolysis. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of science and technology research.

  • Scientific Research, New Technologies and Applications Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of scientific research, new technologies and applications. The contributions by the authors include API steel pipelines, non-destructive ultrasonic techniques, time of flight diffraction technique, ultrasonic analysis, thermo-mechanical control process, asbestos, 20th century buildings, crocidolite, malignant mesothelioma, hydraulic efficiency, sprinkler irrigation system, christiansen's coefficient of similarity, pressure head, health monitoring system, IoT, bio-sensors, remote devices, water quality monitoring and mapping, HydroColor and Citclops, suspended particulate matter, turbidity, smartphone-based models, RGB and XYZ colour space, bio-optical models, heat resistance tolerance, noncombustible materials, fire environment, codal application, non ignition materials, life cycle assessment, fish carbon footprints, small scale traders, urban environmental planning and management. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of scientific research, new technologies and applications.

  • Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of pharmaceutical research. The contributions by the authors include onychomycosis, inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, phytochemical screening, glycosides, high performance thin layer chromatography fingerprinting, methods of absorbance, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, absorbance method, area under the curve method, spectrophotometry, absorbance method, area under the curve method, ultraviolet spectrophotometry, alpha cellulose, delignification, bleaching, pharmaceutical dosage, simultaneous estimation, dermatitis score, scratching behaviour, histological alterations, medicinal plant, hepatoprotective activity, Serum Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase, Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase, antimicrobial activity, buoyancy, swelling index, floating time, controlled release, polymer concentration, ligand.This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of pharmaceutical research.

  • Concise Teleost Immunology, Edition 1

    Getting through updated literature, one may sense the book title concerning Teleost Fish Immunology is being so pauce as compared to that of general and clinical immunology book titles. I came across teleost immunology a decade ago when I had been supervising a Ph.D. student jointly with the fishery department, college of Agriculture University of Basrah /IRAQ. That student had been working onto on teleost fish experimental vaccine and vaccine adjuvant. My personal primordial notes were classified, re-arranged and readited as a book designated as "Concise Teleost Fish Immunology". The backbone of the book was tempting to start from molecules, receptors, cells, cellular, tissues, organs of the fish immune system then to cellular bases of the immune response. Followed by subnormal, abnormal immune responses, immunity to infections and vaccinations. The text is being intended to serve fishery biology and comparative immunology students, fishery biology researchers, and fish healthcare givers serving in commercial fish farmings.

  • Current Topics in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 12

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical research. The contributions by the authors include medical education, miRNAs, osteoarthritis, gout, chondrocytes, metaflammation, psychosis, psychoanalysis, sinthome, Back pain syndromes, symptoms, diagnosis, therapy, Lumber burst fracture, anterior compression, anterolateral approach, spinal injuries, diabetes, herbal medicine, reactive oxygen species, serum glucose, anti-inflammatory properties, hepatoprotective properties, pancreatic beta cells, seed cultivation, flavonoids, coronary heart disease, compound berberine, autophagy, intervening effect, Mucormycosis, deep seated cutaneous fungal Infections, urinary bladder, foreign bodies, lower urinary tract, molecular imaging, Hemifacial hyperplasia, skin pigmentation, congenital disorder, Central Venous Catheter, supraventricular tachycardia, acute lymphoblastic lymphoma, Keratoconus, conventional cross-linking, accelerated cross-linking, Carpal tunnel, endoscopy, nerve supplement,  Benign tumour,  cemento-ossifying fibroma, fibro-osseous lesion, mesenchymal odontogenic tumour This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical research.

  • Essential Aspects of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Edition 1

    The creation of every organism serves specific purposes, with omnipresent microorganisms playing a vital role in decomposition. However, their significance extends far beyond mere saprophytic actions, particularly in the medicinal field where their applications are boundless. Microorganisms, owing to their unique characteristics such as rapid growth, easy availability, and cost-effectiveness, have made remarkable contributions to the pharmaceutical industry. They serve as a prolific source for drug discovery, enabling the production of antibiotics and enzymes with enhanced efficacy through structural modifications. Moreover, the shift from animal-derived insulin to microbial origins has mitigated allergic reactions.

    In addressing contemporary challenges like antimicrobial resistance, comprehending the anatomy of microorganisms is paramount. Mastering various cultivation techniques is essential for scaling up the production of biopharmaceuticals. Proficiency in aseptic techniques is crucial to mitigate microbial contamination in non-parenteral products. Recognizing these imperatives, a foundational understanding of pharmaceutical microbiology has been crafted. This discipline encompasses microorganism anatomy, isolation, identification, pharmaceutical sterilization, microbial assays, aseptic conditions maintenance, microbial limits determination, and animal cell culture techniques.

    This comprehensive guide is tailored for students pursuing B.Pharm, Pharm.D, M.Pharm degrees, as well as researchers engaged in the development of novel drugs sourced from microorganisms.

    This book can also serve for the future development of the newer microbial products for the betterment of the health of the society.

  • Theory and Practice of Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of mathematics and computer science. The contributions by the authors include susceptibility, impulse response function, Hilbert-transform, Fourier transform, conjugate Fourier transform, convolution, causal systems, non-causal systems, analyticity, Kramer-Kronigs relation, relaxation, retardation, epidemics model, hyper geometric function, inequalities, communicable diseases, Concept Lattice, formal concept, frequent pattern, association rules, landmark, Convection-diffusion-reaction equation, alternating-direction implicit scheme, traveling wave solutions, linear and nonlinear differential equations, best proximity point, Geraghty function, Geraghty contraction, series expansion, fluid models, intermolecular potential model, integral Equations, Timoshenko system, exponential stability, distributed delay, pattern recognizer, frame homomorphism, quotient frames, matrix inversion, matrix multiplication, recursive algorithm, matrix order expansion, matrix order condensation, Jackson operator, generalized modulus of smoothness, K-function. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of mathematics and computer science.

  • Contemporary Research and Perspectives in Biological Science Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of biological science. The contributions by the authors include leaf harvest, pod production, cowpea, defoliation, xenobiotic-induced oxidative stress, cardiac microenvironment, cardiac xenobiotics, cardiac mitochondrial metabolism, hypothetic remote memory formation, heterosynaptic long term depression, alzheimer’s disease, slow wave sleep, synapse elimination, foraging behaviour, bat ecology, roost fidelity, sex-biased dispersal patterns, enteric parasitic infection, routine therapy, host population density, productivity loss, transport protein regulations, obstructive cholestasis, bile duct ligation, digoxin, efficient micropropagation technique, mass production, germplasm conservation, citrus aurantifolia, toxic elements in the earth’s crust, phytoremediation, arsenic-contamination, hyperaccumulator, tilapia aquaculture, pre-hispanic aquaponics system, von Bertalanffy growth model, vetiver grass, bio-engineers growth, degradable face masks, medicinal plant, lagerstroemia speciose, aluminum toxicity, gene action, tropical maize, fractal evolution, molecular ancestral signatures, tadpole lineage, minimally monophyletic genus, pattern cladism. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of biological science.

  • Advanced Aspects of Engineering Research Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of engineering research. The contributions by the authors include applied ecology, landscape planning, renewable energy, biodiversity, ecological network, sustainability, lateral stability, code provisions, flexural, flanges, biochar, energy band-gap, photovoltaic, pseudo-potentiality, quantum simulation, frozen spermatozoa quality, palm date extract, frozen spermatozoa quality, quantum dots, spherical quantum dot, cylindrical quantum dot,  magnetic field,  binding energy, donor impurity, diamagnetic susceptibility, breast cancer detection, wearable antenna, neural network, dental composite, titanate coupling agent, denture base composite, hydrolytic degradation, aqueous environment, green logistics, green packing, recyclable materials, marine operations, weather restrictions, risk analysis, compressor noise, stator frame, load analysis, parametric accelerated life testing, breast cancer, machine learning models, logistic regression, Naïve Bayes, oil recovery techniques, carbonate reservoir, two phase ejector, bi-evaporator, numerical simulation, compliant mechanisms, geometric advantage, topology optimization. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of engineering research.

  • Research Advances in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of environment, geography and earth science. The contributions by the authors include impregnation wood wastes, hemicelluloses, renewable material, forest resources, environmental protection, sedimentation, micro-topography, riparian environment, agroforestry systems, ecological balance, food security, sustainable development, climate change, biodiversity, mangrove forests, deforestation, disaster risk, carbon-rich mangroves, aquatic biota, landform-soil relationship, soil characterization, environmental security, soil degradation, hydrology, soil salinity, medium density fiberboard, wood composites, cottonwood, genetic variation, water quality, physicochemical parameters, peripheral fish farms, contamination, groundwater quality monitoring network, cluster analysis, gareh-baygone aquifer, electrical conductivity, natural dyes, dyeing silk, sustainable production, use of mordants, carbon sequestration, sugarcane plant-soil system, soil organic carbon, clay-TiO2 composite, wastewater treatment, composite materials, pollution. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of environment, geography and earth science.

  • Current Advances in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of chemistry and biochemistry research. The contributions by the authors include thiabendazole synthesis, antimicrobial activity, inhibition assays, carbon steel, soil, moisture content, pitting corrosion, microbiological corrosion,  functionalized silica, UV absorbers, hydrosilylation, organosilicon, Oxidative stress, anti-oxidative stress, antioxidative supplements, adverse effects, chronic diseases, alternate feeding strategies, digestive enzymes, metabolic enzymes, Clinical biochemistry, serum analytes, anthocyanin, co-pigmentation, Activity coefficient, cardiovascular drug, dissolution, thermodynamics, solubility, synthesis, characterization, echinochrome A, liposomes, mucine, mucoadhesive properties, automerization, long-range, dispersion,  two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, splicing, post-translational modification, protein species, protein speciation, proteoform, top-down proteomics, bottom-up proteomics, isoelectric focuse. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of chemistry and biochemistry.

  • Mathematics and Computer Science: Contemporary Developments Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of mathematics and computer science. The contributions by the authors include Yang-mills theory, non-abelian theory, hyperbolic trigonometric functions, integration constant, Feynman diagrams, kinematic variables, scattering amplitudes, super conformal QCD, Wilson loops, data obfuscation, protect numerical data, public cloud storage, cloud computing, platform-as-a-service, task scheduling, ameliorated round Robin Algorithm, heuristic algorithms, symmetric cryptographic algorithms, encryption, Rijndael, text file security, basic regression analysis models, predictive analytics, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, partial least square, Euler gamma function, probability laws, degree of freedom, pythagorean triangles, dhuruva number of order six, jarasandha numbers, special polygonal and pyramidal numbers, soft set theory, soft mildly normal space, normality, regularity. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of mathematics and computer science.

  • Links between Normal Scale and Small Scale Phenomena

    The book entitled “Links between Normal Scale and Small Scale Phenomena” addresses the challenges by offering new ways to look at and understand the quantum phenomena in the present days. The contribution by the author include quantum phenomena, rationalism, binary and multivalent logic, multidimensionality, transfer function, probability wave function, Schrödinger’s Equation, quantum mechanics, Hilbert space, mathematical models, signal processing, Fourier transform, transition between states of a system, energy conservation, rationalism, Schrödinger’s equation, physical transformation, fuzzy logic, complex logic systems, quantum scale phenomena. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians.

  • Pharmaceutical Research: Recent Advances and Trends Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of pharmaceutical research. The contributions by the authors include caffeine intake, dystonia, cervical pain, alleviate stress, GLP-1 receptor agonists, obesity management, behavioral therapy, pharmacological mechanisms, biosimilars regulatory framework, biopharmaceuticals, ANVISA, brazilian biosimilar law, COVID-19 vaccine, community campaigns, vaccine effect, carboxylesterases, brain tumors, drug metabolism efficiency, meningiomas, adverse drug reactions, pharmacovigilance, health care professionals, patient’s safety, RP-HPLC, tenofovir, efavirenz, and lamivudine, ICH guidelines, antiviral therapy, in-vitro anti-helminthic activity, hydroalcoholic extract, anthelmintic herbal formulations, standard anthelmintic drug, Aframomum melegueta seeds, amlodipine, antioxidants, interference, drug delivery systems, modern pharmacy, enhanced permeability and retention, effect ligand-receptor interactions, polymeric micelles, oxidized phospholipids, drug targets, esterified polyunsaturated fatty acids, lung injury, toll-like receptor inhibition. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of pharmaceutical research.

  • Current Perspectives on Chemical Sciences Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of chemical science. The contributions by the authors include  sol-gel method, nanocomposites, differential scanning calorimetry, elasticity modulus, molecular docking, antibacterial activity, phytocompounds, climate-resilient crops, global warming, tumor proliferation, abiotic stresses, sigma phase, microstructure, Cold gas-dynamic spray processing, antipathogenic materials, grain refinement, powder metallurgy, viral inactivation, nanostructured materials, ultrafine grains, boundary-mediated atomic diffusion, Claisen-schmidt condensation, Michael addition reaction, distance learning, Esterification,  esterification, Gamma irradiation technique, hydrogels, random field Ising model, Monte Carlo simulation, Monte Carlo simulation, matrix reduction, DNA cleavage, DNA interaction, fluorescence spectroscopy. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of chemical sciences.

  • Research Perspectives of Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of microbiology and biotechnology. The contributions by the authors include gossypol, rumen microbial degradation, consecutive batch culture, whole cotton seed and grass hay, marine algae, denture cleanser, Candida albicans, denture stomatitis, vitrification–dehydration method, in-vitro cryopreservation, date palm shoot tip cultivars, dimethyl sulfoxide, selenium nanoparticles, biosynthesis, bee propolis, therapeutical properties, multiplex lamp assay, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, loop-mediated isothermal amplification, nucleic acid amplification tests, antimicrobial resistance, low- and middle-income countries, active principal ingredients, Kirby-bauer disk diffusion method, mineral trioxide aggregate, titanium tetrafluoride, antibacterial efficacy, Enterococcus faecalis. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of microbiology and biotechnology.

  • Current Advances in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of chemistry and biochemistry research. The contributions by the authors include nanotechnogical method, vector-borne diseases, green synthesis, silver-cobalt bimetallic nanoparticles, progesterone, estriol, pregnancy, homing endonucleases, HNH endonucleases, Colicins, Pyocins, T4 Resolvase, McrA endonuleases, Group II intron reverse transcriptases, Group I intron DNA polymerases, CRISPR-Cas9-HNH endonucleases, conserved motifs, walking mechanism, molecular simulation, ATP hydrolysis, clay materials, mineral composition, clay disperse fillers, pollutants, oxidativestress, organophosphates, metals, lycopodium alkaloids, metabolite, inhibitory activity, Vietnamese traditional remedy, anti-inflammatory effect, antinociceptive effect, metal chalcogenide, solar cell, pimarane diterpenes, antidiabetes, lead emission spectrometry, oxidizers, polymeric materials, additives enhanced atomic emission, inflammatory mediator. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of chemistry and biochemistry research.

  • Principles and Constructs of Environmental Pollution Studies, Edition 1

    The environment is diverse and robust, so requires proper and in-depth exploratory studies. The diffuse nature of the ecosystem makes it urgent and imperative to have a wider and more comprehensive study to elucidate this area of specialization. This tergiversating concept of the environment has given the need and birth of this book titled ‘Environmental Pollution Studies (Water and Air).

    This book is a 3-chaptered one but rich in the areas of pollution studies delving into basic concepts of pollution, atmospheric and solid waste (climate change, greenhouse effect, ozone chemistry, forms of pollution), solid waste management, waste dumps and treatment methods), food additives and preservatives (including uses, and application of food additives, harmful effects and basic concepts such as acclimation, bioavailability, etc).

    This book is of essence to both environmentalists and lovers of the environment as it explains and exposes contemporary issues and challenges in the environment, especially the atmosphere, water and waste management. It is expository and can be very useful to both undergraduate and postgraduate candidates in environmental studies. This book is a must-read and will achieve the design and aim of the authors.

  • An Overview of Optimization, Characterization, Recovery and Application of Polyhydroxyalkanoates Synthesized by Microorganisms

    This book entitled “An Overview of Optimization, Characterization, Recovery and Application of Polyhydroxyalkanoates Synthesized by Microorganisms” highlights the effect of several factors on PHA yield. It also summarises the results of relevant studies carried out in the past decade. The contributions by the authors include environmental pollution, micro-organisms, Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), microbial strain, biodegradable plastics, thermoplastics, biopolymer, PHA biosynthesis, agricultural techniques, in-situ hybridization, bioaccumulation, biomass synthesis. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians.

  • Theory and Model of Turbulent Flames Based on Kolmogorov-type Hypotheses, Edition 1

    This monograph is the first of its kind, presenting a systematic exploration of the original theory of turbulent premixed flames based on a Kolmogorov-type hypothesis-driven approach and a combustion model for turbulent premixed and partially premixed flames, the foundation of which is this theory. The hypothesis-driven approach is, in a certain sense, an alternative to the most commonly used first-principles approach to turbulent combustion, employing instantaneous combustion and hydrodynamics equations to formulate the moment or PDF equations for coupled modeling of combustion and hydrodynamics.

  • Recent Developments in Engineering Research Vol. 11

    This book covers key areas of engineering research. The contributions by the authors include vehicular adhoc network, clustering, DE algorithm, collision, cluster heads. platinum micro-heaters, gas sensor, thick film planer heaters, Harris Corner detector, SURF feature descriptor, FLANN matcher, Brexit, satellite, precision point positioning, augmentation systems, navigation, spark ignition engine, cooling system, adiabatic process, engine efficiency, rehabilitation, energy potential, maximize field production, collinear points, photogravitation, water weed removal machine, human burdens, finite element method, magnetic field, streaming support, dynamic routing, multi constraint routing. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of engineering research.

  • Medicine and Medical Research: New Perspectives Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical research. The contributions by the authors include anorectal pathologies, transmission electron microscopy, nanometric scales, rectal mucosa, caveolae, endothelial cell, nano-drugs, Human immunodeficiency virus, ischemia, ovarian torsion, adnexal torsion, ovarian cysts, Alzheimer’s disease, aromatherapy, amyloid precursor protein, virtual reality, augmented reality, nursing education, primary teeth, health checkups, neonatal illness, traumatic oral manipulation, genetic diseases, Lipschütz Ulcer, cytomegalovirus infection, amniocentesis, amniotic sac, pregnancy, placental abnormality, preterm delivery, obesity-related inflammation, energy balance, metabolic disorders, adipose tissue, therapeutic targets, adipocyte-derived hormone, neuroendocrine regulation, accessory renal artery, endovascular aortic aneurysm repair, obturator artery, right testicular artery, anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery, sudden cardiac death, chronic total occlusion, percutaneous coronary intervention, lower thoracic spinal anesthesia, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, hyperbaric bupivacaine, paresthesias, neurological complications, cardiocirculatory changes, subaracnoid, thoracic puncture, periampullary distal cholangiocarcinoma, mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, concurrent malignancies, ovarian cancer, pancreatoduodenectomy, tubercular liver abscess, pulmonary tuberculosis, hepatic tuberculoma, hepatomegaly, coronavirus disease 2019, d-dimers and troponin levels of thrombotic events, cerebrovascular accidents, deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical research.

  • Advanced Aspects of Engineering Research Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of engineering research. The contributions by the authors include distance based clustering, line based clustering, height based clustering, license plate detection, missed characters extraction, infinite thinning and thickening, analog loop filters, CMOS technologies, SOBEK program, sedimentation dynamics, network performance, multidrop autowalk, CO2 emissions, avian influenza virus, mutant virus, migration, thermal conductivity, exothermic chemical reaction, variable thermal conductivity, heat transfer, green house gas, combustion quality, flue gas emissions, particle swarm optimization and feature extraction, colony optimisation, photovoltaic cell, Vlasov’s model for solids, diffusion model, Vlasov's equation, fuelwood utilization, amelioration, microcontroller, path planning, temperature sensor. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of engineering research.

  • Medicine and Medical Research: New Perspectives Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical research. The contributions by the authors include in-vivo anti-angiogenic activity, cancer, 2-methoxyestradiol, sarcoma 180 ascitic tumour cell line, intrauterine contraceptive devices, long-term contraception, laparoscopic hysterectomy, imaging modalities, skull base meningioma, gamma knife radiosurgery, cranial nerves, gross total resection, nucleoside transporters, PET imaging, 3'-deoxy-3'-[18F]fluoro-L-thymidine, radiosynthesis, quality management system, health outcomes, intensive care units, continuous quality improvement, compressive and flexural strengths, alkasite material, split metal molds, prosthetic restorations, ileocecal intussusception, appendiceal mucinous neoplasm, malignant etiology, complete blood count, ICU mortality, COVID-19 , delta and omicron variants, triple therapy, H. pylori infection, quadruple concomitant therapy, breath test, chronic renal failure, dieulafoy lesion, gastric mucosal lesions, hemostatic clips. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of medicine and medical research.

  • Current Research in Agricultural and Food Science Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of agricultural and food science research. The contribution by the author includes extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, bacterial resistance, foodborne pathogen, microbiological analyses, nutritional aspects, product survey, food security, shelf life, nutrition, organoleptic properties, preservation, inhibition, glycaemic index, traditional meals, macronutrients content, mycotoxins, contamination, mycotoxicity, mycotoxin metabolism, prevention, genotoxicity, aflatoxins, carcinogenicity, lipid oxidation, heavy metals, organic pollutants, vended street foods, pesticides, Mwea irrigation scheme, Fisher’s formula, sensory attributes, nutritional evaluation, malnutrition. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of agricultural and food sciences.

  • Singly Curved Thin Piezo Transducers for Energy Harvesting and Structural Health Monitoring, Edition 1

    This book is based on the M. Tech. thesis titled Experimental and Numerical Investigations on Efficacy of Singly Curved Thin Piezo Transducers for Energy Harvesting and Structural Health Monitoring, completed at the Smart Structures and Dynamics Lab (SSDL), Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, in 2022. A research paper based on the outcomes of the thesis was published in the reputed journal Energy Reports in 2023 (Vol. 9, pp. 2506-2524, DOI: 10.1016/j.egyr.2023.01.084). However, owing to page limitations, full details of the work could not be covered in the journal paper. This book serves to mitigate the gap by providing the theoretical and the experimental aspects of the study in full minute detail so as to open doors for technology dissemination and translation in real life. Chapter 1 covers a brief introduction to the field followed by a detailed literature review in Chapter 2. Chapter 3 covers the experimental evaluation of the curved piezoelectric configuration, namely the concrete vibration energy harvester (CVEH), from the point of view of energy harvesting, relative to the straight configuration represented by the concrete vibration sensor (CVS). Chapter 4 extends the investigations to structural health monitoring (SHM), followed by analytical and numerical modelling in Chapter 5. Finally, Chapter 6 covers conclusions and recommendations, followed by a number of resources in appendices, which can be utilized by interested researchers for derivative works. The authors hope that readers will find the book useful and relevant and enable them to set up their own labs for scientific adventures in the field.

  • Health Psychology: From Theory to Practice

    (A Practical Guide for Applied Health Psychologists and Students)

    In the following pages, we aim to put practice into theory and to help the reader understand the way that biological, psychological and sociological factors affect health and chronic conditions. This text is a serious examination of the recent literature concerning health psychology as a professional activity. It is a collective effort to put in order all the necessary occupational skills that a health psychologist is going to need while working with patients. That is why we did not stay in theory but went beyond that, in practice by giving the reader case studies on how to work and manage a patient with chronic conditions, making individual and group interventions both in situ and online and we tried to provide the students and the applied health psychologist with a practical guide he or she could use in any case.

    Roughly speaking, the book proceeds from the simple to the complex, both with respect to the difficulty of the material and the types of learning that are discussed. Chapter 1 discusses the historical and conceptual Issues of health psychology with details about the history of health psychology, the underpinning theories and the four elements of health psychology concluding with the present role of a health psychologist in all settings.

    The next chapter describes the Biopsychosocial model and deals with Biopsychosocial Issues in Health and its approach to health and illness, for certain disorders, such as diabetes mellitus, arthritis, depression, Post traumatic stress disorder and alcohol use disorder.

    Chapter 3 refers to Health Behaviour Change, making an Introduction to health behaviours and then analyzing Health behaviour change theories and approaches. The models and theories that are analysed in this chapter are the Health Belief Model, the Protection Motivation Theory, the Social Cognitive Theory, the    Theory of Reasoned Action/ Theory of Planned Behaviour, the Transtheoretical Model and other models, while there is reference to the Behaviour Change Techniques Taxonomy. The student will read in this chapter how to Develop, implement and evaluate behaviour change interventions, and then will be introduced to case studies of behaviour change interventions for individuals as well as groups or making his own research study for a patient population.

    Chapter 4 surveys  a wide range of findings in the fields of  Chronic Illnesses, Stress and Pain Management, exploring at the beginning the patient – health professional relationship, and then discussing a wide range of Stress disorders in Chronic Illnesses including, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder,  Epilepsy,  Obesity,  Psoriasis,  Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Breast Cancer. The chapter continues with the analysis of the effect of pain Chronic Illnesses, using as examples Osteoporosis, Rheumatoid arthritis, Musculoskeletal back pain, HIV/ AIDS, Chronic Tension Type Headache and Cancer. The chapter ends with the effect of stigma in chronic illnesses and the role of the health professional in Congenital Heart Disease, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Thalassemia, Obesity and Bulimia Nervosa.

    The last chapter discusses Challenges & Future Directions in Health Psychology. The reader has the opportunity to learn about the role of health psychologists in clinical settings, culture and health psychology, inequities in health, issues regarding collaboration with health professionals, Precision medicine & ‘n-of-1 studies’, information about the technological Evolution and e-health, Positive, community & environmental psychology.

    Finally, as complimentary material, the reader will find at the end of the book a practical guide for the evaluation of the patients during the health behaviour change techniques as a practical tip on how to begin with the treatment of his/her own patients.

    By all means we hope this book to be learner-friendly. Throughout the text, we have tried to maintain an accessible voice; we want students and applied health psychologists to not only learn about clinical conditions (and about themselves), but also to enjoy reading this text, and we want them to treasure the learning process. Above all, we hope this edition lives up to the expectations of all those that want to work in the applied health psychology field, with the use of the biopsychosocial model of health, and find it a useful practical guide on how they should access the individual needs of a patient through the therapeutical process in a clinical setting or in private practice.

  • Disease and Health Research: New Insights Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of disease and health research. The contributions by the authors include academic performance, sleep disorders, sleeping patterns, nursing students, pseudocyesis, psychiatric disorders, schizophrenia, delusion of pregnancy, plasma clozapine levels, antipsychotic medication, treatment-resistant schizophrenia, cytochrome P450, plasma clozapine level, type-2 diabetes mellitus, raica community, insulin receptor substrate, genotypic factors, salivary profile, chemotherapy, acute lymphocytic leukemia, oral manifestations, erickson method, genetic counselling, ovarian cancer patients, gynecological oncology, genetic cancer risk, poly adenosine di-phosphate ribose polymerase inhibitors, cutaneous leishmaniasis, quality of life, neglected tropical disease, employment-based contingency, substance use disorder, socioeconomic well-being, post-treatment abstinence, Schistosomiasis, mass drug administration, S. haematobium, S. mansoni, snail-transmitted disease, morbidity, dengue virus, zoonotic transmission, serotypes, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, biopsy, smear microscopy, Xpert Xpress cartridges, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, inhalation therapy, inhalation monitor, oral medications, drug inhalation, genetic polymorphism, gastric cancer, alcoholic liver disease, alcohol-metabolizing enzymes. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of disease and health research.

  • New Ideas Concerning Science and Technology Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of physical science research. The contributions by the authors include  Fresnel reflection, quantized electromagnetic field, quantum correlators, normality, distribution functions, Shewhart control charts, Fraunhofer diffraction, two-dimensional Fourier transform, digital micro-image, mechanical twist, binary mixtures, phase equilibrium, nanocrystalline composites, high energy milling, electromagnetic wave, absorption, absorber and triple band absorber, conservation laws, projection postulate, quantum measurements, DNG metamaterial, Gödel’s incompleteness theorem, logical paradoxes, conformal mapping, lagrange control, fisher statistics, solid glass microspheres, epoxy matrix, wear resistance, mechanical properties, Lomax distribution, broadband detector, magnetic suspension, variable reluctance motor, gravimetric calibration, Vicker’s micro hardness method. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of physical sciences.

  • Evaluation of Women’s Performance in Grassroots Democracy: A Comparative Study of Upper Caste and Lower Caste Communities in Tamil Nadu, Edition 1

    The status of women is consistently marginalized and vulnerable, spanning all sectors and aspects of life. They face significant challenges from male counterparts and other women alike. Even after India's 75th year of independence, rural Indian women remain disenfranchised and underdeveloped. While national freedom signifies the advent of a republic and true equality, political reservations based on constitutional provisions represent the purest form of ensuring women participate in the nation-building process. These reservations, crafted by constitutional framers and policymakers, empower women to advocate for their own empowerment. However, rural women continue to endure significant rigidity, arrogance, and conflict from various counterparts. Therefore, it is imperative to analyse and assess the contributions of rural women in rural development. This study focuses exclusively on the performance of women in rural panchayats, which are considered the cornerstone of grassroots democracy. It documents their contributions and the major challenges they face in participating in such activities. Additionally, it compares the experiences of two groups of women: upper-caste and lower-caste Dalit women, thereby highlighting the unique challenges faced by both communities and those who have successfully navigated and overcome these challenges. Conducted in Tamil Nadu, a developed state in South India, this research on the political empowerment of women is crucial, as the models observed here can potentially be applied to other developing regions and states. Furthermore, the research facilitated a comprehensive examination of the challenges encountered by rural women in local governance, encompassing multiple dimensions. It also incorporates potential suggestions and strategies to address the gaps and obstacles they face.

  • Caring for the Older Persons Living with Dementia

    Dementia is a group of neurodegenerative diseases with a whole host of symptoms, eventually leaving the individual dependent on their caregiver. During the course of the disease process, there is generalized failure of the brain with declining cognition and emergence of behavioural symptoms. The caregivers for people with dementia are at high risk of burn out due to the challenges faced on a day to day basis. The care needs are high, due to the declining cognition. The behavioural symptoms cause much distress to the caregivers as the symptoms are unpredictable and there are no recommended strategies to manage these symptoms. Medications often contribute minimally to the care of persons with dementia. The caregivers of persons with dementia experience frequent physical and emotional stress, with a high risk of burnout compared to the caregivers for persons without dementia. In certain communities, social services and community resources are often limited.

    The book provides information to the caregivers for people with dementia, either at the home setting or at institutional setting. The chapters begin with a case history and go on to describe the commonly encountered problems. With the knowledge gained, the caregivers are more empowered to care for the people with dementia with patience and love.

  • The Framework of the Paradigm of Complex Probability and Monté Carlo Methods, Edition 1

    Calculating probabilities is a crucial task of classical probability theory. Adding supplementary dimensions to nondeterministic experiments will yield a deterministic expression of the theory of probability. This is the novel and original idea at the foundation of my complex probability paradigm. As a matter of fact, probability theory is a stochastic system of axioms in its essence; that means that the phenomena outputs are due to randomness and chance. By adding novel imaginary dimensions to the non-deterministic phenomenon happening in the set R will lead to a deterministic phenomenon and thus a stochastic experiment will have a certain output in the complex probability set C. If the chaotic experiment becomes completely predictable then we will be fully capable of predicting the output of random events that occur in the real world in all stochastic processes. Accordingly, the task that has been achieved here was to extend the random real probabilities set R to the deterministic complex probabilities set C = R + M and this by incorporating the contributions of the set M which is the associated and complementary imaginary set of probabilities to the set R. Hence, the probability in C is computed after the subtraction of the chaotic factor from the degree of our knowledge of the nondeterministic experiment. Consequently, since this extension was revealed to be successful, then an innovative paradigm of stochastic sciences and prognostic was put forward in which all nondeterministic phenomena in R were expressed deterministically in C. I coined this novel model with the term "The Complex Probability Paradigm (or CPP)" which was initiated and established in my earlier research works. Moreover, this pioneering paradigm will be applied in a creative manner to the stochastic procedures and algorithms of the famous and historical Buffon’s needle method to compute PI, to the renowned neutron shielding problem, and to numerous and various topics that arise in Monté Carlo Methods.

  • Understanding the Theory of Special Relativity

    This book dealt with theory of special relativity. The contributions by the authors include axioms theories, cyclical and ecological learning, Einstein’s special theory, Einstein's logical procedures, absolute motion, metaphysics, Galileo's opinion, rigidity, conceptual frame, coherence network, theory of special relativity, epistemic value, aesthetic value of theory, Newtonian mechanics, Newtonian dynamics, Lorentz transformation, Einstein's exploration, arbitrary elements, electromagnetic, symmetrical principle, classical mechanics, momentum, rotational motion, epistemic value, Bode's law, planetary dynamics, axiomatic system. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians.

  • Science and Technology: Recent Updates and Future Prospects Vol. 11

    This book covers key areas of science and technology. The contributions by the authors include Taylor's equation, tool wear, wear prediction, cutting tool, drying parameters, dried banana, intermediate humidity, isotherms, liquid water, aggregate state, ultra-deep cooling, relay mechanism, dynamical social networks, information theoretic model, Carnot efficiency, sociological networks, ensemble voting, machine learning model, BayesNet and J48 algorithms, educational data mining, digital PCR, real-time PCR, porcine detection and quantification protocol, artificial recombinant plasmid, porcine-free certification, zoonotic diseases, technological progress, FinTech, artificial intelligence, internet of things, workflow scheduling techniques, energy efficiency, cloud's technology, directed acyclic graphs, artificial intelligence, feedback mechanism, strategic behavior, information systems, robot technology, industry 4.0, manufacturing industry, smart production processes, reverse supply chain, re-manufacturing process, green legislation, e-waste, PID Control Techniques, Transmission Control Protocol, wireless communication, aircraft landing, television broadcasting, radio telemetry, radar communication, antiretroviral therapy, intrinsic growth, resonance, analogy, RNA genome, HIV infection, CD4+T cells, Non-Linear Optical crystals, Kurtz-Perry powder technique, Vicker’s hardness number. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of science and technology.

  • New Horizons in Education and Social Studies Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of education and social studies. The contributions by the authors include language endangerment, lexical borrowing, neologism, country emissions, economic development, emissions growth, capitalism, human capital, economics, capitalist economy, character education, instructional model, integrated instructional approach, expert consensus, parental involvement, fuzzy delphi techniques, traders emotions, trading psychology, crowd behavior, collaborative trading engineering, mob psychology, markets mentality, probabilistic-determinism in mind, dual state of mind, cartesian-like dualism, Corpus analysis, court judgments, macrostructural analysis, virtual merchandising, symbolic interaction theory, virtual shopping, bilingual education, verbal generalizations, cognitive development theories, neoliberalism. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of education and social Studies.

  • Business, Management and Economics: Research Progress Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of business, management and economics. The contributions by the authors include human resources, change management, strategic interventions, employee engagement, innovation management, Egyptian telecommunications industry, leadership, climate for innovation, long-term economic growth, Michael Porter’s research, competitive advantage, work productivity, employee motivation, self-determination theory, expectancy theory, employee engagement, natural disasters, economic resilience, supply chain disruptions, global trade, corporate implosion, organizational collapse, strategy misalignment, early warning signals, forward-looking information disclosure, financial performance, Tobin’s Q, future business conditions, socioeconomic impact, gas extraction operations, Mtwara rural district, livelihood diversification. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of business, management and economics.

  • Theory and Practice of Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of mathematics and computer science. The contributions by the authors include collaborative information retrieval, algorithms, logistic regression, multicollinearity, variance inflation factor, condition index, variance proportions, system reliability, multi-state system, multiple-valued logic, multi-valued Karnaugh Map, Capacitated networks, map method, reduction rule, max-flow min-cut theorem, star-delta transformation, pseudo-switching function, prime implicant, probability-ready expression, cyclic codes, quaternion algebra, muffin ideal, mannheim distance, etinal pigment epithelium, subretinal space, choriocapillaris, vitreous humor, Dirichlet problem, fictitious domain, Daubechies wavelet function, finite difference, heat transfer, isomorphism, indexing variables, optimization, algorithms performance, quarterly disaggregation. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of mathematics and computer sciences.

  • Understanding Acromioclavicular Joint Injuries and its Management, Edition 1

    This book covers key areas of understanding the Acromioclavicular joint injuries and its management through the current research. The contributions by the authors include anatomy of acromioclavicular joint including the bony articulation, blood and nerve supply, action of the joint, biomechanics of AC Joint, static and dynamic stabilizers, movements occurring at the AC Joint, AC Joint Injuries, Rockwoods Classification, assessment through observation, palpation, range & strength assessment alongwith the special test for the diagnosis of AC Joint, Investigations in the form of X-ray and MRI, Conservative and Surgical management for the different Grades of Injury, Complications related to the Surgery, Scpular Dyskinesis, Acromioclavicular Joint Arthrosis, Physiotherapy Management for both Non operatively and Operatively managed AC Joint Injury, recent advances on the topic of AC Joint injury alongwith a case report in detail. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Physiotherapy, Orthopedics, Biomechanics, Anatomy, Surgery, medicine, nursing, Occupational Therapy and for the Clinical & Evidence based medical research & Practice.

  • Research Trends and Challenges in Medical Science Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of medical science. The contributions by the authors include   neuro-developmental disorder, therapeutic strategies, depression disorders, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, electromagnetic fields, oncology, gas discharge visualization technique, epithelial lesions, colonoscopy, neoplasia, depressive disorders, mental health, lymphoma, urinary bladder, radiotherapy, nocturia, primary leiomyosarcoma of the prostate, prostate biopsy, radical prostatectomy, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, histopathology, immune histochemistry, cytogenetic study, prognosis, multi-modality adjuvant therapy, angiography,  urothelial carcinoma, granular, eosinophilic-debris, lamina-propria-infiltration, muscularis-propria-infiltration, high-proliferation-index. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medical sciences.

  • Current Progress in Arts and Social Studies Research Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of arts and social studies. The contributions by the authors include social science methodology, value judgments, public communication, cultural discourse, lexical semantic theory, metaphor, metaphorical identification procedure, sports discourse, academic language, autism, metacognitive knowledge, theory of mind mechanism, muscle power, musculoskeletal health, core strength training, situational learning, knowledge transfer, creative arts disciplines, social intervention, emerging mall culture, sitting arrangement, perspective of consumers and retailers, consumer spending behavior, integrated water hygiene and sanitation programs, supply of accessible safe and clean water, community households, mimetic theories, sport theory, self-referentiality, tragic art. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of arts and social studies.

  • Newest Updates in Physical Science Research Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of physical science research. The contributions by the authors include thermal treatment, chemical oxidation, X-ray diffraction, nanostructures, annealing,  source spectrum, optical measurements, spectral composition, wavelength, turbulence, optical wave measurements, conformal mapping, fisher statistics, real gas, atomic interaction, bond energy, equilibrium constant, elastic repulsion, coefficient of extinction, index of refraction, transmittance, reflectance, optical properties, CFD Modeling, plate heat exchangers, big bang theory, aerosol, planetary boundary layer, light emitting diode, motion compensated frequency, scannerless architecture, wave 3D coherent, motion sensitivity, Gravitational waves, double-slit experiment, wave-particle duality, mobile augmented reality, nanocrystalline layers, hybrid voltage control model, Artificial Bees Colony algorithm. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of physical sciences.

  • Innovations in Biological Science Vol. 10

    This book covers key areas of biological science. The contributions by the authors include nutrient gradient, gastrula, embryonic development, oocytic polarity, nano-fertilizer applications, nano plant growth regulators, gold nanoparticles, micronutrients, anti-inflammatory activity, pharmaceutical activities, saponins, carrageenan-induced paw oedema test, cestodes, calcareous corpuscles, human sparganosis, bovine renal lipofuscinosis, melanotic renal cell carcinoma, necrotic foci, heavy metal contamination, reproductive parameters, gonadosomatic index, river ruiru, economic stimulus program, 17B- estradiol, reproductive parameters in nile tilapia, , pyometra, ovariohysterectomy, serum biomarkers, C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, anti-inflammatory properties, asparagus officinalis, carrageenan CGN, pharmacokinetic parameters, cefquinome, cephalosporins microbiological assay, anion permeability, fluidity, AAPH, oxidative stress. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of biological science.

  • Insights into Economics and Management Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of economics and management. The contributions by the authors include appreciative inquiry, tourism development, rural tourism, eco-tourism, Airbnb, behavioural intention, political economy, economic development, financial transparency, stakeholder model, cognitive mapping, job satisfaction, organizational effectiveness, long run equilibrium, Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model, monitoring effects, cumulative abnormal returns, public accounting, economy, efficiency and effectiveness. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of economics and management.

  • Research Advances in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of environment, geography and earth science. The contributions by the authors include heavy metals, crude oil pollution, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, environmental and health consequences, crab species, biochemical analysis, physiological adaptations, post-reproductive period of crab, supercritical water oxidation, toxic and non-recyclable organic waste, wet air oxidation, busk forestry enterprise, natural regeneration, forest cover of the territory, forest age structure, subsurface water seasonal trends, anthropogenic interferences, seepage, overexploitation of groundwater, soil stabilization, crushed rock, natural pozzolana, sustainable construction, tree foliage, environmental degradation, loss of biodiversity, fodder collection, phytoremediation, mineral extraction, artisanal gold and bauxite mining, heavy metals toxicity, water pollution, aerial photographs of google maps, oil pollutants, pollution level, CO2 assimilation, global warming and climate change, grain and fish production, recycle of nitrogen, greenhouse gas emissions, liquefied gas, environmental safety, gas-powered electric generating stations. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of environment, geography and earth science.

  • Philosophy of Suffering

    The philosophy of “Living without regret in a regretful life"

    A political scientist and writer Narzulla Juraev is known to the reader with his books and articles like “The necessity in “The Avesta”[1], “Theoretical basics of philosophy of history”[2], “The magic of The Avesta”[3], "From pleading to secret praying."[4] His next book “Philosophy of Suffering” is exactly about this topic.

    While we speak about this work, it is expedient to primarily note that the author expresses his views about philosophy of humans and life based on interpretation of thoughts of Friedrich Nietzsche. The human issue takes the leading position in philosophic trend of Nietzsche. Therefore, it is difficult to imagine world philosophic thought without Friedrich Nietzsche’s philosophy. If we take Narzulla Juraev’s words, the philosophy of Nietzsche: “it was a totally new, magnificent and classic real turn in thought in world philosophy and culture that was named the “Nietzsche turn.”

    We are aware that during the era, which was called “The magnificent age,” i.e., the second half of XIX century, the genre of philosophic novels returned to tradition in fiction. The most well-known book of Nietzsche “Thus Spoke Zarathustra,” which he wrote and published in 1880’s, belongs to this genre and greatly influenced to future development of philosophy and literature. Especially the fact that this prosaic poem was written in the unique literary style that is specific to Nietzsche only, in its turn, was a serious trigger to development of “Symbolism” in world literature.

    In this meaning, it was not without reason that N. Juraev assessed this novel of F. Nietzsche as “Thus Spoke Zarathustra” is a rare event.” The novel was created as an absolutely specific prosaic poem, where the thought and feelings, the sense and sensibility, highest philosophic thinking and emotional artistic merit merge together. It deserves praise that this rare piece of art, which brought huge fame to Nietzsche, was translated into Uzbek by a known scholar of literature, perceptive writer and translator Ibrohim Gafurov with his magic taste and great expertise[5].

    While “Thus Spoke Zarathustra” is classified as a “philosophic novel,” it automatically requires interpretation of the meaning and sense of this notion. This is a notion that was a widely spread literary term in XX century and is applied to philosophic novels that are written in the form of a novel, where philosophic theory takes the leading position in plot and characters.

    However, in scientific-literary processes, we can see that educational-upbringing oriented works are also identified as philosophic novels. Sometimes the works written in utopia or anti-utopia genres are also called philosophic novels.

    The history of this literary genre dates back to antique era. In other words, not only the literary-fiction values of the works in “philosophic intercourse” genre, founded by Plato and Xenophon but also their theoretical meaning-essence of such was also important. In Western Europe, the genre of philosophic novel was formulated in its modern look in the Age of Enlightenment.

    While in the first half of XIX century some realistic orientation writers started paying attention to this genre, as we said above, in the second half of XIX century, some outstanding representatives of world literature like Nietzsche took the philosophic novel genre to its new stage of development.

    The important aspect of this is that in some cases, we see that Nietzsche’s works are also identified as “intellectual novels.” This term was first proposed by Thomas Mann in 1924. T. Mann particularly classified the works of Nietzsche as “intellectual novels.”

    In such works, the boundary between science and arts becomes impossible for perception, abstract thoughts get life, vague thinking stands live and delicate and majestic characters totally charm the reader with their specific mood. In the second half of XIX century the “intellectual novel” genre became a rare event in the world literature with its specific features. Especially, as N. Juraev noted, Nietzsche’s prosaic poem “Thus spoke Zarathustra” “is the work that caused an overturn in European philosophic thought.”

    When we look at Nietzsche’s life, we should bear in mind that he was born into and grew in a family of religious people. N. Juraev wrote,“Nietzsche was born into the world of theology.” The writer always had a poor constitution from childhood. This tragic state that created problems during entire life and fate of Nietzsche, ran in close association with development of the writer’s philosophic views. Speaking the words of the author, the life itself that was specific to Nietzsche “became a source of absolutely incomparable, extremely perceptive spiritual storms, moral hurricanes, endless thoughts, borderless reflection and thoughts of a person.”

    It is indubitable that Nietzsche introduced the notion of “philosophy of life” into the world philosophic thought and created its scientific-theoretical bases. In his philosophic doctrine, Nietzsche proposed the idea of “living without grief in a life that is full of grievance.” In other words, Nietzsche dreamed of an ideal person and ideal life style, whereas this is a non-fulfilling dream.

    In reality, in its true essence, Nietzsche’s philosophy is a philosophy of human studies, very unique, very vast philosophy of life. The roots of this philosophy consist of soul and feelings. Nietzsche says that for a human, the importance and role of art in understanding the philosophy of life is very high. Creation of “Thus Spoke Zarathustra” of the writer as a result of sufferings of soul, mental offences and moral disturbances clearly confirms this thought. It should however be especially noted that to understand Nietzsche requires living like Nietzsche and outliving his sufferings and pains.

    Like other scholars, N. Juraev proposes studying scientific and creative activities of Nietzsche in three stages.

    The first stage – the era of domination of influence of Schopenhauer and Wagner. During this time, Nietzsche wrote the works “The Birth of Tragedy,” “Untimely Meditations.”

    The second stage – the time, when positivism and interest in natural sciences radically grew in the activities of Nietzsche. The classic works of Nietzsche “Human, All Too Human,” “The Wanderer and His Shadow,” “The Dawn,” “The Gay Science” were written during this stage.

    The third stage – the time, when the philosophic thought of Nietzsche was at its apogee, his specific scientific and ideological discoveries were on top of world philosophic thought. His very majestic and unique works “Thus Spoke Zarathustra,” “Beyond Good and Evil,” “On the Genealogy of Morality,” “Bitter Wisdom,” “Antichrist” and unfinished “Will to Power” were created during this time.

    If we pay attention to the fact that in XVIII century Europe the philosophy of Zaroastrism was widely spread and scholars at various scientific-research centres, large libraries expressed serious interest to the book of “The Avesta” and started studying it, the factors, associated with creation by Nietzsche of “Thus Spoke Zarathustra” get cleared to certain extent.

    It is a fact that in “Thus Spoke Zarathustra,” the author reflected the philosophy of life, bright and dark aspects of human life, conflicts and sufferings. In his work, Nietzsche suffers about people getting so much mean and uses Zarathustra to say,“We have forgotten to enjoy our lives.” Generally, “For Nietzsche, Zarathustra becomes a means of carrying the idea, expressing the thoughts very passionately and with very unique feelings.”

    It was not without reason that Nietzsche used a sub-name of “For everybody and nobody” in the second edition of “Thus Spoke Zarathustra.” Actually, the idea of “Over man,” the call for perfection and maturity, proposed in the book relates to everybody, the entre humanity. But nobody can meet such high requirements and supreme criteria.

    In other words, while an idea of an ideal person is bases for supplication of Zarathustra, supplication of Nietzsche, unfortunately, no perfect man has yet been grown. Essentially, the “Over man is a man who is close to God.” While, “Primarily, Over man is a human being.”The author’s book is dedicated to everybody, at the same time to nobody, in other words to the Supreme man, who does not yet exist.

    Nietzsche sees the human sense in the motto of Zarathustra “Good thought, good word, good deed.” According to N. Juraev, the philosophy of Zarathustra is combination of entire human thought. For Nietzsche, who deeply perceived and understood his surrounding world in its entirety, integrity, with all its joys and oppressions, humans are reflected as “a symbol of a world, full of contradictions, and not free from defects.” In Nietzsche’s heart, the supplication, intended for an imperfect man, who always lives with guilt and defects, can never get perfect, can never become an ideal person, “is turned into a volcano with very powerful, enormous optimism, bitter suffering, high soul and painful woes.”

    Nietzsche looks at human life through views of Zarathustra. In the work “Thus Spoke Zarathustra,” Nietzsche performs an equal intercourse with Zarathustra, worships Zarathustra and eventually becomes Zarathustra himself. It should be noted that with the help of Zarathustra’s symbol, Nietzsche managed to create a fundamental concept about his inner feelings, scientific-theoretical conclusions and human studies science. In the meanwhile, we should note that N. Juraev drew a justified conclusion that “Nietzsche’s “Thus Spoke Zarathustra” can be called as a rare magic of word art and philosophic thought.”

    Nietzsche was a great expert in Oriental philosophy. He is one of the world scholars, who thoroughly studied the style of Oriental thinking, treated it with conviction and widely promulgated it. According to Zarathustra, and Nietzsche, and in his turn, according to the author of this book, “Creativity, innovativeness is humane.” The measure that honours the man and the criterion that glorifies the man is education.” “Education is courage.” By pleading with the help of Zarathustra’s speech, Nietzsche calls us for awareness, for improving our self-preservation instinct.

    When we speak about this, the idea of Nietzsche “Eternal recurrence” is quite expedient to discuss. For this idea takes a specific and individual position in Nietzsche’s philosophic thought. The eternal recurrence idea, proposed by Nietzsche is based on the ideas of “incarnation” and “reincarnation” of Buddhism, i.e., rebirth of soul, including return of soul in tasawwuf philosophy. For Nietzsche, the idea of eternal recurrence is a symbol of life.

    If we explain the idea of eternal recurrence in a simpler way, according to Oriental philosophic thought, eternally alive human soul descends to the Earth, takes its position in a human spirit, becomes the pearl of this spirit and has a position of the power to move the person. According to interpretation of world philosophers, the soul, i.e., human soul that has descended to the Earth passes through tests, sufferings and examinations. The difficulties, tortures assist in relieving of human soul from evil, and in purification of human body. It reinforces human will and improves the nobility in his mentality.

    As N. Juraev notes, the theory of eternal recurrence of Nietzsche was born as a reflection of Oriental thought in a totally new era and different space. In its turn, all this brightly proves the great devotion that Nietzsche addressed the Oriental philosophic thought with. Nietzsche’s views are proof of him using not only Greek, but also Oriental, including Movarounnahr sources of thought.

    By giving theological touch to his ideas, Nietzsche seeks salvation in humane ideas of the Orient, and gets reliance from them. Partly, Nietzsche sees a free and liberated person in Zarathustra’s symbol. Deeply studying and delicately interpreting this philosophic theory of Nietzsche, N. Juraev comes to the following conclusion: “The only saviour of a human being, the only power that turns him into a valuable is morality!” He notes, “Human soul is the home of God.”

    To put this in other way, Nietzsche’s doctrine is “Nietzsche style” interpretation of Oriental philosophy. Moreover, we think it expedient to note that the formulae of negation of negation in world philosophy found its deserved solution in Nietzsche’s doctrine.

    Speaking with the help of Zarathustra, Nietzsche pleads to call absent as absent, and present as present (existing as existing and non-existing as non-existing). Of course, as the author of this book writes, “Not everybody is able to say “No.” For saying “No” requires powerful, strong will and final conclusion. Saying “Yes” is a symbol of open skies, bright, at the same time, gentle, peaceful, calm life. The two contradicting powers are reflected in the symbol of “No” and “Yes.”

    And so, in N. Juraev’s terms, “In world philosophic thought, alongside with the conscious, initiated by Aristotle, Nietzsche opened absolutely new aspects of nihilism – absolute negation position of metaphysics - which is impossible to locate in imagination.”

    Dear reader! The book you have is easy to read, and the important side of it is that it is written in Nietzsche spirit, i.e., emotionally and in a philosophic style. Meanings of scientific-philosophic notions and other sophisticated terms are given in a simple and comprehensive language. The bibliography that the author used is vast, and use some rare and unique works has to be noted. We hope that this book will be interesting and useful for you.

  • Chemical and Materials Sciences: Developments and Innovations Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of chemical and materials sciences. The contributions by the authors include optical emission spectroscopy, hydrogen plasma, microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition system, optical emission spectroscopy, sodium lignosulfonate, stabilized mortar, mass consistency, tensile strength, corrosion and inhibition effects, organophosphonic solution, hydrochloric acid medium, polarography, artificial neural network, multiple linear regressions, photo-catalytic degradation, dynamic adsorption, metal complexes, stability constants, electrophoretic technique, norvaline, ni/zeolite-type catalyst, triacetin production, bio-additive fuel, fixed-bed reactor, high-pressure carbon dioxide, foaming process, polystyrene, glass transition, depressurisation, advanced CuO/CeO2/ZnO ternary nano-photocatalysts, free photo-excited holes and electrons, metal oxide semiconductors, two-step sol-gel method, green synthesis of hexagonal hematite, pluronic F127-gelatin, hydrophilicity of hematite. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of chemical and materials sciences.

  • New Horizons in Education and Social Studies Vol. 11

    This book covers key areas of education and social studies. The contributions by the authors include free-market libertarianism, large-environment, small world, normative theory, Hobbes-Einstein-Nash social contract theory, descriptive theory, cognizance assumption, inductive game theory, bounded rationality and intelligence, corporate social responsibility, Spanish firms, Inclusive transportation, pedestrian awareness, behavioral and social change, policy implications, printed media, educational policy, curriculum, preferences, foreign aid, racism, critical discourse analysis, pedagogical awareness, knowledge training, media literacy, audio-visual language. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of education and social studies.

  • Medicine and Medical Research: New Perspectives Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical research. The contributions by the authors include umbilical endometriosis, benign gynaecological disorder, laparotomy, cyclical bleeding, sexual dimorphism, dried hip bones, chilotic index, bones with no pathological deformity, photobiomodulation,  local anesthesia, dentistry, unpleasant sensory, dental anxiety, T-type calcium channel antagonist, paclitaxel, P-glycoprotein, anticancer effects, intrathoracic ectopic kidney, symptomatic Bochdalek Hernia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, thoracic mass, pharmacist-led initiatives, hypertension care, medication adherence, patient counseling, blunt trauma chest, violent falls from construction sites, fatalities attributable to chest injuries, demographic traits, exclusive breastfeeding, infants' nutrition, baby friendly hospital initiative, cultural concerns, maternity leave, tyrosine kinase inhibitors therapy, imatinib, chronic myeloid leukemia, breakpoint cluster region, philadelphia chromosome, positron emission tomography, single photon emission computed tomography, Bulimia nervosa, mental disorders, virtual reality exposure therapy, posttraumatic stress disorder, LGBTQ+ people, sexual violences, malignant peritoneal mesothelioma, haemorrhagic ascites, peritoneum, asbestos exposure, carcinoma, oral cavity, skin vermillion. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of medicine and medical research.

  • Conservation Laws in Modern Physics with Technical Applications

    In theoretical physics, various models of continuous moving medium are widely used. Underground of many modern physical models bases on conservation laws of mass, momentum and energy. In this direction we would like to consider the classical mechanics, gas and fluid dynamics, relativistic theory, thermodynamics, statistical and quantum physics. Coming back from fundamental ideas of early XX century theoretical physics (first of all, from the recommendations by L. Boltzmann, M. Planck, A. Einstein and L. de Broglie) allows us to indicate a correlation linking energy E with single mass value m, frequency v and temperature T

    E = mc2 = hv \(\approx\) kT,

    where c - light velocity, h and k - the Planck and the Boltzmann constants. The last approximate equality in this relation follows from Planck’s distribution in vicinities of maximum radiation density of absolutely black body and presents itself Wien’s displacement law. This relation allows to define also the vacuum particle mass, when T \(\neq\) 0.  To be short, we change the virtual Plank resonators in his derivation of the formula for absolutely black body radiation the density by real (massive) particles with m = kT/c2. Also the possibility of radiation (including of electromagnetic waves, similar the virtual Planck resonators) allows us to simulate these real particles as a classic Hertz’s dipoles.

    Considering a particle concentration n and multiplying the above relations on n we can write

     n.mc2 \(\approx\) n.kT

     and go to the typical ideal gas state equation

    p \(\approx\) pc2 \(\approx\) nkT.

    Here p = n.m – density, p – pressure of a medium. The last relation is the known mathematical form also for Avogadro’s law. So, we show that the famous ratios by L. Boltzmann, M. Planck, A. Einstein and L. de Broglie are another form of the state equation of medium and Avogadro’s law. These relations may be used for classic answers so as Dark Matter (DM) to what comprises about 96% of the content of the Universe (i.e., what and why over 70% of the mass-energy content of the Universe is in form of the unknown vacuum Dark Energy (DE), over 20% of the mass is in the form of the mysterious DM).

    The main target of our book shows the deep unity of various physics branches at the position of these relations and conservation laws. The first chapter considers conservation laws in thermodynamics and statistical physics. The analysis of the application for conservation laws of mass, momentum and energy in the description of thermodynamic and statistical processes is performed. The fundamental limitations of the energy conservation law, which is traditionally used in phenomenological thermodynamics, are demonstrated. The correspondence of Hamilton's statistical equations and the phenomenological conservation laws of momentum and energy is considered. The procedure for obtaining and properties of the Liouville phase volume conservation law in statistical physics is analyzed. 

    The second chapter demonstrates deep unity of classic and quantum physics at the space thermostat (ST) presence, which fulfilled all space by the temperature T0=2.73 K. The ST registration is one of the great achievements in experimental physics and astrophysics during of a few last decades and presents itself the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). This chapter is devoted to ST/CMB medium the classic conservation laws of mass, momentum and energy. We show the soliton like solutions of our classic model correspond to Schrodinger’s quantum solutions, demonstrate the atom hydrogen specter and other quantum peculiarities. The chapter contains typical technical examples classic/quantum simulation at the ST presence.

    The third chapter analyzes thermal Brayton’s cycle and entropy nature. Any studied natural or technical systems have closed heat contact with the ST and some part of the system energy is dissipated into its. Additional peculiarities of Brayton’s cycle for jet propulsions are detail considered. At the ST presence the entropy nature may be clearly demonstrated and estimated. In particular, entropy growth correspond total pressure losses and energy dissipation in the external space.

    The fourth chapter is devoted to conservation laws of mass, momentum and energy in aerospace medium for simulation of thermo physical process (in particular, for external and internal aerodynamics). The united conservation laws are defined first of all by intensive interaction of gaseous medium and thermal radiation. We analyses basic designing complexities of high temperature air breathing engines related to origin of so-called "unexpected" heat of working process. The study considers some physical, chemical and plasma dynamical features of aerodynamics of re-entry space blunt bodies and meteors with specified account of thermal radiation influence. For experimental confirmation of our modeling we present special experimental data for thermal pressure registration. Using our approach we consider also the solution for the cold fusion problem (low energy nuclear reactions - LENR).

    In the fifth chapter some aerospace thermo physical problems are analyzed in the light of modern experimental achievements. For the common classic physics design standard the thermodynamically compatible conservation laws of mass, momentum and energy for radiate gaseous medium are written. By that the entropy growth presents the dissipative energy value on the level of external space gives pressure losses and determines the one time arrow. The chapter contains typical examples for aerospace propulsion solutions and simulation cosmic jets and waves.

    The sixth chapter gives the detail study the remarkable role of thermal (in particular, radiation) effects in aerospace propulsion physics and in modern methodologies. There is described the closed systems of thermodynamic compatible conservation laws for air breathing theory. The high level working process models, based on the system of conservation laws, allow getting accurate simulation of thermodynamic processes for gas turbine engines.

    The seventh chapter sets out the elements of the theory of low energy nuclear reactions (LENR).  Integral semi empirical and differential LENR simulations based on the analysis of the mass excess for the initial and destination of combustion products are proposed. Our model fully relies on the basics of classical nuclear physics. It allows recommending new fuels for similar processes heat generation with the comparative assessments of their thermal efficiency.

    The eighth chapter considers space thermal radiation in propulsion physics and in environment. Special experimental data for high temperature flows and shock waves are presented. We demonstrate the luminescence of shock waves and radiation equilibrium of high temperature jets, expiring from the aviation and rocket engine nozzles.

    The ninth chapter is devoted to united conservation laws of mass, momentum and energy for thermal processes in air breathing engines (ABE) and simulation of particle thermodynamics. The united conservation laws are defined by intensive interaction of gaseous medium and thermal radiation. In our modeling a radiate dynamics is described as motion of a continuous lightly movable medium with help of the “field” functions and the Euler variables. We analyze basic designing complexities of high temperature turbo and jet engines related to origin of additional heat losses of working process.

    In the tenth chapter the experimental study of pressure variation in metal empty sealed container in low vacuum conditions is presented. Three characteristic areas of pressure variation were registered: the pressure growth in accordance with Avogadro’s law in the temperature range from 290 to 700-800 K, the pressure drop in the temperature range from 800 to 1300 K and again the intensive pressure increasing in the temperature range from 1300 to 1490 K. 

    The authors of chapters are grateful to R. Z. Nigmatullin for useful discussions and B.O. Muraviov for his help in preparation of chapters.

  • Current Research Progress in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of agricultural sciences. The contributions by the authors include herbicide programs, weed control, peanut production, preemergence and postemergence herbicides, shifting cultivation, chittagong hill tracts, climate change, land degradation, organic-inorganic interaction, calcareous soils, nutrient use efficiency, integrated nutrient management, biofertilizer, juice quality, greenhouse geometry, hortipro greenhouse model, protected cultivation, greenhouse ventilation, greenhouse performance, rabi seed spices, availability of nitrogen and potassium, soil properties, Indian culture, machine-tractor unit, front chopper, plough draft resistance, surface’s longitudinal profile, medicinal and aromatic plants, biodiversity, medicinal plant farming, ex-situ conservation, drip irrigation configurations, water scarcity, water use efficiency, crop husbandry, genomic DNA extraction, plant fungal pathogens, internal transcribed spacer, phylogeny analysis. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of agricultural sciences.

  • Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of pharmaceutical research. The contributions by the authors include phytomedicine, phytochemicals, pharmacological factors, bioactivity, nutrition and vitamins, epidemiology, clinical microbiology, metastatic renal cell carcinoma, bronchoalveolar lavage, cytotoxicity, apoptosis, cytometry, colorectal cancer, pro-apoptotic effects, inflammatory diseases, drug resistence, metastasis, epithelial mesenchymal transition, nanoparticles, transdermal permeation, anti-migraine drugs, microneedle assisted transdermal delivery, zymosan-induced arthritis, cavity Infectious diseases, antimicrobial activity, oral microbiota, photocatalysts, antibacterial potency, bacterial growth curve, anti-tuberculosis therapy, diverse drug reaction, anti-tuberculosis drugs, biochemical parameters, Pharmacological marker. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of pharmaceutical research.

  • Medical Research and Its Applications Vol. 11

    This book covers key areas of medical research and its applications. The contributions by the authors include mucoadhesion, targeted drug delivery, novel mucoadhesive polymers, wetting theory, attitude, ethics, and communication module, art of effective communication, teaching-learning methods, collaborative brainstorming sessions, caries-affected dentine, chemomechanical, conventional caries removal, excavation of dentin, papain gel, Stafne’s bone defect, MRI Analysis, focal osteoporotic bone marrow defect, unilocular radiolucent image, glucose monitoring, type-1 diabetes mellitus, self-monitoring blood glucose, insulin replacement therapy, dexterity, hysterectomies, surgical skills, blood transfusion, perioperative complications, pap smear, malignancies, cervical cancer, low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, human papillomavirus, adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, maxillectomy defects, polyetheretherketone, definitive hollow bulb obturator, aramany class II defect, polymethyl methacrylate, percutaneous cholecystostomy, acute cholecystitis, gallbladder drainage, transhepatic approach, high performance liquid chromatography, hemoglobinopathy screening, thalassemia, add-on intervention, yoga practice, depression' severity, conventional treatment, medical education, learning preferences, modified VARK questionnaire, meshing hypothesis. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of medical research and its applications.

  • Theory and Practice of Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of mathematics and computer Science. The contributions by the authors include  prey-predator system, stability, bionomic equilibrium, optimal harvesting, Holling type response, homeomorphism, homeomorphism, topological spaces, Crystal-lattice symmetry, Platonic solids, elemental crystal structures, pair potential, atomic interaction range, phase diagram, Wind speed prediction, datamining, Weibull distribution, Rayleigh distribution, back propagation training algorithm, fractional differential equations, homotopy analysis method, Duffing oscillator, Caputo fractional derivative, Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative, Mittag-Leffler function, Lagrange stability, distal motion, Hill stable pair, probability, statistics, Benford’s Law, Zipf’s Law, Planck’s Law, configurational entropy,  resource allocation, timetabling, algorithms, anti fuzzy dominating set, split anti fuzzy domination number, Count data, Bayesian inference, health insurance, zero-truncated, multi-level models, cloud computation, distributed system, granular classification, taxonomy, localized near-rings, frobenius derivations. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of mathematics and computer Sciences.

  • Fractionalization of the Bosonic Statistics and Slightly Beyond, Edition 1

    This monograph is intended to summarize the author’s work on some generalizations of the quantum Bose–Einstein statistics and related quantum distributions involving various approaches. Two branches of such generalizations are covered: phenomenological substitutions of the Gibbs factor using the Tsallis q-exponential and complex-valued parameters of statistics. The branches are interwined in one case.

    The book is based on the author’s papers

    • Phase transition in a system of 1D harmonic oscillators obeying Polychronakos statistics with a complex parameter. Low Temp. Phys. 39(10): 888–892, 2013.
    • Complex-valued fractional statistics for D-dimensional harmonic oscillators. Phys. Lett. A. 378(3): 100–108, 2014.
    • Weakly nonadditive Polychronakos statistics. Phys. Rev. A. 89(5): 052116, 2014.
    • Ideal Bose-gas in nonadditive statistics. Low Temp. Phys. 44(10): 1025–1031, 2018.
    • Deforming Gibbs factor using Tsallis q-exponential with a complex parameter: An ideal Bose gas case. Symmetry. 12(5): 732, 2020.
    • Nonadditive generalization of the Gentile statistics. Low Temp. Phys. 49(8): 984–990, 2023.

    and the following manual (originally published in Ukrainian):

    • Exotic Types of Statistics. Lviv: Lviv University Press, 2018.

  • Newest Updates in Physical Science Research Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of physical science research. The contributions by the authors include  Fresnel reflection, quantized electromagnetic field, quantum correlators, normality, distribution functions, Shewhart control charts, Fraunhofer diffraction, two-dimensional Fourier transform, digital micro-image, mechanical twist, binary mixtures, phase equilibrium, nanocrystalline composites, high energy milling, electromagnetic wave, absorption, absorber and triple band absorber, conservation laws, projection postulate, quantum measurements, DNG metamaterial, Gödel’s incompleteness theorem, logical paradoxes, conformal mapping, lagrange control, spheroidal geometry, geodesic pathways, solid glass microspheres, epoxy matrix, wear resistance, mechanical properties, Lomax distribution, broadband detector, magnetic suspension, variable reluctance motor, gravimetric calibration, Vicker’s micro hardness method. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of physical sciences.

  • The Paradigm of Complex Probability and Markov Chains, Edition 1

  • Research Trends and Challenges in Medical Science Vol. 10

    This book covers key areas of medical science. The contributions by the authors include  lymphatic malformation type 6, hydrops fetalis, gene mutation, Sanger sequencing, Sanger validation, Vitriologae, vitiligo, angiosome, vascular anatomy, critical limb ischemia, collateral circulation, ulcer healing, limb salvage, diabetic foot, Non-invasive characterization, Skeletal metastasis, Dr. V. Siva’s retention ratio, Serum total PSA,  Panurethral, long-segment, urethral, structure, lichen sclerosus, Primary hepatic lymphoma, hepatic lymphoma, non-hodgkin’s hepatic lymphoma, radiotherapy, hepato cellular carcinoma, meningitis, epidemiology, infertility, chronic stress, CNS, immune system, oxidative stress, antioxidants, biomaterials, xenograft, autologous bone, adrenal hyperplasia, cortisol, Cushing’s syndrome, Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy, congenital insensitivity, fracture fixation, diphosphonates, immunoglobulins, monophasic immune mediated disorder, plasmapheresis, abdominal myomectomy, reproductive outcome, fertility. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medical sciences.

  • Mathematics and Computer Science: Contemporary Developments Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of mathematics and computer science. The contributions by the authors include beta generalized inverse Rayleigh distribution, statistical properties, Renyi entropy, Shannon entropy, Montecarlo Simulation, probability density function, pseudo-differential operators, hardy local morrey spaces; variable exponents, Lebesgue spaces, spectral analysis, circadian rhythms, maximum entropy spectral analysis, butterworth filter, rift valley fever, mosquito trapping, enzootic hepatitis, sensitivity analysis, ternary semirings, algebraic structures, ternary multiplication, mono-TSr, intra k-regular ternary semigroups, one-dimensional monotone interpolation, hermite cubic-spline, non-oscillation derivative, tridiagonal linear system, monotonicity, information theory, useful’ R-norm relative information, degree \(\beta\), non-symmetric ad joint, fuzzy matrix, medical diagnosis model, commutative law, absorption law, fuzzy binary relation. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of mathematics and computer science.

  • Project Management Practices: The Malaysian Insights and Trends

    This book is the first initiative by the Green Cities and Construction Research Group (GCCRG), Razak Faculty of Technology and Informatics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, towards transforming the various relevant studies on the Malaysian project management current practices. This book would really be a significant showcase of GCCRG researchers on their project outcomes. Each chapter generally covers the project management knowledge areas of Project Integration Management, Project Scope Management, Project Cost Management, Project Resources Management and Project Communications Management. It is hoped that this book would be able to provide the insights and trends on project management practices in the Malaysian construction industry.

    Special dedication is also presented to all the contributors, who are instrumental in the publication of this book. Thank you all for making this book a reality.

  • Current Research Progress in Physical Science Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of physical science. The contributions by the authors include asymptotic giant branch stars, stellar evolution, nuclear reactions, shell hydrogen burning, first dredge-up, spectroscopic techniques, benzodioxole, polarity parameters, dipole moment, heterocyclic molecules, Lorentz equation, relativistic mass, peltier effect, open quantum systems, free electromagnetic field, super radiant processes, telemedicine, data security, IoT Applications, hybrid cryptography, dysprosium ions, Boubaker polynomials, rare-earth, dysprosium, crystalline compounds, Euler potentials, 2D- and 3D- simulations, anti-dynamo theorem, nonlinear magnetic fields, biological active scaffolds, nuclear magnetic resonance, docking, density functional theory, electronic energy levels, intra-band transitions, quantum well heterostructures, wave function, Coulomb crystallization; plasma dynamics and ion flow, statistical thermodynamics, macroscopic kinetic level, dust subsystem, superconducting qubit; Josephson junction; energy gap, quantum manipulation. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of physical science.

  • Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical science. The contributions by the authors include diagnostic decision; emergency, heurestics, outpatient, evidence based template, Bovine enamel, carbonated soft drink, erosion, Body mass index, diabetes; hypertension, prediabetes, prehypertension, environmental pollution, colorectal carcinoma, hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal carcinoma, Microsatellite instability, high amount of microsatellite instability, lifestyle-related disease, insulin resistance, ischemia, reperfusion injury, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, osteoporosis, cancer, nucleotide mutations, primary congenital glaucoma, Conditional probability; visualization; Karnaugh map; signal flow graph; trinomial graph, natural frequency, personality disorder, recidivism, marine toxins, antibody–drug conjugates, monoclonal antibody, cancer therapy, pancreatic cancer, salivary glands, inflammation, diabetes mellitus, obesity, chemical pollutants. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical sciences.

  • Leveraging Postponement Strategies for Competitive Advantage in the Automobile Industry, Edition 1

    Postponement strategies have emerged as potential game-changers in the highly competitive car industry. These strategies involve delaying product modifications or final assembly until later in the sales process. By doing so, organizations can quickly adapt to shifting market demands, minimize inventory costs, and improve customer satisfaction. Implementing delay tactics effectively allows vehicle manufacturers to differentiate themselves from competitors and strengthen their overall competitiveness.

    One major advantage of using postponement strategies is the ability to offer a wider range of product options without incurring excessive expenses. By deferring customization until an order is received, companies can avoid producing large batches of cars with specific features that may not be in high demand. Alternatively, manufacturers can produce a base model and tailor it to individual customer preferences, reducing inventory costs and the risk of unsold vehicles.

    Postponement techniques also enable businesses to quickly adjust their production processes in response to market trends and customer preferences. If there is a surge in demand for electric cars, for example, companies can restructure their assembly line operations to prioritize the production of electric models.

    To successfully implement delay tactics, organizations need to invest in flexible production systems and streamlined supply chain management practices. Robust information technology (IT) systems facilitate communication among suppliers, manufacturers, and dealerships, ensuring smooth coordination across all manufacturing phases.

    Using postponement tactics in the car industry offers several benefits, including the ability to customize products, reduce lead time, optimize inventory levels, achieve cost reductions, and improve market responsiveness. By deferring final assembly and customization until after receiving client orders, manufacturers can provide a wide range of customization options without the need for extensive inventory management. This leads to increased customer satisfaction and loyalty.

    Another advantage of implementing delay tactics is the reduction in lead time. By postponing final assembly until an order is received, manufacturers can address dynamic market needs and optimize manufacturing and delivery time. This allows them to respond promptly to customer requirements and gain a competitive edge over competitors with longer manufacturing cycles.

    Postponement tactics also help optimize inventory levels. By maintaining a reduced inventory of modular components or sub-assemblies, manufacturers can effectively manage their inventory and minimize the risk of obsolescence. This approach reduces inventory-holding costs.

    Enhanced cost efficiency is another benefit of using delay tactics. Manufacturers can improve their overall profitability by utilizing economies of scale in component manufacturing, producing common components in large quantities to reduce unit costs. Additionally, reducing inventory levels leads to lower carrying costs and potential savings on storage facilities.

    In summary, using a postponement strategy in the car industry offers numerous advantages. These strategies allow for the effective fulfillment of customer requests while ensuring operational efficiency and profitability in a market characterized by constant change and unpredictability.

  • Recent Research Advances in Biology Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas ofbiological research. The contributions by the authors include sex ratio, length at first maturity, gonadosomatic index, visceral fatindex, spawning season, condition factor, hanging ratio, slack netting, length frequency distribution, fishing efficiency, cost efficiency, index of economic efficiency, density functional calculations, photoactive proteins, fluorescentproteins, reaction mechanisms, population ecology, population dynamics, transduction, molecular filter, transversal deformations, transversal otolithic membrane deflections, metamorphosis, breeding, brain water metabolism, brain nanofluidic domain, nanofluidics, computational model, AQP4-targeted therapy, Health care waste management, safety measures, hazardous waste disposal, anti-ulcerogenic activity, limate change, community, gender roles, social vulnerabilities, adaptation, mitigation, anatomy, taxonomic relationship.This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of biological sciences.

  • Enhancing Mental Health Counseling for Education Professionals in Africa: Addressing Unique Needs and Improving Outcomes, Edition 1

    In the vibrant and varied educational landscapes of Africa, the voices of resilience, dedication, and passion often overshadow the quieter, yet significant, struggles faced by those who shape our future: the education professionals. As we delve into "Enhancing Mental Health Counseling for Education Professionals in Africa: Addressing Unique Needs and Improving Outcomes," we approach this endeavor with profound respect and commitment to the well-being of those who nurture the minds of tomorrow.

    Education professionals hold a critical role in shaping both the intellectual and emotional development of the next generation. Their unwavering commitment to education lays the groundwork for a better future. However, in the pursuit of academic excellence, their own mental health often remains neglected. This book aims to shed light on the critical intersection of mental health and education, specifically addressing the unique challenges encountered by educators across the diverse African continent.

    Throughout these pages, we delve into the cultural and contextual factors that influence the experiences of education professionals in Africa. We emphasize that the well-being of educators is intrinsically linked to the health and effectiveness of the educational systems they support. By examining mental health counseling as a transformative tool, we highlight its potential to build resilience, promote self-care, and enhance overall professional satisfaction.

    This book is more than an academic exploration; it is a call to action. We urge educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to prioritize the mental health of their educators. We advocate for a shift in perspective, encouraging the creation of environments where seeking mental health support is seen not as a weakness but as a reflection of the strength and dedication inherent in the teaching profession.

    As we address the nuanced issues of mental health counseling tailored to the African educational context, we hope this book will serve as a comprehensive guide, a source of inspiration, and a catalyst for positive change. It is our aspiration that this work will elevate the conversation around the mental well-being of education professionals and place it at the center of educational discourse.

    In our shared quest for educational excellence, let us remember that the well-being of those who facilitate learning is a fundamental pillar. Together, let us embark on a transformative journey to create nurturing and supportive environments for the individuals who are shaping the minds of the future.

  • Current Advances in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of chemistry and biochemistry. The contributions by the authors include monomers, multistage chemical reaction, low frequency mechanical action, digestibility, gut microflora, prebiotic assay, thermolysin, antioxidative, antihypertensive, protein hydrolysate, gas chromatography, mass spectrometers, ion mobility spectrometers, miniaturization, mobile instruments, absorbance ratio, iso?absorptive point, regression coefficient, anticonvulsant activity, strychnine induced model, thiosemicarbazide induced model, 4-amino pyridine induced model, neurotoxicity screening, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, deuterium-depleted water, deuterium depletion, endemic plants, polysaccharides, saponification, medicinal- plant -based drugs, phytochemicals, inbred lines, hybrids, acid soil, analgesic activity, anti-inflammatory activity, antioxidant, anticandidal activity, blood ionized calcium, urinary tract infections, uropathogenic Escherichia coli, A-type proanthocyanidins, phenolic metabolites, antiadhesive activity, probiotics, oxidative stability, nuclear magnetic resonance, direct immersion SPMEfree fatty acids, hydroperoxides, monohydroxy-conjugated dienes, epoxides, di- or poly-hydroxy-compounds. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of chemistry and biochemistry.

  • Anatomy and Biomechanics of Scapulohumeral Rhythm – Concise Review, Edition 1

    Scapulohumeral rhythm refers to the coordinated movement of the scapula (shoulder blade) and the humerus (the upper arm bone) during shoulder elevation. This intricate relationship is crucial for achieving a full range of motion and optimal function of the shoulder joint. Understanding scapulohumeral rhythm is essential for diagnosing and treating shoulder disorders, as any disruption in this rhythm can lead to pain and limited mobility.

    Typically, the rhythm follows a pattern where for every 2 degrees of humeral elevation, the scapula rotates upward by 1 degree. This 2:1 ratio is vital for maintaining stability and ensuring that the shoulder joint operates efficiently. Factors such as muscle strength, joint integrity, and neuromuscular coordination play significant roles in this dynamic interplay.

    Exploring the nuances of scapulohumeral rhythm can enhance our understanding of shoulder mechanics and inform rehabilitation strategies for individuals experiencing shoulder dysfunction.

  • Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical research. The contributions by the authors include recurrent abortion, immune antibody, gut microorganism, sequencing, autism, cavity structure effect, synergin, quantum vortex ring, multiple sclerosis, magnetic therapy, quantum analysis, phytotherapy, tharmacodynamics, immune checkpoint inhibitors, Immune-related adverse events, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated antigen, programmed cell death protein, programmed death-ligand, immune-mediated colitis, antifertility, antispermatogen, testicular marker enzymes, esophageal cancer, epidemiology, mortality rates, renal cell carcinoma, vascular endothelial growth factor, hypoxia inducible factor, immunohistochemistry, prognosis, cholecystectomy, laparoscopic surgery, Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, biopeptides, blood glucose, glycemic control, hyperglycaemia, milk peptides, postprandial, prediabetes, type 2 diabetes, cystadenoma, leiomyoma, dermoid cyst, old-novel bio-medicine, novel-modern physiotherapies, ovarian cancer, peritoneal carcinomatosis, multimodal treatment, chemotherapy, lymphadenectomy. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical research.

  • Disease and Health Research: New Insights Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of disease and health research. The contributions by the authors include HIV/AIDS prevention, voluntary HIV counseling and testing, tertiary institution, vulnerable young adults, pre-exposure prophylaxis, female sex workers, persons who inject drugs, antiretroviral therapy, pre-exposure prophylaxis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, reactive oxygen species, pulmonary damage, ozone therapy, Nrf2 activator, self-medication practices, patronage of orthodox medical facilities, healthcare behaviors, peer smoking, interstitial lung diseases, disability-adjusted life years rate, pneumoconiosis, age-period-cohort analysis, social-demographic index, inguinal hernia, modified bassini’s repair, lichtenstein mesh repair, bowel strangulation, interstitial obstruction, SLC22A1 gene, human organic cationic transporter 1, chronic myeloid leukemia, blastic crisis phase, imatinib therapy, leukemic cells, tyrosine kinase inhibitor, blood donation challenges, KAP Analysis, clinical guidelines, COVID-19 pandemic, nutritional intake, Fe supplements, adolescent girls, anemia incidences, physiological conditions, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, psychotherapy, Schultz grid method, sensory integration training, behavior correction training, educational intervention, restoration of HbA1c level, pre-diabetic condition, arterial hypertension, non-communicable diseases. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of disease and health research.

  • Current Advances in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of chemistry and biochemistry research. The contributions by the authors include chemical synthesis, oxidative stress, HPV infection, Apatite coatings, titanium substrates, microstructural properties, X-ray diffraction, Nanoparticles, drug delivery systems, cancer treatment, radiosensitizer, bioimaging, antibacterial agents, pancreatic cancer, tumor specimens, diabetic retinopathy neutrophils, N- and O- glycans, glycosyltransferase activities, isothiocyanates, hazardous substance, decontamination efficiency, residual contamination, desprach sorbent, decontamination glove, decontamination sponge, Mannich bases, complexes, octahedral, tetrahedral, antimicrobial activity, time domain reflectometry, Bruggeman factor, Kirkwood correlation, factor, Kinetic model, photopolymerization, spatial confirmation, additive manufacturing, kidney stone, dissolution, trace element, chemical characterization, total polyphenolics, lycopene, geographic origin, bioenergetics, association-induction hypothesis, quantum coherence, membrane-less organelles, intrinsically disordered proteins, structured water. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of chemistry and biochemistry research.

  • Science and Technology: Recent Updates and Future Prospects Vol. 10

    This book covers key areas of science and technology. The contributions by the authors include SIWR model, Pontryagin's maximum principle, waterborne infections, optimal control problem, global water scarcity, water footprint, virtual water; water pollution, e-learning websites, web accessibility, visually challenged users, accessibility checker tool, marine soil bacteria, biopigment, uv-visible spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, acoustic wave propagation, finite element method, ansys program, energy management system, ISO 50001, energy consumption, carbon emissions, energy and exergy performance, trapezoidal cooker, external reflector, intermittent cloud passages, exergy temperature difference product, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, pharmacological therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, environmental factor in children's growth. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of science and technology.

  • Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of Medicine and Medical Science research. The contributions by the authors include Medico-legal, community/public participation, Health by who 1998, forensic pathology, sustainable, empowerment, embalming, forensic medicine, demographic indices, dactylograpgy, eletrophoresis, comparisons, forensic pathology, accessible, affordable, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), NOS, MDA, QOL, Immediate healing, personality development, neurotic diseases, psychosomatic disorders, smoking, obesity, sleep disorders, Refractive error, truck drivers, visual acuity, color blindness, Myoma, infertility, abnormal uterine bleeding, endoscopic myomectomy, Spondyloathropathy, clinical manifestations, ESBL, antibiogram, drug resistant Klebsiella pneumonia, Mammals, adult and prepubertal rat, hamster, retina, retinopetal fibers, ADHD, adults, screening, treatment, stimulant medication, dose optimization, Sero-prevalence, Hepatitis B virus, routine screening, immunization, Post traumatic stress, PTSD, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF, biomarker, Necrotizing fasciitis, odontogenic, abscess, infection. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Medicine and Medical Science.

  • Arid Land Adversity: Navigating Socioeconomic, Environmental and Governance Challenges in the Northern Cape Province, Edition 1

    The Northern Cape, a vast and vibrant province in South Africa, faces a unique set of challenges and opportunities. This book delves into these critical issues, exploring the obstacles hindering progress and the potential pathways toward a brighter future.

    A glimpse of what one will find within these pages:

    • Limited Government Capacity: We will examine the challenges of resource constraints, bureaucratic inefficiencies, and the need for a skilled workforce to deliver essential services effectively.
    • Political Instability: The book will explore the consequences of a shifting political landscape where frequent leadership changes and a lack of long-term vision create uncertainty and hinder progress.
    • Social and Economic Issues: We will look at pressing concerns like poverty, unemployment, and access to quality education and healthcare.
    • The Role of Civil Society: The book will highlight the importance of civil society organizations in promoting transparency, accountability, and citizen engagement.
    • Harnessing Technology: We will explore how technology can be leveraged to bridge the digital divide, empower citizens, and improve service delivery.

    Hence this book is not just a diagnosis of the challenges but also a roadmap to solutions, we will explore potential pathways forward focusing on:

    • Strengthening Democratic Institutions: Building a robust framework for good governance with a focus on transparency, accountability, and the rule of law.
    • Investing in Human Capital: Developing a skilled workforce through education and training programs to address personnel shortages within the government and the private sector.
    • Fostering Collaboration: Encouraging partnerships between government, civil society, and the private sector to leverage resources and expertise for effective development initiatives.
    • Promoting Citizen Participation: Empowering citizens to actively engage in the political process and hold their leaders accountable.

    This book is intended for a broad audience – citizens of the Northern Cape, policymakers, civil society organizations, and anyone interested in understanding the complexities and potential of this remarkable province. By working together, the Northern Cape can overcome its challenges and harness its opportunities to build a more just, equitable, and prosperous future for all.

  • New Ideas Concerning Science and Technology Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of science and technology research. The contributions by the authors include compressible Stokes Equation, Reynolds lubrication theory, falling and moving objects, moving mesh, low reynold Swimming, bottle gourds, drying rate, mathematical models, Zero-distance pulse front, time optics, space optics, hyper excitability, nano particles, astrocyte, occupational health, ergonomic methods, manufacturing processes, electronics industry, vaginal hydrogels, contraception, multi-drug release, mucoadhesive, biodegradability, Alzheimer’s disease, drugs, population aging, pharmaceuticals, climate change. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of science and technology.

  • Innovations in Science and Technology: Shaping a Sustainable Future (Vol. 2)

    The second volume of "Innovations in Science and Technology Shaping a Sustainable Future" continues our exploration of the groundbreaking research and advancements driving us towards a more sustainable world.

    This volume opens with "Methods of Analysis of Metal Ions," offering insights into the latest techniques for analyzing metal ions, which are critical for environmental monitoring and medical applications. The chapter "Advanced Strategies for Unnatural Amino Acid Synthesis and Their Applications in Chemistry and Biotechnology" highlights innovative approaches in synthetic biology that promise to revolutionize protein engineering and pharmaceutical development.

    The chapter on “Emerging Lead-Free Ferroelectric Materials: Potassium Bismuth Titanate & Sodium Bismuth Titanate” focuses on the development of environmentally friendly ferroelectric materials. These materials offer promising alternatives to lead-based compounds, addressing both technological demands and environmental concerns.

    “Innovations in Sciences and Their Impact on Community Development: A Review” provides a comprehensive overview of how scientific advancements are transforming communities. This chapter underscores the importance of integrating scientific innovation with societal needs to drive sustainable development.

    The impact of human activities on wildlife and ecosystems is scrutinized in “Human Impact on Wildlife and Ecosystems for Sustainable Development”. This chapter emphasizes the need for sustainable practices to preserve biodiversity and maintain ecosystem health, which are vital for the well-being of all life forms.

    Water quality is a critical factor in sustaining life and ecosystems. “Assessment of Vital Water Quality Parameters for a Sustainable Future” discusses the key indicators of water quality and the methodologies used to assess them, providing insights into maintaining water resources for future generations.

    “Plasmonic Waveguides with Properties and Applications: A Review” explores the intriguing world of plasmonics and its applications in various fields, including telecommunications and medical diagnostics. This chapter illustrates the potential of plasmonic technologies to revolutionize multiple industries.

    The chapter titled “Earthworm Magic: Unlocking Kitchen Waste’s Potential through Vermicomposting” sheds light on the sustainable practice of vermicomposting. This natural process not only reduces waste but also enriches soil health, showcasing the synergy between technology and nature.

    “Transforming Geography with Geospatial Technologies” discusses the transformative impact of geospatial technologies on the field of geography. These technologies enhance our ability to analyze spatial data, leading to better decision-making and resource management.

    The fascinating properties of flavonoids and their antioxidant potential are detailed in “An Overview of Flavonoids and Antioxidant Potential of Prosopis cineraria”. This chapter highlights the medicinal and nutritional benefits of this plant, contributing to the field of natural product research.

    Finally, “Ethyl 2-diazo-4,4,4-trifluoro-3-oxobutanoate: A Valuable Precursor in Organic Synthesis” presents an in-depth look at this versatile compound. Its applications in organic synthesis demonstrate its significance in developing new chemical entities and advancing synthetic methodologies.

    This volume is a testament to the remarkable strides being made across various scientific disciplines. Each chapter not only presents innovative solutions to contemporary challenges but also emphasizes the importance of sustainability in guiding future research and development.

    This volume reflects the ongoing synergy between scientific innovation and sustainability, inspiring further research and actions towards a sustainable future.

    As editors, we extend our heartfelt gratitude to the contributors who have shared their expertise, insights, and passion for innovation. We hope this volume ignites conversations, fosters new collaborations, and drives actions toward a more sustainable and equitable world. Together, let us leverage the power of innovation to build a prosperous, fair, and resilient future for all.

  • Recent Research Advances in Biology Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of biology research. The contributions by the authors include  antimicrobial peptide, atopic dermatitis, barrier function, epidermal barrier, filaggrin, skin barrier repair,  epilachna larvae, plant feeder pests, predatory species, physicochemical parameters, alkalinity, carbon(iv)oxide, salinity, dissolved oxygen and temperature ranges, brackish water, fishpond,  anaemia and antisickling property, cytoskeletal proteins, energy metabolism, mitochondrial interactions, plectin, tubulin beta, signaling, ischemia-reperfusion, cytoskeleton, energy metabolism, mitochondria, mitochondrial heterogeneity, preconditioning, reactive oxygen species, signaling, chromosomal band maps, herbal practitioners, medicinal plants, phytochemicals, ethnobotanical study, cell suspension culture, phytochemical analysis, phenolic compounds, succulent plants, biochemical parameters and kidney biomarkers, modern toxic metal, nephrotoxicity, cadmium treatment, cytomegalovirus, morphological evaluation, lymphocytic component. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of biology research.

  • Pharmaceutical Research: Recent Advances and Trends Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of pharmaceutical research. The contributions by the authors include benazepril, hydrochlorothiazide, angiotensin-converting enzyme, UPLC method, cytotoxic activity, cancer treatment, complementary and alternative medicine, HeLa Cervical Cancer, A549 Lung Cancer Cells, anticonvulsant activity, New 2-(4-Oxo-2-Propylquinazolin-4(3H)-yl) acetohydrazide derivatives, Quinazoline, PTZ-induced convulsion model, gamma-aminobutyric acid, Plasmodium falciparum, artemisinin combination therapy, chloroquine, drug resistance, gallic acid, high-performance liquid chromatography, cassia hirsute, herbal medicine, phytochemical and pharmacological components, allopathic medicines, antivenom, spermicidal safety study, therapeutic potential of jungle jalebi fruits, metoprolol-induced liver injury, Vitamin e’s hepatoprotective role, liver failure, carcinogen metabolism, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, cyclooxygenase enzymes, familial adenomatous polyposis, cancer treatment, lipid-based nanovesicles, drug delivery, non-ionic surfactants, amphiphilic copolymers, hydrotropic solubilization, poorly water-soluble drugs, new chemical entities, pH-Independent solubilization, scoring-assisted generative exploration, GEGL framework, multiple QSAR models, de novo molecular design, enzyme inhibitor design. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of pharmaceutical research.

  • Current Perspectives on Chemical Sciences Vol. 10

    This book covers key areas of chemical science research. The contributions by the authors include casimir force, transport processes, nano-volumes, physical and thermodynamic properties, metallic glasses, icosahedral order, medium-range order, molecular dynamics simulation, glass-forming ability, Regge calculus, composite structure, finite element analysis, deformation, energy, electrostatics, micro algal resin, removal of Cd (II), ion exchange, lagergren kinetic model, Langmuir and freundlich isotherms, Young's modulus, polyester, particles, hulls of palm nuts, hulls of coconut, phonon spectrum, thermal properties, grapheme, silicone, phosphorene, partition coefficient, hydrophobe, diabetes, geometry optimization, electrostatic potentials, protein immobilization, enzymatic cascade, L-amino acids, fatigue crack propagation, shot peening, anodizing, Paris constant, bimetallic nanoparticles, nanocatalysts, microemulsion, simulation, one-pot method, petroleum contaminated soils, gas chromatography with flame ionisation detector, crude oil spill. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of chemical science research.

  • Carambola/Five-Finger: The Forbidden Fruit for Patients with Renal Disorders, Edition 1

    Carambola is a tropical fruit that is globally known and used by many across the archipelago of the world. The name of the fruit varies from one geographical location to another, but the common trait is that it is used freely in the culinary arts and for its medicinal properties unaware of the deadly threats due to certain chemicals in the fruit.

    In my exploration of the fruit, Five-Finger as it is locally known in Guyana, South America, I discovered that the fruit poses serious threats to those with renal diseases. I found that certain chemical substances such as caramboxin and oxalic acid are present in the fruit and cause serious health challenges to individuals who are predisposed to renal diseases despite the many health benefits. The negative effects of the carambola or five-finger outlined in this book are supported by the evidence-based data in copious qualitative and other methods of research projects over time. Findings reveal that there are certain signs and symptoms of death for those who are predisposed after consuming the fruit.

  • Newest Updates in Physical Science Research Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of physical science research. The contributions by the authors include optical diagnostics, fractal structures, amplitude-phase characteristics, spectral analysis, directional coupler switch, enhanced extinction ratio, low insertion loss, LiTaO3 platform, field amplitude, frequency upconversion process, sum squeezing, electromagnetic fields, dilute nitrides, liquid phase epitaxy, photoluminescence, surface photovoltage, ZnO nanorods, etching effects, hydrothermal method, optoelectronic properties, Red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells(WBCs), identification, detection, blood count, magnetic deperming, superconducting cable, seabed, electron tunneling, potential barrier, field emission, nano-sized cold cathode, conformal transformation, transfer matrix method, dynamic speckle, inertia moment, temporal correlation, adhesive, drying, activity, smart energy dissipation, nano-damping, control, sensitivity, magnetic field, electric field, temperature, surface tension, contact angle, liquid-repellent nanoporous solid body, wetting, water and water-based ferrofluid, drop, heat transfer. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of physical science research

  • Hand Book on Normal Anatomy, Anatomical Variants and Most Common Congenital Heart Defects: A Light House to Cardiac Surgeon, Edition 1

    Cardiac diseases are the principal cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide taking lives of about 17.9 million people every year. So, it is important to identify, investigate, diagnose and treat these diseases. Cardiac clinicians due to their busy schedule are unable to update their knowledge in this era of information blast. In addition, upcoming cardiologists perusing MCH in cardiology find it difficult to renew their understanding of cardiac diseases which is found scattered. In this monograph, an attempt is being made to consolidate the available information about the normal and variant anatomy of the human heart and highlight the principal diseases of the heart. The information enshrined in this monograph will be of utmost useful to budding cardiologists as well as established cardiac clinicians in rephrasing their knowledge on the human heart and thereby reducing the failure cases resulting in saving the lives of millions of people suffering from cardiac diseases.

  • Insights into Economics and Management Vol. 11

    This book covers key areas of economics and management. The contributions by the authors include transition economies, reforms, constitutional change, illicit trade, (mass) privatization, ownership structure, investment, domestic tourists, features, heritage tourism, revisit intention, youth unemployment, entrepreneurship, business management, entrepreneurial intention, finance, E-banking, E-commerce, information technology, customer satisfaction, customer loyalty, perceived value, trust, foreign banks, Nomadic herders, farmers, food security, threats, urban flooding, flood risk, public participatory role, public awareness, capacities, competitiveness, institutional performance, post-communist states, self-managerial socialism, quadruple transition, structural reforms, merit-system in the public administration, waste management, Bahrain public commission, livestock and logit model. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of economics and management.

  • Business, Management and Economics: Research Progress Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of business, management and economics. The contributions by the authors include bad loans, Nigeria’s deposit money banks’ credit administration, bad debts and incidence, banks lending policies, educational attainment, school intellectual quality, Florida school intellectual quality, No Child Left Behind Act of 2002, working capital management, profitability, manufacturing companies, inventory turnover, integrated farming system, employment generation, farming experience, cropping pattern, mutual fund industry, investors' decision-making processes, investment behavioural bias, demographic characteristics, triple bottom line, corporate social responsibility, regulatory technology, artificial intelligence, business-to-business e-commerce adoption, inventory management, rural development, population density, health-education, economic conditions of living. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of business, management and economics.

                                                     

  • Current Topics on Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of mathematics and computer science. The contributions by the authors include operating System, framework visualization, Subordination, super ordination, parallel code phase search algorithm, serial search acquisition, algorithm, Cooley-Tukey FFT, multisemi group, complementary, duality, benders decomposition, cesaro averages, power-bounded operator, Kriess resolvent condition, Ritt resolvent condition, weighted shift operator, Cosmology, Timaeus, epinomis, justice, equality, division in extreme and mean, golden proportion, Pingala’s M?tr?meru, the one and the indefinite dyad, Software scope verification, scope management, scope definition, inspection, word sense Disambiguation, concept drift, natural language processing, Interval arithmetic, linear system, uncertain information, propagation of uncertainties Project management, people focus, organizational culture, project managers, project team members, Quasi-differential expressions, product quasi-differential expressions, direct sum spaces, bounded solutions and integrable square solutions, multiple comparisons, qualitative data, Jackson networks, sojourn time, network flow equations, randomization procedure, survival time analysis, maximum likelihood, EM-Algorithm, mixture model, simulation, exponential distribution, gamma distribution, Weibull Distribution, algorithm.This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of mathematics and computer science.

  • Medicine and Medical Research: New Perspectives Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical research. The contributions by the authors include respiratory pathogens, multiplex polymerase chain reaction, upper respiratory tract infections, filmarray™ rp, abdominal aortic bifurcation level, pelvic cancer, radiotherapy planning, anatomical variations, national tuberculosis elimination program, COVID-19 pandemic, joint monitoring mission, central TB division, united nations high-level meeting on tuberculosis, metformin, oral antidiabetic drug, fourier transform infrared, GC-MS technique, quality control, HPLC-UV chromatograms, electrochemical techniques, colorectal cancer, CDX2, immunohistochemistry, lymphovascular invasion, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, non-pharmacological therapy, EEG biofeedback, exercise therapy, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, invasion, colorectal neoplastic process, vascular endothelial growth factor-1, mucinous adenocarcinoma, colorectal cancer, safe motherhood, maternal awareness, health-seeking behavior, exclusive breastfeeding, hydrogen gas inhalation, lung inflammation, blood pressure, monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of medicine and medical research.

  • Current Advances in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of chemistry and biochemistry research. The contributions by the authors include organic acids, chromatographic methods, cyanolipids, sapindaceous seed oils, methylmercury, diabetes, adipokines, adiponectin, lipid peroxidation, heavy metals, adsorption capacities, biogenesis, thermodynamics, luminescence, emission bands, bacterial strains, bioremediation, immobilised cells, lab microcosms, pseudoboehmite, alkaline fusion, precipitation, Alumina-y, specific surface, biosorption, Temkin model, mixed oxides, cyclic voltammetry, roughness factor,  spectroscopic, antibacterial properties, cytotoxicity, UV properties, UV-absorbent molecules, PL spectroscopic techniques, fermentation, filtrate bamboo, carbon disulphide, Insertion, copper complexes, ligand, coordination compound, polysaccharide, microwave assisted extraction, microwave assisted soxhlet extraction, ultrasonic velocity, binary mixture, molecular interaction, hydrogen bonding. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of chemistry and biochemistry research.

  • Science and Technology: Recent Updates and Future Prospects Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of science and technology. The contributions by the authors include turbulent shear flow, mach number, Reynolds stress, structural compressibility effects, forward head posture, prolonged computer use, neck pain, craniovertebral angle, GEMS software modeling, water quality index, supply water distribution, deliver safe drink water, cybernetic electronic communication, chronic disorders, a snow ball technique, phenomenological approach, meshed coconut coir, treated and non-treated coir layer, porosity, alkaline attack, internet of things, remote health monitoring system, electrocardiogram sensor, electronic health record, magnetic penetration depth, close-shell inversion, superconductivity, Meissner effect, carbon-based materials, energy storage devices, electrochemical double-layer capacitors, nuclear magnetic resonance. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of science and technology.

  • Insights into Economics and Management Vol. 10

    This book covers key areas of economics and management. The contributions by the authors include regression estimation, international migration, remittances, production and GDP, government policy and regulations, benchmarking, business, motorsports, information technology, population, growth rate, internet, social media, financial stability, financial and budgetary security, municipalities, assessment of financial stability and security of municipalities, business strategy, strategy, competitiveness, country of origin, manufacturing relocation, operations management, procurement strategy, plant location, sourcing,  corporate retail stores, retail shopping, shopping behavior, consumer income, specialty store, profitability, strategic alliance, enterprise, competition, commercial banks, claim frequency, probability distribution functions, determining premium, Poisson-gamma distribution, evaluation of models, choice of the best model, Professional Service Firms, entrepreneurial ventures, planning sustainable partnerships, rebalancing, manufacturing belt, economic development, economic structural change, economic growth, entrepreneurship, big data, online collaboration, digital economy, case study, knowledge economy, risk index, service operations, empirical application, optimization approach, data envelopment analysis. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of economics and management.

  • Innovations in Biological Science Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of biological science. The contributions by the authors include insect-specific viruses, entomological surveillance, arthropod-borne viruses, bunyaviruses, hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms, socio-economic requirements, biodegradation, biotransformation of wastewater, enzymatic activity, COVID-19 pandemic, medicinal applications of messenger RNA, induced pluripotent stem cells, regenerative medicine, rumen microbial degradation, consecutive batch culture, volatile fatty acids, whole cottonseed, mesenchymal stem cells, dysregulation of behavior, physiological wound healing, small extracellular vesicles, extra cellular matrix, MSC-sEVs, allogenic transplantation, low back pain, myofascial technique, instrument assisted soft tissue mobilisation, kinesio-taping, behavioural and cognitive therapy, instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization, intensive forest management, volumetric shrinkage, wood quality, lubeg tree species, integrated pest management, spider families, arachnid orders, spider venom, macrophyte floral diversity, aquatic macrophytes, aquatic weed meal, phytoremediation, bio-control, drug lixisenatide, GLP1 receptor agonists, potential toxicity of drug, cerebral cortex. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of biological science.

  • Modern Perspectives in Language, Literature and Education Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of language, literature and education. The contributions by the authors include attitude towards english, english language, communication skills, medium of instruction, intervention programme, interpersonal interaction, topic shift, students’ perspective, bilingual-based materials, educational technology, english for specific purposes, evaluative discourse, biblical discourse, internal evaluation, external evaluation, quotative discourse, reportive discourse, cultural groups, cultural superiority, creative teaching, creative thinking, subsidiary materials, job satisfaction, political discourse, transcription, physical education, management, innovation and communications, dynamic equivalence, integrated translation approach, dialogic interaction, monologic lectures, lecturer-student interaction, lecture discourse, endangered languages, minority languages online. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of language, literature and education.

  • Current Approaches in Engineering Research and Technology Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of engineering research and technology. The contributions by the authors include corrosion susceptibility, Al-Mg-Si alloy, high strength-to-weight ratio, thixo-joining, feed forward neural network, power quality, artificial neural networks, field programmable gate array, concrete degradation, sea water intrusion, mechanical properties of concrete, concrete compressive strength test, Ranque-Hilsch Vortex Tube, MCDM models, vortex momentum transfer theory, theory of acoustic streaming, switching mode power-supply circuit, novel solitary electromagnetic wave theory, low impedance lossy line, matched impedance lossy line, electromagnetism, unmanned aerial vehicles, radio frequencies, arduino nano microcontroller unit, nRF front-end module, direct torque control, interior permanent magnet synchronous motor, PI controller, stator resistance compensation, artificial intelligence, reliability analysis, power distribution systems, feed forward neural network, building information modelling, hybrid work model, architecture-engineering-construction sector, relative importance index, cloud computing, aquaplaning phenomenon, viscous fluid, road accidents, layer of liquid. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of engineering research and technology.

  • Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 13

    This book covers key areas medicine and medical research. The contributions by the authors include hypocalciuria, parathyroid hormone, esophagectomy, robotic assistance, thyroid, aplasia, hypothyroidism, scintigraphy,  hormonal response, physiological demands, protein synthesis, pregnancy, intra-partum antibiotic prophylaxis and vaccine, unilateral condylar hyperplasia, dentofacial deformity, orthosurgical correction, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, osteoarthritis, chronic diseases, amnion membrane, diastema, aesthetics, intra-bony defects, regeneration, blood pressure, body mass index, physical activity, pulse rate, sedentary life style, waist to hip ratio, cell cycle checkpoints, DNA repair, double strand breaks, homologous recombination, non-homologous end-joining, photoreceptors, human fovea, segment length, topography, total hip replacement, ceramic components, functional outcome, cardiovascular responses, isometric exercises, normotensives, antibody-drug conjugate, cytokines, immunotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, recombinant BCG, tumor vaccine, urological tumours, urinary calculus, urolithiasis, attenuation, non-contrast CT scan, pellet gun injury, patients, metallic projectiles, hyphaema, niacin deficiency, malabsorptive conditions, dermatological lesions, alcoholism, pellagra disorder, simulation, auscultation, cardiopulmonary. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical research.

  • Fundamentals of Floristic Studies and Quantitative Analysis of Plant Diversity, Edition 1

    This book is dedicated to the scientists and students interested in understanding the fundamentals and keen knowledge of floristic studies of plant diversity, The data given in this book is solely based upon field studies with a necessary understanding of technical details upon which such knowledge is based. Throughout the book, it has often been convenient to refer to floristic analysis of plant diversity, population or taxonomic description in terms implying reasoning faculties.

    This book takes at various aspects concerning the fundamentals of floristic investigation of plant diversity and population. The parts of the book, heterogeneous in nature, were invited by the publisher and the authors are responsible for their statements. The accuracy of each part of the book was checked by the authors through the proofreading stages. The book covers a wide spectrum of issues related to the assessment of floristic fundamentals and different parameters for measuring plant diversity for any geographical region in the world. The reader will find current information and data obtained in field studies undertaken to assess the analysis of plant diversity and taxonomic descriptions of plant species.

    We hope that this publication will be a useful document for studies, professionals and researchers of various disciplines related to different subjects Botany, Ecology, Biodiversity, Forestry, Floristic studies and Taxonomy. The book is a result of efforts by many experts from different fields. I would like to acknowledge the authors for their contribution to the book. I wish to offer special thanks to Prof. Manish Kumar Jain, Centre of Mining Environment, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, IIT (ISM), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India and Dr. Lal Babu Chaudhary, Senior Principal Scientist, Plant Diversity, Systematic and Herbarium Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India for his exceptional help throughout the preparation process.

  • Current Perspectives on Chemical Sciences Vol. 11

    This book covers key areas of chemical sciences. The contributions by the authors include   soxhlet extraction, DPPH assay, chromatographic techniques, bioactive compounds, antioxidants, fiber optics, adulteration, ZnO nanoparticles, magnetic properties, nanomaterials, bio-based solvents, O,S,N-heterocycles synthesis, catalytic and greener methodology, pharmaceutical drugs, Ionophoretic technique, mobility, stability constants, ester derivatives, O-R bond rupture, dipole moment, electromagnetic wave shielding effectiveness, carbon fiber-carbon microcoil hybridization, carbon-based nonwoven fabrics, H2 plasma treatment, absorption loss shielding mechanism, chemical composition transformation, bacterial cellulose, collagen, resveratrol, biodegradable polymer biomaterials, epidermal reconstruction, tissue regeneration, wound healing,  agro-waste, heavy metals, adsorption, polyaniline, AC conductivity, polymer composite.This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of chemical sciences.

  • Next-generation Wireless Sensor Networks: Innovations in Data Quality, Data Aggregation and MAC Protocols, Edition 1

    The advent of advanced technology has significantly propelled the development and optimization of sensor nodes, culminating in the sophisticated design of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). These sensor nodes, characterized by their low power consumption, cost-effectiveness, and multifunctional capabilities, have revolutionized the way we approach data sensing, processing, and communication. This book delves into the intricate workings of WSNs, exploring their potential and the challenges they face in contemporary applications.

    Our journey into the realm of WSNs began with a fascination for how tiny sensor-motes, equipped with advanced sensing and communication technologies, could collectively monitor and relay critical data over short distances. This collaborative network of nodes, working in tandem to sense, process, and transmit data, presents a unique paradigm that distinguishes WSNs from traditional ad-hoc networks. The ability of these networks to self-organize and adapt to varying environments without the need for fixed infrastructure intrigued me and spurred my research.

    Throughout this book, we explore the fundamental aspects of WSN technology, emphasizing the importance of efficient data aggregation and medium access control (MAC) schemes. We address the core challenges associated with WSNs, such as scalability, power management, self-organization, and data quality, while also presenting innovative solutions to enhance network performance and reliability.

    One of the pivotal contributions of this work is the introduction of a novel framework aimed at improving data quality during the aggregation process. By employing a simple yet effective clustering algorithm that selects clusterheads based on data correlation factors, we demonstrate how this approach can significantly reduce routing time and enhance data integrity. Additionally, the book introduces the Improved Funneling MAC (IF-MAC) technique, a hybrid MAC scheme designed to mitigate congestion around the sink node, thereby improving network reliability and reducing packet delays.

    The insights presented in this book are backed by rigorous MATLAB simulations, comparing our proposed methods with existing techniques to highlight their superior performance. The results unequivocally show that our approaches contribute to enhanced data quality and network efficiency, particularly in high-traffic scenarios.

    As we look to the future, this book outlines several avenues for further research, including the integration of security mechanisms, extending choke points in IF-MAC, ensuring interoperability among diverse sensor nodes, and exploring the synergy between WSNs and the Internet of Things (IoT). These directions underscore the dynamic and evolving nature of WSN technology, paving the way for innovative applications and solutions.

    We hope this book serves as a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners, and enthusiasts in the field of wireless sensor networks. It encapsulates the challenges, solutions, and future directions in this exciting domain, offering a comprehensive guide to understanding and advancing WSN technology.

  • Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical science. The contributions by the authors include central nervous system, chronic renal failure, glomerular filtration rate, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, right subcostal discomfort, embolization, Inferior mesenteric vein, Splenic vein, superior mesenteric vein, transplantation, bariatric surgery, gastrectomy, polyneuropathy, dysmenorrhea, nanoone technology, osteoarthritis, gout and antidepressant effects, food supplements, natural nutrition, health effects, natural products, aborted blood pollution, contraceptive menstrual blood pollution, ozone depletion, putrefaction of enormous fetuses, ethnobotanical record, drug profile, supraclavicular brachial plexus block, levobupivacaine, child psychological abuse, false accusations of child sexual abuse, family violence, high conflict separation and divorce’ parental alienation, endoscopy, gossypioma, intraluminal migration, retained surgical sponge, sepsis, procalcitonin, sensitivity, infectious disease, Hepatitis B virus, oral antiviral drugs, hepatitis e antigen, hepatitis e antibody, oral antiviral drugs, sleep quality, ratings of sleep, international sleep medicine. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical science.

  • Disease and Health Research: New Insights Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of disease and health research. The contributions by the authors include health literacy, planetary diets, nutritional health, obesity epidemic, environmental sustainability, musculoskeletal problems, post covid-19, COVID-19 infection, angiotensin-converting enzymes-2, peripheral vascular disease, geriatric nutrition, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, non communicable diseases, psychoactive substances, elderly tribal and non-tribal population, Megahed's magnetic appliance, thumb sucking habit, habit breaking appliance, dental and skeletal deformities, tuberculous meningitis, drug-induced liver injury, pyrazinamide, anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury, placental abnormalities, pregnancy disorders, chorioamnionitis, medical comorbidities, nutraceuticals, economic development, food quality, medicinal foods, herbal nutraceuticals, thyroid tuberculosis, fine needle aspiration cytology, cardiac tamponade, anti-tuberculosis treatment, lymph drainage from skin, skin melanoma, sentinel lymph node, lymphoscintigraphy, Sappey's rules, cell longevity, elasticity of the skin, photoaging damages, Rosa canina. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of disease and health research.

  • Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of pharmaceutical research. The contributions by the authors include gestational diabetes mellitus, pregnancy, complications, hyperglycaemia, DFT calculations, Kinetics,  acid-catalyzed hydrolysis,LLamotrigene formulations, gangliosides, signal transduction, mast cells, activation, newly formed mediators, newly synthesized mediators, antidotes, clinical assay, saliva-diagnostics, biomedical waste, environmental impact, pathological waste, potentially infectious waste, hazardous waste, medicinal plants, caffeine, phenolics, flavonoids, antioxidant activity, polycystic ovarian syndrome, hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, etiological factors, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, prognosis, inhalation, euthanasia,  antioxidant parameters, reconstructive surgery, orthopaedic wounds, UV spectroscopy, microsponges, animal helminthoses, chemotherapy and prevention, anthelmintic substances, folk medicine, non-organic and organic anthelminthic substances, phloroglucines, phenothiazine, avermectin analogues, aminoacetonitril derivatives, monepantel, spiroindols, biological methods of helminthoses control. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of pharmaceutical research.

  • Text Mining Techniques with Applications, Edition 1

    Welcome to the world of text mining! In today's data-driven society, the abundance of textual data presents both challenges and opportunities for extracting valuable insights and knowledge. As the volume of unstructured text continues to grow exponentially, the need for effective text mining techniques has never been greater.

    This book is designed to be your comprehensive guide to text mining, providing a solid foundation in the principles, methodologies, and practical applications of this exciting field. Whether you're a seasoned data scientist, a business analyst, or a student eager to explore the vast potential of textual data, this book offers something for everyone.

    We begin by laying the groundwork with an overview of text mining concepts, including preprocessing techniques, feature extraction methods, and machine learning algorithms tailored for text data. From there, we delve into real-world applications across various domains, such as sentiment analysis, document classification, topic modeling, and information retrieval.

    Throughout this book, you'll find a balance of theoretical insights and hands-on examples, accompanied by practical tips and best practices gleaned from industry experts. Our goal is to equip you with the knowledge and skills needed to tackle text mining challenges with confidence and creativity.

    Whether you're seeking to uncover patterns in social media conversations, extract insights from customer reviews, or automate document categorization tasks, this book will empower you to harness the power of textual data for informed decision-making and discovery.

    We hope you find this book to be a valuable resource on your journey through the fascinating world of text mining. Let's embark on this adventure together and unlock the hidden treasures buried within the vast sea of text.

  • Newest Updates in Physical Science Research Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of physical science research. The contributions by the authors include hamiltonian, trispatial geometry, trispatial LC equations, quantum of action, quantum of induction, adiabatic energy induction, adiabatic process, acceleration, kinetic energy, conservation of energy, least action, entropy, electromagnetic theory, kinetic energy, photon, acceleration, electron-positron pairs, trispatial geometry, microstructured optical fiber, plastic fiber, nonlinear optics, four-wave mixing, closed irreversible cycles, number of internal irreversibility, reference entropy, operational constraints, irreversible energy efficiency, trigeneration, trigeneration – CCHP, finite physical dimensions design, endo-reversible upper bound carnot constraints, nuclei convolves. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of physical science research.

  • Current Approaches in Engineering Research and Technology Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of engineering research and technology. The contributions by the authors include ground granulated blast furnace slag, alccofine, durability, sulphate attack test, calcium silicate hydrates, project planning, sunk cost, national developmental plan, triboelectric nanogenerators, sand-polished kapton, electron transfer mechanism, vertical contact separation mode, sustainable electricity generation, non-renewable and renewable sources, electricity demand, nuclear power, fault detection, bayesian neural network, grid connected PV, multilayer perceptron, photovoltaic system, stochastic technical stability, Lyapunov's stability, vehicle-track, kalker’s linear theory, elastic waves, transverse and longitudinal vibration tests, polymer fibre, bulk moulding compounds. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of engineering research and technology.

  • Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical science. The contributions by the authors include coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, myocardial infarction, myocarditis, cardiac troponins, cardiogenic shock, heart failure, arrhythmia, surgery, malignancy, oncology, metastatic disease, charming surgery, pediatric surgery, cardiomyopathy, hypomethylating agent, myelodysplastic syndrome, substance use disorders, personality disorders, comorbidity, breast cancer, diagnosis, clinic pathological findings, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, T helper immune response, history of medicine, carcinoma, menstrual cycle, estrogen, muscle performance, hyperplastic polyp, sessile serrated adenoma/polyp, sessile serrated lesion, traditional serrated adenoma, cytological dysplasia, cryptal dysplasia, alpha modified minimum essential medium, Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium, Mesenchymal stromal cells, Flow cytometry, infection prevention control, buccal adhesive tablets, buspirone HCl, anti-anxiety, anxiolytic agent, diabetes mellitus, bacterial meningitis, meningoencephalitis, pneumococcal meningitis. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical science.

  • Research Perspectives of Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of microbiology and biotechnology. The contributions by the authors include hepatitis delta virus, small and large delta antigens, nuclear export signal-interacting protein, HuR, urinary tract infections, antimicrobial resistance, extended-spectrum \(\beta\)-lactamases, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, microorganisms in the rhizosphere, aquatic microbes, soil influence, physiochemical properties, nitrogen fixation, Viridans streptococci, gastrointestinal infections, alpha-hemolytic properties, infective endocarditis, foodborne diseases, curcumin, oregano, tea polyphenols, antibacterial effects, antimicrobial resistance, genotypic properties, antimicrobial drug usage, E. coli isolates, indigenous fermented milk products, psychrotrophic molds, product composition, large spoilage incident, multidrug-resistant bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, penicillin-binding proteins, herbal medicine, rumen microbial degradation, whole cottonseed, in vitro experiment of oilseeds, microbial fermentation, intestinal parasites, infectious diseases, epidemiological factors. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of microbiology and biotechnology.

  • Current Approaches in Science and Technology Research Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of science and technology research. The contributions by the authors include postcolonialism, alienation, retributive justice,, colonization, carbohydrates, progenitor cells, oncogenes, tumor-suppressor genes, inter-molecular interactions and cascade regulatory pathways, channel modeling, routing protocols, channel flexibility, wireless body area network, biofilm, microliter plate assay, absorption, macronutrients, digestive tract, enterocytes, freshwater fish conservation, species distribution model, eco morphological study, protected area network, energy consumption, global warming, heating and cooling, machine learning, back-propagation artificial neural network, radial basis neural network, two-tailed student’s t-test, average ranking listening, auditory perception, auditory cognition, audio based learning, podcast, visual communication, visual resource, perceptual psychology, biogenic amines, multi-parametric sensor, food quality, food safety, lane changing behavior, lane utilization, driver behaviour. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of science and technology research.

  • Prosthodontic Rehabilitation for Edentulous Ridges: Clinical Cases at a Glance, Edition 1

    Having the opportunity to publish a book titled "Prosthodontics Rehabilitation for Edentulous Ridges - Clinical Cases at a Glance" for postgraduate dental students is both a privilege and an honor. We've ensured that the descriptions are precise and complemented by supportive illustrations. This book serves as a practical manual for postgraduate students, offering guidance for handling special cases they may encounter. While there are numerous books available for postgraduate students, I've noticed a lack of resources that integrate removable, fixed, implantology, and digital cases. This observation motivated me to create a book that covers all these aspects, providing a comprehensive resource for postgraduate dental students. The Rehabilitation for Edentulous Ridges- Clinical Cases at a Glance consists of 5 chapters. Chapter 1’s focus on the Introduction of prosthodontics with special emphasis on diagnosis and examination of the patient. Furthermore, the inclusion of both conventional and digital denture techniques in Chapter 2 reflects the evolving landscape of prosthodontics, where digital technologies are becoming increasingly integrated into clinical practice. This ensures that students are equipped with knowledge of both traditional and cutting-edge approaches to patient care.

    Chapter 3's focus on fixed prosthetic options, including All-on-4 and All-on-6 implant placement and rehabilitation steps, addresses the growing demand for implant-supported restorations in edentulous patients. By covering these advanced techniques, your book prepares students to meet the complex needs of modern dental patients effectively.

    Chapter 4, which delves into recent advancements such as Basal Implants, Guided surgeries, and Zygomatic Implants, highlights the importance of staying abreast of emerging trends and technologies in prosthodontics. This section not only expands students' knowledge but also encourages them to embrace innovation and lifelong learning in their professional journey.

    Overall, "Rehabilitation for Edentulous Ridges - Clinical Cases at a Glance" promises to be an indispensable resource for postgraduate dental students seeking a comprehensive understanding of prosthodontic rehabilitation.

  • Advanced Aspects of Engineering Research Vol. 15

    This book covers key areas of engineering research. The contributions by the authors include   ultrasonic vibration, cutting mechanics, biodiesel production, glycerol concentration, acidification, purification, optical properties, phonon calculation, reflective index, spectrofluorimetry, molecular interaction, kinetic model, anaerobic digestion, mesophilic, thermophilic condition, hydraulic retention time, biogas production, solar cell, liquid electrolyte, UV-spectrum, natural dye, energy gap, optical properties, transportation problems, urban traffic, travelling salesman problem, mathematical optimization, combinatorial optimization, available software solution, portfolio theory, active investments, mathematical models in portfolio theory, portfolio optimization, assets in mutual funds, decision support in investments, eco-house, differential transformation method, ordinary differential equations, series solution, boundary value problems, mathematical model updating method, finite elements, finite time centered space scheme, turbulence, ultrasonic velocity profiler, water-in-oil emulsion, chemical reactions, infrared spectroscopy, thermo-oxidation, obsolescence, flexibility, adaptability, resilience, pare hydro-electric power project, rock mass classification, rock quality designation, Terzaghi’s rock load theory, rock structure rating, rock mass rating, rock mass quality system. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of engineering research.

  • Medicine and Medical Research: New Perspectives Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical research. The contributions by the authors include aminoff suffering syndrome, mini suffering state examination scale, end-stage dementia, kaplan-meier analysis, human suffering, functional independence measure, Kruskal Wallis non-parametric test, fisher’s exact test, arginine vasopressin, pre-eclamptic circulation, real-time PCR, western blot analysis, AVPR1A and PKC\(\beta\) transcription, pre-eclamptic placental vascular dysfunctions, acute appendicitis, pregnancy, McBurney’s point, laparoscopic appendectomy, liposarcoma, breast sarcoma, soft tissue sarcomas, phyllodes tumor, warfarin, vitamin K antagonists, international normalized ratio, VKORC1 and CYP2C9 genotypes, vitamin K–dependent cofactors, vitamin K epoxide reductase, varicocelectomy, vascular injury, limb ischemia, hydrocele, osteochondral autograft transplantation, medial femoral condyle, osteochondritis dissecans, patellofemoral crepitus, mastalgia, portal circulation, thyroid-stimulating hormone, breast pain, oncocytic carcinoma, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms, pancreatic tumor, mucinous neoplasms, electronic devices, neck muscle endurance, neck flexor endurance test, SPIRIT protocol, health service delivery, health technology, adequacy of expertise, adequacy of finances, nephropathy, percutaneous coronary intervention, activated clotting time, acute kidney injury network, long-term morbidity, vitamin D deficiency, indian adolescents, sunlight in high human density habitations, growth and development, osteoarthritis, platelet-rich plasma, orthokine, symptomatic pain, anti-inflammatory drugs. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of medicine and medical research.

  • New Ideas Concerning Science and Technology Vol. 13

    This book covers key areas of science and technology. The contributions by the authors include double skin façade, thermal performance, airflow modelling, indoor thermal comfort, wind velocity, wind distribution, farmer survey, weather extremes, rural poverty, global change awareness, droughts and floods, n Carnot-like cycles, isentropic ratio, heat exchangers, thermal conductance, Mueller decomposition, scattering polarization, imaging through tissue, X-Ray absorption spectroscopy, carbon nanostructures, plasma- and hot filaments-enhanced catalytic chemical vapor deposition, geometrical model, angular dependence, MICROMAEGAS detector, gas mixture, X-Ray source, avalanche phenomenon, amplified signal, MATLAB programing, information compression, SP Computer Model, cognitive science, thoracic radiograph, measurement, cardiac diameter, thoracic diameter, cardiothoracic ratio, dorsoventral projection, measurement of heart and thoracic vertebrae, vertebral heart size, compression of powders, rotary tablet press, fluid power automatic machine, geophysical minerals, seismic sound velocities, debye temperature, Navier’s equation. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of science and technology.

  • Business, Management and Economics: Research Progress Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of business, management and economics. The contributions by the authors include Tobin’s Q, organizational culture, Indonesia Stock Exchange, workplace diversity, employee commitment, equal opportunity, salad bowl, Thomas and Ely’s perspectives customer satisfaction, Agricultural production, food security, economic activity, financial management, educational supplies, financial efficiency, agricultural trade, halo construct, information asymmetry, transaction costs, moral hazard, market failure, adverse selection, food piracy, Chinese food habits, talent management, organizational performance, accounting equation, capital structure, owners equity, liquidity management, liquidity risk. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of business, management and economics.

  • Challenges and Advances in Chemical Science Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of chemical science. The contributions by the authors include  mesopores, confined systems, bistability, curves of states, adsorption hysteresis, lifetime of metastable states, bistability, pfitzinger reaction, beckmann rearrangement, chitosan, tetraethyl orthosilicate, polyethylene glycol, membrane, adsorption, alkaline catalyst, biodiesel, degumming, water degummed linseed oil, transesterification, fluorine compound, chloride compound, bromine compound, sulfur oxides, japanese industrial standards, flue gas analysis, ion chromatography, power functions complex, stability theory, evolution equations, bifurcation theory, stable focuses, stable cycles, parameter eigenvalues, nanoholes, densely branched morphology, diblock copolymer thin films, crystalline diblock copolymer, X-ray scattering, whey proteins, whey protein concentrates, ultrafiltration, diafiltration, water quality index. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of chemical science.

  • Investigating the Influence of Management Factors on Labour Productivity of Tea Pluckers in the Ratnapura District of Sri Lanka

    The study adopts the quantitative analysis of management factors that can impact the labour productivity of the tea pluckers such as operational management factors, human resource management factors, and financial management factors.

    Therefore understanding the relationships between the management factors and the labour productivity of tea pluckers is more important for tea pluckers, tea smallholders, tea exporters, and policymakers. Further, it will support the promotion of certain management factors by directing scarce resources, especially to tea pluckers. Therefore the relevant authorities and decision-makers in Sri Lanka’s government should make effective policies for tea pluckers, smallholders, investors, tea factories, tea institutions, and societies. As a result, then they can invest and pay high attention to the tea pluckers. Moreover, these results will be relevant for developing countries, since tea pluckers are one of the major drivers of economic development.

  • Current Approaches in Science and Technology Research Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of science and technology research. The contributions by the authors include friction, mechanical systems, mathCad programme, tribological processes, gear cutting, tool life, cylindrical gears, cutting geometry, tendinopathy, tendon wrap, crystal structure, grain structure, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, Freund’s complete adjuvant model, phytochemical constituents, anti-rheumatic activity, bioclimatic chart analysis, passive solar heating, passive cooling, thermal comfort, climate change, passive strategies, Olgyay’s method, bioclimatic charts, climatic zones, comfort zone, environmental remediation, energy storage, marginal community, mud crab culture technique, potential livelihood. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of science and technology research.

  • Environmental Hazards of Chemical Pollution: Assessments and Mitigation

    Welcome to Environmental Hazards of Chemical Pollution: Assessments and Mitigation. The intricate and important subject of chemicals that endanger human health and the environment is explored in depth in this book. As we navigate a world where chemicals are ubiquitous in industry, agriculture, healthcare, and daily life, it is imperative that we comprehend these risks. The effects of dangerous chemicals on the environment and human health have come to light more and more in recent decades. When these substances are handled improperly, there can be serious and far-reaching consequences, ranging from industrial accidents to chronic exposure. The goal of this book is to examine the science underlying these substances, how they behave in the environment, how they affect ecosystems and public health, and how these risks are managed and reduced by regulatory frameworks. In these pages, we will explore national and international regulatory approaches, analyze case studies of noteworthy incidents, and talk about new trends and technologies that will influence chemical management in the future. In addition to providing information, we hope to spark debate and thoughtful thinking about how we can all work together to adopt safer behaviors and use chemicals more sustainably. I invite you to think about the wider ramifications of dangerous chemicals in our environment and our shared responsibility for protecting our planet and its inhabitants as we embark on this journey through the upcoming chapters.

  • Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of pharmaceutical research. The contributions by the authors include cardiotoxicity, cardiac troponin, cardio protective effects, optic canal, duplication, anatomy, skull, tumour removal, decompression, intravenous errors, wrong dose, wrong medication, health care, non-alcoholic agents, insulin resistance, obesity, farnesoid x receptor, oxidative stress, intestinal microbiome, body mass index, waist hip ratio, ligands, binding affinity, combinatorial protocol, Burden matrix, Sanderson electronegativity, binding affinity, Analgesic agents profiling, inflammatory agents, nociception, pain assessment, tonic and visceral, aseptic process simulation, antidepressant activity, forced swim test, tail suspension test, depression, surveillance, prevention, drug resistance, antibiotic cycling. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of pharmaceutical research.

  • Research Advances in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of environment, geography and earth science. The contributions by the authors include agricultural land expansion, coffee production, forest management practices, ecological degradation, climate change, climate risk assessment, technological exposures, irrigation management, cold chain equipment, food safety, sustainable environment, carbon footprint, Köppen method, Feddema method, clothing thermal resistance-operative temperature model, neutral thermal sensation, fish fauna, seasonal-spatial distribution, phylogenetic relationships, taxonomic diversity, red mud-based geopolymer, seepage penetration processes, heavy metal pollutants, granular thermodynamic theory, environmental control and safety, waste management, environmental crisis, waste recycling, zero-waste management strategy, pollutant waste, heavy metals, marine biodiversity, pollution load index, geoaccumulation index, water resource management, climate change. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of environment, geography and earth science.

  • Recent Advances on Natural Product Inspired Design and Synthesis of Medicinally Active Heterocycles

    Natural molecules are natural arsenal against diseases for mankind and living beings. They are not only the source of herbal remedies but also provide a real platform and source of inspiration for synthetic chemists. Since last two decades much effort had been devoted by synthetic chemists towards synthesis and bio evaluation of nature inspired molecules. This book has been written with an objective to provide a comprehensive overview of research in the domain of natural product inspired synthesis of bioactive heterocycles. Contents of present book are fabricated in a compiled and easy manner to give comprehensive and clear understanding of subject to readers. Detailed synthetic route of complex organic molecules is demonstrated in step by step manner. Natural product inspired molecules are categorised according to their biological activity and book is divided in following chapters.

  • Recent Developments in Chemistry and Biochemistry Research Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of chemistry and biochemistry. The contributions by the authors include flaxseed, atomic absorption method, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, physicochemical properties, 2, 6-diamino-9-methyl purine derivatives, cyclin-dependent kinase, antimicrobial activity, monoclonal antibodies, liver complications, immunity-boosting multiherbal formulation, alcoholic liver disease, alkaline phosphatase, liver histology, hydrazones, streptomycin, azomethine, hydrazone Schiff’s base scaffolds, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, hypoglycemic activity, ethnomedicinal applications, anti-diabetic effect, furocoumarin, carbohydrates, monosaccharide derivatives, density functional theory, molecular electrostatic potential, molecular docking, thioimidates, organosulfur compounds, carbimidothioates, tetra n-butylammonium bromide, anti-inflammatory potential, tetravalent peptide, multiple sclerosis, NKG2D, antipyretic activity test, adrenergic stimulation pathways, pain and fever reliever, cytokine-mediated physiological response, interaction energy, natural bond orbital, hydrogen bonding interactions, alcohol-water heterodimer complexes, proton acceptor, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, atomic absorption method, flaxseed, physicochemical properties, . This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of chemistry and biochemistry.

  • New Approaches in Engineering Research Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of engineering research. The contributions by the authors include   seed sowing robot, micro controller, solar powered, zigbee control, speed reduction, traffic calming measures, chicane, location of chicanes, traffic barriers, pedestrian visibility, bulb-outs at intersections, traffic calming measures, horizontal deflection, relative humidity, measurement, gelatin gratings, fabrication, axis turbine wind, vibration, angle, corner of blade, vibrometer, labjack, activity, silver nanoparticles, DPPH radical scavenging activity, free radicals, high pressure die casting, microstructure, metallographic observation, plasma nitriding, contact pressure, road pavement, wheel impression area, political support, public acceptance, brain drain, NIMBY Phenomenon, guarini puzzle, bipartite graph, unified modeling language, hydraulic manifold, vibration, flow distribution, cavitation, CFD analysis. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of engineering research.

  • Current Progress in Arts and Social Studies Research Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of arts and social studies. The contributions by the authors include transnational orientation, spatial landscape, marriage, urban service economies, domestic NGO law, foreign-funded NGOs, dual management system, mineral resource development strategies, community empowerment, gillette syndrome, mining policies, gender diversity, Tobin’s Q, gender gap, organizational performance, social and emotional skills, teacher aspirants, relationship management, co-parenting system, psychological aggression, maternal parenting burnout, behavioural problems, social determinants, social exchange theory, cultural barriers, socioeconomic status, community-based outreach programs, morpho-semantic analysis, oicha toponym, prefix “ma”, zoonymic origin, witchcraft accusations, women's empowerment, brutal executions, community education and awareness campaigns, campus bullying, criminality, social control theory, depression and anxiety, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, family system theory, the theory of peer dominance. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of arts and social studies.

  • Materials for Human Space Flight I: Book of Abstracts

    With continued interest in scientific community and general public in exploration and travel of space to micro and zero gravity to interplanetary voyages, need of materials and processes which make it happen has increased many folds. Though technology exist, which is enabling transportation of equipment and tooling (payload) to low to high earth orbits, there is still a gap in meeting with extreme harsh environments when it comes to transporting human to space. Materials for various part of rockets to their tailoring to optimization to enabling techniques which can make use of established metallurgical unit operations to be applied on existing primary (ores) and secondary (scrap) resources to extract materials which may be used as alloying elements in making of alloys for space exploration and flight exists. However, no actual account exists to make use of these metallurgical principals to extract and make alloys for human space travel and flights. This symposium is aimed to address this gap. A series of studies will be presented which will make use of basic intuition, thermodynamics, kinetics, and rate processes to extract important elements such as rare earths and add them as alloying elements to make superior high temperature alloys which will make actual human space flight possible. From he platform of Eastern Engineering Solutions Inc., we remain.

  • An Overview of Literature, Language and Education Research Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of literature, language and education. The contributions by the authors include technology transfer project, rural economic units, andragogy, consensus-based decision-making model, EdTech Platforms, learning patterns, new age methodology, collaboration in classroom, transforming semiotic representations, mathematical problem solving, cognitive processes, verbal expression skills, artificial intelligence, personalised feedback, automated assessments, digital language, 21st-century skills, cross-cultural skills, Jean piaget’s cognitive theory of development, teacher education curriculum, english for specific purposes, english for occupational purposes, task-based language teaching, bank clerk, digital teaching emergency, students’ quality learning outcomes, online courses and learning, vigilant online learning systems, piano education, grading system, western classical music, competition system, moral and humanistic spirit, knowledge of ADHD, educational intervention, primary school teachers, teaching and behavioral management methods, mathematical problem-solving skills, self-efficacy, quasi-experimental approach, academic performance. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of literature, language and education.

  • Screening of Biosurfactant Producers and Influence of Physicochemical Parameters on Its Production: An Overview

    With more than three decades of experience as a teacher of Microbiology, I realized that the less explored and challenging areas of research draws my attention more quickly than any other aspect of this subject. Thus, was born my passion for research and I decided to undertake this challenge as part of my doctoral program. I was keen on designing experiments to resolve current issues in the field of Microbiology and hence chose the topic on ‘Biosurfactants’. Biosurfactants are very versatile molecules having immense applications in several industrial areas. Moreover, it is the answer to the possibility of sustainable approach of bio-materials for industrial applications. Studying and analyzing the superior properties of biosurfactant as compared to its chemical counterpart is truly overwhelming. The resulting satisfaction through work experience, knowledge, critical analysis and logistic planning enriched the researcher within me.  

    The negative environmental impacts caused by chemical surfactants, their toxicity and non-biodegradability are the reason for the increasing demand for biosurfactants. The contents of this book will walk you through the challenges, most recent updates, screening and optimization methods for production of biosurfactants. Although, every new biosurfactant shares some common properties with the existing ones, there is always a unique side to explore in terms of its properties or characteristics. Learning these differences was what made my experience truly worth all the time and effort that was put in this research. I really hope you have an enriching experience from my literary contribution and it motivates you to do more interesting and challenging research.

  • Innovations in Biological Science Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of biological science. The contributions by the authors include quality of low-fat chicken sausages, livestock products, ground peanut seed, fat replacer, anticancer agent, animal cell culture, protein activity, gossypol, prenatal development, radiography, crown rump length, dorso-ventral projection, crossbreed cattle, laceration surgery, teat injuries, teat lacerations, Cicer arietinum, endophytic fungi, medicinal plant, antifungal activity, biochemical analysis, natural compounds, chromium plating, nickel plating, seed germination, toxicity, liver diseases, ursodeoxycholic acid, canine hepatic dysfunction, therapeutic medicines, ruminant feed, nutrient composition, livestock productivity, fermentation process, ontogenes, morphogenesis, Mendelian protein-coding genes, non-Mendelian genes, parental inheritance, Drosophila melanogaster, short RNA, hepatitis B virus, screening tests, monoclonal and polyclonal AntiHBsAg antibodies, rapid diagnostic immunochromo graphic tests. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of biological science.

  • A Guidebook to Qualitative Inorganic Analysis

    Qualitative Inorganic Analysis is an integral part of the chemistry curriculum starting from the Higher Secondary level to the Post-graduate classes, through the Undergraduate course. It is able to transmit a first-hand account of classical chemistry along with its underlying principles to the students, which no amount of theoretical classes could replace. It prepares them mentally to face chemical challenges in greater life.

    In view of the availability of standard text books on this subject, the scope of this book is restricted to providing guidelines to the students for solving systematically the unknown inorganic samples, within the stipulated time period of a practical examination. Depending on the composition of an unknown sample, the procedure has to be modulated for solving it.  This is possible only when the student possesses intimate knowledge about the associated chemistry of the dry / preliminary tests and the wet test as well as the ability in drawing the nudge in the right direction from the colour and solubility of the samples.

     It will be gratitude on the part of the author, if the students and the teachers find this book useful for practical classes. Feedbacks from the past students enriched this write up.

    The author is grateful to Professor Biswajit Sinha, University of North Bengal, for his suggestions in writing a book on this topic. The kind assistance of Professor Jnan Prakash Naskar, Jadavpur University, is also acknowledged for a critical assessment of the manuscript. Active participation of the staff members in essential for implementing such a task; a few names may be mentioned in this connection, e.g., Late Prasanta Kumar De, Sri Haradhan Nag, Sri Amit Sarkar, Sri Jogen Mandal, Sri Subrata Roy, Sri Samit Majumder and Sri Amardeep Sharma. Necessary infrastructural support has been provided by the University of North Bengal. Typographical assistance has been received from Sri Debaprasad Roy.

    This is an opportunity of the author in offering tributes to his teachers (both at the B.Sc. and M.Sc. levels) for their untiring efforts in imparting hands – on - training to the students on the present topic.

    Dr Rita Roy, formerly a Research Scholar of Indian Association of Cultivation Science, Kolkata, deserves her due for sharing her experience on this topic.

    The author is open to suggestions regarding improvements of this book.

  • Mathematics and Computer Science: Contemporary Developments Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of mathematics and computer science. The contributions by the authors include behavioural characteristics, psychopathic personality traits, neuropsychiatric disorder, logistic regression, information diffusion, online social networks, influential node identification, independent cascade model, solvable differential graded r-modules algorithms, ring theory, k-algebra, r-module homomorphism, unequal gap spacing, reynolds number, aspect ratio, single relaxation time lattice Boltzmann method, vortex shedding suppression, conduction of heat, fourier's heat equation, Euler-Lagrange equation, laplace transform, 2D and 3D heat conduction equation, Duhamel's theorem, calculus of variations, hyperbolic heat conduction equation, graph theory, lobster theorem, geodetic domination, social network analysis, clinical decision support model, breast cancer, re-engineering processes, machine learning, BG algebra, intuitionistic fuzzy set, T-intuitionistic fuzzy. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of mathematics and computer science.

  • Physics of Entropy, Radiation and Gravitating Matter with Examples of General and Analytical Solutions

    The book contains 10 papers devoted to the physical backgrounds and mathematical simulation of entropy growth, radiation peculiarities, and the model of gravitational matter from the standpoint of phenomenological analysis in the framework of classical Galileo - Newton mechanics, Coulomb-Maxwell electrodynamics, and Euler - Boltzmann gas dynamics. The mathematical description is based on a closed system for Galilean-invariant thermodynamically consistent laws of mass, momentum, and energy conservations with corresponding equations of state and boundary conditions. In particular, we have shown the fundamental physics laws by Newton and Coulomb are following from the single relation for force potential.

  • Mathematics and Computer Science: Contemporary Developments Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of mathematics and computer science. The contributions by the authors include nonlinear dynamical systems, artstein’s theorem, lyapunov function, discrete nonlinear systems, hermitian banach algebras, jordan-neumann characterization, sesquilinear functionals, stratified random sampling, mean square errors, neyman allocation scheme, mean square error, harmonic waves propagation, thermoelasticity, nonlinear differential equation, hydrodynamics, green lindsay theory. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of mathematics and computer science.

  • Advanced Processing of Lateritic Ore

    While the processes for the extraction of a metal from ore have been industrially practiced, the process mostly is economically for ore containing high amount of metal or metallurgically is called as high grade ore. A low metal content or low grade ore has not been occupied as metal resources due to economic consideration. However, the ore sometime consists of several valuable metals. Recent deficit of high grade ore have forced the understanding that extraction of several metals from a type of ore beyond the conventional method may be appropriate. Total resource recovery is the correct nomenclature for the longest-standing alternative approach seeking to extract metals from ore with leaving no waste. This work attempts to present extraction of several metals form single type of ore. A series of processes is discussed to give an illustration of total resource recovery leading to zero waste process industry.

    This book is basically intended for mining engineer, metallurgist and researcher as well as post graduate student who are interested in metal extraction field.

  • Pharmaceutical Research - Recent Advances and Trends Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of pharmaceutical research. The contributions by the authors include combination therapy, diabetes miletus, metformin hydrochloride, gliclazide, hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose, statin-drug interactions, cardiovascular disease, adverse drug reactions, anti-inflammatory drugs,  pharmacovigilance, acute and chronic pain, Naranjo’s algorithm, antihyperglycemic effect, chronic hyperglycemia, acute toxicity, alloxan induced hypoglycemia, antidiabetic potential, diabetes mellitus, herbal hypoglycaemic agents, serum metabolites, antioxidants values, plant metabolites, bauhinia purpurea linn, anti-mycobacterial, antimalarial, phytochemical activity, Viscum album, medicinal plant, antioxidants values, herbal medicine, plant-based medicines, food intake inhibitory activity, chemical transmitters, Sida cordifolia linn, nanocarriers, mesoporous silica nanocontainers, sol-gel synthesis, alginate hydrogels, microsponge delivery system, drug delivery, microparticles, eclipta alba, natural anthelmintic drug, pheretima posthuma, anthelmintic activity. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of pharmaceutical research.

  • Encapsulation of Anti-dyslipidemic Drug as a Controlled Release Tablet Using Proanthocyanidin Polymer

    This book covers key areas of drug delivery and importance of Proanthocyanidin polymer in drug formulations. The goal of this book is to give knowledge and information on extended drug delivery systems, and encapsulation technique used to formulate anti dyslipidemic drug as a controlled release tablets using Proanthocyanidin polymer. This book contains various novel materials and methods suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the field of pharmaceutical sciences.

    In addition, extra care has been taken while performing research and preparing manuscript. We express sincere thanks to Karnataka antibiotics and T John college of pharmacy and also publishers whose work has been consulted in publishing this book.

  • Medical Research and Its Applications Vol. 10

    This book covers key areas of medical research and its applications. The contributions by the authors include prolapsed ectopic ureterocele, ureteral duplicity, vulvar swelling, ureterecelectomy, albumin-corrected anion gap, organic acidosis, exogenous acids, parkinson’s disease, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, age-standardized rate, neurodegeneration, splenogonadal fusion, testicular tumors, orchiopexy, bone mineral density, osseointegrated endosseous oral implants, cone beam computed tomography, diabetic control, diabetic and nondiabetic edentulous subjects, advanced glycation end products, artificial intelligence, treatment planning, diagnostic accuracy, oral medicine, learning style, visual-aural-read/write-kinesthetic online inventory tool, lifelong learning, preferred sensory modality preferences, level of hospitalized COVID-19 patients, healthcare facilities, patient satisfaction, personal protective equipment, p53 expression, colorectal cancers, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks, lymphovascular invasion, posterior cranial fossa, foramen magnum, craniovertebral junction, basilar invagination, mediastinal masses, lymphoma, anterior mediastinum, alzheimer’s disease, gambir catechins, amyloid-\(\beta\) concentration, amyloid precursor protein metabolism, autism spectrum disorders, elephant random walks model, pervasive developmental disorders, professor-student interaction process, genome mapping, facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy, post-embryonic expression, nucleotide variants, exome sequencing. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of medical research and its applications.

  • Recent Progress in Plant and Soil Research Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of plant and soil research. The contributions by the authors include ffertilization, nutrition, productivity, evapotranspiration, linear regression, spatial variation, trace metal contaminated soils, hyper accumulator plants, amendments, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, geosystems, landscape map, successional dynamics plant, leaching, weed control, environmental impact,  soil management, cassava production, hemi-parasitic plant, spermatophyte, zinc fertilization, zinc concentration, chickpea varieties, grain content, root uptake modeling, root-soil interface, root-microflora interactions, root system architecture. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of plant and soil research.

  • A Concise Textbook of Pharmacotherapeutics

    With the blessings of God and the unwavering encouragement of my friends and well-wishers, we are glad to announce the release of the first volume of “A Concise Text Book of Pharmacotherapeutics." There is no doubt that pharmacotherapy is the most important component of medical treatment. Every day, several areas of this scientific medical sector see advancements. It is imperative that all health professionals stay up-to-date on these developments in order to provide patients with the best care possible. To achieve that, one must be aware of the essential facts regarding a condition as well as the irrelevant details. We concentrated only on the facts that a health care practitioner needs to commit to memory in order to carry out their daily work while preparing this book.

    However, because of the overwhelming nature of the pharmacotherapy syllabus, students frequently struggle to remember the material from the big textbooks. Keeping this in mind, the current text book is designed in a concise and very abstracted manner to serve the purposes of students and health care providers.

    This book is a useful resource for anyone studying medicine, pharmacy, nursing, general practice, or any other health profession for quick review of information and to refresh memories. I am enthusiastic about “A Concise Text Book of Pharmacotherapeutics” and all it offers to the readers. I wholeheartedly invite constructive criticism from readers and users so that any errors can be corrected in future editions. Please provide your comments about the book to its authors and publisher by writing to [email protected] please indicate the edition, author, and title of the textbook in the subject line of your email.

  • Current Approaches in Science and Technology Research Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of science and technology research. The contributions by the authors include internet of things, healthcare, civil works, security, block chain, transportation, partial differential equation, boundary value problem, differential operator, eigenvalues, right reflection matrix, left reflection matrix, electrophoresis, zone electrophoresis, moving boundary electrophoresis, natural zeolite, petrochemical catalysis, plant disease, deep learning, convolutional neural networks, agriculture, Fourier transform, simulator, refrigerating chamber, numerical analysis, green building, green, energy efficiency, urbanization, deformation, crashworthiness, epoxy glass fibre, automobiles. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of science and technology research.

  • Exploration and Classification of Prime Numbers: A Systematic Approach

    This work removed a poisonous thorn from under the feet of scientists by penetrating the secret causes of prime numbers.

    Prime numbers posed many problems including the identification of a prime number, the class of a prime number, the origin of twin primes, the origin of cousin primes, the origin of sexy primes and their classes, the structure of the chain prime numbers, the determination in the order of the set of prime numbers less than a given integer, the Mersenne number, the Fermat number, these problems were considered by mathematicians as an impenetrable domain or even a myth which has persisted for over 2000 years.

    This work has shed light on the world of prime numbers by providing solutions for each of these eight problems cited above.

    It's all about numbers, it's all about measurement. Said Severinius BOECE (480-524, Rome) “Everything was created by numbers which were the exemplary model in the mind of the creator”, the understanding of prime numbers can facilitate the understanding of other sciences

    Three mathematical conjectures, namely twin primes, cousin primes and sexy primes, have been solved in this book entitled The End of the Prime Number Mystery. We have also shown in the book the class of a prime number, we have shown the structure of the chain of prime numbers, we have established the set of prime numbers less than a given integer, we have given a method of preliminary identification of a prime number, we have shown the origin of Mersenne's number and Fermat's number, we have established two pairs of equations which are objects of mathematical conjecture.

    This work is made available to the world scientific committee so that humanity can fully understand prime numbers.

  • New Approaches in Engineering Research Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of engineering research. The contributions by the authors include   tool force, microstructure, mechanical properties, microwave drying, oil palm trunk, intensity, compression, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, thermal annealing, depth, concentration distribution, radiation dose, activation temperatures, ion implantation, solution-immersion, photoluminescence, innovative construction fills, geocomposite cellular mat, contaminant clay barrier, manufactured aggregates, fit-for-purpose materials, anti-slipping spike, road surface, wheel tracking, adaptive spike, pin, shape memory, temperature-sensitive element, supervised learning, unsupervised learning, machine learning, hybrid diameters silver nanowire network, graphene, pseudo-biological structure, transparent electrode, capillary force welding, organic light-emitting diode, triphenylamine organic dye, density functional theory, photovoltaic property, plasma, monosilane, plasma-forming gas, condensation, liquid film, skull, condenser, granulator, nanopowder, resonant frequency, oscillatory system, amplitude-frequency characteristic, Q factor, nonlinearity, cooling load calculation, quantum mechanics, quantum tunnelling, ultimate stress state, destruction of granular media with adhesion, envelope of Mohr's limit circles, working angles of cutting tools, friction and adhesive phenomena during cutting, cutting forces and power. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of engineering research.

  • Science and Technology - Recent Updates and Future Prospects Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of science and technology. The contributions by the authors include water scarcity, water-energy nexus, brackish water desalination, economic viability, coral reef, hard coral cover, marine protected areas, underwater photo transect, landsat-8 imagery, water quality parameters, apriori algorithm, information technology, association mining capabilities, BOD, office mold potential, coronavirus disease 2019, visual inspection, relative humidity, mobile ad-hoc networks, smart acknowledgment distributed channel access, channel occupied ratio, transmission control protocol, round trip time, anomaly detection, outlier detection, online social networks, automation, uranium measurement technologies, fissile material, miniaturization, microquasars, magnetohydrodynamic approximation, winds-outflows, radiation mechanisms. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of science and technology.

  • Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical science. The contributions by the authors include cardioplegia, ST-elevation myocardial infarction, myocardial conditioning, ischaemia-reperfusion injury, ischaemic preconditioning, pharmacological protection, malignancy, gastric bypass, laparoscopy, endoscopy, restrictive bariatric technique, septic shock, gestational diabetes mellitus, glucose challenge test, oral glucose tolerance test, perinatal morbidity, community engagement, strengthening community response, local authority, developing countries, femoroacetabular impingement, slipped capital femoral epiphysis, renal cell carcinoma, laparoscopic nephrectomy, postoperative survivality, infrared images, stochastic methods, fuzzy controller breast cancer, adaptative immune response, alveolar macrophages, constitutive response, dendritic cells, innate lymphoid cells, innate response, lung defenses, microbiota, colorectal carcinoma: young age sporadic colorectal carcinoma, hereditary non polyposis colorectal carcinoma, MSI: microsatellite instability, neurocysticercosis, tuberculomas, central nervous system. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical science.

  • Approach to Cope with Cancer Treatment: I Will Rise Again- Our Voices Must be Heard

    The current book is specifically designed for cancer patients, prioritizing their needs over the scientific community. Its significance lies in motivating patients during their illness and actively improving their quality of life. Serving as a comprehensive guide, it addresses the reality of cancer patients and explores how their experiences ripple through the lives of those around them family, friends, and medical professionals. The book's methodology combines patient questionnaires and interviews, effectively bridging the gap between academic research and emotional support. By intertwining scientific insights with personal stories, it offers a holistic perspective on cancer management. From multiple feelings in the hard time of diagnosis, and chemotherapy regimens to dietary adjustments and spiritual well-being, the book provides practical advice for enhancing patients' lives. While its primary audience remains patients themselves, it also benefits the scientific community, particularly in oncology and psycho-oncology. Through intimate narratives and interviews, it offers emotional support and enriches the existing literature on cancer care. This holistic approach enhances healthcare professionals' understanding of patients' experiences, promoting compassionate and personalized care. Additionally, the book serves as an educational tool, unravelling the emotional and practical dynamics of the cancer journey. The book is thoughtfully organized, and the book caters to both scholarly readers and the general public interested in oncological challenges and patient care.

  • Insight into Drugs Induce Liver Toxicity

    Forensic DNA Center For Research and Training at Al-Nahrain University in Baghdad, Iraq encourages teaching staff to contribute in enhancement of human health and approach to solve various obstacles in management of various diseases and prescribing the best drugs and searching for new therapy with less adverse side effects, in addition undertaking investigations concerning environmental pollution, besides recognition of crime and identifying the offender by composing and publishing articles and books in various fields in well-known world publishing houses.

    This book is talking about some drug groups that cause liver toxicity. The book chose antibacterial, antifungal, glucocorticoids, and oral contraceptive drugs. The book talks about mechanism of action, metabolism, drug interactions, side effects, and hepatoxicity as adverse side effect for each of these medications.

    This book is of noticeable importance for undergraduate and even postgraduate students interested in medical fields. This book even can be directed to common educated individuals seeking knowledge in medical fields and to those taking therapy that can impact their liver functions.

  • Business, Management and Economics - Research Progress Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of business, management and economics. The contributions by the authors include capital structure, financial performance, return on asset, sustainable development, portfolio theory, game theory, stochastic and linear programming, returns and risks, payoff matrix, psychoeconomics, financial burden, behavioral sciences, multidisciplinary approach, elective care, employment spillover effects, pooled mean group model, information and communication technologies, capital-intensive sectors, price conformity, luxury clothing, conspicuous brands, market price, enterprise management systems, financial plan, goal achieving machine, management theories, theory X and theory Y, reinforcement theory, authoritarian financial planning, customer complaint behaviour, customer loyalty, service recovery, order accuracy, women entrepreneurs, entrepreneurial activities, lack of financial freedom, sustainable rural economic growth. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of business, management and economics.

  • Challenges in Disease and Health Research Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of disease and health research. The contributions by the authors include Sheehans syndrome, post-partum haemorrhage, hypopituitarism, metabolic disorders, primary hyperoxaluria, AGXT gene, genetic mutations, Alzheimer’s disease, L-carnitine, carnitine supplementation, mediterranean diet, MIND diet, executive function, cognitive flexibilities, autism spectrum disorder, neurobiological development, cognitive habilitation, assessment, and treatment options, acute necrotizing pancreatitis, alloxan, hyperglycaemia, follicular lymphoma, Waldenström macroglobulinemia, T cell lymphoma, small lymphocytic lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, simulation based education, bronchoscopy, virtual reality, low fidelity simulation, high fidelity simulation, food contamination of radioactive materials, asbestos/arsenic pollution, north American plate, radioactive materials treatment, rebuild of damaged towns, COVID-19 disease, environmental factors, meteorological factors, dew point, altitudinal factors, global analysis, recurrence of cancer, categories of disease, adjustment, psychosocial factors, gamma ray spectroscopy. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of disease and health research.

  • Cooling Climate Chaos: A Proposal to Cool the Planet within Twenty Years

    To address the climate crisis, now demonstrably causing havoc with life-killing extreme events, we must not only transform our economic and societal models towards sustainability and resilience, we must have a more holistic understanding on what climate really is.

    Based on James Lovelock’s Gaia Theory, a world view also prevalent in many Indigenous cosmologies, we operate from the hypothesis that the Earth functions as a living organism, with ecosystems maintaining conditions for life to thrive. This book presents an in-depth look at the workings of the atmosphere in the context of a living planet and particularly the role of water, based on an earlier book written by Peter Bunyard, called Climate Chaos, published in Spanish in 2010.

    The biosphere interacts with soils, water and the atmosphere to stabilize weather and cool the planet. The destruction of ecosystems disrupts these metabolisms and cycles, significantly contributing to global warming. Restoring the damaged biosphere and transitioning to sustainable food production and land use can stabilize weather and cool the planet remarkably quickly. The approach in Cooling Climate Chaos offers effective climate solutions. We have seen climate restoration in smaller areas. If implemented wholesale by people everywhere based on local context, it will resolve most of the climate crises worst effects within decades, while benefitting society in many ways, including the protection of biodiversity, and correcting the gross inequity of our times. It may even open the possibility of slowing down partly inevitable sea-level rise.

    While reducing emissions is crucial, repairing nature and water cycles is every bit as important. Regenerative agriculture, agroforestry, and ecosystem restoration can help achieve a balanced climate, mitigate extreme weather, and sequester CO2. By leveraging these strategies, we can restore the planet’s natural balance, creating a sustainable and abundant future.

    Onward to a livable planet!

  • New Platelet Concentrates Useful in Tissue Repair. Platelet-rich Fibrin with Leukocytes (L-PRF), Advanced Platelet-Rich Fibrin (A-PRF) and Injectable Platelet-rich Fibrin (i-PRF)

    It was with great pleasure that I accepted the invitation of Dr. Crisci to present this text on the regenerative therapy of lesions, inviting someone to present their own work is always one of the greatest acts of affection and esteem and therefore first of all my thanks for this honor.

    It is a text that is characterized by ease of reading, completeness of presentation of the techniques of diagnosis and treatment, order in the different expositions. It is clear from the index that this is a text written by a clinician for clinicians.

    There is no lack of evaluation of the latest techniques, research bases and new therapeutic concepts, some of which are still in the experimental phase all aimed at practical application, with the purpose of helping patients.

    Initiatives such as this are among the best answers that, those working in the field, can provide.

    A vademecum available for doctors, specialists and not; are given the tools to operate at 360 degrees on the problematic centered around the so-called regenerative therapy. The reading is simple but rich in content, combining well the high science with clinical practice, leads to simplify the work of those who approach as a new operator and offers insights to those who are familiar with the practice of this art.

    Sharing one's knowledge, one's experience is, I believe, one of the most meritorious of the most meritorious works that can be done. I wish the readers a fruitful reading and the Authors the right and deserved success.

  • Open Reading Frame 4 - A Multifunctional Protein of Hepatitis E Virus

    Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the most frequent cause of acute viral hepatitis across the globe. Historically, the lack of an efficient in vitro culture system has significantly hampered hepatitis E virus (HEV) research. Although the disease was discovered in the late 1980s, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying the higher pregnancy mortality associated with HEV remain elusive. This gap in understanding is largely due to the challenges in virus propagation in cell cultures and the inability of genotype 3 HEV to replicate pregnancy-related mortality in pig models. Recently, there have been advancements with various research groups successfully propagating different HEV strains in non-hepatic cell lines. However, an efficient and highly propagating in vitro system for genotype 1 strains in human liver cells remains unavailable. The absence of an efficient culture system and a genotype 1 animal pregnancy model is a significant barrier to understanding the mechanisms behind HEV-induced pregnancy mortality.

    The HEV genome is a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA molecule of about 15 kb and systematized into three open reading frames (ORFs), encoding both structural and non-structural proteins. HEV GT 1 is known to encode an additional open reading frame (ORF4), which is expressed only during endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. ORF4 is believed to play a crucial functional role in the viral replication cycle of GT 1 of HEV. In this book, we will focus on ORF4 protein genes, reviewing recent research progresses, that provide insights into HEV biology.

    This book provides insights into significant aspects of less understood ORF4 including, physicochemical parameters, amino acid distribution patterns, genetic variability features, mutational and entropy analyses, disorder phenomenon and structural analyses. The first chapter gives a brief introduction to HEV genome, structural and non-structural proteins and replication. The second and third chapters deal with physicochemical aspects and amino acid composition patterns of ORF4. Next chapter describes the mutation, entropy and selection pressure analyses in ORF4. The final chapter deals with the potential of ORF4 structure and its role as a potential drug molecule, thus can accelerate the process of drug designing strategies against HEV.

    The present book aims to provide fundamental knowledge and noteworthy information on various bioinformatics predictor tools to students, researchers, academicians, and the general public. Although significant progress has been made in understanding the role of ORF4 in the biology of the Hepatitis E virus, further studies are needed worldwide to deepen this understanding.

    I would like to thank my Husband and Family. Without their support, this book would not have been published. Finally, I sincerely hope this book provides useful information and will be of benefit to all its readers.

  • New Approaches in Engineering Research Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of engineering research. The contributions by the authors include  collision damage, stiffened cylinder, design formulation, residual ultimate strength formulation, combined loads, sustainable design, integrated life cycle design, space structures, automated guided vehicle, fuzzy controller, shortest path, Dijkstra’s algorithm, stainless steel, chromium free filler material, TIG welding, hexavalent chromium fumes Response Surface Methodology, mechanical properties, Taguchi analysis, potentiodynamic polarization technique, controlled source electromagnetic, porosity mapping, carbonate exploration, differential measurements, air pollutants, pollutant absorber, coconut shell charcoal, condensation system, emission minimization, environmental impact, noise level, society, different ratings of WTGs, wind turbine generators, impact of noise, curing, spring constant, response analysis, magnetorheological elastomer, solar radiation, finite element, concrete damage plasticity, masonry wall, hybrid system, solar usage, Habanero chili, feasibility analysis, drying process, corrosion fatigue, corrosion, duplex stainless steel, geothermal environment, surface influence, axial load, rotation bending load. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of engineering research.

  • Current Research Progress in Physical Science Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of physical science. The contributions by the authors include hyperbolic functions, Pad method, auxiliary functions,asymptotic series, Petz map, gravitational coupling, Newton coupling, Einstein–Hilbert action, Papadodimas-Raju proposal, global isometry, modular theory, quantum information theory, gas discharge, weak discontinuity, area model, gas flow, vacuum valve, solar wind, interplanetary fast shocks, planetary magnetospheres, coronal holes, Earth’s magnetic field, Jupiter’s polar atmosphere, dynamic pressure, planetary rotation, Auroral Radio Emissions, spherical symmetry, Madden-Julian Oscillation, orographic rain, diurnal cycle, convective system, diamond detectors, Micromegas, photon timing resolution, Infrared spectroscopic techniques, surface morphology, porosity, antibacterial activity, bio-compatibility, environmental sustainability, water absorption, bessel function, asymptotic expansion, high accuracy, MPQA method. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of physical science.

  • Current Approaches in Science and Technology Research Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of science and technology research. The contributions by the authors include  clayey materials, foundation failure, seismic refraction method, vertical electrical sounding, forage, morphology of flowers, pollinators, coronary disease prediction, heart disease, genetic algorithm, support vector machine, machine learning classification, metal casting, vacuum, mathematical model, layer-by-layer cooling, behavioral change interventions, new digital technologies, energy-saving related behaviors,  sludge, characterization, goethite, quartz, clays, particle size distribution, flocculation properties, zeta potential, polygraph, psychological set, emotional salience, behavior modification, veracity, arousal, fear of detection of deception, macroscopic scale, Higgs field, gravitational field, wave propagation, astronomical body, Einstein’s mass theorem, sine wave, latent state, internet of things, home automation, global system for mobile communication, PIC microcontroller, liquid crystal display, infrared, sensor, air conditioner, contact interface, sensitivity. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of science and technology research.

  • Disease and Health Research - New Insights Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of disease and health research. The contributions by the authors include post covid vaccination parsonage-turner syndrome, COVID-19, neuralgic amyotrophy, sars-cov-2 vaccines, acquired peripheral neuropathy, neuropathic pain, sezary syndrome, mycosis fungoides, flowcytometry, skin lesions, EORTC staging, immunophenotypic pattern, lymphomas, acute myeloid leukaemia, malignant clonal disorder, cytogenetics, febrile illnesses, malaria fever, pregnancy, treatment seeking behavior, malaria vaccine, antibodies, infectious illness, serum creatinine, hypertension, adolescent, organ function, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, hematological indice, pediatric population; physical fitness, cardiorespiratory, muscular endurance, cardiovascular fitness, fitness gram test, skeletal health, acute pancreatitis, glasgow score index, BISAP scoring, mortality, virus hemorrhagic fevers, community-acquired pneumonia, acute zoonotic diseases, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, obesity, non-communicable diseases, body mass index, malnutrition, free maternal health care policy, national health insurance scheme, antenatal care, early neonatal mortality, antibiotic therapy, respiratory atopy, allergic diseases, T helper immune response, attention deficit hyperactive disorder, behavioral strategies, cognitive behavioral therapy, pharmacologic treatment, preventive methods against mosquito bite, awareness, vector-borne diseases, disease control program. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of disease and health.

  • What We Know about the Universe that is Not So: Undoing a Century of Errors

    Knowledge has a hierarchical structure. Advanced concepts are developed from and built upon earlier foundational concepts.  If the assumptions underlying the initial concepts turn out to be faulty, then the entire structure collapses. This is what has just happened to currently accepted astrophysics.

    Big Bang theory is the foundational hypothesis upon which mainstream cosmology is based.  In the pages of this book, you will find the conclusive argument why this mythical event is both a logical and scientific impossibility.  Because big bang theory fails, so do all the other theories that have been built upon it – including expansion theory, dark matter theory, dark energy theory, and Higgs boson theory.

    General Relativity is the currently accepted theory for gravity.  In the pages of this book, you will find conclusive mathematical and scientific explanations for Einstein’s errors in formulating his imaginative geometric theory of gravity.  General Relativity fails – and with it so do the gravitational lensing and gravitational wave theories that depend on it.

    Scientific truth is never a matter of consensus.  Sometimes the majority is wrong, as it was during the era when the prevailing belief was that the Sun revolves around the Earth – and as it has been yet again, for the last 100 years.

  • Science and Technology - Recent Updates and Future Prospects Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of science and technology. The contributions by the authors include time series prediction, ARIMA model, fourier transformation, wireless communication systems, bow-tie antenna, terahertz bands, cognitive antenna, beam steering, madden-julian oscillation orographic blocking effect, diurnal heating, convective system, multilayered composite, sandwich plate, transverse stress, continuity condition, arbitrary boundary condition, layer wise theory, least-squares formulation, young’s modulus, heterogeneity, genetic algorithm, visual basic programing language, data security, background-oriented schlieren, synthetic jet actuator, piezoelectric element, mass flow rate, ai-based machines, forest fighter, tensor flow, sensors, internet of things, cloud database, radial displacements, multi-layered disc, poisson's ratio, functionally graded materials. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of science and technology.

  • Econometrics Panel Data and Dea in Practice Guide

    Being an intermediate textbook, its structured to meet basic econometrics needs for economics, finance, and other social sciences masters’ and graduate students. It also caters adequately for all researchers’ levels, especially those interested in using data envelopment analysis and Stata software.

    This textbook necessity came out of my extensive interest in economics and finance, after at least three years lecturing experience in derivatives pricing, international economics, and international finance at Jaramogi Oginga Odinga, Catholic, and KCA universities in Kenya. The statistical and mathematical applications used are moderately low to understand the models by non-statistical research experts. The author clarifies local examples of research areas, and specific examples are coming out of these researches exhibited. Some efficiency measurement samples are the result of past research done at my PhD level at Moi University. A more recent study carried out in audit services efficiency measurement at the Office of the Auditor General-Kenya has been effectively discussed in a whole chapter in this book.

    It is also worth noting that the contemporary issues to performance-precisely the Kenyan county governments’ efficiency measurement-are part of this text. A full chapter discusses this vital area. The data envelopment analysis comes in handy in demonstrating every county’s efficiency based on data collected from the Controller of Budget quarterly report of the recent past. Counties efficiency measurement is an area that requires further research to identify the star counties in term of efficiency. However, a chapter dedicated to this area forms a sound basis for future researchers’ efficiency measurements. And this will enhance the replacement if not enriching commonly used indicators of ranking counties by using a balanced scorecard measurement tool. As illustrated in this book, DEA’s excellent service involves identifying outputs, inputs, outcomes, and impacts subjected to iterations to determine the star performer. A full chapter in this area is also of paramount importance to government officers who may wish to measure one department’s efficiency compared to the others. DEA as a multi-variate tool is fit for measuring several government entities such as schools, universities and even hospitals.

    I am grateful to contributions from my former PhD degree supervisors: Professor Philip Nyangweso and Dr Lucy Rono for their courteous assistance, which resulted in the inclusion of many PhD research findings into this book.

    The technical support from Dr Elijah Museve of Jaramongi Oginga Odinga University, Dr Wilfred

    Kakucha of Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture & Technology, and Dr John Messo of Masinde Muliro University were very crucial. The support from the Auditor General Kenya officers’ office and the students of KCA University were generous. I also thank Dr Naomi Koskei of Moi University for outstanding editorial work and technical assistance that made the Tropics Perspective Book a success.

  • Medical Research and Its Applications Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of medical research and its applications. The contributions by the authors include antibiotic impregnated nailing, polytrauma, lysholm’s scale, compression plate damages, tube caecostomy, advanced appendicitis, alternative surgical treatment, appendix mass, psychiatric illnesses, gut microbiome, gut-brain-axis, serotonin reuptake inhibitors, adjuvant therapy, diabetes mellitus, periodontal disease, insulin resistance, neurodegenerative diseases, antidiabetic potential, methanolic leaf extracts, piper umbellatum, persea americana, aldose reductase, simulation technology, educational technique, stress situations, advanced cardiac life support, frasier’s syndrome, end-stage renal failure, mutations in the WT1 gene, developmental abnormalities, left ventricular tachycardia, aneurysm, best available therapy, pruritis symptom impact scale, stigma, discrimination, hiv counselling, adherence to medication, ambulation, rheumatoid arthritis, total knee arthroplasty, bone remodeling, Kellgren-laurence classification, active range of motion, health status, health seeking behaviour, allopathic medicine, gastrointestinal diseases, proximal row carpectomy, acellular dermal matrix, visual analog scale pain scores, proximal capitate arthritis, poha consumption and glycemic control, indequate insulin availability, GRBS method of assessment, combination therapy, febrile seizures, fibral infection related epelisy syndrome, pediatric patients, intracranial infection. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of medical research and its applications.

  • Recent Research Advances in Biology Vol. 10

    This book covers key areas of biological research. The contributions by the authors include B-regulatory cells, adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stromal cells, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, Interleukin-10, lipopolysaccharide E. coli (LPS-EK), flow cytometry, immune-phenotyping, trilateral retinoblastoma, magnetic resonance imaging, genetic screening, developmental biology, rice leaffolder, agent-based models, generalized additive model, history matching, particle swarm optimization algorithm, influenza A virus infection, immune system simulation, apoptosis, necrosis, regulated necrosis, kidney injury, tubular injury, glomerular injury, mitochondria, ischemia-reperfusion injury, proteasome, preservation, organs, inflammation, transplantation, microalgae, antitumoral protein, biomedicine, applied proteomics, industrial application, heterochromatin, molecular cytogenetic mapping, ribosomal genes, translocation factors. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of biological research.

  • Current Research Progress in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of agricultural sciences. The contributions by the authors include pearl millet, disease resistance, open pollinated variety, cross hybrids, socioeconomic factors, poverty alleviation, small-scale farming, sustainability, income distribution, price elasticity, nutritional health, animal protein consumption, labour costs, mixed cropping systems, maize-cowpea, Nigeria's economic development, oilseed crop, canola genotypes, fertility level, micro-nutrient application, biochar, carbon sequestration, deterioration of soil health, pyrolysis, farm gate milk price, information communication technology, price heterogeneity, Mill’s ratio, physicochemical analysis, hazelnut, physical properties, discriminant function analysis, NPK composition, soybean yields, rainfall distribution, agricultural production, pest succession, pest management strategy, bud borer damage intensity, yield loss, Intercropping farming, conventional crop monocultures, row proportions of turmeric-Pigeon pea, benefit-cost ratio. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of agricultural sciences.

  • Recent Research Advances in Biology Vol. 11

    This book covers key areas of biological research. The contributions by the authors include low level laser therapy, Bone histomorphometry, Bone repair, cell-free DNA, necrotic - Piwi interacting, folliculogenesis and biomarkers, treeline ecotone, climate change, snow cover phenology, repeat photography, age structure, hyperglycemia, anti-diabetic, phytochemicals, anti-diabetic potentiality, blood glucose levels analysis, decolorization, enhancers, inhibitors, photoproduction, cancer cell lines, fatty acids, adipocytes, intestinal barrier, fatty acid derivatives, osteopontin, exosome, macrophages,  blood cells count, histopathological changes, sacral hiatus, caudal anaesthesia, anatomical features. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of biological research.

  • Educational Research Methodology in Practice: “Unravelling the Secrets of Successful Research Project”

    In the tireless and unwavering pursuit of limitless knowledge and the insatiably relentless determination to constantly innovate and push the boundaries of what is possible, we embark on a truly awe-inspiring, mind-boggling, and transformative expedition. An insatiable curiosity fuels this noble quest to unravel and translate the puzzling, profound, and intricately intertwined secrets at the heart of exceptionally successful research. An indispensable and unparalleled guide lies within the boundless pages of this book, a true masterpiece of immeasurable magnitude.

     It serves as a guiding light, illuminating the immensely vast, complex, and intricately intertwined landscape of educational research methodology in practice. With its profound wisdom, unequalled expertise, and resplendent knowledge, this remarkable literary treasure offers a profound and resounding voice. It provides insights that go far beyond what one could ever imagine, as well as invaluable guidance that sets the stage for excellence, brilliance, and distinctiveness in the ever-evolving realm of research and innovation.

    By embracing the wealth of information and revolutionary concepts presented within these awe-inspiring pages, individuals from all walks of life have the extraordinary opportunity to exponentially expand their intellectual horizons. This expansion of understanding paves the way for challenging norms, pushing the boundaries of conventional thinking, and embracing the limitless opportunities that lie at the forefront of groundbreaking research and groundbreaking innovation.

    The meticulous, comprehensive, and exhaustive exploration of every facet of educational research methodology grants readers an unparalleled window into the intricate processes that underpin true success and remarkable achievements in the vast realm of academic inquiry. The journey of discovery and transformation that awaits within requires unwavering determination, unyielding resilience, and undying dedication. It is an odyssey that has the power to shape and forever change the landscape of one's scholarly pursuits, propelling them into the realm of greatness and unparalleled distinction.

    They brighten the path, guiding all who dare to tread upon it toward incomparable brilliance, exceptional distinction, and a legacy that will resist the tests of time. Let the pages of this remarkable piece be your guiding star, leading you on a fascinating journey like no other. It is a journey that promises to irrevocably revolutionise the way you approach research, embrace innovation, and ultimately leave an indelible and everlasting mark on the illustrious world of academia.

  • Issues and Development in Health Research Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of health research. The contributions by the authors include  menopause, mammogram, mammographic density, mammograms, breast cancer, micrometrics properties, Bulk density, tapped density, compressibility index, Carr’s index, Hauser’s ratio, sieve analysis, drug excipient interactions, fineness, flow ability and compressibility, placental weight, birth weight, placental-birth weight ratio, electric field, extra-virgin oil, trans fatty acids, undifferentiated carcinoma of nasopharyngeal type, Epstein-Barr virus, IgG/IgA antibody titers, plasma, DNA load, remission, sound pressure levels, reverberation time, speech transmission index, occupational health, voice disorders, hearing disorders, relative frequency, modified Delphi technique, public health nurses, quality care metric development, health promotion, maternal health, metabolic syndrome, infertility, reproductive health. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of health research.

  • Threat Assessments from Fires and Torrential Floods: Case Study Experience

    Climate change and extreme phenomena in the world have been causing countless human and material losses, which has led different governments to take action measures to mitigate and prevent possible natural disasters, from the generation of infrastructure to the creation of laws or guidelines that help normalize processes and action schemes. Specifically in Colombia, and as a consequence of the girl phenomenon that occurred in 2010 and 2011, the risk management law was created by the Congress of the Republic in 2012. This law has obliged the different construction sectors to accommodate new demands and depending on the different types of risks, depending on the type of work to be executed or designed. In this book, a guide is presented to determine the threats from fires and torrential floods that may occur in a typical Colombian basin, taking as reference a specific case study.

  • Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical science. The contributions by the authors include gastrointestinal stromal tumors, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, platelet-derived growth factor receptor \(\alpha\), metallic foreign body, nasopharynx, infant, ENT clinics, plain radiographs, anesthesia, therapeutic activity, vaccine, probiotics, commensal yeasts, lympho-proliferative disease, choroidal fissure cyst, arachnoid nature, non-contrast computerized tomography, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, adenocarcinoma, cancer, radiology, atherectomy, endovascular revascularization, morbidity, hormones, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, biologics bacteriotherapeutics classes, heterogeneous, macromolecules microbiome, upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, GI bleeding, mortality, endoscopic procedures, fragmented germ cells, germ cell`s replant, reduced endogenous estrogen, global contraception, abortion, contraception reversal, pathogenesis, contraception reversal, smashed fragmentation of germ cells, reduced endogenous estrogen, germ cells replant effect, autologous germ cells replant, adenomyoma, small intestine, biliary obstruction, intussusception, hamartoma, heterotopic pancreas, protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist II, hepatocellular carcinoma, heptode carcinoma, pancreatic cystic neoplasm, diagnostic intervention, fine-needle biopsy. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical sciences.

  • Current Approaches in Engineering Research and Technology Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of engineering research and technology. The contributions by the authors include reserve tonnage, mining rate, artificial neural network, net present value, ore-body characteristics, total mineral resource, Tatman’s model, run-of-mine, rom-tonnage, logistic regression, gold mines, artificial neural network, ROC curve, Taguchi Method, automotive applications, interior plastic components, signal-to-noise ratio, injection molding process, physical and mechanical properties, oxycarbonitride, nitriding zone, chemical-thermal treatment, diffusion zone, channel angular pressing, annular billet, severe plastic deformation, yield strength, food scarcity, population growth, ARDL model, bounds co-integration test, static deformation, composite arches, Navier’s technique, food container design, reduced shrinkage and warpage, cam modelling, design of experiments, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, rural electrification, conventional rural electrification, transmission line behavior, power system simulation, capacitor coupled substations, multigravity separation, quadratic programming, box-Behnken model, banded hematite quartzite. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of engineering research and technology.

  • Current Advances in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of chemistry and biochemistry research. The contributions by the authors include solvent-free mobile phase, animal-derived foods, organic solvent, antibiotic, amphiphilic structure, antigenic phenolic glycolipids, methylation, chemical preservatives, storage time, microbial population, Gold (III) biosorption, biomineralization, microorganism, schiff base, magnetic properties, surface morphology, anticancer activity, Titania-silica composite coating, titanium implants, biomimetic growth, electrochemical characterization, Amazonian biodiversity, forest products, natural resources, harmful organic solvent, hormone, profiles, commercial products, model-dependent, model-independent, multimeric protein complexes, hydrophobic cluster, protein-protein interaction, Parkinson’s disease, apoptosis, hydrogels, Skin wound healing, biodegradability. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of chemistry and biochemistry research.

  • Electrical Component Measurement, Mechanics and Optics in Fundamental Physics - Laboratory Manual Volume-II

    This fundamental lab manual is designed to provide detailed practical experience for the educational level that is especially triggered by advanced physics implemented in electronics and electricity engineering. The users will become familiar with common lab equipment electrical components such as digital multimeters, function generators, power supplies, and oscilloscopes. Circuits used in the coming text include series, parallel, combination, the charging and discharging of a capacitor, the RC, RL, and RLC circuits, and so on. Most of the experiments have been designed to utilize PSPICE to simulate DC and AC circuits.

    Special thanks to my wife, Mrs. Etaferahu Mulatu, and all families who were caregivers for our daughters, Meklit Anteneh, Bezawit Anteneh, and my son, Eyuas Anteneh. I would also like to acknowledge the support and encouragement of Miss Konjit Anbese. Finally, I want to thank my dear God; he supports my life.

  • New Approaches in Engineering Research Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of engineering research. The contributions by the authors include  DIY safety kit, making COVID-19 safety kit at home, Biodegradable bag for making safety kit, horizontal irregularity, earthquake load, storey shear, maximum storey displacement, storey drift, Lab VIEW platform, mathematical model, defect density, absorber layer thickness, carrier concentration, tin based perovskite solar cell, parallel sigma delta converters, resolution, sampling, interleaving techniques, D-S modulators, quantizing errors, green building practices, energy efficiency, sustainable construction, electron beam welding, equipment for EBW, numerical control, layered Double Hydroxide, intercalation, UV-visible spectroscopy, drug release kinetics, phosphate buffer solution, compliant mechanism, topology optimisation, clutch fork, optimal design, reverse engineering, discharge efficiency, sampling interval, sensor node, wireless sensor networks, aerobic brickbat grit sand, NMR-relaxation, structure-dynamical parameters, nuclear magnetic resonance relaxometry, signal and transmits, RF transmission, wifi environment, wireless charging, radio frequency,  ransomware, spyware. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of engineering research.

  • Shedding Light on the Open Reading Frame 4 of Hepatitis E Virus - Molecular, Evolutionary & Genetic Aspects

    Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the most frequent cause of acute viral hepatitis across the globe. HEV has now been recognized as an emerging zoonotic pathogen due to its unknown host range and pathogenicity and thus has become a health burden globally that requires serious attention. According to recent evaluation, about 939 million people across the world have experienced HEV infection in their past and approximately 15-110 million individuals are still experiencing HEV infections. An effective antiviral drug against HEV is still not available, except the only vaccine Hecolin which is available in China. Owing to the discovery of new strains in addition to host range expansion, the consequences of HEV on health remain doubtful, which further complicates the progress of risk and transmission of HEV infection.

    HEV of the family Hepeviridae is a small RNA virus. The genome is a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA molecule of about15 kb and systematized into three open reading frames (ORFs) coding for both structural and non-structural proteins. The additional reading frame ORF4 is exclusive to GT1 (Genotype 1) of HEV. Though the role of ORF4 has been demonstrated in the replication of HEV GT1, however, different aspects of ORF4 are still not comprehended. In this book, we will focus on ORF4, reviewing recent research progresses, that provide insights into HEV biology.

    This book contains significant aspects on the less understood HEV ORF4 which include molecular, evolutionary and genetic characteristics. The first chapter gives a brief introduction to the HEV ORF4 region. Next few chapters describe the codon usage, intrinsic disorder and phosphorylation phenomena in HEV ORF4. The last chapter describes the adaptive features of ORF4 of HEV. Altogether this book discusses the potential of ORF4 as a potential drug molecule, thus can accelerate the process of drug designing strategies against HEV.

    The present book will also deliver basic knowledge and noteworthy information on different bioinformatics predictor tools to the students, researchers, academicians and common citizens alike. Although immense progress has been made in understanding the role of ORF4 in Hepatitis E virus biology, further studies are required globally.

    I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my husband and family members. Without their support, this book would not have been published. Finally, I sincerely hope this book provides useful information and will be of benefit to all its readers.

  • Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 10

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical science. The contributions by the authors include pharmacogenomics, oral cancer, periodontal diseases, genomic variations, targeted drug therapy,  Secondary malignancies, clinical research, diagnosis, radiotherapy, molecular diagnostics, next generation sequencing, illumina, oral diseases, oral cancer, photodynamic therapy, photosensitizer, aminolevulinic acid, reactive oxygen species, oral medicine, endodontics, periodontology, implantology, preventive dentistry, subdural haemorrhage, intracranial haemorrhage, convulsions in pregnancy, eclampsia, FNAC thyroid, Bethesda system NIFTP, ancillary techniques, cell block, immunocyto-chemistry, AI–adult intussusception, pathological lead point, laser fluorescence, enamel maturation, pyogenic granuloma, prevalence, tumor, granuloma pyogenicum, pregnancy tumor, bioterrorism, biological weapon, anthrosa, goat antibody anti anthrosa, blood transfusion, complications, mortality, ABH substances, secretors, non-secretors, phenylthiocarbamide, tuberculosis, GABAergic neurotransmission, schizophrenia, circuit dynamics, mental disorders, pyogenic granuloma, growing lesion, hemorrhagic polypoid mass, salivary gland tumor, fine needle aspiration cytology, pancreatic pseudocyst, multidisciplinary approach, cysto-digestive anastomosis, external drainage, capillary haemangioma, tumour, sinuses, endoscopy, inverted papilloma, angiofibroma, botryomycosis, cavernous haemangioma. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical science.

  • Scientific Research: An Introduction

    This text is intended for use by students and researchers to fill the lack of accessible literature for the formation of scientific research knowledge indispensable for higher education professionals.

    The literature includes many texts from particular research areas. However, almost all of them do not address or only make references to the conceptual and methodological bases that underlie scientific research. This failure is a source of inefficiency in much research.

    The initiative to publish this book arose from the need to fill this gap, providing the student and researcher with material that is quite sparse and difficult to access in the literature. Furthermore, many concepts are presented in the literature vaguely and imprecisely, which does not allow the establishment of a coherent and complete conceptual and methodological basis.

    This book is a compilation of three articles published by the author.

    Chapters 1 and 2 introduce the scientific method and scientific research. Chapter 3 provides a description of scientific research methods and their strategic uses in the sequential phases of each cycle of the application of the scientific method for generating scientific knowledge: synthesis, analysis, and synthesis. These three chapters are considered a necessary introduction to the proper understanding of scientific research and the distinct implications of its methods for the scientific knowledge generated. The relevant literature considered in the development of this book is listed in the Bibliography.

    The author thanks the students and researchers whose contributions inspired the creation of this text and were fundamental to better adapting it to its purposes.

  • New Approaches in Engineering Research Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of engineering research. The contributions by the authors include  heating capacity, solar water heater, paraffin, thermal storage material, metal-oxide-semiconductor, vector matrix multiplication, neuromorphic computing, real-time data, hardness, steel surface wear, plastics with glass fibers, dry friction linear contact, contact temperature, plastic material transfer, steel surface wear, plastics with glass fibers, linear contact, dry friction hardness of steel, railroad crossing, hazard information, operation center, soil-structure interaction in piles and piers, ultimate lateral resistance of piles and piers, lateral bearing capacity of piles and piers, piles subjected to lateral loads, analysis of piles, micro/nano fabrication, grazing incident, scanning electron microscopy, brent Kung adder, full adders, power consumptions, weight restriction, medium term axle load, short term axle load, energy conservation, daylight, thermal environment, thermal comfort, ventilation. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of engineering research.

  • Chemical and Materials Sciences - Developments and Innovations Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of chemical and materials sciences. The contributions by the authors include numerical modelling, finite element models, titanium alloy, additive manufacturing, scale deposition, incrustation, gravimetric test, carbonate scale dissolution test, clay containing smectite and carbonate, hydro mechanical properties, swelling pressure, mechanical properties, coconut shell powder, composite materials, Kevlar fibers, low density poly ethylene, nano-biocatalysts, heavy metals, sustainability, artificial biological treatment processes, waste water, synthesis of 5-cyanoindole, antidepressant drug, vilazodone hydrochloride, ring closer reaction, aluminum corrosion, environmental conservation, DNA damage, Cyclea peltata, optical transmission, Al film in the low absorption, aluminum-doped zinc oxide, transparent conductive coatings. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of chemical and materials sciences.

  • Current Topics on Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of mathematics and computer science. The contributions by the authors include intuitionistic fuzzy set, selecting specialization, distributed generation, inverter, photovoltaic, microgrid, one-dimensional parabolic partial differential equation, Spectral method, Legendre Pseudo–spectral method, Legendre Differentiation matrices, Kronecker product, computer science, programming, academic performance, examination, technology, institutional quality, Foreign direct investment, authentication code, multiuser authentication, message, verifiable secret sharing, key management, threshold., Scarification, Quantum mechanics, Kadison-Singer problem, state funded enterprises, economic performance, fuzzy sets, fuzzy entropy, Atanassov’s intuitionistic fuzzy entropy, exponential entropy, email and websites phishing, phishing detection techniques, user awareness on email phishing, distributed network, hybrid distributed systems, dynamic provisioning, metric space, contractive conditions, asymptotic formula, beta operators, linear positive operators, simultaneous approximation, unbounded functions, uniform continuity, adaptive collaborative system, dynamic environment, participant, problem solving, information sharing, ontology, knowledge-based systems, collaborative, adaptive and modelling, semantic web. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of mathematics and computer science.

  • Current Progress in Arts and Social Studies Research Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of arts and social studies. The contributions by the authors include ethnography, qualitative research, cultural anthropology, genealogical method, auto-ethnography, indigenous history, ethiopianization, solomonic dynasty, political and philosophical agenda, artificial intelligence, embodiment of beauty, aesthetics, renaissance, platonic love, outdoor education, grounded theory, migratory background, intrinsic characteristics, human energy, commodification of human labor, commercialisation, econometric model, modular distance learning model, pandemic, self-learning modules, printed learning materials, empowerment of tribes, international trade, social security programme, HIV normalisation, antiretroviral therapy, mother-to-child- transmission, squire’s notion, child labor, diamond mining sector, local legislation, international law. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of arts and social studies.

  • Modern Perspectives in Language, Literature and Education Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of language, literature and education. The contributions by the authors include dysfunctionality, family education, examination system, interactive metadiscourse, markers, learning English, linguistic, vocabulary, intelligent guessing, reading ability, computational thinking, decision making, E learning cycle, edutainment, edtech, psychology, consciousness, behavioural psychology, existentialism, post-feminism, society, human brain, anatomy, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, behavioural intentions, gender and race, slavery, performativity, identity, satirical fiction, abolition, marginality, multiracial identity, biracial identity, obesity, malnutrition, aspect hypothesis, narrative writing, teacher training, career guidance, school administration, teaching profession, public frequency, career prospect, painting, commodification, mass media, economic rationalism, motor coordination, manual response, alpine skiing, mental training. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of language, literature and education.

  • Innovations in Biological Science Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of biological science. The contributions by the authors include cassava mosaic begomovirus, white fly transmission, phylogenetic analysis, tomato yellow spot virus, impact of radiation, carcinoembryonic antigen, radiation workers, tumor marker, carbohydrate antigen 125, kerosene, aliphatic hydrocarbons, gastrointestinal disorders, metabolic transformation, pathological stimuli, mitochondrial volume, ischemia-reperfusion events, inner mitochondrial membrane, vegetation diversity, Stachytarpheta jamaicensis, floristic composition, Bacillus thuringiensis, vegetative insecticidal proteins, chitinolytic activity, aedes aegypti larvae, coastal coral community, pathogenic bacteria, planulae recruitment, coral diseases, Terminalia chebula retz, spermatogenesis, sperm parameters, herbal products. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of biological science.

  • Cyber Diplomacy

    Information technology has gained widespread influence in other disciplines in the past decades. Today, it is no longer possible to name a scientific trend in which information technology has no role, in many ways the concepts of various sciences are linked to the terms of information technology. For example, learning and e-learning, commerce and e-commerce, diplomacy and cyber diplomacy, and so on are field of information technology to other disciplines. In the last two decades, governments policy-making has also been mixed with technology. The government's efforts to access e-government facilities are seen in this regard. Ministry of foreign affairs of State will not be free of the widespread influence of information technology. Therefore, part of the ministry's activities are related to information technology. The school of International Relations, which has been around for more than a hundred years, is one of the most important diplomatic training centers in the country, focusing on the task of training efficient forces for its respective ministries. Therefore, the Dean of the institute proposed to develop a textbook on Cyber Diplomacy in order to keep students updated.

    This book seeks to draw on the experiences of three years of mission as Ambassador of the Islamic Republic of Iran to Budapest, Hungary, which was in the most difficult of sanctions. Therefore, in no book or pamphlet one can find such experiences. Given that no textbook has been written in the subject so far, it is certainly possible that suggestions and criticisms can have an impact on scholarly richness and be considered in later prints. Finally, I would like to thank Dr. Mohebbi for his scientific work, Mr. Kurdi from Qom University, Mr. Farid from Amol University, and Ms. Tayebi from Azad University for producing this book.

  • Medical Research and Its Applications Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of medical research and its applications. The contributions by the authors include peri-implant stress, crestal bone, dental implant growth, von mises stress, freeway space, resting vertical dimension, temporomandibular joint, vertical dimension of occlusion, tensegrity model, industrial wind turbines, mechano-transduction, endothelial cytoskeleton, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, evening circadian preference, depression, sleep related breathing disorder, fibrinolysis misconceptions, tissue plasminogen activator, intracranial hemorrhage, streptokinase, urokinase plasminogen activator, tissue plasminogen activator, ocular abnormalities, near point of convergence, developmental eye movement, asthenopia, patent foramen ovale, eustachian valve, chiari network, inferior vena cava, echocardiography, asepsis, structured teaching programme, nursing curriculum, total knee arthroplasty, rheumatoid arthritis, standardized mortality ratio, osteoarthritis, dengue infection, dengue hemorrhagic fever, community perception, oral and maxillofacial hemangioma, vascular tumor, sclerotherapy, laser treatment, lymphangiomas, cystic hygroma, endotracheal intubation. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of medical research and its applications.

  • Current Approaches in Science and Technology Research Vol. 10

    This book covers key areas of science and technology research. The contributions by the authors include safety factor, Mechanical design, defects and inclusions, Fatigue resistance, Light alloys, Finite Element Method-FEM, Replica method, innovation, reliability, randomness, technology transfer, scientific method, Historical evolution, Numerical models, Experimental procedures, structural health monitoring, crankshaft, High power, Theoretical-Numerical-Experimental procedures, metamorphism, mimicry, hominescence, laws of distribution, discrete and continuous, formulas, tests and check-up, anodic etching, silicon, optical properties, effective media approximation, Boson and Fermion, Higgs Boson theory, conductive coating, electronics, healthcare, opacity, crystallization, aqueous leaf extract, phytochemical analysis, elemental analysis, implementation of Lokpal and Administrative lawlessness, asymptomatic bacteriuria, clinical profile, pregnancy, urine culture, synovial hip joint, hydrodynamic lubrication, gait cycle, electroflocking, short synthetic pile, surface density of the pile coating, control of the conductivity and separability of the pile in production conditions, migratory beekeeper, forage sites, sequential output production, ecosystem pollination services, modelling profitability and sustainability, economic development, agriculture, agricultural output, public expenditure on agriculture, vector autoregression. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of science and technology research.

  • Recent Updates in Disease and Health Research Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of disease and health research. The contributions by the authors include glycogen hepatopathy, metabolic syndrome, atherogenic dyslipidemia, glycemic control, parkinson’s disease, exercise compliance, tai chi water resistance fitness ball, delphi method, pranava mantra, pregnancy, parasympathetic nervous system, electroencephalogram, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, mycophenolate mofetil, chemoimmunotherapy, fluorescence in situ hybridization, health education, schizophrenic patients, health education, sleep disorders, exposure to sunlight, cancer, acute burning, ultraviolet radiation, glymphatic system, central nervous system, neurodegenerative diseases, manipulative treatment, medical writing, healthcare communication, patient engagement, interdisciplinary collaboration, gene therapy, colour vision deficiencies, genetic mechanisms, adeno-associated viruses, acute cholecystitis, C reactive protein, percutaneous cholecystostomy, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, sago effluent, growth hormone levels, clarias batrachus, digital transformation, information and communication technologies, hospital information systems, healthcare professionals, mucormycosis, fungal infections; rhino-cerebral disease, sars-CoV-2 infection, pulmonary aspergillus, corticosteroid therapy. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of disease and health research.

  • Stepwise Approach to Fertility Treatments (Patient Education Initiative)

    This book is a part of our “PATIENT EDUCATION INITIATIVE” which reflects the actual journey of couples who are going through Fertility Treatments. Infertility is a stressful phase of their life. This is our collective effort to support them medically and emotionally. In this book we have tried to explain various fertility treatment procedures   in a simple and understandable manner.

  • An Overview of Literature, Language and Education Research Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of literature, language and education. The contributions by the authors include neoliberal transformation, intellectual development, quality of higher education, neoliberal policies, telugu literature, bibliometric methodologies, gender-wise submissions, social media engagements, behavior patterns, academic expression, professional learning communities, linguistic abilities, deaf education, Reigeluth’s instructional design theory, special education, human behavior, Abraham maslow's hierarchy, parent involvement in early education, school student relation, national development plan, skills imbalances, vocational education and training, student outcomes survey, ePortfolios, project-based learning, student portfolios, academic achievement, self-esteem, classroom management style, narcissistic personality disorder, social metacognition, teacher beliefs, induction programme, post-truth age, misconceptions, Communicative Language Teaching, language teaching strategies. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of literature, language and education.

  • Functional Effects of Fermented Soybean Food in China

    This book deals with the functional effects of Shuidouchi (short time fermentation of soybean) and Chinese fermented soybean milk. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the area of probiotics. This book was funded by Chongqing University Innovation Research Group Project (CXQTP20033), China.

  • Effect of Dietary Fat Supplementation on Rumen Ecology in Goats

    Altering the rumen ecosystem by supplementing fats for improving animal production is a significant scientific challenge that could bring remarkable effects on animal health, farm management, and animal productivity. In this book, we delve into the intricate world of ruminant nutrition, focusing on the utilization of virgin coconut oil (VCO) and lard at different levels to enhance the performance of goats.

    The genesis of this research stems from a deep-seated commitment to addressing the needs of farmers and small ruminant producers. Having grown up in the countryside and witnessed firsthand the challenges faced by farmers, the motivation to seek innovative solutions to enhance their economic well-being became paramount. It is within this context that the journey into exploring the impact of dietary fats on goat production began.

    As the author, I am inspired by my upbringing and experiences, particularly my academic journey in the field of ruminant nutrition. Having previously explored large ruminant nutrition during my master's studies, with a focus on Carabaos, I felt compelled to extend my research to small ruminants. This book represents the culmination of that endeavor, aimed at contributing to the advancement of knowledge in the field of ruminant nutrition, particularly in the context of goat production.

    I am deeply grateful to the Filipino people and its administering agencies, including DOST/PCAARRD/SEI, through the Accelerated Science & Technology Human Resource Development Program, for providing the necessary support and resources that made this research possible. Their investment in scientific research and development has paved the way for meaningful contributions to agricultural innovation and sustainable development.

    The research presented in this book is focused on the utilization of virgin coconut oil and lard at different levels on goat-fed concentrate, with a comprehensive examination of various parameters including voluntary feed intake, rumen conditions, apparent nutrient digestibility, and sequential degradation of Napier grass and concentrates. It is my hope that the findings presented herein will not only contribute to the scientific discourse but also offer practical insights and solutions to enhance goat production and support the livelihoods of farmers.

    I extend my heartfelt gratitude to all those who have contributed to this endeavor, directly or indirectly. It is my sincere hope that this book will serve as a valuable resource for researchers, academicians, practitioners, and policymakers alike, as we collectively strive towards sustainable and resilient agricultural systems.

  • Cutting-edge Research in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 12

    This book covers key areas of agricultural sciences. The contributions by the authors include  pre & post emergence herbicide nutrient uptake, yield of chickpea, energy intensity, energy wastage, energy savings, essential oil, leaves, extract phytochemicals, rapeseed uptake and yield, market participation, 2 stage-heckman model, genetic diversity, germplasm, microsatellites, grain weight of maize, variety, organic manure and fertilizer, live poultry, market actors, marketing system, agricultural technology, adoption study, rice farming, agricultural productivity, agricultural policies, auto correlation function, autoregressive integrated moving average, partial autocorrelation function, kharif rice, production forecasting. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of agricultural sciences.

  • Recent Developments in Chemistry and Biochemistry Research Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of chemistry and biochemistry. The contributions by the authors include antibacterial activity, minimum inhibitory concentration, hydrogen peroxide scavenging capacity, Eugenia caryophyllata, neurotransmitter receptors, trace amine-associated receptors, metabotropic glutamate receptors, psychiatric disorders, density functional theory, molecular electrostatic potential, molecular docking, mulliken charge distribution, genotoxic impurities, efavirenz, limit of quantitation, RP-HPLC technique, photocatalytic efficiency, phyto-mediated copper oxide nanoparticles, green synthesis, photocatalysis, tribo-electrochemistry, mechanochemistry, tribochemistry, electrochemical mechanical polishing, transition state theory, collision model, nanocellulose fibers, lignocellulosic biomass, solid-waste management,       microfibrillated cellulose, solid polymer electrolyte films, ionic conductivity, PVA-ZnS nanocomposite films, DC conductivity, Wagner's DC polarization technique, open circuit voltage, meglumine, arylacetates, antithrombotic agents, anticancer activities, mono galactosyl diacylglycerol, carotenoids. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of chemistry and biochemistry.

  • Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 16

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical science. The contributions by the authors include tongue carcinoma, Buccal, mucosa carcinoma, T1-T2 lesions, infantil hemangioma, involution, corticosteroids, laser, propranolol, stanford type dissection, neurological outcome, surgical techniques,  epilepsy, pregnancy, anti-epileptic Drugs, congenital malformation, appendicitis, clinical score, Fournier’s gangrene, surgical debridement, reconstruction, split skin grafting, colour doppler ultrasound, varicose veins, ultrasonography, personal hygiene, pediatric appendicitis, blood borne diseases, parasites, vector control, public health, depression, psychocutaneous illness, co-morbidity, fetal kidney length, gestational age, basic hygiene, coronavirus, bubonic plague, pandemics, respiratory droplets, social distancing, rheumatic valvulopathy, mitral valve, valvular surgery, valve replacement, heart failure, electrode, fractional order, discretization, repolarization, continued fraction expansion, ambulatory proctological surgery, anorectal surgeries. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical science.

  • Unlocking the Complexity of the Mind: A Comprehensive Statistical Exploration of Network Neuroscience and Brain Connectivity

    The human brain, with its intricate web of neurons and connections, has long captivated the curiosity of scientists and thinkers alike. Its complexity rivals that of the universe itself, with billions of neurons forming trillions of connections, orchestrating the symphony of our thoughts, emotions, and actions. In our quest to understand the mysteries of the mind, we turn to the burgeoning field of network neuroscience, where the tools of mathematics, computer science, and biology converge to unveil the secrets of brain connectivity.

    In this comprehensive guide, we embark on a journey through the labyrinth of the brain, delving deep into the intricate networks that underlie its structure and function. Through the lens of network neuroscience, we explore how individual neurons, arranged in vast networks, communicate and collaborate to give rise to cognition, perception, and behavior. From the microscopic scale of synaptic connections to the macroscopic architecture of brain regions, we unravel the complexities of neural networks with precision and clarity.

    Our exploration begins with an overview of the foundational principles of network science and complex systems theory. We delve into concepts such as modularity, and centrality, which provide a framework for understanding the organization and dynamics of brain networks. Through illustrative examples and analogies, we demystify the language of network science, making it accessible to both novice and seasoned researchers alike.

    Moving forward, we turn our attention to the methods and techniques used to map and analyze brain connectivity. We explore state-of-the-art imaging technologies, from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), which enable us to peer into the intricate wiring of the brain. We discuss the challenges and opportunities in data acquisition and analysis, highlighting the interdisciplinary nature of network neuroscience and the importance of collaboration across fields.

    With a solid foundation in place, we embark on a guided tour of the brain, traversing its vast networks and uncovering the principles that govern its organization and function. We explore the rich tapestry of structural connectivity, tracing the pathways that link distant brain regions and form the backbone of information processing. We examine the dynamic interplay of functional connectivity, revealing the patterns of synchrony and coherence that underlie cognitive processes such as attention, memory, and decision-making.

    But our journey does not end there. Armed with a deep understanding of brain networks, we turn our gaze to the practical applications of network neuroscience. We explore how insights from network analysis are shaping the fields of neuroimaging, brain-computer interfaces, and personalized medicine, revolutionizing our approach to diagnosing and treating neurological and psychiatric disorders. We discuss the ethical implications of manipulating brain networks, raising important questions about privacy, consent, and equity in the age of neurotechnology.

    In writing this book, our aim is not only to provide a comprehensive overview of network neuroscience but also to inspire curiosity, foster collaboration, and ignite a passion for understanding the most complex organ in the known universe—the human brain. We invite readers to embark on this journey with us, to delve into the depths of the mind, and to uncover the secrets that lie within the labyrinth of neural networks. In the exploration of the brain, we embark on a journey of self-discovery, unlocking the mysteries of consciousness and unraveling the enigma of what it means to be human.

  • Psychosocial Considerations on Victims of Traumatic Events: An Approach from the Experience in an Assistance Unit of the Peruvian Public Department

    Along my experience as a psychologist and a victimologist I witnessed many merciless situations people cope. In fact, children, women and everyone offended by crime, build different and deep means for recovering. Thus, when the victims and interveners encounter each other a special healing relation appears, where I could see how much patients can teach us about overcoming and going ahead in life path.

    This book reflects a part of these conceptions in the frame of the victimology experience I acquired mainly in the Victims Assistance Unit at the Public Ministry of Peru, and my studies in the Belgium Institute of Victimology in Brussels. Certainly, this is my final studies dissertation I present here for those interested in victims’ recovery. So, ways of individual and social overcoming are discovered and interpreted as the result of field interventions, highlighting strength, wisdom and human warmth in the new reality that victims navigate after having been touched by a criminal act.

    This work is also an homage to victims, and an expression of gratitude to The Kingdom of Belgium for making it happens.   

  • Value Engineering Concept in Construction Project Management

    First of all, praise and thanks to God. Because of God’s help, the author completed the book entitled Value Engineering Concept in Construction Project Management.

    Value Engineering is a systematic and structured concept for analyzing functions to obtain the best value in construction projects. This concept focuses on function and value in achieving the optimum balance of time, cost, and quality.

    The phases of Value Engineering discussed in the book consist of the information phase, creative phase, analysis phase, evaluation phase, development phase, and recommendation phase.

    This concept has not been optimally applied to construction projects in Indonesia. Therefore, the author contributes by using this book to provide information to academics and practitioners on construction management in Indonesia. There are numerous benefits to applying this concept to construction projects.

    The author realizes that there are still shortages in this book-drafting process. However, the author believes that this book will be beneficial to readers. Finally, thank you for the support many parties have given. The criticism and suggestions are significant to accomplishing the book in the future.

  • Research Aspects in Agriculture and Veterinary Science Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of agriculture and veterinary science. The contributions by the authors include coagulation, Kaolin layer, enzymatic extract, transmission, productivity, clinical manifestation, treatment, transition period, hormones, foodborne disease, Public health, milking behavior, milk letdown, parity, milking time and lactation, hematology, biochemistry, animals studies, nicotine, physiology, toxic effects, antimicrobial activity, inflammation, infection, phagocytic activity, microbiome, soil properties, suitability assessment, anesthetic depth, inhalation, breeding, minimum alveolar concentration, genetic improvement, investment model, reproductive traits, artificial insemination, livestock, estrous cycles. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of agriculture and veterinary science.

  • Pharmaceutical Research - Recent Advances and Trends Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of pharmaceutical research. The contributions by the authors include nanoemulgel, skin aging, protein modification, DNA damage response, necrotic cell death, antiepileptic drugs, epilepsy, clinical diagnosis, interictal epileptiform discharge, duloxetine, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, new drug application, active pharmaceutical ingredient, organic and inorganic impurities, permitted daily exposure, solvatomorphism, toxic impurities, antidiabetic drugs, emulsomes, lipophilic drug delivery, cationic surfactants, generic drugs, proton pump inhibitors, good laboratory practices, chemistry manufacturing, and controls, post-surgical septicemia, free triiodothyronine, thyroid dysfunction, SOFA score, prodrug approach, parkinson's disease therapy, dopamine, blood-brain barrier, prodrug l-dopa, drug discovery, cancer genomics, post-translational modifications, biomarkers, high-throughput screening, urolithiasis, anti-urolithiatic activity, renal stones, Impurity Profiling, Antidiabetic Drugs, Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient, Oral Antidiabetic Drugs. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the field of pharmaceutical research.

  • Natural Medicinal Flora of Three Gorges of Yangtze River (Part of Rare and Endangered Medicinal Plants)

    This book dealt with natural medicinal flora of three Gorges of Yangtze River. This book aims to provide information on natural medicinal plants in the Three Gorges region of China for researchers and practitioners of traditional Chinese medicine. Based on the systematic field investigation of natural medicinal plants in the Three Gorges area of China, this book comprehensively combs the natural environment, vegetation composition, distribution law and floristic composition of natural medicines. The book has a good guiding role for professionals, and can be used as a corresponding reference book.

  • Research Advances in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of environment, geography and earth science. The contributions by the authors include sacred groves, ethno medicine, in situ conservation, biodiversity protection, waste segregation and disposal, eco-citizenship, solid waste disposal, waste management practices, moisture absorption-desorption cycles, wood-plastic composites, high-density polyethylene, pinewood waste, animal feed technology innovation, potential of livestock, land use technology, waste utilization technology, treated urban wastewater, emerging contaminants, endocrine disrupting compounds, pesticides, vertical electrical sounding, electrical resistivity tomography, curve matching, geo electric models, infectious medical waste, sorting stage, radioactive substances, biological waste, complex network simulation, forest system pattern changes, ecology vulnerability, forest corridor. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of environment, geography and earth science.

  • Modern Perspectives in Economics, Business and Management Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of economics, business and management. The contributions by the authors include cultural and creative industries, micro-enterprise, new consumer groups, profitable core trade, marketing guidelines, biotechnology, strategic flexibility, globalization, market policy, knowledge integration management, semiophysics, sustainable development, ENSEC paradigm, globalization, sustainable circular economy, apokataphatic model, transdisciplinary knowledge space, energetic MEN paradigm, resilience, viability, single currency, enhancing currency stability, reduction of financial risks, reduction of transaction cost, reduction of exchange rate fluctuation, enhancing price transparency and reduction of inflation, result-based management, theory of change, United Nation Organization, logical framework, project cycle management, risks and assumptions, environment, executive agency involvement, congressional regulations for exporting, classification of commodities, consumer values, consumer perceptions, social responsibility, social, emotional and functional value, COVID-19 and policy responses, unemployment, inflation. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of economics, business and management.

  • Aspergillus, Aspergillosis and Aflatoxicosis in Human

    The current book, titled "Aspergillus, Aspergillosis, and Aflatoxicosis in Humans," provides a comprehensive exploration of the physiology and pathology of the Aspergillus fungus. Within its pages, you'll find in-depth research centered on the physiological and biochemical aspects of dormant and germinating A. niger conidia. These findings are presented in a manner that facilitates a clear understanding of the intricate dynamics of fungal spore physiology.

    This book does not claim to be flawless but rather offers a wealth of valuable information, possibly containing some lesser-known insights into the physiology and pathology of Aspergillus. We anticipate that this book will prove invaluable to researchers, scientists, educators, and scholars who are engaged in similar fields of study.

    The initial exploration of existing literature at the outset of this investigation revealed a notable absence of effective tools for the systematic collection of a substantial volume of spores suitable for use in physiological experiments. Consequently, a vacuum collector with enhancements designed for the specific purpose of gathering fungal spores was described as a necessary prerequisite. Once this challenge had been successfully addressed, the subsequent imperative was to identify a suitable foundation for the quantification of physiological data. In this regard, three key parameters - spore number, spore fresh weight, and spore dry weight - were scrutinized to assess their respective merits as bases for quantification. Among these, the measurement of spore dry weight emerged as the most dependable and accurate foundation.

    Notably, a significant number of studies on fungal spore physiology have traditionally relied upon spores collected through a washing procedure. However, it is crucial to recognize that this washing process introduces an additional level of hydration to the spores, resulting in a multitude of associated changes. Consequently, a comparative analysis was conducted between data derived from washed and unwashed spores. The results underscored the heightened reliability of data obtained from the latter category of spores, particularly with regard to the chemical composition of ungerminated A. niger spores.

    It is essential to acknowledge that the water content of fungal spores exhibits considerable variability, and the added hydration incurred during the collection via a washing procedure further complicates the precise determination of physiological data. The variability in experimental procedures employed by different researchers exacerbates the challenge of comparing data across studies. Moreover, it is noteworthy that only a limited set of chemical constituents within A. niger spores have been comprehensively examined in any single study.

    The book also delves into the intricate pathology of Aspergillus, a fungus capable of inducing severe illnesses such as aspergillosis and aflatoxicosis in humans. Aspergillosis, in particular, emerges as a life-threatening bronchopulmonary infection, predominantly initiated by the Aspergillus fumigatus strain. If left untreated, an aspergillosis patient faces the dire risk of developing invasive aspergillosis, which can lead to conditions like lung fibrosis, significant hemoptysis, multiple organ failures, central nervous system and brain infections, endocarditis, and ultimately, mortality. 

    Similarly, certain species of Aspergillus are capable of producing perilous and lethal aflatoxins, commonly found in agricultural and dairy products. The diseases stemming from the ingestion of aflatoxins are collectively referred to as aflatoxicosis. Notably, Aflatoxin B stands out as a potent carcinogen, classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) in Group "A," signifying its capacity to induce cancer in humans. We anticipate that this book will prove invaluable to researchers, academicians, professors, scientists, physicians, and medical professionals dedicated to the field.

  • Current Approaches in Science and Technology Research Vol. 11

    This book covers key areas of science and technology research. The contributions by the authors include HIV-seropositive females, follicular, menstrual period, zinc level test, drinking water supply, prolonged water supply interruption, restoring water supply, waterborne diseases, ultrasonic test, cost analysis, sustainable growth, path difference, passive location, self-organizing system, azimuth measurement, phonograph, phonautograph, first innovation, sound recording, communication technology, optical heterodyne detection, Michelson interferometer, Mach-Zehnder interferometer, laser cooling of solids, laser heating of solids, fluorescence lifetime sensing, fluorescence ratio method, optical sensing of temperature, Interferometric measurement of crystal growth, measurement of solution concentration changes, solar photo voltaic, battery, dual input single output zero voltage switching, oscillations, permanent magnet synchronous motor, tropical bamboo species, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, bamboo anatomy, bamboo treatment, energy production, electrical energy, kinetic theory of ideal gas, thermodynamics, statistical mechanics, quantum mechanics, Riemann hypothesis, mixed strategies, Bayesian equilibrium. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of science and technology research.

  • Research Perspectives of Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of microbiology and biotechnology. The contributions by the authors include symbiotic fungus, abiotic stress, plant growth, cumulative pan evaporation, wound healing, matrix metalloproteinases, antibacterial properties, therapeutic effects, lateral flow antigen assays, cycle threshold, find-trace-test-isolate and support, CRISPER technology, salivary biomarkers, early childhood caries, salivary alpha amylase, Paget's disease, achromobacteris, antimicrobial sensitivity pattern, porines, bacteriophages, receptor binding proteins, head-to-tail connector, bacteriophage protein isolation, biofilm matrix, bacteriophage genome, cancer, angiogenesis, chorioallantoic membrane, vascular endothelial growth factor, CAM model assay, cellulose, enzymatic hydrolysis, Baeyer-Villiger oxidations, pseudomonas putida ATCC 17453, peracid-catalysed chemical reaction, spike protein variants, human antibodies, SARS CoV-2, antiviral activity, cyanobacteria, biofertilizers, bioremediation, biotechnology. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of microbiology and biotechnology.

  • Rooftop Solar Photo Voltaic Power Plant Design and Analysis with PVSyst Software

    Solar Roof top Photo Voltaic systems are being progressively used worldwide now a days to install solar panels to generate electricity. The design of power plant for generation of power through solar roof tops to install a 33KWp on-grid solar power system with Latitude 16.54°N and Longitude 81.50°E for the grid connected PV system is installed at an area of 345 sq. m and the PV modules are tilted at an angle of 18° on the top of a 3 staired building. This book covers the design and analysis of the Performance of a 33KWp On-grid photovoltaic system which is monitored between Jan-2019 to Dec-2019. This also analyses the Design and performance of 39.2KW grid connected PV system at another block of the building. The 39.2KW grid connected system is proposed to be installed on the top of a 5 staired building. The grid connected PV system with a capacity of 39.2KWp is proposed based on the user’s needs which consists of 3 case studies for the same plant with different orientations namely fixed tilt, seasonal tilt and N-S axis tracking. Based on these case studies the optimal tilt angle for the installation of PV plant can be selected. The different case studies of field orientations are analysed with different parameters. The Performance of these On-grid photovoltaic systems during an entire year are analysed and the performance parameters are measured. The data is analysed by using the simulation software PVsyst. The different parameters including efficiencies of module, inverter, array’s initial yield, final array yield, and the performance ratio of PV system are analysed for the 3 case studies.

  • Teacher Education in Indian and Global Perspectives

    Welcome to the ever-evolving world of Information and Communication Technology (ICT). This book is crafted with the aim of providing a comprehensive foundation of ICT in Teacher Education, catering to learners at various levels of expertise.

    In examining teacher education in both Indian and global contexts, it's crucial to explore the evolving roles, challenges, and innovations within the field. This preface will delve into the historical roots of teacher education in India, juxtaposed with contemporary global trends, to illuminate the diverse pedagogical approaches, policy frameworks, and emerging best practices. By navigating the intersections of culture, technology, and educational theory, we can gain a nuanced understanding of how teacher education continues to shape the future of learning, both locally and internationally.

    ICT encompasses a vast array of concepts, tools, and applications that empower individuals and organizations to communicate, collaborate, innovate, and thrive in the digital age.

    understanding teacher education from both Indian and global perspectives is essential for promoting effective teaching practices, informing policy development, fostering cultural competence, and driving educational innovation. By embracing a holistic approach that integrates local wisdom with global insights, we can empower educators to meet the evolving needs of learners and cultivate a brighter future for education worldwide.

    Through clear explanations, practical examples, and hands-on exercises, we aim to demystify complex concepts and equip you with the knowledge and skills needed to excel in today's digital landscape.

    Furthermore, this book acknowledges the dynamic nature of technology. With each passing day, new innovations emerge, trends evolve, and paradigms shift. Therefore, while this book provides a solid foundation, it also encourages a mindset of continuous learning and adaptation to stay abreast of the latest developments in ICT.

    As you embark on this educational journey, remember that ICT is not just about mastering tools and techniques; it's about harnessing the power of technology to solve problems, foster creativity, and drive positive change in the world. We hope this book serves as a valuable resource in your quest to unlock the boundless potential of Information and Communication Technology.

  • Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 15

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical science. The contributions by the authors include beta decay, electron capture, enzyme, M*-enzyme, M-enzyme, metal cofactorenzyme, nuclear recoil, nuclear transformation, radioisotope-enzyme, DNA polymerase, radioisotopes, dermatoglyphics, diabetes mellitus, palmar patterns, sensitivity, retinal ganglion cells, asthma, phenotypes, endotypes, clusters, biomarkers, biologicals, bronchial thermoplasty, electrocardiography, ECG of the coronary sinus, bifurcational lesion of the coronary arteries, Control of ischemia of myocardium, acute glomerulonephritis, renal biosy, hematuria, renal disease, circulating microRNA, diabetes mellitus, biomarker, nurse clinical preceptors, effective clinical teaching behaviours, Takayasu arteritis, pregnancy, hypertension, renal artery stenosis, angiogram, OHVIRA syndrome, Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich syndrome, uterine anomaly, obstructed hemivagina, Ipsilateral renal anomaly, hematometrocolpos, pregnancy, independent risk factor, virtual learning curve, video- learning, hepatocellular carcinoma, trans arterial chemoembolization, modified incision, preoperative and surgical management, ectodermal dysplasia, genetic diversity, laryngeal xanthoma, vocal polyp, vocal nodule, interlocking nailing, cloning RNA, RNA replication, radioactive isotope, SARS-CoV2 infection, coronary ostia aortic root, right coronary ostium, left coronary ostium, mucinous non-neoplastic cysts, US and CT examination, histological examination. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical sciences.

  • Medical Research and Its Applications Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of medical research and its applications. The contributions by the authors include alzheimer's disease, parkinson’s disease, amyloid-B42 protein accumulation, neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune antibodies, insulin autoimmune syndrome, hirata disease, endocrinal disease, robotic hysterectomy, abdominal hysterectomy, histopathology, adhesiolysis, medical writing, artificial intelligence, patient education, post abortive uterine-colon necrosis, clostridium perfringens infection, erythrophagocytosis, multiple organ failure, platelet activating factor, splenic abscess, peritonitis, hemolysins, klebsiella pneumoniae, neural tube defects, NTD-affected pregnancies, twin pregnancy, congenital abnormalities, mandibular second molar, orthopantomography, panoramic radiography, periodontal tissue health, hemovigilance, quality system management, statistical process control, vein-to-vein lifeline, transfusion medicine, cinderella position, quality adjusted life years, essential medicines, patient blood management, lung cancer, anorexia, non-small-cell lung cancer, mesothelioma, transthoracic evacuation, dendrimers of doxorubicin, attention deficit and hyperactive disorder, neurodevelopmental disorder, sensory integration disorders, Wisconsin cards sorting test, social life ability, human cord blood-derived stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, gal-9-mediated mechanism, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, stem cell educator therapy, systemic lupus erythematosus, carbohydrate recognition domains. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of medical research and its applications.

  • Basics of Nanoscience, Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology

    I am very pleased about the acceptance by the B. P. International publisher to publish this text book. Since 2013, I have been teaching the topic “Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology” to the U. G. students of B. Sc. III. While preparing the notes for said topic, I start to search the study material from various sources. Time to time, session by session these notes get polished by updating it. It has been decided that these notes should be published as a text book to form basic study material for the students of U. G., P. G., and engineering. The manuscript is framed by following the syllabus for B. Sc. course prescribed by R. T. M. Nagpur University. With assurance, this book will be beneficial for the students while they study regarding the nanomaterials. I acknowledge the heartfelt gratitude to the publisher for their acceptance of my manuscript to publish as a text book. The suggestions from readers would be highly admissible. I apologize for discrepancy and mistakes in the manuscript, if any. Also, I am very thankful to my family and friends who inspire me to write this book. Finally, I registered thanks to all sources that studied by me to prepare the literature of the book. 

  • Research Updates in Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of mathematics and computer science. The contributions by the authors include Lie's similarity transformation method, coupled nonlinear partial differential equations, Yang-Mills-Higg's field equations, dyon, optimal inventory model, deterioration rate, default risk, trade credit, inventory, stochastic demand, dependent quadratic demand, variances and covariance assessment, liquid water content, cloud of warm microphysics, earth's hydrological cycle, microphysical processes, turbulence, horner method, classic algorithm, polynomial evaluation, error analysis, coding theory, disease-control interventions, malaria, transmission dynamics of malaria endemic, Lie theory of symmetry groups, prelle–singer procedure, ordinary differential equations, new frontiers in calculus, tangent line solutions, newton’s difference quotient, newton’s power rule, machine learning models, sentiment analysis, recommender systems, application programming interface, steady state solution bivariate poisson process, M/M/1/N queuing model, sensitivity analysis, visualization techniques, compartmental models, global carbon cycle, stress components, two dimensional problem, lord-shulman model, green-lindsay model, time-domain approach. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of mathematics and computer science.

  • New Approaches in Engineering Research Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of engineering research. The contributions by the authors include  Linux kernel, Network File System, Root File System, beam formers, direct digital synthesis, digital up converter, model sim, optical fiber tweezers, optical trapping and manipulation, optical force, photo thermal effect, evanescent fields, cell trapping and assembly manipulation, functionally graded natural fiber, microfiber, mechanisms, closed-loops method, connecting rod curves, energy retrofit, historical building, energy plus, Pombaline Quarter Reconstruction Plan, machinability, TiAlN coated carbide tool, drilling, energy recovery device, vortex, swirling flow, rotary energy recovery device, offshore oil and gas fields. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of engineering research.

  • Science and Technology - Recent Updates and Future Prospects Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of science and technology. The contributions by the authors include online grocery shopping, consumer behaviour, marketing strategy, ecommerce, randomized algorithms, probabilistic analysis, monte carlo algorithms, las vegas methods, sea border transit, ship safety, maritime environment, ASEAN economic community, eye movement complexity, virtual reality, ET-enabled VR headset, human sensing, multiscale entropy, random saccades task, physical timeline data, angular velocity, deep learning based system, recurrent neural network, GaMnSb thin films, R.F magnetron sputtering, magnetic semiconductor, III-V diluted magnetic semiconductors, V-group element, weather forecasting, K-nearest neighbour technique, inverse distance weighting, mean absolute percentage error, anthropogenic cause, environment code of Ilocos Sur, sustainable development goals, climate change mitigation, laser-induced fluorimetry, uranium determination, reliability, applicability, and practicability, percentage composition range, high-sensitivity acoustic sensor, fabry-perot interferometer, end-face cavity in optical fiber, fuse effect. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of science and technology.

  • Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of pharmaceutical research. The contributions by the authors include prednisolone, HPLC and method validation, medication adherence, Morisky medication adherence scale, type II diabetes mellitus, therapeutic outcome, isolated rabbit intestine, relaxant activity, ethanolic extract, adrenaline, adverse drug reaction, pharmacovigilance, arthritis, C-reactive protein, pharmacological screening, gastro-retentive drug delivery system, floating tablets, keto amino acids, glomerular filtration rate, conservative management, end stage renal disease, mother's womb, complexation, antiepileptic’s, epilepsy, histopathological examination, kidney disease, tumor incidence, carcinoma, breast cancer, spectroscopic analysis, phytocompounds, glycogen phosphorylase protein, docking, diabetes. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of pharmaceutical research.

  • Contemporary Research in Business, Management and Economics Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of business, management and economics. The contributions by the authors include adoption of RPA, robotic process automation, automatic report generation, loan processing, final reachability matrix, structural modeling methodology, public finance, public spending composition, growth models, project governance, sustainability, youth empowerment projects, resource based view theory, brand's potential, search engine optimisation, online brand positioning, small-sized online entrepreneurs, poverty, inequalities and digital exclusion, civic engagement, digital inclusion, digital literacy, innovative plasticity, financial literacy, investments avenues, financial attitude, tribal youth agricultural income generating activities, socio-economic, agripreneurship design, machine learning model, stock price prediction, artificial intelligence, support vector regression, decision tree model, Elliott wave theory, venture capital, dividend policy practice, independent venture capital, value-relevance of corporate governance, cumulative abnormal returns, financial and market performance, financial distress risk, monetary policy, sustainability, problematic inflation, economic recovery. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of business, management and economics.

  • Cutting-edge Research in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 3

    This book covers all areas of agricultural sciences. The contributions by the authors include breeding strategies; environment, modern agriculture; biodiversity; climate changes; ecosystems; germplasm; breeding efficiency; selection; genetic engineering; intellectual property protection; small farmers; magnetic declination; magnetic field; influence of magnetism; seed germination; agricultural experiments; rural women; climate change; mitigation; adaptation; sustainable agriculture; occupation; diversification; molecular interactions; nematode; genotype; meloidogyne; Phaseolus vulgaris; loan size and its determinants; farmers; chickpea; pod borer; Helicoverpa armigera; avoidable loss; pest of chickpea; Colocasia esculenta; Phytophthora colocasiae; fungicides; spray regimes; rice; drought; silicon; membrane stability; plant water status; osmotic potential; grain yield; Kagzi lime; post harvest physical losses; Economical losses; B-C ratio; Incidence; black gram; insect-pests; correlation coefficient; insecticides; natural enemies etc. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of agricultural sciences.

  • Current Perspectives in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of agriculture and food science. The contributions by the authors include food chemistry, food technology, plant and animal origin, nutrient-energy ratio, food waste, nutrient loss, sustainable development goal, geographic information systems, aflatoxins, dry fermentation, micro-ferment, toxinogenesis, shelf-life extension, antioxidant properties, post-harvest quality assessment, aloevera and basil oil combination as a coating material, microbial stability, bread quality, sweet potato flour and okra hydrocolloids, sensory evaluation, physicochemical characteristics, audit components, food security projects, poverty alleviation, social components, employment creation, lactic acid bacteria, bacillus spore formers, fermentation, direct microscopic count, microscopic factor, ready-to-serve beverages, synthetic food colour, heavy metals, microbial analysis. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of agriculture and food science.

  • Challenges in Disease and Health Research Vol. 10

    This book covers key areas of disease and health research. The contributions by the authors include high alert medication, medication error, osteoarthritis, knee treatment, bone growth stimulators, ultrasound, exogen, parasitological methods, geohelminths, SARS-CoV-2, infectious disease, HIV/AIDS prevention, antenatal care, pregnancy, maternity, mortality, gangliosidosis, glycosphingolipids, HEXB gene, mRNA, bio resonance, holistic medicine, allergy, public health, autoimmune system, Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia, mutations, one health concept. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of disease and health research.

  • Innovations in Biological Science Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of biological science. The contributions by the authors include antioxidant properties, different antioxidant assays, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, malonic dialdehyde, lipid peroxidation, metabolomics, nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, time-of-flight, hydatid cyst disease, echinococcosis, benzadazole, mebendazole, curcuma longa, traditional medicine, bioavailability, piperine, liposomal encapsulation, microplastics, polyamid content, breast milk, infant formula, ocean calcifiers, ocean acidification, foraminifera, calcite compensation depth, climate change, carbon sequestration, pteridophytes, natural habitats, in-vitro and ex-situ conservation, economic importance, air purification, air pollution tolerance index, conservation of environment, high efficiency particulate air filters, air pollution remedies, toxic pollutants, continuously stirred tank reactor, non-gregarious locust pests, predictive simulation, phytosanitary forecasting, species distribution models, ecological niche models. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of biological science.

  • Recent Progress in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of microbiology and biotechnology. The contributions by the authors include antimicrobial resistance, bacterial diseases, global problem, protozoa, fungi, pollution abatement, potential pathogens, portability of water, microbial contamination, microbiota, microbiome, metagenomics, intestinal homeostasis, microbial symbiosis, industrial additives, antioxidant activity, DEAE cellulose, bioactive potentiality, aquatic pathogens, gastro-intestinal parasites, VNTR genotyping, cluster analysis, molecular epidemiology, phylogeography, phylogenetics, somatoform disorders, anti-Inflammatory cytokines, phagocytes, dendritic Cells and T Cells, CD4, CD8, humoral immunity, B cells, memory cells, tropical eosinophilia, immune response, immunoglobulin’s, macrophages, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxane, SARS-CoV-2, accurate and rapid identification, bioluminescence in real-time, reverse transcriptase loop-mediated amplification protocols, digital PCR system, digital, loop-mediated amplification approach. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of microbiology and biotechnology.

  • Chemical and Materials Sciences - Developments and Innovations Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of chemical and materials sciences. The contributions by the authors include waste management, use of metals and ores, hazardous waste, filizchay mining and metallurgical complex, hydrothermal extraction, synthetic gas, organic component, coal gasification, thermal degradation, degradative elimination, flame retardant synthesis, radical fragmentation, organophosphorus compounds, transport mechanism, tour wire nanostructure, green’s function, molecular electronics, Zn metal powder; zinc ferrite; transparent low fire glaze, color shades of fired glaze, anthranilic acid, anti-inflammatory agents, spasmolytic activity, DFT calculations, atomic force microscopy, visible spectroscopy, borate single crystals, acoustoelectronics, spray pyrolysis, optical properties, X-ray diffraction, polycrystalline nature of the films, antimicrobial polymers, biocidal-releasing polymers, antimicrobial polymer blends, colloidal silver nanoparticles. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of chemical and materials sciences.

  • Current Approaches in Science and Technology Research Vol. 12

    This book covers key areas of science and technology research. The contributions by the authors include Fisher’s Linear discriminant function, wavelet gabor filter, artificial neural network, diabetes mellitus, magnesium, glycated haemoglobin, 3D printing, rapid prototyping, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, fused deposition modelling, tensile strength, brown midrib genes, phenotypic marker, segregating populations, introgression, emasculation, classical electrodynamics, two-body problem, extended Dirac radiation term, neutral equations with both delay and advanced arguments, periodic solution, fixed point theorem,, food processing plants, lipid contaminated wastewater, lipid degradation, soft substrate wearable antenna, dielectric constant, thyroid gland, cancer thyroid gland ISM band, thermal efficiency, thermal effectiveness, shell and helical coil tube, heat exchanger, aquatic environment, bacteria, chemical properties, SIR model, epidemic model, stability, differential transformation method, thermal analysis, daylight index. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of science and technology research.

  • Research Updates in Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of mathematics and computer science. The contributions by the authors include fixed point theorems, b-metric space, cauchy sequence, banach contraction principle, fractional calculus, mixed quadrature rule, fractional calculus, fluid dynamics, cash conversion cycle, model selection instability, shrinkage methods, machine learning, geographic information systems, merkle trees, authoritative geographic system, blockchain networks, network analysis, biclique polynomial, independence polynomials, Pythagorean fuzzy sets, multi-criteria decision-making issues, green supplier, weighted sum method, domain of normal attraction, delayed moment convergence, local limit theorem, buoyancy effects, transverse magnetic field, Boussinesq approximation, Riccati real numbers, solvability, Beverton-Holt stock-recruitment equation, mobius transformation, diophantine equations, number theory, dio-3 tuples, Ramanujan numbers, asymptotic stability, Perron's stability theorem, population dynamics. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of mathematics and computer science.

  • Current Advances in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 10

    This book covers key areas of chemistry and biochemistry research. The contributions by the authors include chemical warfare agent, decontamination, decontamination sorbent, degradation efficiency, FTIR spectrometry, ATR technique, international harmonized analytical method, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, centrifugal monolithic silica spin mini-column, brown coal, thermal stability index, pyrolysis, activated carbon, chemical reaction, biochemical reaction, enzyme – catalyzed reaction, chemical thermodynamics, heat production, entropy production, entropy exchange, transition state, chemical processes, nanotechnologies, ultrasonic velocity, acoustic parameter, density, relative viscosity, Co (III) complex, spectrophotometer, Redox reaction, chemical synthesis, medicinal plants, neurotransmitters, serotonin, migraine pathogenesis, hematology. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of chemistry and biochemistry research.

  • Research Advances in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of environment, geography and earth science. The contributions by the authors include water performance, sustainability, green watershed index, water resource management, soil characteristics, irrigation scheduling, optimum land use management, geological formations, land management practices, mapbox vector tiles, vector data, geographic information systems, 3D visualization, virtual earth, urban development, socio-economic performances, mean weighted value, telecommunication network, environmental awareness, vulnerable ecosystems, environmental deterioration, natural disasters, agropastoralists, sustainable farming practices, climate change, interannual variability of precipitation, , storm surge forecasting, hong kong observatory, tropical cyclone, SLOSH model, lithological changes, Power spectrum analysis, gravity technique measurements, volcanism, modern magmatism, fish degradation, microorganisms, nutritional properties, garlic extract. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of environment, geography and earth science.

  • Newest Updates in Physical Science Research Vol. 12

    This book covers key areas of physical science research. The contributions by the authors include neurotransmitter cycles, small molecules, quantum field theory, quantized energy, quantized information, quantum field of Bosons, thermodynamics, symmetry braking, quantum fluctuations, neural quantum circuitry, photon, electron, positron, electromagnetic energy, Ag-nanocluster, size-selected cluster, atomic force microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, gravitation, electromagnetic-gravitational union, dark energy, dark matter, cosmology, geometry, topology, consciousness, reality models, event physics, epistemology, cognitive action theory, process physics, lagrange formalism, principle of least action, dissipative systems, saddle line, variables principle, electrical engineering, mechanics, electrodynamics, hydrodynamics, ion beam sputtering, metal co-deposition, nano-patterns, atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, intermetallics, ionic melt, electroreduction, electrosynthesis, refractory compounds, rare-earth metals. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of physical science research.

  • Current Progress in Arts and Social Studies Research Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of arts and social studies. The contributions by the authors include tourist visits, tourist behavior, dominant pull factors, tourism infrastructure, geographic information system, election management body, geo-code, point attribute data, parental role modeling, emotional human relationships, parental conflict during adolescence, intimate relationships, code-switching, bilingual students, classroom management, service learning, marital adjustment, gender differences, sexual adjustment, familial relationship, social adjustment, rural women empowerment, several self help groups federation models, facilitate entrepreneurship, anti poverty programs, cognitive empowerment, interpersonal relations, emotional intelligence, peplau’s theory, counterproductive work behaviour, individualism, collectivism, COVID-19, parasite stress theory of values, physical distancing and human habit, sustainable tourism, time series analysis, ARIMA models, cultural heritage management, attitudes towards aging, stereotype embodiment theory, socioemotional selectivity theory, self-perception aging, psycho-bizarreness theory, schizophrenia, bizarre behaviors, knowledge of self-involvement. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of arts and social studies.

  • Modern Perspectives in Economics, Business and Management Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of economics, business and management. The contributions by the authors include industry analysis, activity analysis, competitive advantage, sustainability, triple bottom line, innovation, business model, public financial management, budgeting, service delivery, district assemblies and equity, consumer behavior, Buy Muslim first campaign, Halal product, law and economics, quality and efficiency of the legal system, legal Institutions, Gig-economy, disruptive technologies, externalities, pigouvian taxes, labor standards, logistics, competitiveness, customer experience, consumer behavior, differentiation strategy, product design attributes, insecticide treated mosquito nets, usage of ITNs, limiting factors, neighborhood health committees, environment awareness and attitude, environment management system, green enterprise resources planning, information system, reverse logistics, remittances, Dutch disease, vector auto-regression estimation, behavior bargain, conflict, community, decision making, knowledge creation, sensitization process, guanxi relations paradigm. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of economics, business and management.

  • Science and Technology - Recent Updates and Future Prospects Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of science and technology. The contributions by the authors include adaptive fuzzy particle swarm optimization, market clearing price, genetic algorithm, partial shading condition, maximum power point tracking, social networks, information sharing, Arab spring, mobile device accessibility, nonlinear absorption, nonlinear refraction coefficients, porphyrin derivate, standard single beam Z-scan technique, excited state absorption, laser-induced fluorimetry, LED fluorimetry, uranium concentration, groundwater contamination, drone technology, unmanned aerial systems, nano drones, swarm robotics, economic load dispatch, diesel-solar-wind microgrid, renewable energy resources, rotational spiral flight model, adaptive osborne reynolds apparatus, hydrostatic pressure apparatus, velocity validation, entrepreneurship and technological development, fabricated model, ultrasound imaging, structured ultrasound microscopy, single lead zirconate titanate, single transducer, civil military relations, CMR enablers and barriers, interpretive structural modeling, MICMAC analysis. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of science and technology.

  • Challenges and Advances in Chemical Science Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of chemical sciences. The contributions by the authors include  tertiary amino group, Inner complex, regression analysis, spectrophotometric validation, Euclidean matter-space, non-local interactions, metric matter, self-assembling, unification, inclusion complexes, DFT B3LYP 3-21G method, cheminformatics, drug design, computational chemistry, molecular modelling, drug discovery, computational chemistry, molecular modelling, DNA Staining Dyes, Conceptual DFT, chemical reactivity theory, Alzheimer disease, Amyloid \(\beta\)-peptides, A\(\beta\)40, A\(\beta\)42, computational chemistry, molecular modeling, chemical reactivity theory, carbon paste electrode, differential-pulse voltammetry, impedance measurements, neural network, internal model control based PI, Sierpinski’s fractals, self-similarity, the periodic table of the elements, atomic number, atomic weight, right angled triangle, matlab program, heavy metals, biochemical process, HOMO and LUMO energy levels, binding energy, energy bond gap, micellization, conductivity, viscosity. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of chemical sciences.

  • X-Ray and Gamma Ray Spectrometers for Environmental Studies in Tanzania

    The book titled, “Gamma Ray and X-ray Spectrometers for Environmental Studies in Tanzanian” covers Gamma-ray and X-ray as analytical techniques, theories, materials and methods. The discussions of the research results, conclusions as well as diverse references are cited. The contents include:

    Chapter 1, titled “Introduction to Gamma and X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry for Trace and Major Compositions’’.

    Chapter 2, titled “Heavy Metals in the Sea food from the Vicinity of the Seaport”.

    Chapter 3, titled “Assessment of Vegetables using Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (WDXRF) Spectrometer”.

    Chapter 4, titled “Effects of Climatic Change to the Radionuclide Levels in Tanzania’’.

  • Recent Progress in Plant and Soil Research Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of plant and soil research. The contributions by the authors include Scheffé multiple comparison method, joint regression analysis, test for parallelism, test of coincidence, nitrogen fertilization, nodulation, yield and yield components, irrigation, genotype-environment interaction, models of dynamic, prediction, design, interpreting of the nature of ecological reaction, signs, levels of correlations, the shifts of dominance in different environments, pure cultures, aqueous extracts, microbial load, microorganisms, eco-genetic portrait, genetic-physiological systems, selection, mathematical model of "genotype - environment interaction”, management by environmental factors, composting, crop rotation, mobility, environmental consequences, cassava brown streak disease, Cassava brown streak virus, Disease symptoms, fertilizer application, agricultural practices, jojoba seedlings, agricultural practices, pigment, photosynthesis, metabolite and productivity. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of plant and soil research.

  • Science and Technology - Recent Updates and Future Prospects Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of science and technology. The contributions by the authors include fertilizer consumption, statistical grouping, cluster analysis, agricultural sustainability, bi-clipped stream data, rocks dislocation, mining combines, parameters of cutting rocks using knives, hemp fibers, cellulose-rich fibers, tensile properties, plant-fiber-reinforced composites, architectural heritage DNA, sustainable development, regenerating cultural identity, cultural heritage conservation, utility of information and communication technology, good laboratory practice, laboratory information management systems, electronic records and electronic signatures, safety and security of GLP data, automated detection of pneumonia, digital chest radiographs, advanced deep neural network architecture, deep learning, autoregressive distributed lag model, bounds cointegration test, error correction model, infection and death rates, air quality, satellite data, fbprophet model, aerosol optical depths. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of science and technology.

  • Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 12

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical science. The contributions by the authors include myocutaneous flap, tendoplasty, hypothyroidism, nerve conduction, brainstem auditory evoked potentials, visual evoked potentials, brainstem auditory evoked potentials, neurological problems, depressive disorder, inflammation, acute phase reactant, antioxidants, bioactive compounds, disease prevention, disease treatment, healthier life, horticulture, human health, multi-dimensional health benefits, nutrition, protective food, chest wall, muscle flap, reconstruction, synthetic mesh, titanium plate, telomerase activator, Parkinson’s disease, transgenic mouse model, motor function, alpha-synuclein, autophagy, biomarkers, head and neck cancer, squamous cell carcinoma, cancer stem cell, fluorescence, microgravity, particulate matter, diastolic hyper-tension, epidemiology, metastasis, chronic non-healing ulcers, autologous platelet derived growth factors, fibrin rich plasma, painless limbs and moving extremities, painful legs and moving toes, painless moving hands and legs, monomelic amyotrophy, Hirayama disease, permethrin, motor neuron disease, endodontic treatment, open apices, optimal apical seal, clinical diagnosis. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical science.

  • Medical Research and Its Applications Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of medical research. The contributions by the authors include cardiorespiratory interactions, heart rate variability, weaning process, spontaneous respiration, autonomic nervous system, interbeat intervals, urodynamic studies, urinary incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse, lower urinary tract symptoms, adolescent health challenges, community-based programs, higher-order cognitive processes, sexual behaviour, cycle of poverty, mixed-phenotype leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, philadelphia chromosome, thalassaemia prevention, gene delivery, gene therapy, erythropoiesis, pre-implantation genetic diagnosis, traumatic facial fracture, pneumopericardium, serial electrocardiograms, leg length discrepancy, weber-barstow maneuver, femoral shortening, tibial shortening, anterior and posterior superior iliac spine, homeopathic treatment, post herpetic neuralgia, herpes zoster, antiviral drugs, tactile allodynia, immunosuppression, corpus callosum, human brain, cerebral hemisphere, isthmus, leprosy elimination strategy, multi drug therapy, multibacillary, paucibacillary, tuberculoid, artificial intelligence, AI applications in dentistry, robotic surgery, clinical decision support system, airborne transmission, coronavirus, aerosols, antiviral therapy, 3D printing fabrication, CAD-CAM techniques, Richieri-Costa-Pereira syndrome, Pierre-Robin sequence, temporomandibular joint prostheses, classical hodgkin lymphoma, vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy, acute pancreatitis, epstein-barr virus, B cell activating factor, systemic lupus erythematosus, nanotechnology, autoimmune and cancerous diseases, nuclear factor-kappa B, diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemia, orthodontic interventions, endocrinopathies. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of medical research.

  • Financial Risk Management: Ways towards Assets Protection

    This book, FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT: WAYS TOWARDS ASSETS PROTECTION was started with a focus to help the readers in making connectivity among the different types of financial asset risks and approaches used by companies in dealing with such risks. I have used general examples to present my perspective without any complexity involved. Examples from sublime crises have been given in the discussion to show how different financial risks mainly liquidity risks have been addressed by the firms. However, for understanding the general examples and discussion about the management of different types of risks, I have highlighted important and necessary component for the specific firms to understand their institutional structures. The core aim behind this book was to understand the model-oriented approach to show how the firms dealing with different types of assets apply risk management techniques. Themes in different chapters were developed based on recent financial history, general factors and models been used. This book is designed with low level of technical difficulty. It has not used many statistics in dealing with financial concepts.

  • Research Advances in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of environment, geography and earth science. The contributions by the authors include sustainable tourism observatory, socio-economic implications, national marine park, DPSIR model, LPJ-GUESS, soil organic carbon pool, representative concentration pathway, intergovernmental panel on climate change, commercial water vending machines, microbial contamination, heterotrophic plate counts, coliforms, heavy rainfall events, flood risk management, anthropogenic climate change, atmospheric hadley cells, agricultural activities, cropping pattern, geospatial techniques, agro-climatic planners, biomass and biochar of reed plants, peat thickness, environmental sustainability challenges, artificial intelligence, pollution control and advanced treatment technologies, cultural mapping, electrokinetic processes, phytobial remediation, environmental conservation, national park buffer zone, TNS management efforts, buffer balance, control erosion, microplastics, ecological impact, tire wear particles, ecological impact. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of environment, geography and earth science.

  • Rhythm of Communication in the Structure of Communicative Didactical Activity of the Physical Education Teacher and the method of its Formation

    The range of issues related to rhythm is so wide and varied that its study requires the joint activity of specialists in various fields of scientific knowledge. This monograph defines the pedagogical vector of the category "rhythm" in the field of theory and methodology of professional and pedagogical training of specialists in physical education.

    It is presented the modern paradigm of musical-rhythmic education in the professional training of a specialist in physical culture, where an emphasis is placed on the upbringing of a sense of rhythm and, on its basis, the formation of such a psychomotor quality as coordination, moreover, of an integrated (integrative) plan. This quality is very important for physical education teachers, since it manifests itself in the simultaneous ability to see (students), listen (music, a group of students), move (do physical exercises, correct the movements of students), speak (explain, accompany the exercises, make comments, manage a group, etc.). In this aspect, special attention should be paid to the section devoted to the complex of knowledge and skills of the rhythm of didactic communication of a physical education teacher, where the features of the teacher's didactic activity are considered and, on this basis, puts forward rhythm as the most important means of organizing speech.

    The monograph presents a methodology for the formation of students' knowledge and skills of the rhythm of didactic communication, as well as a program of the course "Methodology for the formation of the rhythm of didactic communication among students of physical culture institutes", the implementation of which makes it possible to expand not only the volume of knowledge and skills of the rhythm of didactic communication, but also to increase the level of general theoretical and methodological training of students.

    In the presented work, for the first time, an attempt was made to theoretically develop the problem of the rhythmic-structural and linguistic organization of didactic communication of a physical education teacher on the basis of concepts that define the category of communication as a type and side of activity, the learning process as a communication process, a didactic situation as a text, and a rhythmic-structural unit of micro-text as a speech tact.

    The direction presented in the monograph is quite relevant, since, due to its theoretical conceptual orientations and practical-methodological arguments, it is aimed at improving the professional training of specialists in the field of physical culture.

    In the presented work, for the first time, an attempt was made to theoretically develop the problem of the rhythmic-structural and linguistic organization of didactic communication of a physical education teacher on the basis of concepts that define the category of communication as a type and side of activity, the learning process as a communication process, a didactic situation as a text, and a rhythmic-structural unit of micro-text as a speech tact.

    The direction presented in the monograph is quite relevant, since, due to its theoretical conceptual orientations and practical-methodological arguments, it is aimed at improving the professional training of specialists in the field of physical culture.

  • Recent Updates in Disease and Health Research Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of disease and health research. The contributions by the authors include chemical ocular injuries, ocular traumas, vascular response, conjunctival swelling, photophobia, Chlamydia trachomatis, sexually transmitted diseases, transfusion-transmissible infections, obesity, chronic non-communicable disease, metabolic syndrome, orthopedic complications, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, person-to-person transmission, SARS-CoV-2, respiratory syncytial virus, lifestyle, diabetes prevention program, visceral thoraco-abdominal distribution, self-perception lifestyle, medical music therapy, lifestyle metabolic therapy, lifestyle-related metabolic disorders, psychological well-being, metabolic improvement, hypothyroidism, iodine deficiency, thyroid autoimmunity, PAH metabolites, stercoralis infections environmental risk factors, tropical rainforest, hookworm infection, skin topography, extrinsic photoageing, actinic radiation, skin tension during senescence, nutrition education, dietary balance, carbohydrate-rich foods, improper nutritional effects, osteoporosis, improving lives of people, ten-year risk of fracture, social and economic magnitude, type 2 diabetes, non-communicable diseases, ethnicity, chronic hyperglycaemia, obesity, mental health problems, adolescebts, healthy foods, color therapy, phototherapy, photobiomodulation, therapeutic modality, ES-Teck complex. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of disease and health research.

  • Study on Bioactivity of Food and Drug Homologous Products

    This book deals with the bioactivity of some Chinese and Korean homologous substances. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the area of probiotics. This book was funded by Chongqing University Innovation Research Group Project (CXQTP20033), China.

  • Medical Research and Its Applications Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of medical research. The contributions by the authors include bertolotti’s syndrome, lumbosacral transition of the l5 vertebra, visual analogue scale score, periarticular injection, polyetheretherketone application, dental implants, cad-cam technology, removable dental prostheses, benign prostate hyperplasia, acute urinary retention, lower urinary tract symptoms, bladder outlet obstruction, post transurethral resection, in-hospital stroke, door-to-needle response, kruskal-wallis, thrombolysis, toxoplasmosis, molecular and serological survey, T. gondii DNA in ruminants, thyroid eye disease, thyroid-stimulating hormone receptors, grave's ophthalmopathy, teprotumumab, external dacryocystorhinostomy, nasolacrimal duct obstruction, lacrimal sac, endophthalmitis, non-infectious diseases, celiac disease, depression disease, a needle in a haystack, colorectal adenocarcinomas, colorectal cancers, next-generation sequencing, tumour protein p53 gene, somatic mutations, rectosigmoid endometriosis, haemafacia, recto-sigmoid colon, laparoscopic excision, deep infiltrating endometriosis, hepatic venous outflow tract obstruction, ulcerative colitis, cytomegalovirus colitis, inflammatory bowel disease, eosinophilic ascites, eosinophilic gastroenteritis, six food elimination diet, serum ascites albumin gradient ascites, oral steroid treatment, epstein-barr virus and multiple sclerosis, cytotoxic t-cell therapy, molecular mimicry, clinical isolated syndrome. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of medical research.

  • Living with Sars-Cov-2 Variants. An Update in the Pandemic Era

    In recent months, the clinical, scientific, and public health communities have had to respond to new viral genetic variants. Genomic characterization of pandemic isolates of coronavirus 2 has identified viral variants that are less susceptible to neutralization by convalescent plasma, vaccinated plasma/serum, or monoclonal antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 than previous strains. Each has triggered a flurry of media attention, a series of reactions from the scientific community, and calls from governments to "keep calm" or pursue immediate countermeasures. In this book we will try to shed light on the clinical consequences of so many virus mutations, renewing the call for people to maintain safety measures at all times.

  • Current Research Progress in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of agricultural sciences. The contributions by the authors include genetic variability and diversity, quantitative traits, multivariate analysis, tocher method, corn crop yield, machine learning techniques, plant growth, neotropical zone’s predominant factors, carbon sequestration, sugarcane cultivation, anthropogenic greenhouse gas, socio-economic and environmental impacts, bioenergy production, nitrogen treatment, nitrates accumulation, lettuce cultivars, nitrogen metabolism enzymes, anti-nutritional factors, amino acid profiles, sandbox seed, iodine value, genotypic variance, phenotypic coefficient of variation, crop improvement programm, high genetic advance, cross-pollinated crops, open pollinated varieties, heterosis, top cross hybrids, integrated nutrient management, pre-and post-harvest care, gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus, biological nitrogen fixation, cane height and internode length, pre-planting set treatment, crop productivity, application of farmyard manure, optimal sowing window, biodiversity, cyanobacteria, rice field, calcium deficient culture medium. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of agricultural sciences.

  • Sociology of Youth

    This book examines many of the social conditions of young people, culture, subcultures, injuries, needs and many other things related to the situation of young people. One of the main goals of compiling the book Sociology of Youth is to understand the different situations and aspects of their lives, and to make them social. In this way, this growing population will find a better way of life. Another purpose of the present book is to discuss the subcultures of young people, and to provide solutions to solve their problems, which is the result of many contradictions in the social structure of societies. The culture and way of life of today's youth is in many ways in conflict with industrial culture, and what industry has made and paid for. While today's youth face many instances of friction and alienation, which are themselves rooted in racial and ethnic origins, and are felt in many societies, a significant portion of youth sociology in the relevant societies focuses on this phenomenon. / Is a social issue. This topic is generally searchable in societies with cultural diversity.

    For the active participation of young people in different sectors of society, as well as to promote their productivity as much as possible, the study of young people is sociologically crucial. In this way, the needs and concerns of young people can be identified, and as a result, the contribution they can make to society can be realized. Since the needs of today's youth, including their health, well-being, family planning, employment, etc., are greater than ever in the past, their sociological study will ultimately provide for their needs. Socio-economic modernization of societies, which continues continuously and inevitably, affects the way of life, patterns and living conditions of young people in various ways, and during such changes, the greatest impact is on young people. In contrast, young people themselves have the greatest impact on changing patterns and advancing modernization goals. Sociology always evaluates young people in the direction of their movement, according to the changes that take place in them.

    Young people in every society are the most united, influential, and at the same time influential. Also, investing in educational, scientific and ethical sectors, according to the intended goals, has an effective role in the development and dynamism of young people. Therefore, cultural capital, which itself comes from education and training, gives fame and prestige to people, especially young people. Therefore, by creating the necessary conditions, achieving such credibility for the youth, the ground for the development and excellence of societies can also be provided. While the individual and collective identity of young people is formed from the public space of the family, the facilities available and how to invest in it, this trend should always be considered by policy makers. The physical environment, including urban, non-urban, industrial, etc., each in its place, affect the quality of life of young people. Therefore, from a sociological point of view, they should always be considered and policy-making. The youth of the present age have found more choice through the use of industrial and technological achievements. Also, the two currents of industrialization and globalization have changed the expectations and demands of young people; That is, a phenomenon that, if ignored, leads to many problems in different societies. Within a generation, even the issues of young people are different in terms of gender, social class, family structure, workplace, etc.; Therefore, socialization should be applied according to the conditions between them. Sociology of youth emphasizes that in order to achieve human development, adequate investment in various sectors should be applied to the younger generation until the age of less than twenty, so that this population can enter adulthood more readily.

    Youth sociology explains how and to what extent countries with high population growth are under pressure in terms of young people's demand for jobs and employment resources, which in turn has led to massive inward and outbound migration of young people. has brought. One of the problems of the present age among the youth is the social "alienation" among the youth; That is, what arises from unbalanced industrial and social development. On the other hand, improving the quality of its young population also improves the quality of products and services in a given community. Also, any change in the quality of life of the young generation depends on the economic growth and development of communities. Among the important issues addressed by the sociology of youth are the various dimensions of marriage between this changing society, including the age of marriage, delay in marriage, incompatibilities arising from the event of divorce, fertility, etc. between young people. While some scholars cite the proliferation of young people, especially in developing societies, as a challenge, others see it as an opportunity, and the judgment between the two perspectives is based on sociological theories themselves. On the other hand, following the transformation of young people from quantity to quality, social capital is strengthened in a society.

    Street children also pave the way for the emergence of future unhealthy youth in any society; That is, young people who will potentially and possibly have street children. This sequence is traceable in many cities of less developed societies. The increase in urbanization is due to a higher unemployment rate simply because in the past rural / agricultural communities many young people were attracted to agricultural jobs; Even hidden in the form of the unemployed. Young people spend more time in the education system, starting work at an older age, and also getting married later than their counterparts in the 1980s; That is, a set of changes that are of great sociological importance. Because young people are in different societies and in different cultural contexts, the scenario of social anomalies, including domestic violence and divorce, is at different levels. One of the main goals of youth sociology is to study the indicators of employment, unemployment and migration among this growing population, especially in the less developed societies of the world, which the present book deals with such indicators in different seasons.

    Because Africa has a much larger youth population than the rest of the world, the study of this population is extremely important from a sociological perspective of its youth; That is, their marginal living conditions, the unemployment rate between them, and how much they are exposed to many communicable diseases. Because young people are generally exposed to many social and family injuries and tensions, their access to counseling and social work services is very important. By providing such services, young people can be guided as much as possible in the movement of social, economic, artistic and cultural development. In general, one of the weaknesses of developing societies is the lack or limitation of counseling and social work services in such societies and among young people, and this has caused many of them to not be able to use their capacities and capabilities well.

  • Current Approaches in Engineering Research and Technology Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of engineering research and technology. The contributions by the authors include tensile loading evaluation, scarfed adhesively-bonded joints, finite element method, single-lap joint, fracture criteria assessment, cohesive zone models, scarf geometries, aluminum (AW6082-T651) adherends, shear stresses, canoeing, cohesive zone modelling, modified basalt fibre reinforced polymers-aluminium hybrid joints, mixed-mode bending, fracture toughness, shear components, single-leg bending, fracture mechanics, asymmetric tapered double-cantilever beam, postharvest handling of eggplant, taguchi technique, signal-to-noise ratio, postharvest quality management, silicon nanofabrication processes, atomic force microscopy, microfabrication, nanoscale local oxidation, electromechanical processing, mechanochemical processing, effectiveness of carboxylmethyl cellulose, cement slurry, sustained casing pressure, replacement of conventional hydroxy ethyl cellulose, 5g MIMO antenna, wireless and mobile applications, patch antenna, reception apparatus, ground plane with substrate, cellular communication, time division multiple access, 3g system, global systems for mobile communication, wideband-code division multiple access, multi-party cooperative game model, post-event restoration programming, lagrange relaxation-based solution methodology, power system restoration, security-constrained unit commitment, superior characteristics of (Al-Li) alloys, wear test, tensile test, lithium's ability in aluminum. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of engineering research and technology.

  • Recent Research Advances in Biology Vol. 12

    This book covers key areas of biology. The contributions by the authors include prolactin, growth hormone, diabetes, PRLR antagonist, growth hormone, body growth and metabolism, phytoplankton, residence time, biocontrol, sexual dimorphism, morphometric traits, sexual maturity, mating behaviour, myocardial infarction, translocation, contractile dysfunction, \(\beta\)-adrenergic system desensitization, snail recognition, miracidial-to-sporocyst transformation, carbohydrate mimicry, adaptation, biomass, forests, energy resources, energy value, calorific value. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of biological research.

  • An Overview of Literature, Language and Education Research Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of literature, language and education. The contributions by the authors include strategic management, educational organization, communication technology, sustainable, semantic/syntactic/ episodic model, N400-related episodic congruency of word-meaning, word semantic character, machine translation, bilinguals, code-switching, heritage language, free basic education, universal education agenda, public primary school, online teaching, educational environments, google classroom, covid-19 pandemic, free online platforms, virtual learning method, mathematics classroom, creative thinking, trends in international mathematics and science study, real-life mathematical problems, sense-making of mathematics, responsive middle level mathematics teaching, culturally sustaining practices, culturally sustaining practices, mathematical literacy, association for middle level education, meta discourse strategies, persuasive writing, essay-writing’ class, metadiscourse, BAWE corpus. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of literature, language and education.

  • The Nutritional Bypass: Restore Circulation without Surgery

    In 1986, I introduced the concept of nutritional arterial cleansing (aka The Nutritional Bypass) to Canada where it has been thriving ever since.  Many thousands of people have achieved results not possible by any other method.  Fifty-five of them share their experiences with you in this book.

    The only way to overcome any health problem is to correct its cause.  Drugs and surgery cannot do that.  All that modern medicine can do is alleviate symptoms.  Bypass surgery restores circulation temporarily but does nothing to stop the same or other arteries from plugging up later on.  Bypass surgery can do nothing for plugged arteries that are inaccessible to the scalpel, such as behind the heart or in the skull.  By correcting the cause of narrowing arteries, however, nutritional arterial cleansing does what the bypass cannot – and much more.

  • The Study on Laser Processing of the Surface Layer of Grey Cast Iron Machine Parts

    Following book is about the possibilities of improvement of grey cast iron properties. This cast alloy of iron is widely used in many branches as a machine part where high tensile strength and impact strength is not demand. Presence of graphite in grey cast iron causes various beneficial properties as reduction of vibrations, improvement the machinability and the sliding properties lowering friction. Grey cast iron are charateried by lower density than that of steel, better casting properties than cast steel.

    Improvement of its surface layer properties make possibilities of spreading its application, and even using it instead of more expensive materials.

    One of method that can change surface layer properties greatly is laser heat treatment, and particularly laser alloying. The specificity of this treatment consist on three aspect.

    The laser beam power focus on small area of treated surface causes high values of its density that can make radical changes in the surface layer like transformation of the alloy into a liquid state. Because of high laser beam velocities relative to the treated surface, the time of heating is very short, so this liquid alloy is immediately chilled. This cause rapid solidification, grain refining and non-equilibrium phases formation.

    The second one is possibilities the addition of alloy element(s) or substances in to the liquid state during remelting. It is possible to implement a large amount of elements in various proportions, and even those elements with difficult solubility in the solid state.

    The third one is that, the laser treatment is dedicated to only selected areas of machine parts that are the most exposed to damage by wear as a result of friction, corrosion or high temperatures. Therefore, the costs of usually expensive alloying elements can be reduced.

    The use of such a specific surface treatment of grey cast irons may provide new possibilities for their application.

    In the first chapter, except of short characterization of grey cast iron, laser alloying with chosen alloying substances has been presented.

    The second chapter contain comparative preliminary research consisting in evaluating the surface layers of grey cast iron after laser alloying with various alloying substances in the same conditions.

    In the third chapter application aspect of laser alloying has been presented. Laser alloying was implemented to the one of machine part, that is exposed to intensive abrasive wear.

    The last chapter concludes performed analysis.

  • Fanonian Decolonization and Purple Hibiscus

    This work explicates the notion of Fanonian decolonization and how it is portrayed in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s Purple Hibiscus. It also attempts to delve into the depths of the power relationships established as a result of colonization and how the Occident conquered the rest of the world in a tactful and crooked manner.

  • Innovations in Science and Technology: Shaping a Sustainable Future (Vol. 1)

    Welcome to the inaugural volume of Innovations in Science and Technology: Shaping a Sustainable Future. Within these pages, you will embark on a journey through the frontiers of innovation, where science and technology converge to pave the way towards a more sustainable world.

    In this volume, you will find chapters dedicated to key areas of innovation like green chemistry, nanotechnology, computational techniques, ionic liquids, agriculture and wearable sensors. Each chapter offers a glimpse into the cutting-edge research and pioneering technologies that are driving progress in these fields. Green chemistry, for example, explores the development of environmentally friendly processes and products that minimize waste and reduce the use of hazardous substances. Computational techniques harness the power of computer simulations and data analysis to solve complex problems and optimize resource utilization. Agriculture is undergoing a revolution, with innovations ranging from precision farming techniques to the development of drought-resistant crops, aimed at feeding a growing global population while minimizing environmental impact. And wearable sensors are revolutionizing healthcare, enabling continuous monitoring of vital signs and early detection of health issues.

    But innovation alone is not enough. Our collective journey towards a sustainable future demands a holistic approach: one that integrates scientific discovery with ethical considerations, social responsibility, and environmental stewardship. As we harness the power of innovation, we must also confront the ethical dilemmas, equity issues, and unintended consequences that arise along the way. Innovations in Science and Technology: Shaping a Sustainable Future is more than just a collection of ideas; it is a call to action. It challenges us to think boldly, to collaborate across disciplines, and to strive for solutions that benefit not only the present generation but also those yet to come.

  • Study of Contact Parameters in Metal-on-plastic Hip Endoprothesis with a New Analytical Method of Contact Mechanics

    Hip endoprosthesis are considered to be the greatest successful progress in orthopedic surgery in the last 100 years. Over 1 000 000 surgeries are conducted every year, over 300 000 - only in the USA.

    Hip arthroplasty is an operation involving the replacement of a diseased hip joint with an artificial one. Each endoprosthesis consists of an acetabulum, acetabular insert, stem and metal head. The artificial cup is mounted in place of the natural acetabulum. Most often it is made of titanium, and inside it there is an insert made of polyethylene or ceramics. A metal or ceramic head is attached to the titanium stem of the prosthesis. In this way, the metal head and acetabular insert form a new joint, capable of making movements, allowing to perform human physiological gait. 

    Although hip joint prostheses have been in use for about 100 years, they only perform without any faults properly for 12 - 15 years. A human takes about 1,000,000 steps a year. During this period, there is a constant wear of its components, especially the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) cup used in approximately 90% of hip joint endoprostheses.

    When selecting hip replacement implants for particular group of patients it is vital to ensure the smallest contact strength in the endoprosthesis at the initial stage of use.  The primary objective is to minimize the wear of prosthesis components, the speed of which is largely dependent on the contact pressures present. However, the issue of reliable assessment of contact pressure in endoprostheses is still not fully resolved. This is due to the lack of relatively simple and effective calculation methods ensuring the possibility of their estimation depending on the compressive force, endoprostheses size, radial clearance and type of materials used. Various numerical methods used since 1985 to assess contact pressures are used on a small scale by engineers - designers of endoprostheses and doctors that perform arthroplasty.

  • Pediatric Abdominopelvic Trauma

    Pediatric abdominopelvic trauma is a complex and challenging aspect of pediatric surgery and trauma care. Injuries to the abdominal and pelvic regions in children require a multidisciplinary approach, drawing upon expertise from pediatric surgeons, trauma specialists, emergency medicine physicians, radiologists, and critical care teams. As the field of pediatric trauma continues to evolve, it is imperative for healthcare professionals to stay abreast of the latest advancements and evidence-based practices in managing abdominopelvic injuries in children.

    This book endeavors to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date exploration of pediatric abdominopelvic trauma, offering insights into its etiology, assessment, diagnosis, and management. Through the collective expertise of esteemed contributors, encompassing pediatric surgeons, trauma specialists, and allied healthcare professionals, this volume aims to serve as a definitive resource for clinicians entrusted with the care of pediatric patients facing abdominal and pelvic trauma.

    The journey through this book begins with an exploration of pediatric abdominal and pelvic anatomy, emphasizing the unique anatomical considerations and developmental differences that influence the presentation and management of trauma in children. Understanding the nuances of pediatric anatomy is paramount for accurate diagnosis and optimal surgical outcomes.

    Subsequent chapters delve into the mechanisms of injury, ranging from blunt trauma due to motor vehicle accidents or falls to penetrating trauma resulting from gunshot wounds or stab injuries. Each mechanism of injury presents its own set of challenges, requiring clinicians to adeptly navigate diagnostic dilemmas and treatment options tailored to the individual needs of the patient.

    Central to the management of pediatric abdominopelvic trauma is a thorough understanding of diagnostic modalities, including imaging studies such as ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). While these modalities offer invaluable insights into the extent and severity of injuries, clinicians must balance the need for timely diagnosis with the judicious use of ionizing radiation, particularly in pediatric patients.

    Surgical intervention plays a pivotal role in the management of pediatric abdominopelvic trauma, necessitating precise surgical techniques and meticulous intraoperative decision-making. From exploratory laparotomy to organ-specific repairs, each surgical approach must be tailored to the unique anatomical and physiological considerations of the pediatric patient.

    Beyond the acute phase of injury, postoperative care and long-term outcomes are of paramount importance. Chapters dedicated to critical care management, nutritional support, and rehabilitation highlight the holistic approach required to optimize outcomes and facilitate the child's recovery and rehabilitation.

    As editors and contributors to this book, our collective aim is to provide healthcare professionals with a comprehensive and authoritative resource that equips them with the knowledge and skills necessary to navigate the complexities of pediatric abdominopelvic trauma. It is our sincere hope that this volume serves as a beacon of guidance and expertise, ultimately contributing to improved outcomes and enhanced quality of life for pediatric patients facing abdominopelvic trauma.

    In closing, we extend our deepest gratitude to the contributors who have generously shared their expertise and insights, as well as to the healthcare professionals dedicated to the care of pediatric patients worldwide. Together, we strive to advance the field of pediatric trauma care and ensure the well-being of the most vulnerable members of our society.

  • Classroom Activities for Schools & Universities: A Manual for Teachers and Students

    Purpose of the Book:

    The aim of the book is to provide students and teachers with a quick handbook on activities and exercises that can be used in the classroom, all in one book both in both Arabic and English language. The book combines an overview of important concepts in learning, the process and stages. This important resource offers both university and school students as well academics with a practical guide for all the activities that can help build on knowledge, skills, creativity, thinking, analysis and development. It enables students to understand some concepts and theories in a practical and more interesting way, as well as changing the class routine. The handbook combines material from various sources as well the author's own activities reflecting on her 27 years of teaching experience. The activities and exercises can be modified to suit various topics and specializations as well as different levels of students. They have been applied and practiced before being compiled it in this handbook. Numerous researches have proved the relationship between a positive classroom environment and students' motivation and productivity. This is achieved through careful preparation and planning class sessions through assessment and activities implemented in the sessions/classes. The activities enable more student interaction and participation in class as well as bringing change and learning in a more fun and creative environment.

     The book is divided into six chapters as follows:

    Chapter 1 is an overview of learning and teaching, basic concepts and theories of learning and teaching. The important outcome of this chapter is establishing the concepts and definitions of teaching and learning, highlighting the importance of understanding the various ingredients that lead to effective classroom learning. It covers issues on types of learning, teaching strategies and techniques and guidelines to effective application of activities. The chapter also gives an overview of emotional intelligence and its importance in achieving an effective learning environment.

    Chapter 2 Starts with activities that can be used in the first week of classes as an icebreaker and enables students to monitor their progress and helps the facilitator  or teacher to follow up on the progress at the end of a semester or the school year.  The chapter illustrates the purpose, method and materials needed for each activity and a reflection on the author’s experience and guidelines on the activities.

     Chapter 3 Looks at the activities that can be practiced during the semester to engage students in participating and learning. The chapter covers the activities that help build students' self-confidence, understanding of themselves and of others.  The chapter also highlights activities that help teachers and facilitators to get feedback from the students as to how well they are learning, are they experiencing any difficulties? What are some of the weaknesses in the class and what needs to be done? 

     Chapter 4 Provides additional material that facilitators could utilize in their classes.  The chapter also presents publications by the author on emotional intelligence in schools in Oman that would enable the facilitator to have a more understanding of the effect of EI training in classrooms.  The outcome of the research would also contribute to comprehending the association to the culture in Oman and may open the door for further research.

     Chapter 5 Lists all the references and sources used.

     The novel features of this book are as follows:

    It covers concepts, definition, cases and activities in teaching and learning, selected from the author’s experience and various sources such as educational websites, books and journals. 

    Throughout the book there are case studies, exercises, activities and tips for teachers and facilitators as well as students.  The purpose is to engage students, create an interactive learning environment, have fun, break the routine and at the same time understand the topics or concepts explained.

    The activities also help students to evaluate and understand the course module, build up on their skills, and be more motivated to engage in learning. The book includes tables, illustrative figures and pictures of the classroom setting. Moreover, the book provides references and websites for teachers, facilitators, trainers to obtain further information related to teaching and learning as well as training.

  • Climate Change, the Fossil Empire and the Creator's Takeover

    This book discusses about the Earth’s water cycle and the role of evaporation, latent heat and condensation in driving storms, transporting energy poleward and giving increasing precipitation extremes, floods, droughts and fires. We review the increasing challenge of meeting human demand for water as water tables are falling globally from increased pumping, and winter snowpack storage is shrinking.  Many people expect and hope we will find technical solutions to the climate crisis. It is clear that we have had that capability for decades, but society is driven by power and profit, not by wisdom.

  • New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical research. The contributions by the authors include animal models, dental research, diabetes mellitus, blood sugar, calf contractions, pectoral pressure, shoulder squeezes, adsorption, biochar, protein, refolding, thermal stabilization, operation records, fine needle aspiration cytology, sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic accuracy, diuretics, antihypertensive effect, hydrochlorothiazide, chlorthalidone, hypokalemia, physiology, pathology, traditional Chinese medicine, meridians, acupoints, ligaments, caesarean section, vaginal births, vagina and neovagina, vaginoplasty, syndrome, McIndoe, condom, Amniotic membrane, Paraffin gauze, dental charting, Incisor, contraception, urinary stress incontinence, fertility awareness method, molecular genetics, reactive oxygen species, machine learning, palliative care, Biceps Femoris, aberrant frenum, diastema, frenectomy, Millers technique, autopsy, head injury, skull fracture, intracranial hemorrahge, subarachnoid hemorrahage, subdural hemorrhage, extradural haemorrhage, antiphospholipid antibodies, coagulation, thrombosis, pregnancy, Takayasu’s arteritis, C reactive protein, serrum ferritin, Doppler method, cardiomegaly, obstetrics, gynaecology, pediatric brain tumor, tumor classification, survival assessment. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical research.

  • Principles of Analysis of Solid Drug Formulations Using the Tablet Processing Workstation: A Case Study of Two Drug Candidates under Clinical Development

    A typical calm ambience floated about the office in precise harmony with the mild breeze outside on a color-rich early summer morning. Shades of intense green and orange glistened as they bounced off the interior office walls on which were displayed various workflows in attractive animation. The extra-large windows spanning the entire perimeter of the floor space gave way to a magnificent illumination. Decorative lighting completed an amazing picture of this large, shared office.

    This was the Pharmaceutical Development Function, located on the third floor of the Drug Discovery Facility at AstraZeneca’s Macclesfield site. A beaming Dr. Andy Brookes, my industry supervisor, entered the office.

    “Good morning, Jonans! I suppose you had a great weekend.”

    “Good morning, Andy! The weekend was great, indeed. But I nearly missed the planned walk to Alderley Park.”

    I had just been accepted to work at AstraZeneca as a summer intern. A week or so previously, I had successfully completed my taught courses on the MSc. Pharmaceutical Analysis program at the University of Strathclyde. The summer placement was the culmination of a highly competitive process that had seen several postgraduate students such as myself all over the United Kingdom compete for just three placement slots offered.

    In the months that followed, from May to August 2012, I spent memorable weeks in Pharm. Dev., shifting between the highly secured TPW and chromatography laboratories, carefully setting up runs on the TPW for sample prep, and then onto the HPLC/UPLCs, and finally monitoring the separations remotely on my office desk. Then, analyzing each set of data acquired, I would add a new piece to the algorithm’s puzzle.

    During the application process, we were informed that the three placement projects were in liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry and organic synthesis. We did not need to indicate our choices, but these would be made for us based, presumably, on how we performed during the interviews. However, even at that point, I thought I would fit best in chromatography although I was a strong admirer (and still I am) of mass spectrometry, having recently read the story of the development of the Orbitrap mass analyser by Alexander Makarov.

     

    The chromatography project appealed to me mainly because the task involved developing algorithms, known simply as decision trees, to enable wider application of the TPW in the analysis of solid drug formulations. The TPW, which was then in its third generation, was expected to increase laboratory analytical throughput, leading to precious time and cost savings, as well as minimizing human errors. However, as methods on the TPW needed to be customized to meet the individual formulation specifications, far too much time was being spent on method development. Therefore, a more robust approach was needed to permit faster development of analytical methods. As I read through the options for the placement, I thought this would be a perfect fit for me.

    As it turned out, I was not only selected among the three candidates to undertake the placement but I was also assigned to work with Dr Andy Brookes on the TPW project. This was a moment of extreme excitement for me—a period of great inspiration. It will be apparent throughout this book that the successful development of decision trees needed a complete understanding of not just theoretical chromatography, but also the physicochemical principles of drugs and the inner workings of the TPW. Moreover, the hypotheses generated needed testing, and for this, a thorough understanding of statistics was required, particularly the design of experiments (DoE) approach. The DoE approach enabled the computation of model designs for screening experiments that offered an appropriate experimental space in order to test the suitability, reproducibility, and sample scope of the generic methods developed. Additionally, a protocol for robustness testing was needed to check and ensure the stability of the TPW over the course of the analysis under different operating conditions. This would offer much-needed confidence and trust to the users.

    It is my hope that readers will find this short book, and the discussions presented herein, a valuable addition to their reading resources for liquid chromatography and the TPW.

  • Current Approaches in Science and Technology Research Vol. 13

    This book covers key areas of science and technology research. The contributions by the authors include colony optimization, colony algorithms, transportation, plasma, magneto hydrodynamics, waves, solar chromosphere, solar corona, critical quality attributes, materials attributes, melting endotherm, quality by design, retention times, wet granulation, Artemisinin based Combination Therapies, scanning Calorimetry, soft tissue tumour, stromal cell lesions, ovarian adenocarcinoma, neoplasms, rare gynaecological malignancies, conflicts Higgs energy, mass of neutrino, LHCb collaboration, “ATLAS” experiments, Curie energy, quarks and other sub-atomic particles, soap industry effluents, physicochemical parameter, pollutants, mobile adhoc networks, black hole attack, trust, malevolent node, packet dropping, conventional engine, LHR combustion chamber, diesel engine, performance, exhaust emissions, power substation, critical infrastructures, permanent regime, crystal growth, thermal studies, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, antimalarial activity, infectious disease, aerospace technology, rocket and space technology, aerospace activity, new industrial revolution, borehole configuration, thermal resistance correlations, ground-heat exchangers, evaluation, Direct Exchange Condenser, antibacterial activity, phytochemical components, malnutrition. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of science and technology research.

  • Structural Equation Modelling of Time Banditry under the Theory of Planned Behaviour

    Comprehending unethical behaviour is crucial in the professional realm. Both organization's competitive productivity and employee performance are impacted by unethical activity. Numerous studies have examined the effects of various forms of unethical activity. One example of unethical activity is time banditry, defined as an employee's tendency to engage in unapproved, non-job-related activities while at work. It is unethical for the workers to get compensated for the period when they are not working for their employers. Some examples of bandit conduct include arriving late at the place of employment, departing early, attempting to take longer or more frequent breaks than permitted, slacking while in the oce, using the Internet for personal gain, attempting to take longer lunch breaks, and engaging in severe socializing with coworkers.


    The primary objective of this book is to investigate the causes that lead an employee to behave in such a time-bandit manner. Given the complexity of such a problem, this book presents the application of Structural Equation Modelling as a method for evaluating the reasons utilising the well-known Theory of Planned Behaviour. This book also shows whether the in uence of various well-known components of the Theory of Planned Behaviour on the intent to participate in time banditry is moderated by factors such as gender, age, educational attainment, and organisational size. The book o ers a thorough study based on data gathered from the Island of Mauritius, but the theoretical and practical consequences are also easily transferable to other nations worldwide.

  • New Approaches in Engineering Research Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of engineering research. The contributions by the authors include secure photograph recovery, spotlight inclusion, Biometrics, band notched characteristics, chamfered bevel slots, defective ground plane, monopole antenna, ultra wide band, hybrid cloud, deployment, integration, on-premises, native cloud, artificial intelligence, architecture, data, modern data platform, data lake, data warehouse, applications, legacy systems, infrastructure, resilient, reliable, operationally excellent, performance efficient, high availability, fault tolerance, scalable, environments, electromagnetic energy, wireless communications, water hammer, transient flow, positive and negative pressure, MATLAB, doubly fed induction generator, neural networks, proportional integral, wind power generation, CMOS technology, arithmetic circuits, confusion matrix, hotencoder, Cu-Co oxidized ores, hydrometallurgical processing, ore sulphuric acid leaching, talcaeous minerals presence, slowed settling kinetics, process dysfunctions, vacuum circuit-breaker, multi-break vacuum interrupters, SF6 circuit-breaker, dielectric strength, velocity of dielectric strength, transient recovery voltage, breaking capacity, inventory control, supply chain, imperfect production, rework, stochastic demand, lead time reduction, ordering cost reduction, trade-credit, variable transportation cost, small signal amplifiers, Darlington amplifiers, MOSFET amplifiers, MOSFET in Darlington pair, nano-Silica, Micro Metakaaolin, magnetized water, carbon fibers, Micro slag powder. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of engineering research.

  • Police Operations and Corporate Governance

    Police forces hold a unique position in society. Tasked with upholding the law and maintaining order, they wield immense power that directly impacts the lives and safety of citizens. This power, however, necessitates a critical element: trust. Public confidence in the integrity and effectiveness of law enforcement is essential for a healthy society.  This book delves into the crucial role of corporate governance principles in fostering that trust. We explore how these principles, often associated with the business world, translate into the realm of police operations. By examining how corporate governance practices interface with resource management, strategic planning, oversight, and ethical conduct, we demonstrate how strong governance frameworks are the bedrock of efficient and ethical policing.

    The core argument presented here is that sound corporate governance safeguards not only ensure responsible use of resources and effective strategic planning but also encourage moral behavior within police forces. This, in turn, leads to a decrease in police misconduct and a rise in public confidence. The book utilizes an analytical approach, examining the impact of corporate governance principles on various facets of law enforcement. We acknowledge the complexities involved in striking a balance between police autonomy and public accountability while emphasizing the importance of robust oversight mechanisms.

    This work is intended for a broad audience. Policymakers seeking to implement police reform, law enforcement personnel committed to ethical practices, and engaged citizens interested in improving their communities will all find valuable insights within these pages. Ultimately, the aim is to illustrate how embracing sound corporate governance allows police forces to serve their communities with greater effectiveness, fostering trust and delivering the level of security citizens deserve.

  • Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 10

    This book covers key areas of pharmaceutical research. The contributions by the authors include anabolic androgenic steroids, acetylcholinesterase, forebrain, hippocampus, midbrain, hindbrain, phytochemical screening, medicinal plants, antifungal activity, ethnopharmacology, hepatoprotection, hepatotoxicity, acetaminophen, hepatoprotective ability, streptozotocin, histopathological illustration, islets of Langerhans, clinical treatment, type 2 diabetes mellitus,  prognostitization, ayurveda, aatheter associated bacteriuria, ICU prophylaxis, pressure ulcer, stress ulcer, ventilator associated pneumonia, drug utilization, antimicrobial agents, physico-chemical characterization, green synthesis, pharmacological effects, solvent casting method, epilepsy, medical marijuana, plethora, HPLC partially purified lantadene B In-vitro trypanocidal activity, ln-vitro cytotoxicity test, antitrypanosomal activity, ln vitro cytotoxicity test, reverse phase HPLC purified precocene I, In-vitro trypanocidal Activity, ln-vitro cytotoxicity test. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of pharmaceutical research.

  • Chemical and Materials Sciences - Developments and Innovations Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of chemical and materials sciences. The contributions by the authors include ceria-zirconia mixed metal oxide nanoparticles, antibacterial activity, antifungal activity, microwave assisted techniques, green chemistry, cerium oxide, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, adsorption isotherms, zeolites, Langmuir model, Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm, electrospun nanofiber composites, expanded polystyrene, volatile organic compounds, reduced graphene oxide, gas sensing behavior, triboelectrification, triboelectron emission, Schottky effect, tunnel effect, exoemission, temperature-programmed photoelectron emission, tetravalent cerium cation-imprinted crosslinked polymer network, N,N-Methylene-bis-acrylamide, metal ion imprinting technology, sorbent, yttria–zirconia discs, neoformed bone, osseointegration, transcriptome, surface topography, heavy metals, toxicity, environmental pollution, metal ion binding properties, scanning electron microscopy, equilibrium water content. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of chemical and materials sciences.

  • Modern Perspectives in Language, Literature and Education Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of language, literature and education. The contributions by the authors include escape room, gamification, educational services, socio-educational services, technological applications, academic achievement, psychological factors, learners, school phobia, achievement motivation, musical expression in early childhood, 3D motion capture, feature quantity, machine learning, multilayer perceptron neural network, e-business, intranet, design, internal communication, educational factors, engagement in literacy, learning activities, job acquisition, educational qualification program and teachers’ trainees, Thai immunology e-Books, effectiveness, microbiology, computer-supported Collaborative Learning, web 2.0, Information and Communication Technologies, e-learning, video lectures, multimedia learning, Video segmentation, blended achievement, blended formative assessment, collaborative learning communities, global blended learning age, micro blended learning achievement units, Systemic Assessment Framework, transnational schools, academic achievement. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of language, literature and education.

  • Medical Research and Its Applications Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of medical research. The contributions by the authors include strategic planning, health services, novel diseases, SWOT analysis, force field analysis, dental anxiety, pain rating scales, audiovisual distraction, intra-abdominal hypertension, abdominal compartment syndrome, sigmoidopexy, organ hypoperfusion, childhood obesity, childhood cardiovascular risk, insulin resistance, school health programs, glucose management indicator, diabetes mellitus, continuous glucose monitoring, self-monitoring blood glucose, HbA1c, better glucose control, severe hypoglycemic events, trauma, injury, vital -advanced trauma life support, continuing professional development, pediatric advanced life support, drug therapies, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, islet amyloid polypeptide, neutral protamine hagedorn insulin, cosmetic industries, iris pseudacorus, rhizomes, anti-inflammatory properties, drooping sepals, irisin, primary intracranial malignant melanoma, leptomeningeal tissue, diffuse melanosis, intracranial, population-based cancer registries, socio-professional backgrounds, country’s cancer control, aromatherapy, essential oils, naturopathic medicine, therapeutic modalities. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of medical research.

  • Recent Trends in Chemical and Material Sciences Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of chemical and material sciences. The contributions by the authors include chlorpheniramine, intermolecular interaction, Gibbs free energy, Redlich Kister polynomials, rubber component, finite element analysis, acceleration test, biomaterial, hydroxyapatite, sea waste, wet precipitation, oyster shell, antimicrobial activity, fly ash, geopolymer process, alkali chemical activator & atmospheric curing, coefficient of variation, quality of finish, roughness, strength, paint application method, fuzzy sets theory, fuzzy logic, forecast models, fuzzy linear regression, multi objective programming, vibroacoustic analysis, marine engine, natural gas, pizoelectric accelerometers, polyaniline, metal oxides, morphology, chemical oxidation, fish tissues, heavy metal bioaccumulation, wastewater, antibacterial activities, medicinal and pharmaceutical chemistry, PVK based electrolyte, ion-electron conductor, polymer composite electrolyte, nanophosphor, microscopy, Raman spectra, luminescence, osmotic coefficients, activity of water, linear rule, thermodynamic model, dimensionless-thermodynamic potential, probability-distribution function, information entropy, electrolyte solution, conductivity, solubility, compressive strength, Kenaf fiber, diffusion, effective energy barrier, molecular dynamics. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of chemical and material sciences.

  • Contemporary Research in Business, Management and Economics Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of business, management and economics. The contributions by the authors include performance management, virtual work performance, employee motivation, remote working, entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial education, experiential learning, real entrepreneurship practice, pharmaceutical industry, generic medication, brand marketing, contract research and manufacturing services, board size, financial performance, return on equity, corporate governance, return on assets, corporate visual identity, corporate image management, brand design management, visual hammer, corporate visual identity, emotional intelligence, conflict management styles, tailor-training program, social entrepreneurship, socio-cultural-economic systems, sustainable development, institutional economic theory, Schumpeter effect, refugee  effect, fourth industrial revolution, digital infrastructure, rural entrepreneurship, information technology, e-commerce boom, high-quality target audience, digital marketing, self-interaction matrix, unemployment, jobs in tourism, granger causality test, energy consumption, autoregressive distributed lag model, research inventory, research duplicity, electronic database, student-related issues, official cash rate, monetary policy, property market, macroeconomic variables, sustainable livelihoods, economic value, value benefit flora, carbon storage. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of business, management and economics.

  • Newest Updates in Physical Science Research Vol. 13

    This book covers key areas of physical science research. The contributions by the authors include artificial-intelligence, cognition theory, potential transmission, action potential, brain matrix, physical phenomena, atoms, system biology, biological network, toggle switch, stochasticity, special relativity, time dilation, length contraction, applied physics, cantor set, Lebesgue measure, iterated function system, Barnsley-Hutchison multifunction and Markov operator, renewable energy sources, fuel cells, isolated full bridge boost converter and controllers, steady state, Newtonian mechanics, observational studies, kinematics, physical phenomenon, inelastic collision, two-dimensional dynamics, carbon monoxide production and utilization by plants, tunable diode laser, gas analysis, plant microcosm, real-time monitoring, big bang theory, universe, cosmology, astrophysics, astronomy, redshift, high-resolution absorption spectra, near-infrared spectral region, tunable diode lasers, light-fidelity, wireless networks, data security. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of physical science research.

  • Pharmaceutical Research - Recent Advances and Trends Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of pharmaceutical research. The contributions by the authors include redeemer's natural antibiotics, herbal drug, minimal bactericidal concentration, minimal fungicidal concentration, hyphenated techniques, agilent technologies, triple quadrupole ICP-MS, octupole reaction system, quadrupole mass filter, proline-glutamine-asparagine-arginine metabolic axis, amino acid starvation cancer therapy, amino acid starvation therapy, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, glutaminase, ornithine aminotransferase, fisetin, anti-cancer activity, ultraviolet spectrophotometry, RP-HPLC methods, personalized medicine, drug delivery, nanomedicine, stimuli-responsive systems, poorly water-soluble drugs, polymer-drug conjugates, sun protection factor, minimal erythemal dose, solar ultra violet radiations, erythmogenic effect, panchavalkal, ayurvedic poly-herbal formulation, wound healing effects, Moringa oliefera, microbiome, microbial ecology, human-microbe interactions, human physiology, drug development, clinical trial application, chemistry manufacturing and controls phases, active pharmaceutical ingredient, lamivudine and zidovudine, infra-red spectroscopy method, generic combination products, nebivolol, \(\beta\)-blocking agents, coupling of nitric oxide synthase, atherosclerotic conditions, urinary excretion data, pharmacokinetic methods, metformin, urinary antiseptics, bosentan monohydrate, pulmonary arterial hypertension, endothelin receptor antagonists, drug-drug interactions. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of pharmaceutical research.

  • Current Topics on Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of mathematics and computer science. The contributions by the authors include Thomas equation, generalised tanh method, travelling wave hypothesis method, exact solution, solitary wave solution, mean graph, near-mean graph, direct product, Cartesian product, decomposition of graph, continuous monotonic decomposition, arithmetic decomposition, odd star decomposition, spZc –closed, strongly spZc-connected space, spZc-continuous, spZc-continuum, Lyness’ equations, periodic solution, Age-structured model, BLL- model, age-dependent harvesting, modified Leslie matrix, b-metric space, b2-metric space, weakly compatible, contractive conditions, computable real numbers, computable real functions, algebra of real functions, classification of real functions, extended rectangular B- metric spaces, almost alpha-Suzuki generalized rational type contraction conditions, alpha-Suzuki Ciric type contractions, common fixed points, transfinite cardinals, aleph zero, power set, twin prime conjecture, binary conversion, decimal conversion, decimal to binary conversion, digital system, binary system, Hankel-Schwartz transformation, bounded linear operator, generalized transformation, distributions, Bessel function, logistics modeling, estimation of plant equipment, assessing equipment capacity, optimization of plant layout, transport modeling, complete graphs, corona, graph operations, join, weakly connected dominating sets, weakly connected domination number, informal learning, E-learning, problem-based learning, social learning, cooperation, mentoring, degenerate transformation, discrete transitions, nonidentical and identical relations, non-integrable manifolds, skew-symmetric forms. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of mathematics and computer science.

  • Progress in Language, Literature and Education Research Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of language, literature and education. The contributions by the authors include conceptual metaphor theory, Shakespeare’s vision, sonnets, conventional metaphors, digital pedagogy, psychological wellbeing, remote education systems, e-learning, tribes, niti aayog, national overseas scholarship program, particularly vulnerable tribal groups, english formulaic expressions, arabic idioms, Sapir's hypothesis, educational leadership, research methodologies in education, era of globalisation, loss and bereavement, anthropological approaches, psychological theories, child's emotional and social development, teacherhood, graphic design, art education, cultural manifestations, professional image, dholuo anaphors, relevance theory, relevance comprehension procedure, reflexives, universal grammar, management education, b-schools, attrition, vocational education centers, apprenticeship training, adult education, educational opportunities. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of language, literature and education.

  • Challenges and Advances in Chemical Science Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of chemical science. The contributions by the authors include isotherms, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Treated Goat Hoof, animal waste, operating factors, heavy metals, adsorption, organic solar cell,, donor, acceptor, HOMO and LUMO orbitals, open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current density, fill factor, power output, absorption wavelengths, oscillator strength, maximum coefficient absorptions, UV-VIS spectrum, reverse direction MECC, hydrostatic injection, diffusion injection, effective mobility, alizarin red S retention, optimization, iron-loaded cellulose nanocomposite bead, isotherm, kinetics, recycling, electrical properties, dielectric properties, nano particles, carbon nanofibers, anti-cancer drug, drug deliverance, pyrolysis, diesel engine, Diesel fuel (DF), combustion, emission, allopathic drug, herbal drug, hoopoe, kidney stone, lithotripsy, methemoglobinemia, boreholes, cinnamoyl derivatives, chemiotaxonomy, hypolipidemic effect, hydrodistillation, antibacterial activity. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of chemical sciences

  • Plasmas Afterglows with N\(_2\) for Surface Treatments New Results

    It is presently reported new results to correct and to modify some parts of previous books Plasmas Afterglows with N2 for Surface Treatments, editions 1-3, published by Bookpi – editions in 2021,2022 and 2023.

    In a first chapter, these new results concern the production of plasma active species with N2 which contain dissociated atoms or radicals. They mainly introduce changes of the N+N+M(N2,Ar,He) recombination rates after the H-atoms density recently  measured by a Two Photon Laser Induced Fluorescence ( TALIF)  diagnostics in the Toulouse Laplace Lab. It follows changes of H and NH densities in the afterglows of N2 and Ar-N2 microwave discharges.

    In a second chapter, plasmas maintained by microwave fields were reconsidered from the previous Chapter 8 (Bookpi edition 1 - 2021) showing that they are due to surface waves. Several microwave plasmas sources are described from low pressure Ar plasmas: surfatron and surfaguide cavity up to atmospheric gas pressure Ar plasmas as TIA/TIAGO torches.

  • A Handbook on Geohelminths

    This book of Geohelminths (Soil-transmitted helminthiasis) is perhaps the most practical, covering the life-cycles, laboratory diagnosis, treatment and preventive methods. Ascaris lumbricoides, Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus and Trichuris trichiura constitute the major soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections. An additional species, less widely distributed and less restricted to soil-transmission, is Strongyloides stercoralis. Diseases due to these infections are recognized as a serious public health problem wherever suitable environmental conditions co-exist with poor sanitation and hygiene.

    This book has been prepared as handout for Medical Students, with special emphasis on soil-transmitted helminthiasis. The book aims to provide users a good practical knowledge on the common intestinal helminthic infections of man particularly those caused by the soil-transmitted group.

    It is believed that students will appreciate a book that presents the essential information in a readable, interesting, and varied format.

  • Current Patterns and Factors Associated with Infectious Diseases

    Infectious diseases have long been a challenge to human health, shaping societies, economies, and even the course of history. From the Black Death to the Spanish Flu, infectious outbreaks have left an indelible mark on humanity, reminding us of the fragility of our existence and the relentless adaptability of pathogens. In recent years, the landscape of infectious diseases has undergone significant shifts. Globalization, urbanization, climate change, antimicrobial resistance, and other factors have contributed to the emergence and re-emergence of infectious threats, posing formidable challenges to public health systems worldwide. This book, "Current Patterns and Factors Associated with Infectious Diseases," seeks to provide a comprehensive overview of the contemporary landscape of infectious diseases. It examines the multifaceted aspects influencing the emergence, transmission, and control of infectious agents in the modern world. From the microbial level to the global scale, this volume delves into the intricate web of factors contributing to the persistence and spread of infectious diseases.

    Drawing on the expertise of leading researchers and practitioners in the field, each chapter provides a comprehensive analysis of specific infectious diseases or thematic areas, offering insights into their epidemiology, pathogenesis, prevention, and control. From the relentless march of familiar foes like malaria, tuberculosis, and HIV/AIDS to the emergence of novel threats such as Zika virus and COVID-19, this book traverses the spectrum of infectious disease dynamics, unravelling their underlying patterns and drivers. Moreover, this book goes beyond the purely scientific inquiry, addressing the broader implications of infectious diseases on society, economy, and policy. It examines the disparities in disease burden within and between populations, the economic toll of outbreaks, and the ethical considerations surrounding disease control measures. Furthermore, it explores the role of innovation, technology, and global cooperation in mitigating the impact of infectious diseases and safeguarding public health in an interconnected world.

    As editor, I am grateful to the contributors who have shared their expertise and insights to make this book possible. It is our hope that this volume will serve as a valuable resource for students, researchers, policymakers, and practitioners engaged in the fight against infectious diseases, ultimately contributing to improved health outcomes and enhanced global well-being.

  • New Approaches in Engineering Research Vol. 10

    This book covers key areas of engineering research. The contributions by the authors include T-Section Cantilever Beam, MATLAB, vibrational analysis, finite element analysis, modes shapes, natural frequency, wavelet transform, hierarchical Tree, wavelet transform, heat-insulating dry construction mixtures, fillers, activity, thermal conductivity coefficient, packing density, few- layer grapheme, electron irradiation, subthreshold structural damage, charged puddles, bridge-like defect, artificial intelligence, patient experience, healthcare, health tech, predictive analytics, semiconducting nanoparticles, stokes' law, infrared radiation, kinetic method, indium tin oxide free electrode, transparent flexible electrode, dielectric/metal/dielectric multilayer structure, organic photovoltaic cells, intellectual property, innovation commercialization, industrialization, household waste, mechatronic design, robotics, urban automation, industrial robots, complementary robots, self-aware robots, robotics cloud, Monte Carlo Simulation, second order reliability method, Rice farm insurance scheme, pure premium, multimodal distribution, 4-parameter beta mixture distribution, fire-tube boiler, combustion, heat transfer, nucleate boiling, radiation, convection, dyslexia, superconducting anisotropy, scaling approach, single crystals, angular dependent resistivity. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of engineering research.

  • Medical Research and Its Applications Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of medical research. The contributions by the authors include transient zinc deficiency, acrodermatitis enteropathica, alopecia, long-term nutritional strategies, preterm birth, 17 alpha hydroxyprogesterone caproate, nifedipine, acute tocolysis, neonatal deaths, adrenomedullin system, melanoma, angiogenesis, tumor growth, matrigel plug bioassays, canine obesity, bariatric surgery, weight loss programme, sleeve gastrectomy, sushruta samhita, cadaveric dissection, immersive virtual reality, cadaveric skill labs, neurosurgery, cadaveric workshops, oral squamous cell carcinoma, human papillomavirus infection, tumor markers, erythroleukoplakia, incisional biopsy, TNM staging system, n-acetyl-glutamate synthase, urea cycle disorder, n-carbamylglutamate, carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase-1, anticancer treatment strategies, tumor-promoting inflammation, genetic stabilizers, cancer-immunity cycle, curcumin, p53 tumor suppressor gene, fine needle aspiration cytology, anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, multinucleated osteoclast-like giant cells, hurthle cell, cytological diagnosis, osteoclasts, spinal cord injury, blood-spinal cord barrier, therapeutic innovations, neural regeneration, tinnitus, mental fatigue, hearing loss, extended audio logical rehabilitation. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of medical research.

  • New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical research. The contributions by the authors include fingerprint pattern, ABO blood group, gender identification, blood pressure, exercise, sedentary lifestyle, waist-hip ratio, cardiovascular parameters, antibiotic assay, mitochondria, DNA damage, P53 tumor suppressor gene, lipid peroxide, cell perforation, cell rupture, oxidative phosphorylation, carcinogenesis, glycolysis, Warburg effect, microbiome, dysbiosis, immune suppression, pesticides, mechanism, clastogenic, epigenetic silencing, microRNA, haptonomy, parturient, psychodynamic interview, Psychological support, antigen, von willebrand factor, bleeding time, clotting time, multiple myeloma, epigenetics, DNA methylation, histone modification, histone acetylation, histone deacetylation, micro-RNA, cadaveric oath, doctor-patient relationship, silent teacher, anatomy teaching, cadaveric dissection, gonioscopy, acute respiratory distress syndrome, hyper infection, diabetes mellitus, SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19, angiotensin converting enzyme 2, hypotheses, skin complications, high sensitivity c-reactive protein, metabolic syndrome, obesity, inflammation, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, serology, sensitivity, antiCCP antibodies, tenderness, distension, maxillary molar distalization, anchorage, miniscrew, temporary anchorage devices, patient-physician relationship, paternalism, ante-natal seeking behaviour, analgesics, neuralgias, pregnancy. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical research.

  • Science and Technology - Recent Updates and Future Prospects Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of science and technology. The contributions by the authors include e-Pharmacy, online selling of scheduled drugs, e-pharmacy websites, drug abuse, electrochromic windows, sustainable building practices, smart materials, energy efficiency, 3D virtual patient, CAD/CAM technology, 3D facial scanning technique, treatment planning, cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, oat beta glucan, sensory evaluation, sustainable development of mining processes, combine knives, design quality, quality management system, human motion capture systems, biomechanical assessment platform, inertial biosensors, axis vector computation, motion tracking sensors, micro-electromechanical systems, remediation technology, extraction of plants oil, radioactive examination of soil, radioactive uranium, accessible transport, sustainable development goals, disability inclusive public transport, microgrid systems, resilient hybrid energy systems, energy poverty, life cycle analysis, microgrid’s carbon footprint, house price prediction, machine learning, dataset of real estate properties, wedge functions, convex quadrilateral element, quadrilateral discretization, degree-n approximation, exterior intersection point, wedge function, innovative routing algorithm, data security, internet protocol security measures, virtual private networks, advanced encryption standards algorithm. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of science and technology.

  • Newest Updates in Physical Science Research Vol. 11

    This book covers key areas of physical science research. The contributions by the authors include superionic conductor, molecular dynamics, ion distribution, electron, wave-particle duality, quantum, SM-field, low energy physics, quantization of space time, magnetic style perpendicular gravity field, anti-gravity, interaction of matter with dark matter, technological fields, integrated ultrasonic biosensors, respiratory failure, pathophysiology, biological tissue, Fisher Information, polymolecules, digital information, biological systems, ramifications, hierarchy, plasma model, non-equilibrium open system, projection operator, transport equation, entropy production, the second kind of fluctuation-dissipation theorem, diatomic molecules, classical chaos, quantum signature of classical chaos, Wigner distribution, Boltzmann-Shannon entropy, wave function, discreteness, time bifurcation, black hole, holographic principle, time quantum, macro-tunneling, bio-electromagnetic field, quantum interaction, metamaterial, microtubule, superluminal photon, quantum computation, super-radiant emission, bio-radiation, superstring theory, electromagnetism, random pointing errors, laser radar efficiency, scintillation index, Gaussian target, general relativity theory, gill’s electronic theory. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of physical science research.

  • Recent Updates in Disease and Health Research Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of disease and health research. The contributions by the authors include psychological mindedness training, physician empathy, quality psychiatric care, distress anxiety, tribal health, SWASTHYA gateway, ngos’ initiatives, economic regression, sickle cell day, disease transmission, entero-haemorrhagic escherichia coli, school children's food, primary intestine infections, sanitation, diabetic nephropathy, transforming growth factor beta-1, serum creatinine, vitamin D deficiency problem, renal protective effect of vitamin d, taoism, personal transformation, rituals, religious coping, auto polymerizing resin, restorative dentistry, partial dentures, micro-wave energy, flexural strength, basic life support, cardiac arrest, automated external defibrillator, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, nutrigenomics, epigenetic interaction, personalized nutrition, degenerative disorders, psychiatric disorders, geriatric, population aging, psychotropic medications, cognitive dysfunction, service quality and safety measurements, community pharmacies, Angolan legislation, Herpes Zoster, varicella zoster, post-herpetic neuralgia, sports psychology, cognitive skills training, athletic trainers, psychological practice, iron deficiency anemia, pandu, dhatri lauha, bibhitaki vatak, mean corpuscular volume, parasite load, intestinal parasites, Dobbel's iodine method, Ascaris lumbricoides, peasant farmers. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of disease and health research.

  • Challenges and Advances in Chemical Science Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of chemical science. The contributions by the authors include solution technique, characterization studies, unit cell dimensions, second harmonic generation efficiency, thiadiazolines, adsorption isotherm, anion-exchange resin, Cr(VI) ions, regeneration, removal, wastewater, fulvic acids, nickel hydroxofulvate complex, average stability constant, active associate, thermal runaway, battery, nickel–cadmium, exothermic reaction, hydrogen accumulation, Temkin’s isotherm, polarization, impedance, gold nanoparticles, green chemistry, Fourier transform, infrared, nano-phytomedicine, plant-based phytochemicals, novel drug delivery system, ternary complexes, DNA binding and cleavage study, coordination chemistry, atomic attractive reverberation, self-governing atomic orbital procedure, dislocation-impurities interaction, dragging impurities, dynamic aging, anomalies of plasticity. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of chemical science.

  • Recent Research Advances in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of arts and social studies. The contributions by the authors include play therapy, psychoanalysis, lack of training, children’s verbal efficacy, info-graphics, target different learning styles, technological barriers, VAXO technique, multimodal metaphors, verbal-visual interaction, editorial cartoons, social media platforms, Saudi editorial cartoons, socio-cultural phenomenon, tourism development, cultural identity, service quality, student satisfaction, customer expectations, product line purchases, loyalty, artificial intelligence, machine learning, non-linear adaptive systems, mechanical design, research and development approach, illegal evidence, exclusion of illegal evidence, constitutional rights, drug abuse, prosper model, drug addiction, socio-emotional and moral development, biopsychosocial journey, veteran identity, media-generated perceptions, social functioning. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of arts and social studies.

  • Challenging Issues on Environment and Earth Science Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of environment and earth science. The contributions by the authors include binding of protein, AFM Topography, IR Second derivative, copper deficiency, anatomy, hibiscus, morphology, micro-climate, urbanization, thermal comfort, Rayman model, fish diversity, aviation, environmental impact, noise pollution, emissions, environmental management, climate change, paleo-climatic condition, geological time, atmospheric variation, greenhouse effect, biomass, co-generation systems, distributed electricity generation, fuel cells, hotels, renewable energies, solar energy, wind energy, climate change, energy efficient hotel buildings, nano activated carbon, rice husk, adsorption isotherm, kinetic models, limnology, vulnerability, phytoplankton biomass, reforestation, syn-collisional granite, anthropogenic activities, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, degradation, ecological restoration, revegetation. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of environment and earth science.

  • Research Updates in Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of mathematics and computer science. The contributions by the authors include wireless communication, antenna array, beam steering, MIMO systems, mobile communication system, epidemics and unemployment, hazard rate function, time function, epidemic, service time hazard rate function, vector autoregression, granger causality, impulse response function, pass-through, macroeconomic variables, fiscal policies, bernstein inequalities, Erdös-Lax’s inequality, Bernstein-Markov-Nikolskii, q–analogue, quantum calculus, Taylor’s expansion, Peetre’s K-functional, media access control, data link layer, ISO-OSI reference model, unicast, broadcast, static ip assignment, diophantine equations, number theory, the catalan’s conjecture, non-negative integer’s solution, internet traffic dynamics, tele-traffic engineering, Anderson-Darling estimation method, n-flow traffic model, cumulative distribution function, poisson distribution, data lineage, data governance, data transparency, data life-cycle management, sustainable optimization, innovative practices of smart buildings, ai based deep learning techniques, long short-term memory, machine learning, Fermat’s last theorem, Minkowski spaces, discrete probability distributions, extended fermat vectors, cluster analysis, hierarchical clustering methods, dissimilarity matrix, factor rotation, intuitionistic fuzzy topological spaces, intuitionistic \(\beta\) B – open sets, finite intersection of intuitionistic-t, modeling imprecise information. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of mathematics and computer science.

  • Current Topics on Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of mathematics and computer science. The contributions by the authors include aerodynamic, jet flow, solid boundaries, waves, correlation, noise propagation, degree of a vertex in intuitionistic fuzzy graph, dm -degree and total dm -degree of a vertex in intuitionistic fuzzy graph, elliptic functions, singular modulus, Ramanujan, legendre functions, satellite terrestrial hybrid systems, multicast unicast relaying, large-scale real-time video distribution on the internet, autocatalytic biochemical system, recycling enzyme, implicit method, finite-difference method, hard excitation, birhythmicity, Bernstein polynomial, integro differential equation, galerkin method, volterra’s population model, semantic invariance, transitivity, symmetry, reflexivity, reversibility, 3D Analytic Geometry, three-step iteration scheme, strong convergence, Z-operators, Prestarlike functions, Universally Prestarlike functions of complex order, Fekete-Szegö inequality, fractional derivative, power series distributions, lifetime, distribution of the maximum and minimum, Poisson limit theorem, maximum likelihood estimation, Chlamydia trachomatis, sexually transmitted diseases, Ad-hoc networks, cloud-based services, application and network performance visibility, monitoring and optimization for cloud services, wireless networks, Rough set theory, Hierarchy process, TOPSIS, Multi criteria decision making, supply chain management. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of mathematics and computer science.

  • Innovations in Biological Science Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of biological science. The contributions by the authors include glutathione-s-transferase, protein purification, recombinant protein expression, GST-tag affinity chromatography, PGEX/PET vectors, oscillatoriales, cyanobacteria, physiological flexibility, bluegreen algae, hydrocarbon contaminated waterbodies, gossypol, protein-gossypol bondsm, low dry matter degradation, enzyme activities, transverse section, transvers longitudinal section, radial longitudinal section, pharmacological examinations, biosphere reserve, Anura, topographical features, species nomenclature, germination, inflorescence, juvenile stage, phyllotaxy, acute respiratory distress syndrome, hypoxemia, lung injury, inflammation, sepsis, antioxidant and antibacterial activities, total phenolic content, flavonoids content, DPPH radical-scavenging activity, superoxide radical-scavenging activity, SSR markers, restriction fragment length polymorphism, molecular diversity, crop pollination, pyrethroid based mosquito vaporisers, personal protective measure, turmeric, curcumin, phyto-chemical component, electrophoretic banding patterns, esterase isozymes, malathion, gill, liver, and brain tissues of the freshwater fish, protein digestibility capability, nutrient digestibility, feed ingredients, siphoning, dietary marker. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of biological science.

  • Emerging Challenges in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of agriculture and food science. The contributions by the authors include hygiene, dairy, disinfection, disinfectant, microorganisms, food contamination, foodborne diseases, microbiology, hygienic safety, serpentine soil, heavy metal, citric acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, oxalic acid food security, liquid concentration, progressive freeze concentration, coconut water, partial ice melting, melons seeds, proximate compositions, fermentation, flavouring, fermentation, microbial load, nutritional food, under-nutrition, junk food, food supply, oyster, mussel, mineral concentration, noroviruses, chicken pepsin, proventriculus, coagulant activity, vacuum drying, conservation, organic compound, beer production, hydrous solution. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of agriculture and food science.

  • Research Perspectives of Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of microbiology and biotechnology. The contributions by the authors include meat starter cultures, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, kocuria, catalase-positive cocci, aromatic hydrocarbons, antimicrobial activity, surface mycoflora, protective cultures, quick-dry-slice process, scanning electron microscopy, operculum suture, backscattered electrons, polaron critical point dry, morphometric examination, plerocercoid larvae, antibiotics, emitted hydrogen, hydrogen sensor techniques, tick-borne lyme disease, volatile organic compounds, dermatophytosis, skin infections, keratophilic fungi, trichophyton, multidrug and methicillin resistant, methicin resistant staphylococcus aureus, clindamycin  therapy, antimicrobial properties, homo fermenting lactic acid bacteria, antibiotic susceptibility, back slopping,  anaerobe aero-tolerant microorganisms, foodborne pathogens, minimally processed foods, hazard analysis critical control points, foodborne outbreaks, pathogenic microorganisms, anthropozoonoses, dark field microscopy, leptospirosis, pyrexia, single nucleotide polymorphisms, atp-binding cassette transporter g2, missense, polymorphism, birch and hazel allergens, allergy treatment, diverse pathogenic threats, allergic hypersensitivity, protein-peptide docking. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of microbiology and biotechnology.

  • Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 11

    This book covers key areas of pharmaceutical research. The contributions by the authors include guaifenesin, stability indicating method, RP-HPLC, analytical method validation, trace elements,   antioxidant, antibacterial properties, Ayurvedic medicinal plants, analytical methods, compounding, high performance liquid chromatography quality control, taxanes, therapeutic drug monitoring, problem based learning, pharmacovigilance, clinical trial, medical science, COVID19, fever pandemic respiratory syndrome, kidney disease, gastrointestinal illnesses, antibody, bioflexi film, risperidone, diabetes mellitus, toxicity, autism, drug utilization studies, WHO prescribing indicators, essential drugs, pyridine, base, azetidinones, pyrazinamide, streptomycin, ciprofloxacin, anti-tubercular activity, antibacterial activity, antiulcer activity, peptic ulcer, neutropenic enterocolitis, amoxicillin, blood culture, visual afterimage, eye movements, field constancy mechanisms, space reference points, proprioceptive signals, finger-nose test, visual illusions. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of pharmaceutical research.

  • Climatic Trends and its Impacts on Agricultural Production in Chhattisgarh, India

    This book serves as a comprehensive introduction to climate science, accommodating to policymakers, government and students for a better understanding towards state-level climate and agriculture scenarios. The approach is quantitative, and depend on graphical representations and numerical data. However, it requires only a minimal level of statistical proficiency.

    The issues of climate change are a subject that needs discussion. News and opinion articles on the topic are available daily. Nevertheless, it is important to note that not all information can be considered reliable, as numerous articles are influenced by political perspectives and ideological biases. Due to the dissemination of inaccurate information, there is a notable disparity between the perspectives of the general public and climate scientists, leading to confusion among the previous. This conclusion is drawn from my observations in scientific literature and reliable data. I have authored this book to enhance public knowledge on this subject matter. My objective is to understand the climatic trends and climatic patterns of Chhattisgarh and to assess the impacts of climate change in Chhattisgarh with special reference to the agriculture sector.

    It explores the patterns of weather and climate in Chhattisgarh with monthly and seasonal overview of the state climate system. the book provides a summarized understanding of the relationship between climatic patterns and agricultural productivity. Chapter-wise explained introduction of the theoretical principles and review methodology and result and discussion and conclusion. This assessment report is based on peer-reviewed scientific publications, analyses of long term observed climate records. This book is the first ever climate report for the state from IMD, Regional center for climate research Pune and other research led reports.

  • New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical research. The contributions by the authors include nutritional awareness, clinical practices, varicose veins, endovenous laser therapy, foam sclerotherapy,  P-53 Gene, apoptosis, fluorescence in situ hybridization, phosphatase-tensin homolog, tumor necrosis factor receptor, antigen presenting cells, malignant lesion, diagnosis, neuroendocrine neoplasm, esophagus, neuroendocrine carcinomas, immunohistochemistry, cellulitis, pseudomonas cellulitis, pseudomonas infection, limb infection, calciphylaxis, calcific uremic arteriolopathy, vascular calcification, primary hyperparathyroidism, parathyroidectomy, morbidity, hollow ocular prosthesis, custom ocular prosthesis, enucleation, artificial eye, ocular prosthesis, soap spacer, muscular dystrophy, physiotherapy, excisional wound, wound contraction, epithelization, spontaneous perforation, Gallbladder, acalculus cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, biliary peritonitis, diabetes, immunocompromised, lipid profile, serum electrolytes, essential hypertension, primary angiitis of central nervous system, transmural inflammation, immuno suppression, mycophenolate mofetil, TNF alpha blockers, biopsy, needle phobia, medical students, gender, finger pricking pain, haematology, heart failure, BNP levels, preserved & reduced ejection fraction, sleep deprivation, day time sleepiness, epworth sleepiness score, psoriasis acral pustulosis, arthritis, therapeutic approaches, haemostasis, pharmaco mechanical triad, drug, cervical shutter, sudden cardiac death, athletes, exercise, cardiac arrhythmias. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical research.

  • Research Advances in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of environment, geography and earth science. The contributions by the authors include water scarcity, water wives, ecofeminism, commodification and dehumanization, sexual violence, rossby waves, quasi-stationary wave, total ozone column, quasi-biannual oscillation, urbanization, human-wildlife conflicts, biodiversity conservation, environmental education, estuarine ecosystem, climate stressors evaluation, ecosystem health indexes, geomorphology, sea level rise, remote sensed data, belowground biomass, prediction errors, aboveground biomass, mangrove forests, drip irrigation system, uniformity coefficient, soil moisture content, carbon dioxide removal, world population growth, ice core record, COVID-19 pandemic, solid waste management, atmospheric pollution, biodegradable wastes. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of environment, geography and earth science.

  • Newest Updates in Physical Science Research Vol. 14

    This book covers key areas of physical science research. The contributions by the authors include dark energy, dark matter, PLANCK time, age of the universe, cosmic information, thermodynamics, astrophysics, cosmogony, cosmology, mathematical continuum, axiomatics, dielectric permeability, Van-der-Waals equation, Berthelot equation, generalized Van-der-Waals-Berthelot equation, evaporation curve, ratios of the phase-space areas and their invariance, planets and satellites, Bohr-Sommerfeld atomic theory, molecular absorption spectra, interference of absorption bands, middle and near-IR spectral region, the HITRAN2006 database, absorption bands, cluster radioactivity, neutron halo, neutrinos, gauge force, dark energy, elementary particles, aspin bubbles, anharmonic waves, positon, selfpropelled tons, electric forces, gravity, miniature mass spectrometers, harsh environment MS, microfabrication, gas analysis, environmental monitoring, diffusion, conversion, mechanical investigation. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of physical science research.

  • Corrosion in Concrete: Understanding the Corrosion of Reinforced and Pre-stressed Concrete Structures

    Welcome to "Corrosion in Concrete Structures: Understanding the Corrosion of Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete Structures," a comprehensive exploration of the intricate world of concrete degradation and its impact on structural integrity. In the following pages, I delve into the multifaceted aspects of corrosion, unraveling its mechanisms, consequences, and mitigation strategies.

    This book is a testament to the profound significance of concrete as a fundamental building material and the challenges posed by the relentless forces of corrosion. My aim is to provide a clear and accessible resource that equips researchers, students, engineers, and professionals with the knowledge necessary to comprehend, prevent, and address corrosion-related issues in concrete structures.

    "Corrosion in Concrete Structures: Understanding the Corrosion of Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete Structures" is a product of collaboration and dedication from a myriad of experts in the field. Each chapter offers insights into specific facets of corrosion, encompassing topics such as cracking due to corrosion, laboratory tests, repairing and retrofitting and service life evaluation. Through meticulous research and practical insights, I aim to empower readers to make informed decisions when it comes to the design, construction, maintenance, and rehabilitation of concrete structures.

    I extend my heartfelt gratitude to all those who have contributed their expertise and passion to the creation of this book. It is my sincere hope that this work will not only serve as a reference but also inspire further exploration and innovation in the realm of concrete corrosion.

  • New Visions in Biological Science Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of biological science. The contributions by the authors include GC-MS analysis, medicinal plants, nutritional evaluation, proximate composition, fodder value, hematopoietic stem cells, lymphocytes, specific reproductive activity, resource of lymphopoiesis, lung cancer therapy, liver transplantation, death rate, trophic guilds, bird diversity, denatured rock, phosphate and potassium solubilization, weathered materials, non-Saccharomyces yeast strains, oil spillage, 16SrRNA, oil degradation, biosurfactant, GC-MS, petroleum, hydrocarbons, Alzheimer's disease, neurotoxic metal, histopathological studies, animal model, evolution biology, DNA molecules, mass extinctions, histogenesis, gestational period, pancreas, serous acini, islets of Langerhans, microanatomy, ducts, alpha fetoprotein, soil nutrient, nutrient uptake, split application, subclavian artery, cervical vertebrae, foramina transversaria, brachial artery, profunda brachii artery, zooplankton, biological indicator, water quality, neocortex multilayer neural networks, mangroves, phytochemicals. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of biological science.

  • Research Advances and Challenges in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of agricultural sciences. The contributions by the authors include chilli cultivation, gene effects, gene interaction additive, diallel selective mating system, rubber leaf litter vermicompost, soil fertility, earthworm population, nutrient-dense substrate, latex flow, physiological profile, low tapping panel, radial vegetative growth, tapping panel dryness, seed priming, quality seed, optimal seed germination, hydro-priming, nano priming, inter-seasonal effects, food insecurity, physiological maturity, vegetable production, probit model, vulnerability to climate change, extreme weather events, upland rice, plant genetics, rice cultivation area, Trichoderma secrets, chemical pesticides, nutrient and space competition, plant health management, bioagents, climate-smart cropping, conservation agriculture, cropping combinations, soil amendments, smallholder farming practice, characterization of hazelnut, biochemical composition, leaf phenology parameter, bud setting phenology, mineral nutrient, land configurations and spacing, yield losses, flat bed with crop compaction, dry matter accumulation, poultry farming, hierarchical interrelationships, animal feed manufacturers, interpretive structural modeling. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the field of agricultural sciences.

  • Modern Perspectives in Language, Literature and Education Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of language, literature and education. The contributions by the authors include building tasks, discourse analysis, identity, ideology, relationship politics, blended learning, inverted classroom, lecture films, material science, program evaluation, Kirkpatrick model, teacher education, Islamic education, teacher performance, teaching material, introductory course, intertextuality, mythological intertextuality, emergence of intertextuality, Babylonian myth, Gilgamesh epic and Saadi Yousef’s model of intertextuality, theory of Howard Gardner, learning process, budget, state revenue, special education and second language education, grammaticalization, diachronic evolution, second language pedagogy, Saudi Pidgin Arabic, Gulf Arabic Pidgin, sociolinguistics, linguistic analysis,  mathematical concepts, higher-order thinking, interdisciplinary models, skills, teaching-learning, outcome based education, contingency table approaches, differential item functioning, differential item functioning analysis, item bias, teacher role, economics and business administration, foreign Language. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of language, literature and education.

  • Research Advances and Challenges in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of agricultural sciences. The contributions by the authors include crop production, climate change challenges, socio-economic characteristics, food sufficiency, genetic variation, heritability, polymorphism, molecular profiling of mutants, forest fire, soil organic matter, nutrients, water repellency, post fire management, tillage methods, agro morphology, soil granulometric fraction, microbial community changes, walkley-black method, natural chemical fertility, simple agroforestry systems, mixed agroforestry systems, physico-chemical results, floristic diversity, polyethylene glycol (peg-6000), drought stress, radicle and plumule length, germination of upland rice, watershed programme, socioeconomic circumstances and crop productivity, increase the income of the village community, organic manures, cucurbits, azotobacter, biofertilizers, organic manures, internodal distance, chlorophyll index, vermicompost, enzymatic kinetics, polyphenoloxidase, Michaelis-Menten constant, maximum reaction speed, integrated pest management, technology communication, machine learning, farmers field school, carbon nanotubes, plant growth regulation, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, nano-torus particles, nano-photonics applications. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the field of agricultural sciences.

  • New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical research. The contributions by the authors include distal radius fracture, volar locking plate, complications, apocynin, myocardial ischemia/ reperfusion, hind limb ischemia/reperfusion, nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide, leukocyte superoxide release, inflammasome, immunity, inflammation, periodontitis, cytokines, receptors, transcription, translation, melanin, age-related macular degeneration, breast cancer, cancer-related pain, complementary medicine, mindfulness, plasmacytoma, gammopathy, nonosseous, multiple myeloma, amyloidosis, meningitis, cerebrospinal fluid, microbiological examination, ocular hypertension, glaucoma, optic disc, intraocular pressure, radiation, millisievert, microsievert, radiation dose, chest X-Ray examination, facial height, Bizygomatic width, analgesia, laparoscopic surgery, cardiac surgery, internal jugular, pulmonary artery, off-pump coronary artery bypass, anesthetic implications, Corona-virus, lockdown, depression, aggression, mental health, public health, congenital penile epidermal cyst, penoplasty, benign tumors, foetal development, laparoscopic CRC surgery, open CRC surgery, lymph node yield and oncological relevance, preterm delivery, perinatal morbidity, perinatal mortality, neonatal deaths, varicocele, infertility, oligospermia, adolescence, spermatogenesis. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical research.

  • Current Approaches in Engineering Research and Technology Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of engineering research and technology. The contributions by the authors include vibration monitoring system, electrical energy production, rotating machines, shock pulse method, internal combustion engine, automotive application, NOX reduction methods, fuel emissions, flow assurance and hydrate control, floating production storage and offloading vessels, polar thermodynamic inhibitors, mono-ethylene glycol, hydrate mitigation, controlling welding fumes, computational fluid dynamics simulations, manual metal arc welding, transition duct, mobile ad hoc network, queue management node, combinational buffer management, quality of service, global synchronization, telecommunication technologies, bit-error-rate, digital signal processing, green communications, high blocking voltage, bipolar junction transistors, doping concentration, breakdown voltages, silicon carbide, zinc oxide nanoparticles, surface modification of metal oxides, functionalities of polymer arrays. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the field engineering research and technology.

  • Challenging Issues on Environment and Earth Science Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of environment and earth science. The contributions by the authors include methane gas hydrate, phase equilibrium, hydrate formation, hydrate reservoir, inhibitors, promoters, sustainability, resilience, circular economy, product philanthropy, corporate social responsibility, pollution,  heavy metal accumulation, atomic absorption spectrometry, bioaccumulation, marine fishes, coastal water pollution, climate change, atmospheric SO2, volcanic effects, effluent, phytoremediation, antecedent rainfall, unsaturated Slope, pore-water pressure, soil properties, forest cover, canopy losses, urbanization, national forest policy, urbanization, radius and age of the universe, high redshift galaxies, shape of the Earth, surface gravity of the Earth, tilt, precession and nutation of the rotation axis of the Earth, Earth’s orbital motion, topography of the Earth, general relativity, Euclidean geometry, coastal lagoon, diversity, dominance, zoogeographic affinity, Simpson’s index, Shannon-Weaver index, microbial water quality, faecal contamination, basin rainfall Suquia, time series, series of rainfall, ARMA model, weighted arithmetic index, water quality index. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of environment and earth science.

  • Current Research Progress in Physical Science Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of physical science. The contributions by the authors include semiconductor nanoparticles, cadmium zinc sulfide, optical band gap energy, UV-visible spectroscopy, generator graphs, trivial cyclic group, cyclic graph, fuzzy generator graph, magnetic monopole charge, symmetric Maxwell’s equation, dark energy and quantum mechanical uncertainty, neutron beta decay process, ceria-based materials, Sr2+ addition, micro structural properties, intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell application, samarium doped ceria, Raman analysis, geopolitical shifts in space exploration, space competition rationale and trends, international space policies, new international alignments, force of attraction, Newton's law of gravitation, age of celestial bodies, density of space, quantum mechanics, unitless physics, fundamental particle communication, big bang, angular momentum conservation, quaternionic formulation, Bekenstein-Sanders Guage Field, dark matter, TeVeS theory, quantum chromodynamics, parton recombination phenomena, Gribov-Levin-Ryskin, parton distribution functions, radiation dose dynamics, radiation safety, technetium-99m, room identification number, standard model of particle physics, quark particles, composite particle, electromagnetic waves, ground heat flux, net radiation, soil temperature, thermal molecular conductivity, p-type multi-crystalline PERC silicon solar cells, light- and elevated temperature-induced degradation, fill factor, open-circuit voltage, biased annealing process. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the field physical science.

  • Selected Topics in Humanities and Social Sciences Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of humanities and social sciences. The contributions by the authors include generic green skill, tessellation, creativity, regular polygon, motif, innovation technology, collectivist culture, context sensitivity, disabling contexts, enabling contexts, individualist culture, GLOBE study, Singapore studio Era, social cultural criticism, World council of churches, ecumenical disability advocates network, un convention on the rights of people with disabilities and sustainable development goals, world health organization, disability justice, inclusion, liberation, problem-based learning, focus group, macroeconomics, online education, face to face education, insurance sales, transformation, consumption basket for a decent living, multi-type maltreatment, externalizing behavior, internalizing behavior, social support, factors affecting mental health, well-being assessment, reinforcement, scaffolding, stress. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of humanities and social sciences.

  • New Visions in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical science. The contributions by the authors include motor/social disabilities, medtech platform, digital community, patient card, electronic medical prescription, sexually transmitted diseases, instruction for use, diagnostic error, multidetector computed tomography, congenital coronary artery variants, right sinus of valsalva, Fallot’s tetralogy, virtual angioscopy, internet sex addiction, body dysmorphic disorder, sexual addiction screening-test-revised, virtual sex, internet relay chat, sexual role-playing games, thalassemia major, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, HLA-matched sibling, haploidentical donor, identical twin, air filtration system replacement, infertility, in vitro fertilization, poor air quality, volatile organic compounds, cancer treatment, multimodal oncology, avoiding immune destruction, tumor-promoting inflammation, cytotoxic agents, radiation therapy, methylation, deregulating cellular energetics, insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor, hepatocellular carcinoma, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatitis b virus, multi-drug resistance formation, insulin-like growth factor binding proteins, p-glycoprotein. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the field medicine and medical science.

  • The Basis of Teaching and Learning Foreign Languages in Higher Schools of Kazakhstan

    This book dealt with Basis of Teaching and Learning Foreign Languages in Higher Schools of Kazakhstan. This book provides a new perspective on the teaching and learning English for students of non-linguistic departments. The contributions by the authors include educational process, Active methods in teaching and learning languages, trilingual education, multilingual education, historical and cultural aspects, globalization, interactive telecommunication. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians.

  • Contemporary Research in Business, Management and Economics Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of business, management and economics. The contributions by the authors include banking channel, ISM methodology, hierarchical inter-relationships, banking service optimization, loan management, exchange traded funds, bank loan optimization, portfolio optimization, Archimedean goal programming, broad-based black economic empowerment, preferential procurement policy framework act, fundamental human right, social justice, exchange rate volatility, garch models, volatility clustering, domestic economy, currency behaviour, customer repeated purchase, consumer satisfaction, word-of-mouth, agriculture credit, regional rural banks, small-scale operators, lockdown, public relations, entrepreneurship, corporate social responsibility, covid-19 control, green HRM practices, organizational citizenship behavior towards environment, green recruitment, green training, generation z, changing workplace landscape, flexible work schedules, collaborative leadership, work-life balance, inflation, GDP deflator, high value agriculture product, price trend analysis, barriers faced by tea and coffee industry, trade restrictions, political factors, interpretive structural modeling, green finance, credit risk, debt capital markets, sustainable finance. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the field business, management and economics.

  • Current Aspects in Pharmaceutical Research and Development Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of Pharmaceutical Research and Development. The contributions by the authors include Acne vulgaris, allopathy, hyperkeratinizations, pilosebaceous gland, hyperseborrhoea and propionibacterium, Hypertension, cardiovascular disorders, red raspberry, cranberry, anthocyanins, ellagitannins, bioactive compounds, Erythrina variegate, MDA-MB-231, cytotoxicity, apoptosis, Rutin, cytotoxicity , High-Resolution Liquid chromatography Mass Spectrometry (HRLCMS), Cinnamomum Tamala and Spilanthes Acmella extract, antimicrobial evaluation, Phytochemical screening, lozenges, evaluation parameter, Heavy Metals, PAHs, Risk Assessment, Soft Drink, target hazard quotient (THQ), incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR), Lutein, ciprofloxacin, total RBCs count and total WBCs count, GABA  receptor, neuron disorders, abuse of alcohol, chronic effects of alcohol, benzodiazepines, ligand-gated ion channels (LGICs), Fexofenadine hydrochloride, montelukast sodium, HPLC, validation, simultaneous estimation, ICH guidelines, Multiple illnesses, drug reactions, remedial measures, Geriatrics, Visual illusions, rich afterimage illusion, eye movements, visual field constantcy, gaze direction, spatial vision, eye position, residual illusion, head tilt, proprioceptive signals, static retinal image, MRP2, miRNA133a, cyclosporine nephrotoxicity, proteinuric disease, FSGS, ET-BR ko-/-rats, Prostaglandins, arachidonic acid, differentiation inducers, differentiation therapy, wound healing, progenitor stem cells, chemo-surveillance. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Pharmaceutical Research and Development.

  • Medical Research and Its Applications Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of medical research. The contributions by the authors include facial teratoma, chorioamniotitis, monodermal teratoma, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly, neonatal death, nonsurgical root canal treatment, apical periodontitis, periapical radiolucent lesion, fistula, periapical periodontitis, electroencephalogram, brain-computer interface, encephalitis, brain tumors, brain waves, pharyngeal foreign body, cutaneous migration, left antero-lateral cervical swelling, fishbone, cervico-thoracic radiography, extra luminal migration, cervicotomy, urinary tract infection, lactobacillus, probiotics, premenopausal females, menopause, influenza, rapid influenza diagnostic testing, antivirals, national ambulatory medical care survey, antibiotic resistance, human immunodeficiency virus, engineering college students, knowledge and attitude, angular dermoid cysts, superotemporal quadrant, superior eyelid crease incision, orbital tumours, non-contrast computed tomography, haemophilia, x chromosome linked disorder, multidisciplinary treatment, plasma transfusions, paediatric malignant tumors, renal cell carcinoma, diagnostic efficacy, wilms tumour, magnetic resonance imaging, nephroblastic and cystic tumors, fine-needle aspiration cytology, breast cancer biomarkers, progesterone receptor, estrogen receptor, immunocytochemistry, metastatic breast cancer, gestational surrogacy, microchimerism, genetic fingerprinting of the leukemic cells, bioethical dilemma, endotracheal tube cuff inflation, tracheal arterial capillary, endotracheal tube, visual analog scale, sealing pressure, probiotics, acute watery diarrhoea, serum immunoglobulin, rotavirus, antibiotic resistance, diabetic nephropathy, lipid nanoparticle, anti-diabetic medications, drug delivery, extra cellular matrix. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the field medical research.

  • Modern Perspectives in Economics, Business and Management Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of economics, business and management. The contributions by the authors include balanced budget, multiplier, fiscal policy, disposable income, marginal propensity to consume, permanent income hypothesis, steady state consumption, steady state growth rates, stylized facts, corporate governance intelligence, minority shareholders rights, corporate governance, financial and economic security system, corporate strategic intelligence, COP21 process, Implementation theory, management, reneging, de-carbonisation, energy-environment conundrum, international financial standards education, staggered wage model, time-consistent steady inflation, discounting, micro foundation, benchmark model, external debt, critical political risk, financial crisis, capital structure, entrepreneurial perspective, telecommunication base station, health risk, property values, residents’ perceptions, chi-square test, central banking, financial crises, inflation targeting, great recession, online shopping, customer satisfaction, cognitive game theory, recession, economic crisis, consumers’ behaviour, consumers’ spending, governments’ bailout plans, expansionary fiscal policy, government decision making, government policy analysis, public policy analysis, international and Arab organizations, food supply chains, digitalization, organizational leadership, stress coping mechanisms and work life balance, consumer behavior, differentiation strategy, embodied cognition, behavioral experience. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of economics, business and management.

  • Chemical and Materials Sciences - Developments and Innovations Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of chemical and materials sciences. The contributions by the authors include aluminium nitride, moly-manganese process, scratch test, co-efficient of friction, liposomes, ultrasonic technology, small and large unilamellar vesicles, horn sonication, electrochemical method of dyeing, direct boardeux BW, direct sky-blue FB, voltametric redox behaviour, Mulliken atomic population, molecular electrostatic potential, piperidones, molecular docking, density functional theory, Zr-based metal–organic frameworks, fire protection, cotton fabric, DOPO, steel corrosion protection, bio based polymers and polyesters, anticorrosion, polymerization, chromium-containing compounds, calcium doping, photocatalytic degradation efficiency, LaMnO3, methylene blue, toxic dye wastewater, photocatalytic degradation, surface plasmon resonance, amorphous chalcogenide, GaP prisms, amorphous chalcogenide materials, surface plasmon polariton, Abeles’s 2 × 2 matrix approach, Kretschmann configuration, E.coli bacteria detection, Synthetic organic polymers, chloromethanes, elastomers, thermoplastic elastomer, interpenetrating polymer networks. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the field chemical and materials sciences.

  • Nerve to Iliacus: Microanatomy and Its Clinical Significance

    Nerves to iliacus, branches of femoral nerve including cranial part of femoral nerve innervate iliacus/iliopsoas muscles. Iliacus/iliopsoas muscles are responsible for flexing the thigh and forward tilting of the pelvis, body posture, Olympic lifts, daily activities like walking and running. Injury to nerves to iliacus/femoral nerve thereby lesions to nerve fibers/fascicles causes impairment of these functions culminating in malfunctions of lower limbs. Functions of these muscles can be restored by repairing/regenerating and or grafting the fascicles/nerve fibers therefore not only identification and isolation of injured fascicles with their pathways but also location of injury and its relation to the affected area are crucial for diagnosis and neurosurgical treatment. No literature is available describing microanatomy of nerves to iliacus. Hence the study has been carried out. Thus, aim of study is to explore the microanatomy of these neural structures in nerves to iliacus through histological technique. This knowledge of microanatomy of nerve to iliacus will be of paramount importance to neurosurgeons in repairing these nerves.

  • Research Updates in Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of mathematics and computer science. The contributions by the authors include digital mindfulness, sensible technology, digital habits, digital detox, simplex method, linear programming, linear constraints, basic feasible solution, lie’s infinitesimal continuous parameter, Yang-Mills field equations, ansatz; gauge theory, infinitesimal continuous similarity transformation, maximum allowable proportion defective, probability of allowable risk, operating characteristic, acceptable quality level, probability of remaining risk, topological graph theory, low-distortion metric, graph cut, sparsest cut problem, parallel-series graphs, IoT-based networks, machine learning-based intrusion detection system, intrusion detection system, cybersecurity, machine learning, congestion, WSN performance, energy-proficient directing convention, network lifetime, learning style, student’s performance prediction, Felder Silverman learning style model, e-learning, Schrodinger Wave Equation, finite difference, Dirichlet boundary conditions, Von Neumann. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the field mathematics and computer science.

  • Fusion Materials I: Book of Abstracts

    Harnessing of terra watts of energy in fusion process has gained utmost importance in today’s scientific community. Various efforts to understand the nature of plasma, interaction in it, its containment and design of equipment and machinery which can successfully accomplish this objective in reality is an area of high focus of research. Materials which are used in making different parts of reactor such as first wall, breeder, limiter, diverter, back plate also constitute an important segment of research. A lot understanding is still required about how to make, join, integrate, assemble and operate them in such a way a successful controlled fusion may be achieved. This symposium is aimed to address this gap. Studies fundamentally addressing structure of material and how it plays a part in controlling its properties when exposed to high heat, heat flux and temperature of plasma in a fusion reactor are presented. Aim is to develop a material which will not only be optimal but economical and successfully address all materials degradation problems when it’s exposed to fusion conditions. With these scientific studies, from the platform of Eastern Engineering Solutions Inc, we remain.

  • Science and Technology - Recent Updates and Future Prospects Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of science and technology. The contributions by the authors include mitigation measures, solar photovoltaic system performance, bird droppings, particle-weighing forces, interactive data language, mean pixel value, inflammation projection ratio, image processing in Y-camera scintigraphy, kurtosis, traffic congestion, raised pedestrian crossing, choker, free movement traffic, sustainable energy, civilization, fission breeding, integral fast reactor, fusion breeding, augmented reality, virtual history, human-computer interaction, fort ontario, lab on chip, microfluidics, manipulation of fluids, point-of-care diagnostics, micro total analysis systems, nanoemulsions, cyber-physical production systems, operational technologies, information technologies, supervisory control and data acquisition, industry 4.0, human-machine interface, smart grid, electricity domestic consumption, solar power plant. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the field science and technology.

  • The “Magic” Zeolites

    Zeolite minerals play a significant role in many fields of industry, practice, and health protection. Therefore, it is of great importance to study their features and properties.

    Because of their specific structure, zeolites – natural and modified, are excellent absorbents. They can work at the cellular level by trapping heavy metals and toxins, particularly lead (Pb), and safely removing them from the body. If lead enters in the organism per os, zeolite substances are able to absorb Pb in the gastrointestinal tract and thus to confine its concentration in the blood.

    Clinoptilolite, a mineral from the Zeolite group, is known as one of the most excellent toxin absorbents.

    In this book the changes of genetic and physiological characteristics of experimental animals intoxicated with Pb and supplemented with clinoptilolite are presented.

    Lead was used in a 90-day ecotoxicological experiment. A clinoptilolite sorbent, prepared on the base of natural Bulgarian zeolite, was applied as an antidote. The diminishing of lead concentrations in the body and organs of the experimental animals significantly improved the animal state, determined by the chromosome aberrations, mitotic index, erythrocyte morphology, erythropoesis, and body weight. The dietary inclusion of the sorbent reduced the lead concentrations in the Pb-exposed and clinoptilolite-supplemented mice by 84%, 89%, 91%, 77%, and 88% in carcass, liver, kidneys, bones and feces, respectively.

    In such studies it is important to make quantitative analyses with a view to establish the development of the animal state and determine some genetic and physiological characteristics of the exposed and treated animals. For that reason we constructed a mathematical model for the change with the time of the mitotic index, during the experiment. For the first time such a model was elaborated.

    On the base of the model the coefficient of Pb absorption by gastrointestinal mucosa in the supplemented mice was found: \(\eta\) = 3.53% (versus \(\eta\) = 15% in non-supplemented ones). It shows that the animals’ recovery goes in parallel with the Pb bioaccumulation, and the susceptibility of the mouse’s organism to Pb load decreases, while the recovery rate of the genetic apparatus increases with time.

    The book will be useful for scientist, lectures, teachers, students, and for a wide audience of readers.

  • Recent Updates in Disease and Health Research Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of disease and health research. The contributions by the authors include covid-19, public health infrastructure, nonpharmaceutical interventions, health workforce management, hernia, inguinal herniorrhaphy, laparoscopic surgery, Gross and Ferguson’s approach, Mitchell-bank method, distinct motor skills, basal ganglia, habitual behaviour, motor, non-motor and psychiatric disorders, ebolavirus, hemorrhagic fever, non-human primates, virus transmission, vesiculovirus based vaccine, dementia, supporter activity, japan's dementia measures, physiologic insulin resensitization, type 2 diabetes mellitus, diabetic complications, chronic kidney disease, cholestatic bradycardia, cholestatic jaundice and bradycardia, atrio-ventricular block, hyperbilirubinaemia, gallbladder diseases, bile acids, atrial natriuretic peptide system, tumour necrosis factors-a, peanut ball, patient controlled epidural anesthesia, cesarean deliveries, lyme disease, aseptic meningitis, borrelia afzelii, molecular testing, orodental and tongue infections, viral papillomas, lesions. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the field disease and health research.

  • Modern Perspectives in Economics, Business and Management Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of economics, business and management. The contributions by the authors include customer experience, Kansei marketing, strategic experiential modules, Kansei quality, consumer information processing, flood vulnerability index, vulnerability indicators, corporate governance, compliance, financial performance, sanctions, regulatory momentum, mitigating, financial distress, agency theory, noncompliance, conflict of interest, firm Resilience, innovation, strategic agility, performing-asset, deposits, loans, indexed values, recoverable loans, irrecoverable loans, earning persistence, economic value added, firm performance, forecast ability, macroeconomic determinants, price volatility, credit rationing, discrimination, efficient markets, Markov perfect equilibria, performance evaluation, telecommunication operators, efficiency analysis, Arabic language role, Arabic language skills, corruption, deviant sects, financial management attitude, financial management practice, medical service. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of economics, business and management.

  • Medical Research and Its Applications Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of medical research. The contributions by the authors include migraines, neurological disorder, brain inflammation, cyclical central nervous system dysfunction, thalamocortical dysrhythmia, electroencephalograph, magneto encephalogram, langerhans cell histiocytosis, gestational hypertension, drug-resistant skin lesions, suppurative folliculitis, skin biopsy, polyuria-polydipsia syndrome, blueberry muffin baby, intravenous injection of elemental mercury, elemental mercury poisoning, dental amalgams, acute mercury poisoning, astheno zoospermia, avulsion amputation, microsurgical revascularization, Kay’s classification, sandwich technique, double cross finger flap, cell block preparation, conventional smear, fluid cytology, operating theatre efficiency, artificial intelligence, intelligent management systems, surgical navigation technology, AI-powered decision support systems, nursing students' satisfaction, academic satisfaction, feedback, naturopathy, naturopathic medicine, lifestyle modification, innate healing ability, drug therapies, clinical nutrition, complementary and alternative medicine, additive manufacturing, KN-95 face mask, clamping method, fused deposition modeling, hermetic seal, dengue, chikungunya virus infections, arboviral diseases, seroprevalence, alphavirus, dengue shock syndrome, co-infection, wearable devices, physical activity, cardiorespiratory health, wireless technology, hypertension, heart rate monitoring, photo plethysmography device, cardiorespiratory fitness, rhizomes of Zingiber officinale, antioxidants, modern western medicine, nutritional effects, psychological distress, cancer, quality of life, mapping cancer, anxiety. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the field medical research.

  • Issues and Development in Health Research Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of health research. The contributions by the authors include public health challenge, COVID19, professional action, global pandemic, human relationship social work, rural medical practitioner, risk factors, lifestyle, social pathology, health promotional, health care services, non-communicable Diseases, knowledge Attitude Practice, oral microbiota, dental caries, probiotics, nicotine dependence, nicotine withdrawal syndromes, smoking cessation, nicotine metabolism, nicotine genes metabolizer, nicotine dependence treatment, personalized medicine, nicotine genes candidates, CYP2A6 genetics variants, therapy, gene-gene interactions, slow and faster nicotine metabolizers, healthcare facility, cytokines, immunotherapy, immune response, microbiome, toll-like receptor, vaccine immunity, core-needle biopsy, diagnostic accuracy, fine-needle aspiration biopsy, lung lesion, oral health, periodontitis, nutrients, systemic interactions, mid-arm circumference, school children, socio-economic status, triceps skin-fold thickness, pancytopenia, hypersplenism, malaria, alcohol liver disease, geographic location, health professions education, medical laboratory science, portfolio assessment, clinical trials. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of health research.

  • Current Approaches in Engineering Research and Technology Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of engineering research and technology. The contributions by the authors include public key algorithms, cloud service providers, diffie-hellman key exchange, linear feedback shift register, geffe generator mechanism, welding process, heat-affected zone, micro hardness, heat input, micro crack, trans-membrane pressure, membrane bioreactor, industrial permeability, membrane life prediction, remote sensing, deep learning, long short-term memory, satellite image time series, convolutional neural networks, mass timber construction, cross-laminate timber, dowel-laminate timber, sustainable construction, sugarcane bagasse, low density polyethylene, scanning electron micrographs, maleic anhydride, polypropylene, infill wall frames, framed lightweight concrete wall, framed masonry wall, reinforced concrete, stiffness degradation, flux limiters, finite volume method, total variation diminishing, computational fluid dynamics, human activity recognition, multi-synergy and all-win model, elderly care community, fall posture estimation, Hidden Markov models, inverse perspective mapping, lane segmentation, convolutional neural networks, brightness-difference-image. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the field of engineering research and technology.

  • Morgellon’s Disease and Neurocutaneous Syndrome (NCS): Cases and Recovery

    Dr. Omar Amin is a remarkable human being with so much knowledge that extends well beyond the topics that are assembled in this book. He possesses the knowledge of a well-organized library with various sections on scientific research, philosophy, poetry, wit, medicine, politics, Egyptology, world literature, architecture, gardening, gastronomy, classical music, arts, sports etc., all written in few languages: English, Arabic, Hieroglyphics, French, and Spanish. He, however, cherishes his silence and peacefulness. Born and raised in Egypt in a family of a famous physician and a mother who has roots in the royal dynasty of Turkey. He was exposed to classical medical traditions in his father’s clinic and practiced at the US Naval Medical Research Unit no. 3 (NAMRU-3), Cairo, Egypt. He pursued additional graduate degrees in the U.S. at Arizona State University and became an Honorary Naturopathic doctor at the University of Natural Medicine in Albuquerque, New Mexico, and established his very own practice in the Parasitology Center, Inc. (PCI), in the state of Arizona. Dr. Amin is a doctor, whose understanding of a human health, at all levels of physical, psychic, and mental levels of consciousness have distinguished his uniqueness. Being always an attentive student-scholar of 5000 years of Egyptian medical practices to up-to date knowledge, he developed, along the same lines, unique natural herbal remedies and treatment protocols (Freedom, Cleanse, Restore, among others) for management of infectious agents.  He worked at CDC (Center for Disease Control) in Atlanta, Georgia investigating the transmission of Rocky Mountain spotted fever, in the Persian Gulf putting down an epidemic of malaria, and with Wisconsin mosquito vectors of California encephalitis affecting children. In Wisconsin, USA, he pursued his interests in medical entomology with research on tick and flea vectors of human diseases, among others. He has discovered Neuro-cutaneous Syndrome (NCS) (a toxicity syndrome caused mostly by incompatible dental materials) and has examined and successfully treated over 1000 patients. Dr. Amin is a world renown parasitologist, who published nearly 300 papers in national and international scientific journals, described about 100 new species and taxa of parasites of wildlife from all over the world, and lectured in over 500 scientific meetings and symposia. He currently has joint research projects and collaborative agreements with scientists from India, Pakistan, Vietnam, Egypt, Tunisia, South Africa, Burkina Faso, Nigeria, Iraq, Iran, Turkey, Italy, Slovenia, Ukraine, UK, Spain, Austria, Switzerland, Chile, and various states in the USA. He gets things done. I am honored and blessed to be his student, friend, colleague and partner.

  • Bubbles and Behavioral Finance

    This book has complied with two Journal papers and three working papers. We do not have any copyright issue in our book. This book includes Chapter 1 revisits the housing bubble by using right tailed ADF test and provides useful policy recommendations at the end. Chapter 2 reviews bubbles solutions to the Cagan hyperinflation models under rational expectations. Chapter 3 undertakes Marko-switching cointegration test of price and exchange rate bubbles. Chapter 4 attempts to identify and analyse the key factors that capture small investors’ behaviour in the Hong Kong stock market. Chapter 5 investigates the macroeconomic fundamentals in the Hong Kong stock market. The authors are eager to get this book published and intend to maintain strong friendships. We are closely cooperating with each other and are more united than ever.

  • Important Aspects of Toll-like Receptors: Signaling Pathways in Diseases

    Innate immunity is the first-line host defense mechanism that operates to protect animals (vertebrates and invertebrates) from infectious microorganisms. As such, it plays a critical role in containing most inflammatory processes. In addition, molecules induced during the innate immune response, including cytokines and costimulatory molecules, play a critical role in the induction of the adaptive immune response in mammals. Mammalian toll-like receptors (TLRs)are members ofthe pattern-recognition receptor family and playa central role in the initiation of innate cellular immuneresponses and the subsequent adaptive immune responses.Toll-like receptors inflammatory pathways may be related to number of diseases such as clinical depression, gastrointestinal tract inflammatory diseases and cardiovascular disorders. This book has been written with the basic concept oftoll-like receptors and their potential signaling pathways in inflammatory diseases. Toll-like receptors owe their names to a famousDrosophila gene, Toll. It was usedin the early 1980s by C. Nu¨sslein-Volhard to qualify thephenotype of a new mutant discovered in her pioneeringmutagenesis screen to dissect the genetic pathways controllingembryonic development in the fruit fly Drosophilamelanogaster.Toll-like receptors are protective immune sentriesthat sense pathogen-associated molecular patternssuch as unmethylated double-stranded DNA, single-stranded RNA, lipoproteins, lipopolysaccharide, and flagellin. In innate immunemyeloid cells, TLRs induce the secretion of inflammatorycytokines, thereby engaging lymphocytesto mount an adaptive, antigen-specific immuneresponse.Individual TLRs differentially recruit members of a set of Toll/interleukin 1 receptor(TIR) domain-containingadaptorssuchasMyeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88),TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-\(\beta\) (TRIF),TIR-containing adaptor protein (Tirap), also named MyD88 adaptor-like protein (TIRAP/MAL), orTRAM.MyD88isutilizedbyallTLRsandactivatesnuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) NF-kB(andmitogen-activated protein kinase) MAPKs (fortheinductionofinflammatorycytokinegenes.Toll receptors play detrimental role in cardiovascular disease like ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI),atherosclerosis,Diabetic nephropathy,Gastrointestinal (GIT) disorders likeInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), Brain diseases like (Neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease), and Cancer.

  • Pharmaceutical Research - Recent Advances and Trends Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of pharmaceutical research. The contributions by the authors include artificial intelligence, human immunodeficiency virus, infectious diseases, machine learning and deep learning algorithms, pharmaceutical manufacturing, artificial super and narrow intelligence, deep learning, artificial general intelligence, manufacturing optimization, pain, eddy's hot plate method, ethanolic extract of moringa oleifera, anti-nociception, vesicular drug delivery, novel drug delivery systems, proniosomes, multilamellar vesicles, hydrophobic drugs, sustained-release drug delivery system, pharmacokinetic benefit of bilayer tablet, chronic illness, pH dependent polymers, anti-microbial activity, rational drug design, trial-and-error testing of chemical substances, ligand-based drug design, severe acute respiratory syndrome, ear nose and oral health, angiotensin converting enzyme 2, hyposmia and anosmia, dysgeusia, ovarian cancer chemotherapy, cytoreductive surgery, targeted drug delivery system, drug conjugate, hepatoprotective activity, antitubercular drugs, hepatotoxicity, drug induced liver injury, tuberculosis, conventional taste masking methods, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, cox enzymes, bitter taste receptors, antiviral drug ganciclovir, redox-based spectrophotometric method, colorimetric methods, heterocyclic compound. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the field pharmaceutical research.

  • New Visions in Science and Technology Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of science and technology. The contributions by the authors include lead glass, tin content, probiotics, TGA-DSC, quality control, integrity test, food ingredients, supplements,  strategic communication, bandung, smart city, ministry of education and information, plant pathology, geotagging, computerization, database, information and communication technology, gratification, ethnography, rocacitonin, sepsis, septic shock, regional cooperation, connectivity, large infrastructure, trade, DFI, joint venture, project finance, guarantees, private sector, commercial financing, affected communities, governance, social, climate, environment, physical growth, socio-economic status, coeliac trunk, variations, left gastric artery, splenic artery, common hepatic artery, right gastric artery, left inferior phrenic artery, health care services, occupational health, reinfection, Center for Disease Control, antibacterial, antifungal activity, very small incinerator, heating system, computational fluid dynamics, refuse derived fuel. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of science and technology.

  • Clinical Manifestations of Covid-19: A Multi-Disciplinary Approach

    COVID-19 was initially described as a respiratory disease of unknown origin. Its description then evolved into a viral disease with an unusual form of pneumonia. In the evolution of the disease, different specialists reported multiple symptoms and signs which could mimic other medical conditions. Eventually, the disease was described as primarily of respiratory origin with a multi-systemic manifestation. This also serves as a reminder that the human body is a single working unit made up of systems that work in unison toward an ultimate result.

    During the lockdown in the early phase of the pandemic, mankind was involved in a lot of introspection which led to some innovations. While I was in self-isolation for a week (after contact with a covid-19 positive colleague whose eyes I had examined before she was confirmed with the infection), the desire to have a single document that captures the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 from a multispecialty and multi-systemic approach was kindled. The authors of this book are specialist physicians and scientist of Nigerian origin who practice in different parts of the globe.

    This book, conceived at the peak of the pandemic was intended to be published as a major review article for a medical journal. The inability to get a suitable journal led us back to the drawing board and we decided to expand the scope, enabling us to create this 19-chapter masterpiece. We do not claim or consider our work to be exhaustive on the subject, however, it has a broad specialty spread and we believe each chapter will direct any reader to the reference materials needed to clarify any scientific detail summarized in this book.

  • New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical research. The contributions by the authors include neuromodulation, spinal electrical stimulation, deep brain stimulation, optogenetics, function restoration, machine learning, Parkinson’s disease, Multi-modal imaging, Differential diagnosis, Early detection, caesarean section, dexmedetomidine, fentanyl, intrathecal analgesia, levobupivacaine, campers line, Cooks plane, Frankfort's horizontal plane, Interpupillary line, Occlusal plane, Precise jaw relation recording device, HIV, oral fluid, rapid test, diagnosis, oraquick, human Asan trypanosomiasis (a-HT), trypanosoma evansi, retroviral disease, vesicovaginal fistula, obstructed labor, lid reconstruction, ectropion, Mago V (2021) eyelid reconstruction, episodic, mydriasis, anxiety, abdominal pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, haemorrhage, maternal mortality, lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the breast, medullary carcinoma of breast, lymphoma, preeclampsia, idiopathic, lipomodelling, breast cancer, conservative surgery, prostate cancer, iron deficiency anemia, Hirayama disease, spinal muscular atrophy, cervical myelopathy, cross fused renal ectopia, autopsy kidney findings, ectopic kidney, COVID-19, Immunity boosters, breast Implants, sarcopenia, fat degeneration, capsular contracture, implants complications, rotator cuff tear, femoral neck fracture, EGFR mutations, tyrosine kinase domain, head and neck cancer, ERBB receptor, squamous cell carcinoma, polymorphism. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical research.

  • Where the Biological Antimatter is?

    It is evident that living beings made of matter surround us. These living beings contain atoms with electrons and protons. However, there are not living beings made of antimatter surrounding us. This hypothetical living beings made of antimatter should contain antimatter atoms with positrons and antiprotons. Why does this biological matter-antimatter asymmetry exist? This work presents a surprisingly simple answer to this question. In short, this is a theoretical consequence of the introduction of special relativity in quantum mechanics. In addition, it is necessary to assume that both an electrically charged particle with mass and the corresponding antiparticle could interact electrically with itself. Finally, for breaking the theoretical matter-antimatter symmetry, it is necessary to postulate that a particle electrically interacts with itself differently than the corresponding antiparticle interacts with itself.

    The question “where the biological antimatter is?” is not a trivial question. This is because its answer brings transcendental implications for our best physical theories. Fortunately, the answer to this question presented in this book coincides with our everyday experiences. Biological antimatter does not surround us because biological antimatter cannot exist. The author invites the readers to follow him through this exercise of scientific curiosity.  

  • New Approaches in Engineering Research Vol. 13

    This book covers key areas of engineering research. The contributions by the authors include raspberry Pi, ultrasonic sensor, Pi Cam, salt gradient, solar radiation, salt concentration, reflectivity, thermal conductivity, imaginary numbers, Ohm’s law, resonance, transient processes, special theory of relativity, model order reduction, steady-state value, balanced truncation method, singular perturbation approximation, balancing, large scale dynamical system, color bands, component gradients, decision logic, optic flow computation, discrete determined dynamic systems, automatons, a geometrical image of laws of functioning of the automaton, discrete RIV-function, an estimation of complexity of laws of functioning, intra prediction, macroblock, fault-tolerant control, active fault-tolerant control, sliding mode control, synchronous sliding mode control, extended state observer, fault estimation, copy-move forgery detection, Image forgery detection, local binary pattern method, Saliency depth map,   electric coaster, cost-benefit analysis, energy saving, emission reduction, environmentally sustainable, finite amplitude wave, air-horn, acoustic signal, infrasound propagation, big size horn, sound pressure, amplitude of the second harmonic, nonlinear distortion coefficients, cryptography, loop unrolling, takeoff performance investigation, water-drag resistance, light amphibious airplane, synchronous terminal sliding mode control, finite-time fault-tolerant control, finite-time synchronization control, fault-tolerance for robot manipulator, robot manipulator. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of engineering research.

  • New Visions in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical science. The contributions by the authors include simulation-based learning, virtual reality, experiential learning, clinical practice, sigmoid volvulus, semi-elective surgical management, bowel ischemia, colonic perforation, isolated ala nasi cleft, craniofacial clefts, tessier 1 and 2 clefts, deficiency of the alar cartilage, therapeutic play, physical environment, child-friendly environment, stress and anxiety, transient primary bone marrow edema syndrome, joint pain, systemic osteoporosis, avascular necrosis of bone, hormonal effects, histological effects of star fruit, antioxidant properties, enzyme immunoassay technique, endometrial histology, multi-detector computed tomography coronary angiography, congenital coronary anomalies, sudden cardiac death, bland-white-garland syndrome, intestinal malrotation, gastrojejunostomy, superior mesenteric artery, intestinal ischemia, catastrophic volvulus, duplex ultrasound blood flow characteristics, lower limb in diabetics, peripheral artery disease, duplex ultrasound, reactive hyperaemic testing, intraclass correlation coefficient, knowledge-attitude-practice of infection control, human oral cavity, infectious diseases, blood-borne infections, clinical skills, tension-type headache and stress, cryotherapy, age of stress, psychological problems, pro-opiomelanocortin, tooth discoloration, herbal-based approaches, bioactive compounds, cosmetic dentistry. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the field medicine and medical science.

  • New Approaches in Engineering Research Vol. 14

    This book covers key areas of engineering research. The contributions by the authors include power quality, unified power quality conditioner, point of common coupling, harmonics, reactive power, voltage sag, voltage swell, evolutionary algorithms, wide-gap problem, touchless calibration, voltage calibration, coupled capacitive feed, dual band, electromagnetically, meandering slots, rectangular microstrip antenna, reference antenna, solar vehicles, suspension, control arms, steel, static analysis, multiple linear regression, architecture, computed tomography, Otsu’s thresholding algorithm, Grey Level Co-occurrence Matrix, killing vector fields, Kaehlenian manifolds, amorphous iron, discontinuous rubbing, site occupancy, damaging of crystal structure, transition plate, rigid road pavement, non-rigid road pavement, subsidence at non-rigid road pavement, course angle, single fixed station, mobile radiation source, passive location, deep learning, learning-rate, hyper-parameter, convolution neural network. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of engineering research.

  • Innovations in Biological Science Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of biological science. The contributions by the authors include rabies, zoonotic viral disease, virus neutralizing antibodies, rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test, indirect ELISA, basal metabolic rates, phylogeny, endothermy, fast-wave sleep, rapid eye movement sleep, flora and faunal diversity, anthropogenic activities, infrastructure development, biodiversity, ecological entities, bioindicators, environmental health, aquatic ecosystems, environmental management and conservation, macroalgae, peste des petits ruminants, molecular epidemiology, Taqman-based reverse transcription, small ruminant morbilli, snake, python regius and python sebae, poisonous snake, parrot inventories, grey red-tailed parrots, biodiversity, management of the avian fauna, ethnobotanical study, medicinal plants, traditional medicine, use value, fidelity level, epigenetic modification, DNA methylation, n6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification, axon regeneration disorders, brain development retardation, Rheumatoid arthritis, anti-citrullinated protein antibodies, immune-complex, Disease Modifying Anti-rheumatic Drugs. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the field of biological science.

  • New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 13

    This book covers key areas medicine and medical research. The contributions by the authors include Birmingham eye trauma terminology system, open globe injuries, globe rupture trauma, pediatric ocular trauma, nanographene particles, graphene cream, malignant lymphatic cells, lymph nodes positive, lump and mass area of cancer area, charged particles, graphene oxide, cutaneous sinus tract, misdiagnosed, periapical abscess, endodontic treatment, diabetic nephropathy, tooth implant, implant supported prosthesis, Rigid connector, non rigid connector, cardiomyopathy, Left Ventricular Non-compaction, acute myocardial infarction, mechanical complication, free wall rupture, LV pseudoaneurysm, metabolic syndrome, risk factors, stress control model, hypertension, mental disorders, environmental factors, single nucleotide polymorphism, molecular connectivity, multi-omics, osteomyelitis, inter-maxillary distance, cauda equina, Conduction time, F wave, Lumbosacral spinal stenosis, Percutaneous electrical stimulation, Percutaneous magnetic stimulation, Mayfield's clamp, acute coronary syndrome, Octogenarians, ST elevation Myocardial infarction, Management in Octogenarians, panoramic radiograph, motion sickness, balance, unilateral stance, sway velocity, bach flowers remedies, complementary and alternative medicine, Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, neurocysticercosis, pregnancy, eclampsia, septal deviation, compensatory hypertrophy, inferior turbinate, nasal obstruction, caesarean scar pregnancy. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical research.

  • Recent Developments in Chemistry and Biochemistry Research Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of chemistry and biochemistry research. The contributions by the authors include phthalazine derivatives, anti-microbial evaluation, phthalazine, suzuki-coupling, ezelastine, polyhydroxyalkanoates, water scarcity, greywater, blackwater, sewage treatment, fourier-transform infrared, phaC gene expression, green catalyst, biphasic system, zeolite x, minimum inhibitory concentrations, bio-oil, trichosanthes tricuspidata, soxhlet extraction, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, antarvedisides, lichens, pharmaceutical applications, manglicolous lichensm, reactive oxygen species, prognostic markers, cell renal carcinoma, bioinformatic approach, lung adenocarcinoma, gene ontology, renal cancer, immunogenic tumor microenvironment, immune infiltration analysis, cholinesterase, biological markers, acetylcholinesterase, kinetic analysis, anticholinesterase, transition metal, antioxidant activity, antimicrobial agents, Schiff’s base, electrophilic reactivity, organophosphorus flame retardants, toxicity profiles, type 2 diabetes mellitus, nephropathy, hyperglycemia, diabetic nephropathy, reactive oxygen species microalbuminuria, single-nucleotide polymorphisms. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and  academicians in the field chemistry and biochemistry research.

  • New Approaches in Engineering Research Vol. 11

    This book covers key areas of engineering research. The contributions by the authors include ultrasonic velocity, ion-solvent, adiabatic compressibility, intermolecular free length, interference, laser, radial vector composite system, path difference, dispersion vector, optical field, golden section, stability, spring pendulum, gravitational force, special protection schemes SPS, grid disturbances, outages, blackout, generation rejection scheme GRS, contingency, alert state, emergency state, remedial action scheme RAS catastrophic failures, automobile safety systems, active safety devices, passive safety devices, vehicle to vehicle technology, finite differences, finite volumes, shallow water equations, fly-ash, clay, compressive strength, custom power, power quality, voltage sags, voltage swells, harmonics, food legumes, ground nut, promising lines, rotary machine, vibration, sliding bearing, liquid damper, parameter optimization, aerodynamics, thermal radiation, air breathing engine, blunt bodies, dark matter pressure, heat release, combustion, wireless sensor networks, client-server model, web page, flask web server, internet of things, wireless mesh networks, template matching, residue number system, residue logarithmic number system, binary logic, ternary logic. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of engineering research.

  • Advanced Concepts in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of pharmaceutical research. The contributions by the authors include hip axis length, femoral neck axis length, femoral neck shaft angle, bone mineral density, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, vanadium, spectrophotometry, spectrophotometric determination, biological toxicity, antihyperglycaemic effect, alloxan, vetiveria zizanioides, vetiver essential oil, telmisartan, angiotensin receptor blocker, hydrochlorothiazide, angiotensin receptor blocker, peripheral oedema, medicinal plant, unique medicinal properties, ayurvedic medicines, berberis aristata, drug release characteristics, pharmaceutical lattices, sintering, microstructures, oro-dispersible tablets, mouth dissolving tablets, allergic reactions, direct compression method, hapatoprotective fraction of methanolic extract, microsomal drug metabolizing enzymes, butanol fraction, hepatic disease, xenobiotics, green chemistry, atom economy, waste minimization, safer chemicals, complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced arthritis, antioxidant potential, reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress, nanotech assisted PCR diagnosis, mycobacterium tuberculosis,  magnetic nanoparticle, nucleic acid amplification test, self medication, self care, emergency use, awareness program, 3-D printing, nanomedicine, laser printing technologies, computer-aided design. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the field of pharmaceutical research.

  • Modern Perspectives in Language, Literature and Education Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of language, literature and education. The contributions by the authors include English education, English style analysis, fuzzy reasoning, teaching materials analysis, Van Hiele theory, levels of geometric thinking, geometry learning video, language learning, statistics, mathematics, pedagogy, information systems, artificial systems, systems applications, systemic education, systemic didactics, curriculum modeling, syllabus modelling, representative council of learners, rural areas, school governance, school governing bodies, South African Schools Act, Herman Melville's novel, higher education, public policy, labor market, Israeli economy, violence, school, intervention/prevention school violence, student teachers relationship, Bapedi society, traditional music, storytelling, cultural identity, children’s musical arts, music education, didactic of music, music skills, online education, face to face education. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of language, literature and education.

  • Contemporary Research in Business, Management and Economics Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of business, management and economics. The contributions by the authors include financial reporting standards, globalization, culture across the borders, foreign institutional investment, performance of staff, employee productivity, employee motivation, microfinance industry, job satisfaction, digital alliance, digital awareness kiosks, sustainable development, cybersecurity challenges, enterprise resource planning, covid-19 pandemic, antibacterial fabric, economic growth, socioeconomic changes, multi-factor productivity, nominal rate of assistance, effective rate of assistance, trade liberalization, Ricardian theory, single equation export model, corporate governance, banking assets, public trust, regulatory frameworks, sustainable supply chain management, Safaricom’s SSCM practices, stakeholder salience, stakeholder power, esg, risk coefficient, screening of investment, multi-stakeholders. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and  academicians in the field business, management and economics.

  • Modern Perspectives in Economics, Business and Management Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of economics, business and management. The contributions by the authors include internal supply chain management, competitiveness, Integration, capital maintenance, conceptual framework, financial reporting, financial statements, recognition and de-recognition, reporting entity, cross selling, customer satisfaction, perceived benefits, green design, eco-efficiency design, customer satisfaction, Kano’s Model, state-owned enterprises, mixed ownership, managerial ownership, corporate performance, political rights, civil liberties, political instability, corruption, investment, economic growth, dynamic panel, household debt, macroeconomic, determinants, factors, financing, Fiscal policy, monetary policy, macroeconomic management, human resource management, transportation infrastructure, cloud computing, cloud barrier, cloud survey, cloud adoption, protection of intellectual property rights, foreign direct investment, economic growth, supply side economics, policy mix classifications, Reagan Tax Cuts, Vietnam war finance, Eurozone macroeconomics, pandemic macroeconomics, public debt, economic growth, Threshold Autoregressive model, granger causality, transport logistics industry, development, Cobb-Douglas production function, transport logistics, productivity, Cobb-douglas, multivariate regression. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of economics, business and management.

  • Life and Oscillatory Reaction

    About 20 years ago, I published a book in Japanese under the title ``Biological Oscillatory Reactions''. In addition to the BZ reaction and oscillatory reactions caused by allosteric enzymes, we introduced oscillatory reactions that utilize membranes or oil/water interfaces. I also discovered and calcium oscillation by simple method.    

    Subsequently, using semipermeable membranes as a model of biological membranes, we confirmed that many enzymatic reactions cause vibrational reactions. Furthermore, we used an actual mitochondrial membrane instead of a model membrane and confirmed that NADH and ATP oscillate finally. Therefore, I decided to compile and publish my achievements so far.    

    In Chapter 1, we gave an overview of oscillatory reactions. At first, I explained that there are oscillatory reactions that are caused by autocatalytic mechanisms or allosteric mechanisms that cause oscillatory reactions. In addition to oscillatory reactions caused by these factors, It was found that there are also oscillatory reactions of enzymes associated with membrane permeation of substrates. Generally, if the substrate and enzyme are mixed together at the beginning, no oscillatory reaction occurs, but as the substrate slowly permeates through the mixture, an oscillatory reaction occurs. Since many reactions in living organisms are enzymatic reactions mediated by membranes, this suggests that there is a possibility of discovering oscillatory reactions of enzymes that have not been observed until now. Oscillatory reactions occur in a nonlinear open/non-equilibrium state far from equilibrium. The presence of membranes in living organisms creates a nonlinear, open, non-equilibrium state. Therefore, in Chapter 2, we explained why the existence of biological membranes creates a nonlinear open/non-equilibrium state, and explained the structure of biological membranes and how they permeate through membranes. We also introduced ATP, which is the energy source of living organisms.   

    We found that by using a semipermeable membrane, the substrate slowly permeates through the membrane, causing an oscillatory reaction of the enzyme. Since vibrational reactions should occur even when using actual biological membranes, we thought that it would be possible to use mitochondrial membranes to generate ATP vibrational reactions. Therefore, we confirmed through model experiments using semipermeable membranes and actual experiments using mitochondria that NADH and ATP occur within mitochondria.

    Chapter 5 explained signal transduction. Since there are many reactions involving membranes in this process, it is possible that oscillatoryl reactions are occurring. Therefore, in Chapter 6, we introduced the oscillations of acetylcholine and calcium. It is suggested that many other oscillatory reactions may occur during the signal transduction process.

    In Chapter 6, we considered the application of the oscillatory reaction. Various applications are expected.

    Finally, I would like to express my deep gratitude to Dr. Mikie Nishimura and our students in the laboratory for their cooperation in publishing this book.

  • Modern Perspectives in Economics, Business and Management Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of economics, business and management. The contributions by the authors include corporate tax rates, Income splitting, transfer pricing, banking, big four data, data envelopment analysis, panel data, return on assets, tax optimization, tax avoidance, tax evasion, tax fraud, legislation, data envelopment analysis, marketing strategy, business strategy, restaurant companies, web presence, unemployment, entrepreneurship, informal sector, formalization, classification economy activities, systems efficiency, clarity and understanding of technology, taxation, economic growth, gross domestic product, borrowing, public finance, entrepreneurship, competing environment, understating the mechanism of competing, accelerated sustainable development, business, poverty economic growth, environmental sustainability, budget deficit, economic growth, gross national product, coefficient of correlation, growth rates, interest rates, inflation rates, entrepreneurial activities, policy framework. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of economics, business and management.

  • Current Innovations in Chemical and Materials Sciences Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of chemical and materials sciences. The contributions by the authors include nano-crystalline tricalcium silicate bio-cement, antibacterial activity, solid-state reaction, sol-gel approach, 2,3-triazole-acetaminophen hybrids, commercial acetaminophen tablets, in-silico adme-tox properties, Huisgen reaction-based method, quinoline derivatives, multidrug resistance, back propagation neural networks, decision trees, k-nearest neighbors, toluene di-isocyanate, gelling catalyst, flexible polyurethane foam, metal matrix composites, boron carbide, oil-hardened non-shrinking, tribological investigations, response surface analysis, aromatic acetamides derivatives, aromatic iodination reaction, microwave technique, organometallic reagents, molybdenum ditelluride, transition metal dichalcogenides, field-effect transistors, hexagonal boron nitride, charge transfer, pyrazole moiety, acetic acid, vilsmeier-haack reagent, knoevenagel condensation, ferrotoroidial properties, quasi-crystals, tensor-tensor relations, rotational symmetries, plastic pollutants, microplastics, environmental pollution, black sea. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and  academicians in the field chemical and materials sciences.

  • New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 12

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical research. The contributions by the authors include cervical cancer, dysplasia, knowledge, Pap smear, placenta, placental maturity, ultrasonography of placenta, placental abnormalities, amyotrofic lateralsclerosis, psychiatry, anxiety, depression, frontotemroral dysfunction, habitual intoxications, sialorea, low dose radiotherapy, advanced ovarian carcinoma, indirect restriction of cancer growth, cochlear implants, auditory plasticity, auditory deprivation, coagulase-negative staphylococcus, neonatal sepsis, antimicrobial resistance, blood culture, early-onset sepsis, late-onset sepsis, epitope, molecular mimicry, hepatitis B, antiviral agents, anti-infective agents, reverse transcriptase inhibitors, nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors, enzyme inhibitors, molecular mechanisms of pharmacological action, anti-retroviral agents, anti-hiv agents, antioxidants, protective agents, physiological effects of drugs, vitamins, cartilage wettability, interfacial surface energy, friction coefficient, amphoteric and negative surface charge, Lamellar-smart slippage of bilayers, trauma, health risks, delinquency, sexual risk behaviors, drug use, sexual minority, sexual assault, bullying, vertical root fracture, endodontic treatment, surgical exploration, composite resin, ovarian sarcoma, trabectedin, second-line chemotherapy, complete response, chronic kidney failure, hemodialysis, diabetes mellitus, diabetic retinopathy, risk factors, hyperglycemia, ocular manifestations, caliceal stones, Gilvernet’s technique, Laparoscopic retroperitoneal pyelolithotomy, foot and Mouth Disease, Mullerian inhibiting substances, hernia uteri inguinale, persistent Mullerian duct syndrome, surrogacy, Assisted Reproductive Technology, keratinization, anti-inflammatory activity, non-hodgkin’s lymphoma, maxillofacial disease, mucormycosis, Covid 19 disease. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical research.

  • Science and Technology - Recent Updates and Future Prospects Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of science and technology. The contributions by the authors include hexavalent chromium, waste water, biosorption, butea monosperma bark, water management, machine learning, water harvesting and recycling, artificial neural network, recurrent neural network, crop management, support vector machine, electrical fault, power quality detection algorithms, customer-owned DERS monitoring, intelligent electronic devices, electric vehicles, slow charging concerns, sustainable transportation, urban pollution, WORLD7 model, zirconium, hafnium, superalloys, system dynamics, COVID-19 epidemic, deep learning, nonspecific pneumonia, computed tomography, 3D joint inversion of gravity and magnetic data, geophysical methods, potential theory, newton-gauss iteration, future circular collider, iron-free magnetic system, Cobham’s program, electromagnetic modelling. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and  academicians in the field science and technology.

  • Pesticides in Agriculture and Environment

    This book dealt about pesticides in agriculture and environment. This book covered several topics on current and valuable research on pesticide science. The contributions by the authors include contaminated water; bioaccumulation; hormesis; phytoremediation technique, agricultural production, environmental contamination, aquatic organisms, toxic effects, hormetic effect of herbicides, bioremeasurement, weed control, organic and inorganic pollutants, volatilization. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians.

  • Fluid Mechanics and Machinery Lab Manual

    The Fluid Mechanics and Machinery Lab Manual serves as a comprehensive guide designed to accompany students in their practical exploration of fundamental principles and applications within the field of fluid mechanics and machinery. The manual is structured to align with the core objectives of the academic program, emphasizing hands-on experiences that complement theoretical knowledge.

    It guides learners through a series of meticulously crafted experiments covering diverse topics such as fluid statics, fluid dynamics, turbomachinery, and hydraulic machinery. Each experiment is meticulously designed to reinforce theoretical concepts, allowing students to develop a profound understanding of fluid mechanics principles. The exercises incorporate state-of-the-art equipment and modern measurement techniques, encouraging students to apply their knowledge in a practical setting. Emphasis is placed on fostering problem-solving skills, teamwork, and effective communication through group experiments and comprehensive lab reports.

    Furthermore, the manual incorporates advanced projects that challenge students to delve into research-oriented tasks, promoting innovation within the realm of fluid mechanics and machinery. Throughout the manual, a continuous learning approach is encouraged, with exposure to cutting-edge technologies and methodologies, preparing students for a dynamic and evolving engineering landscape.

    In summary, the Fluid Mechanics and Machinery Lab Manual serves as a vital tool in the holistic development of engineering students, bridging the gap between theoretical understanding and practical application. It aims to instill a sense of curiosity, critical thinking, and a commitment to excellence in the exploration of fluid mechanics and machinery concepts.

  • New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 11

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical research. The contributions by the authors include diaphyseal fractures, paediatric long bones, intra-medullary fixation, ifferentiation inducer, Differentiation helper inducer, DNA methyltransferase, Methylation enzymes, Steroid analogues, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, dialysis, COVID-19, pandemic, renal replacement therapy, general Semantics, neocortex, health policies, marginality, endodontics, biocompatibility, calcium-phosphate based sealers, pulp canal sealer, seal apex, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cardiovascular complications, primary prevention, subclinical hypothyroidism, biomarker, Epithelial ovarian neoplasm, malignancy, naturopathy, healthcare policy, primary healthcare, vaccines, dementia, risk factors interlinking, upcoming issues in dementia,  Alzheimer's Disease, intraorbital foreign body, wooden foreign body, trauma, child trauma, computed tomography, childhood blindness, infectious diseases, amputation, regeneration blastema, cerebral ganglia, neurosecretory cells, colour doppler imaging, Ocular perfusion pressure, ocular blood flow, primary open angle glaucoma, retrobulbar blood flow, cardiovascular disease, skeletal muscle, vasodilation, coronary Artery Disease, Myocardial Infarction, left main coronary artery, left anterior descending artery, circumflex artery, right coronary artery. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical research.

  • Current Perspective to Physical Science Research Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of physical science. The contributions by the authors include elementary physical particles, electromagnetic waves, cosmological entities, multilevel universe, quantum mysteries, doped cerium oxide, solid oxide fuel cells, doped ceria, yttria stabilized zirconia, seasonal radon concentration, health hazards, indoor radon measurements, risk of lung cancer, rheological behavior, carreau-gambaruto and quemada model, viscoelasticity, navier-stokes equations, cardiovascular circulation, thermodynamic, arrow of time, entropy, four-dimensional relativistic map, Gibbs free energy, Balitsky-Kovchegov equation, mellin transformation, saddle point approximation, nonlinear coherent phenomena, fiber-optic sensor technology, localized surface plasmon resonance, two-terminal microsensors, silver nanoparticles, heavy fermion, periodic Anderson model, U-based and Ce-based HF system, Kondo temperature, cerium systems, natural radioactivity concentrations, stochastic effects, annual effective dose, natural ionizing radiation, pygmy dipole resonance, electromagnetic response, energy-density functional, giant dipole resonance, quasiparticle phonon model, lead radius experiment, quinolines, solvatochromic shift, DFT study, HOMO-LUMO energy, magnetic properties, nano-structure, ferroelasticity, adapted sol-gel process. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and  academicians in the field physical science.

  • New Visions in Biological Science Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of biological science. The contributions by the authors include sound Absorption Ratio, inexpensive method, foliar, urban trees, gross study, guinea fowl, histochemistry, histomorphology, pecten oculi, ultrastructure, antioxidant activity, chromatography, flavonoids, secondary metabolites, extractivism, mathematical modeling, non-timber forest resources, geographic information systems, microsatellite markers, cerrado, structure and genetic diversity, relationship between traits, dual-purpose cows, fore/hind-shank circumference, milk yield, morphometric traits, postharvest technology, biochemical parameters, water quality degradation, physicochemical parameters, faunal diversity, species richness, anthropogenic activities, macrandrous homothallic, macrandrous heterothallic, camels’ meat properties, benefit health of camel’s meat, macrolichens, mycobiont, transmission, muscle structure and function, adaptation to exercise training mode, athletes, endurance training, mutation, Neo-Darwinism. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of biological science.

  • Extrusion Technology: Transforming Food Processing

    Welcome to the world of Extrusion Technology! If you've ever wondered how your favorite snacks, cereals, or even meat alternatives are made, you're about to find out.

     This book, "Extrusion Technology: Transforming Food Processing," serves as a comprehensive exploration of the principles, applications, and advancements in extrusion technology. Extrusion technology plays a crucial role in transforming food processing by offering efficient, versatile, and innovative solutions for production of a diverse range of food products.

     Extrusion is more than just a mechanical process—it is a fusion of art and science, where creativity and innovation intersect to create new textures, flavors, and experiences. Throughout this book, we will showcase the diverse array of products that can be produced using extrusion technology, from crispy snacks and crunchy breakfast cereals to textured vegetable proteins and gluten-free pastas.

    Moreover, we will delve into the latest advancements in extrusion technology, exploring emerging trends and cutting-edge techniques that are shaping the future of food processing. We are confident that this book will be useful for students, researchers, and professionals in every aspect of extrusion processing.

  • A Therapeutic Application of Systematic Review with Meta-analysis: Epigenetic Analysis Tools and Cancer’s Therapy Assessment

    Systematic review (SR), the Qualitative part and Meta-analysis (MA), the Quantitative part were considered as a recent power-full research tool for searching, selecting, appraising, interpreting and summarizing results from original published studies then combine these studies into a single quantitative estimate in manner that reduce the impact of bias and examine heterogeneity of the individual study results. It is also represent the top trusted level of the evidences in the literature.

    Conduction and application of these tools require special types of skills to follow its steps carefully and precisely. Although a great deal has been written in the journal literature on SR+ MA in general, there is no major reference textbook that address the application of these tools for therapeutic aspects in a simple, clear and friendly manner.

    The book is divided into main four chapters; Introduction and Overview, Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis, Epigenetic Analysis Tools and Cancer Therapies Assessment; Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis and Discussion. All these chapters were written in a manner similar to the articles to be more applied.

    In chapter I of the book various aspects of introductory issues were addressed to provide the reader with suitable solid background to understand the topic; where the cancer as a medical challenge and their current therapeutic modalities, besides the main problems of anticancer agents were discussed, moreover the term epigenetic tools and their relevant issues specially their role in cancer therapy were highlighted.

    Chapter II, which is on the SR and MA main practical methodological steps, deals with terms, critical appraisal including both internal and external validity,  statistical models of MA and  Special types of plots such as Forest and funnel, Heterogeneity and its examination and sensitivity analysis of studies.

    Chapter III is the core of the book and addresses Epigenetic Analysis Tools and Cancer Therapies Assessment; Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis where the steps and results of asking answerable research question using PICOS strategy were clearly followed, Filter designing and optimizing, Data retrieval from the pre-selected databases, screening and finally summarizing the output in standard Prisma Chart. Then Data extraction and critical appraising for the included studies, in addition to the calculation of the Effect Size (ES) for each study and statistical analysis using suitable models were done. Data manipulation and presentation in the special Figures were carried out  using specific software.

    Chapter V discuss what is done through all the previous Book’s chapters such as; Filter design and optimization, Critical appraisal of the selected studies addressing the topic, Both the Qualitative part (SR) and the Quantitative one (MA) regarding the Epigenetic tools as important predictive biomarkers for cancer therapy evaluation and new drug discovery options.

    What makes this book attractive with scientific value is not just the selection of the topic addressed, but presentation of theory and its application in clear direct an easy friendly form.

    Finally, this book is written for the graduate students or postdoctoral fellows who want to master these power-full tools as a more trusted Evidence-based source ever or are interested in developing their skill set in the subject.

  • Agro Eco-System Analysis of Chatra District (Jharkhand)

    Chatra district of Jharkhand comes under rain-fed agriculture. Only 7% area comes under assured irrigation. Productivity of Cereal, Pulses and Oilseed is comparatively low with respect to other districts of Jharkhand. Given the challenges surrounding the growing population, resource constraints and environment disruption including climate change and pandemic outbreak Jharkhand needs sustainable agriculture development not only to meet its full demands but also to increase the income in double fold. It is only possible by planning and execution of programmes on time.

    For proper planning understanding and interpretation of data by implementing agency and beneficiary is pre requisite. PRA tools and techniques are facilitating to understand actual problem and their solution in implanting situation.

    I appreciate all the scientists and staffs those who are involved in conducting and documenting observation which are collected through PRA excercise and I hope the prepareed document will definetely help extension officers and scientists for planning.

  • Current Topics on Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 10

    This book covers key areas of mathematics and computer science. The contributions by the authors include entropy coding, Huffman encoding, leveling, lossless data compression, data Mining, land transport infrastructure, machine learning, sentiments analysis, fuzzy primes, primary submodules, radical, fuzzy submodules, orthogonal design, nearly orthogonal design, super saturated design, Hadamard matrix, D-optimality, J2-optimality, fuzzy control, multistage fuzzy control, deterministic object, stochastic object, fuzzy object, stochastic-fuzzy knowledge base, formal Concept Analysis, cryptography, integer factorization, binary tree, algorithm, virtual reality, augmented reality, oculus Rift, leap motion, model driven engineering, object constraint language, mobile software, agility, agile information system, IT agility, IS agility, agile enterprise, agile organization, agile BSC, balanced scorecard, elliptic boundary value problem, finite element scheme with discontinuity, aseismic ground deformation, Strike slip fault, linearly viscoelastic medium. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of mathematics and computer science.

  • Chronobiology: Unlocking the Mysteries of the Biological Clock

    Welcome to the fascinating world of chronobiology, where the rhythms of life unfold in intricate patterns governed by the ticking of the biological clock. In this book, "Chronobiology: Unlocking the Mysteries of the Biological Clock," we embark on a journey to unravel the secrets of timekeeping within living organisms.

    From the rhythmic beat of our hearts to the ebb and flow of tides, the passage of time shapes every aspect of our existence. Yet, within the fabric of life, there exists a deeper layer of temporal regulation—one governed not by man-made clocks but by the elegant orchestration of biological rhythms.

    The study of chronobiology delves into this intricate dance, exploring how organisms synchronize their internal clocks with the rhythms of the environment. It examines the molecular mechanisms driving circadian rhythms, the daily oscillations that dictate our sleep-wake cycles, metabolism, and numerous other physiological processes.

    But chronobiology extends beyond the daily cycle, probing into ultradian and infradian rhythms, spanning shorter and longer time frames, respectively. It investigates how these rhythms influence everything from mood and cognition to fertility and aging.

    In "Chronobiology: Unlocking the Mysteries of the Biological Clock," we aim to shed light on the profound implications of these temporal rhythms for human health, performance, and well-being. We delve into the latest research uncovering the links between circadian disruption and various health disorders, from sleep disorders to metabolic syndrome and cancer.

    Moreover, we explore the practical applications of chronobiology in optimizing human performance and productivity. From designing shift schedules that minimize circadian disruption to leveraging chronotherapy for more effective medical treatments, the insights gleaned from chronobiological research offer promising avenues for improving our lives.

    As we navigate through the pages of this book, we invite you to embark on a voyage of discovery—one that transcends the boundaries of conventional timekeeping and unveils the profound mysteries of the biological clock. Whether you are a seasoned researcher, a curious student, or simply an inquisitive soul eager to understand the rhythms of life, "Chronobiology: Unlocking the Mysteries of the Biological Clock" offers a gateway to a world where time takes on a whole new dimension.

  • STUDY OF TECHNOLOGY INTERVENTIONS ON VEGETABLE CULTURE IN WELL-ENDOWED AND SMALL PRODUCTION SYSTEM IN RANCHI DISTRICT OF JHARKHAND, INDIA

    In Jharkhand, vegetable production is becoming popular and a very remunerative enterprise among the farmers who have even small scale irrigation facilities. However, in kharif season, a number of vegetables are grown in completely rainfed situations like tomato, cauliflower, cabbage, capsicum, etc. The State of Jharkhand needs 16.25 lakh tones of vegetable per annum to meet the minimum requirement of entire population of Jharkhand. The State presently is producing 23.31 lakh tones of vegetables in 1.44 lakh hectare area, with a surplus of 7.06 lakh tones.

    Generally three distinct types of agricultural production systems are prevailing in the state, viz, commercial, green revolution (GR) and complex, diverse & risk-prone (CDR) i.e. small production systems. Commercial production systems are characterized by fully controlled environment, fertile and irrigated land, mechanized farming with predominance of cash crops, use of high input technology and use of fully hired labour and production strategy for higher returns. These farm production systems are managed by highly resource-rich farmers. The green revolution or well-endowed production systems are characterized by irrigated/protective irrigation facilities, combination of good fertile or less fertile land, use of family labour in combination with hired labour and combination of cash earnings and food crops.

  • New Visions in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical science. The contributions by the authors include facial feminization and masculinization surgeries, gender dysphoria, sex reassignment, forensic anthropology, antagonistic sex, peripheral cemento-ossifying fibroma, gingival overgrowth, fibromas, orthopantomogram, vaginal reconstructive surgery, bowel symptoms, pelvic repair, uterine prolapse, transvaginal mesh surgery, pediatric dentistry, online checkups, oral health, disinfection, iridocyclolenticular complex, crystalline lens,  hydraulic component, lens accommodation, arachnoid cysts, intracystic hemorrhage, intracranial pressure, chronic subdural hematoma, porencephalic cyst, papulosquamous skin disorders, autoimmunity, pityriasis, psoriasis, gender identification, hand-foot measurements- long bone measurements, genetic analysis, artificial neural networks, patient information, hyperbolic tangent, follow-up consultation time, community services, health day celebration, body mass index, obesity, hemogluco test, complicated appendicitis, laparoscopic appendectomy, acute appendicitis, intravenous antibiotics, percutaneous drainage, viral infectious diseases, orofacial presentation, dental diseases, treatment planning, nicotine replacement therapy, neoplastic disorders, green tobacco sickness, heated tobacco products, electronic nicotine delivery systems, electronic cigarettes, bacterial contamination, platelet concentrates, disinfection procedures of donor blood, inactivation of transfusion-transmitted pathogens. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and  academicians in the field medicine and medical science.

  • Pharmaceuticals in Water

    This book dealt pharmaceuticals in water. The book escribes about most relevant approach to decrease the presence of pharmaceuticals in water bodies to avoid and/or decrease their entry into the water environment. The contributions by the authors include pharmaceutical ingredients, drugs, chemical changes, aquatic streams, acute toxicity, hydrologic cycle, hydrogen atoms, physical and chemical changes in water, biological factors, Pharmaceutical synthetic drugs, therapeutic treatment, anxiolytic agent, Antibiotics, effluents, pharmaceutical pollutants, nano filtration, ozonation. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians.

  • The Paradigm of Complex Probability, Numerical Analysis, and Chaos Theory

    The present book is a relatively small historical summary that will give us an introduction on the development of chaos theory as well as of numerical analysis, before thoroughly studying their essential theorems and examining their diverse applications. I was helped here by Wikipedia in order to achieve this task. Chaos theory began in the field of ergodic theory. Later studies, also on the topic of nonlinear differential equations, were carried out by George David Birkhoff, Andrey Nikolaevich Kolmogorov, Mary Lucy Cartwright and John Edensor Littlewood, and Stephen Smale. Except for Smale, these studies were all directly inspired by physics: the three-body problem in the case of Birkhoff, turbulence and astronomical problems in the case of Kolmogorov, and radio engineering in the case of Cartwright and Littlewood. Although chaotic planetary motion had not been observed, experimentalists had encountered turbulence in fluid motion and nonperiodic oscillation in radio circuits without the benefit of a theory to explain what they were seeing. I believe that the topics chosen in the current chapters of this book have served the purpose to introduce and to illustrate the original and pioneering complex probability, numerical analysis, and chaos theory paradigm. Actually, the subject is very broad and could be developed certainly in many research papers and manuals and works. Thus, four chapters are merely a preface and an introduction to this exciting, profound, and modern field of mathematics and knowledge.

  • Innovations in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of microbiology and biotechnology. The contributions by the authors include total petroleum hydrocarbon, groundwater, bacteria, nutrients, natural attenuation, biodegradation,  poly-phosphate accumulating bacteria, poly-phosphate, phosphate removal, Pi index, ethanol stress, freeze-drying starter, yeasts, hydrophilins, traditional sorghum beer, biodiesel, diesel engine, engine performance, transesterification, protein expression, membrane proteins, cytochrome P450, galling index, incidence, meloidogyne species infection, population densities, bacteriocin, urinary catheter, antibiotics, etiological agents, antimicrobial therapy, urinary tract infection, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, clinical samples, Mayaro virus, arbovirus, emerging disease, viral structure, immune response, pathogenesis, antibiotic sensitivity, hemodialysis, phb genes, EMP pathway, PP pathway, ED pathway, diatom, transgenic plant, petroleum based plastics. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of microbiology and biotechnology.

  • Universal Theory of Existence: Bridging Science and Philosophy

    It has been a long-standing ambition for philosophers and scientists alike to uncover a singular, comprehensive logic that elucidates the connections among all the physical aspects of the universe. This quest has been the cornerstone of modern scientific inquiry. Albert Einstein, one of the most renowned figures in this endeavor, dedicated the latter years of his life to developing a unified field theory. His goal was ambitious: to integrate all fundamental forces, such as electromagnetism and gravitation, into a single theoretical framework. However, despite his monumental efforts, this challenge continues to perplex and inspire physicists.

    In pursuit of a similar goal, the author of the “universal theory of existence” (UTE) has adopted a distinct and innovative methodology. The primary objective of UTE is to establish a link between the imperceptible aspects of existence and perceptible aspects of entities. It delves deeply into the concepts of imperceptible space, time, and consciousness, seeking to integrate these abstract concepts into the realm of physical phenomena. The scope of the UTE is impressively comprehensive and extends far beyond the confines of the physical world. It not only encompasses cosmological aspects, but also delves into the biological, psychological, and intellectual dimensions, proposing a holistic view of the universe.

    The author of UTE posits that the universe operates as a unified, interconnected process governed by consistent principles. This perspective suggests that, while each world within the universe has its own distinct science, these sciences are parallel and interconnected. the proposed theory proposes a novel view of cosmological and physical worlds as belonging to different but related paradigms. By considering the cosmological world as a subordinate realm, UTE attempts to unravel the true nature of reality, offering a fresh perspective of cosmological understanding.

    UTE does not seek to negate current cosmological knowledge but rather adds to it by suggesting that the cosmological world is founded on four primary substances or attributes, namely, fullness, hollowness, visibility, and forcibility. These attributes interact in various ways, forming different fields that are responsible for creating a space fabric known as aether. This aether is posited as a medium that enables physical entities to evolve and become active within the universe. The theory further explains how these four primary cosmological fields produce all physical phenomena, such as electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic force, repulsion, and gravitation. Each phenomenon functions according to its own unique attributes; thus, establishing a connection between phenomena such as electromagnetic waves and gravitation, and linking all activating waves within the universe.

    This ambitious theory opens a new window in the quest to understand the universe, potentially bringing us closer to fulfilling Einstein's dream of a unified field theory. By bridging the gap between philosophy and science, the UTE inadvertently addresses and potentially solves numerous mysteries that remain major questions in the field of physics, including the enigmas of dark energy, dark matter, the cosmological constant, the perplexities of double-slit experiments, and the underlying causes of gravitational and repulsive forces.

  • New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 16

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical research. The contributions by the authors include nasopalatine, non-odontogenic, asymptomatic, epithelial cyst, colorectal adenocarcinoma, screening, colonoscopy, epidemiological shifts, increased incidence, perspectives, challenges, CRC: colorectal carcinoma, myometrium, placenta accrete, placental polyp, Kyphosis correction, short-segment posterior fixation, thoracolumbar burst fracture, cold avian Infections, opportunistic infections in children living with HIV/AIDS, closed-eruption surgical technique, discontinued traction, impacted, periodontal status, upper central incisor, auricular prosthesis, maxillofacial, microtia, mirror image wax pattern, silicone prosthesis, carcinoma cervix, chemotherapy, histopathology, radiotherapy, squamous cell carcinoma, stress response, laryngoscopy and intubation, Ca2+ sparks, mitochondria, mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial ROS flashes, ophthalmology practice, COVID-19, immunohistochemistry, leiomyosarcoma, post-menopause, burning mouth syndrome, stomatodynia, oral dysesthesia, etiology, diagnosis, infertility, human Immunodeficiency Virus, tuberculosis, neovascular glaucoma, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, rubeosis iridis, open angle stage, angle closure stage, shoulder recurrent dislocation, boytchev treatment. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical research.

  • An Existential Odyssey: A Study of Women Characters in Manju Kapur’s Novels

    In the vast landscape of literary analysis, the intersection of existential philosophy and the portrayal of women in literature has always been a fertile ground for exploration. This book delves into precisely this territory, offering a nuanced examination of women characters in the novels of Manju Kapur through the lens of existentialism.

    Manju Kapur's oeuvre stands as a testament to the complexities of human existence, particularly as experienced by women navigating through societal expectations, personal dilemmas, and existential predicaments. In this scholarly endeavour, the author meticulously dissects Kapur's narratives to unravel the existential threads that weave through her characters' lives.

    The journey embarked upon in this writing is one that traverses through the philosophical landscape laid out by luminaries such as Sartre, Kierkegaard, Heidegger, Marcel, and Camus. These philosophical pillars serve as guiding lights, illuminating the path towards a deeper understanding of Kapur's thematic preoccupations and narrative structures.

    Each chapter unfolds a new facet of Kapur's existentialist tapestry, from the examination of freedom, choice, and bad faith to the exploration of guilt, alienation, anxiety, and despair. Through meticulous analysis and insightful commentary, the author uncovers the existential dilemmas faced by Kapur's women characters, shedding light on their struggles, aspirations, and ultimate quests for self-discovery.

    This book is not merely an academic exercise; it is a journey of discovery, inviting readers to delve into the intricate layers of Kapur's literary world and contemplate the existential realities it reflects. By placing Kapur's work within the broader philosophical framework of existentialism, this book offers a new perspective on her contributions to Indian literature and existential fiction.

    As readers embark on this scholarly expedition, may they find inspiration in the convergence of literature and philosophy, and may the insights gleaned from these pages resonate long after the final chapter is closed.

  • India’s New Drugs and Clinical Trial Rules: Perception and Perspectives of Indian Researchers

    This book covers the development of an online survey from multiple sources across India using a Google Form to study the perception and perspectives of Indian Researchers regarding the changes in India’s New Drugs and Clinical Trial Rules of 2019 (NDCTR-19).

    Undoubtedly, it is essential to develop a web-based online survey to research this current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak situation. At the same time, it is also vital to learn the perception and perspectives of Indian researchers because they serve as communicators between sponsors, ethics committees, and patients in clinical trials. Thus, their views are necessary to decide whether the trials are being administered as per the NDCTR-19 and appropriate ethical standards. Moreover, these professionals perform an indispensable role in documenting and reporting to their investigators and the ethics panel if unfair trials are reported, notably on vulnerable peoples.

    Although many studies on Indian clinical trial regulations have been accompanied, and articles published, few earlier researchers have detailed the awareness of principal investigators and the members of the ethics committee about the past clinical trial rules. However, they neglected to know the perceptions and perspectives of researchers, such as research assistants, coordinators, associates, and managers across India. These limitations in the literature have encouraged me to prepare a volume covering the methodology developed to study the knowledge of these researchers regarding the changes in NDCTR-19.

    The book comprises 11 chapters. The first chapter represents an overview of the drugs and clinical trial rules. The chapter highlights these rules in the global and Indian context. The second chapter discusses the procedure of a web-based online survey study to investigate the awareness and opinions of researchers on the NDCTR-19. The third chapter outlines clinical trials in detail in the global and Indian context. The chapter summarizes clinical trial phases, design, and ethical aspects in detail. The fourth chapter evaluates the past and recent incomplete and biased unethical trials on human beings in India. The chapter also highlights the necessary step was taken by the Indian government to address specific reports of unethical clinical trials. The fifth chapter summarizes the history, recent changes, knowledge, and impact of NDCTR-19. The sixth chapter provides an introduction to COVID-19 and discusses the conduct of clinical trials during the COVID-19 pandemic in India. The seventh chapter exhibits the development of an online survey from multiple sources across India. The chapter also summarizes the strengths and weaknesses of the methodology. Chapter 8 provides the knowledge and views of Indian researchers, followed by chapter 9 provides according to Indian zones and Chapter 10 provides various views of different researchers according to their job roles. The final chapter (Chapter 11) presents the complete summary and conclusions.

  • Research Advances and Challenges in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of agricultural sciences. The contributions by the authors include biosciences and biotechnology, high-yielding varieties, green revolution, nitrogen-based fertilizer, rice production, technology gap analysis, HYV program, rootstock system, fruit crop improvement, scion breeding, phenolic content, trend pattern analysis, wheat production, cereal-based production, usefulness of dietary products, NPK fertilizers, growth response of cassava, cassava chips, monocropping, germination potential, seed invigoration, seeding rates, lentil, seed priming, micro-lysimeters, bimodal analytical convection dispersion equation, tracer transport, breakthrough curves, postharvest effects, banana genome, respiration intensity, temperature influence, climate change, food security, crop productivity, transformative farming methods, off-season multiplication, vine planting methods, value chain challenges, meat probes, feed back and feed forward, transect, meat quality, genetic similarities, candidatus phytoplasma australasia, phyllody disease, crop losses. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and  academicians in the field agricultural sciences.

  • Cutting-edge Research in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 13

    This book covers key areas of agricultural sciences. The contributions by the authors include promoting agencies and facilitating agencies, local community development; Planning, Participation; Participatory rural appraisal; Rural population; policy reform, phytotoxicity; banana micropropagation, irrigation; practices; soils and assessments, digital mapping; remote sensing; GIS; land management, drip irrigation; fertigation; subsurface drip irrigation; water use efficiency, crop physiology; crop productivity; crop management; seed priming; inter simple sequence repeat, genetic polymorphisms, amplification, weather variability, solar dryer; radiation; moisture content; sun drying; postharvest technology. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of agricultural sciences.

  • Intersections of Neurobiology and Oncology: Foundations and Frontiers in Cancer Neuroscience

    "Intersections of Neurobiology and Oncology: Foundations and Frontiers in Cancer Neuroscience" explores the convergence of neurobiology and oncology, shedding light on the intricate relationship between the nervous system and cancer. This interdisciplinary field delves into the mechanisms underlying the development, progression, and treatment of neurological complications associated with cancer, offering novel insights into both disciplines.

    Neurobiology and oncology intersect in various ways, with shared molecular pathways, cellular interactions, and physiological processes influencing cancer progression and neural function. Understanding these intersections provides a foundation for uncovering the underlying mechanisms driving neuro-oncological disorders, such as brain metastases, paraneoplastic syndromes, and treatment-related neurotoxicity.

    At the forefront of cancer neuroscience research are innovative methodologies and technologies that enable the investigation of complex interactions between cancer cells and the nervous system. Advanced neuroimaging techniques, computational modeling approaches, and high-throughput genomic analyses offer unprecedented opportunities to unravel the intricacies of neuro-oncological diseases and identify potential therapeutic targets.

    Moreover, this burgeoning field holds promise for translating basic science discoveries into clinical applications, with implications for personalized medicine, targeted therapies, and precision oncology. By elucidating the molecular and cellular mechanisms driving neuro-oncological pathogenesis, researchers aim to develop novel treatment strategies that mitigate neurological complications, improve patient outcomes, and enhance the quality of life for individuals affected by cancer.

    Cancer neuroscience stands at the forefront of biomedical research, offering a compelling convergence of two intricate disciplines: cancer biology and neuroscience. This emerging field delves into the complex interplay between the nervous system and cancer, unraveling a tapestry of molecular, cellular, and systemic interactions that profoundly shape tumor development, progression, and response to therapy. With each passing year, our understanding of the intricate crosstalk between neural circuits and malignant cells deepens, opening new avenues for innovative diagnostic strategies, therapeutic interventions, and prognostic biomarkers.

    The genesis of cancer neuroscience can be traced to seminal discoveries that unveiled the profound impact of the nervous system on tumor growth and metastasis. From the early identification of neurotrophic factors and neurotransmitter receptors expressed by cancer cells to the elucidation of neural circuits governing tumor angiogenesis and immune evasion, the field has witnessed remarkable progress fueled by interdisciplinary collaboration and technological innovation.

    As cancer neuroscience continues to evolve, interdisciplinary collaborations between neurobiologists, oncologists, radiologists, computational biologists, and other experts are essential for advancing our understanding of the intricate interplay between the nervous system and cancer. By bridging the gap between neurobiology and oncology, researchers can uncover new avenues for therapeutic intervention and pave the way for transformative discoveries in cancer neuroscience.

    In this Book, we embark on a journey into the realm of cancer neuroscience, exploring the fundamental principles, cutting-edge research findings, and clinical implications that define this rapidly evolving discipline. Through a lens that encompasses molecular biology, cellular physiology, computational modeling, and clinical translation, we aim to illuminate the intricate tapestry of neural-tumor interactions and their profound implications for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic strategies.

    As we navigate the frontiers of cancer neuroscience, we are confronted with a myriad of unanswered questions and untapped opportunities. How do neural circuits influence tumor initiation and progression? What molecular mechanisms underlie the neural regulation of tumor angiogenesis and metastasis? Can targeting neuroimmune interactions offer novel avenues for cancer therapy? These are but a few of the compelling queries that propel our quest for deeper insights into the neurobiology of cancer.

    In this book, we invite readers to join us on this intellectual journey, as we unravel the mysteries of cancer neuroscience and harness its transformative potential to combat one of the most formidable challenges facing modern medicine. Together, let us embark on a journey of discovery, innovation, and hope in our quest to conquer cancer and alleviate the burden of disease for patients worldwide.

  • New Approaches in Engineering Research Vol. 12

    This book covers key areas of engineering research. The contributions by the authors include DFT-based approach, Dynamic resource allocation, transceiver structure, film cooling, adiabatic effectiveness, injection angle, blowing ratio, ANSYS, strut-and-tie model, inclination angle, deep beam, crack pattern, ductility, fuzzy method, hydrolysis, Polyester, partially oriented yarn, densification, crystalline regions, alkaline hydrolysis, weightloss denslity, critical dissolution time, molecular weight, alkaline oxidation deweighting process, hydrophobicity, breathing patterns, cluster, classification, decision tree, K-nearest neighbor, pranayama, metaheuristics, artificial bee colony, cluster head selection, bacterial foraging algorithm, hybridization, supersonic flow, gas media, external energy deposition, triple-shock configuration, complex conservative difference scheme, blood perfusion, porosity, non-Fourier law, heat conduction, ambient temperature, photovoltaic system, Direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation, Stochastic Maximum Likelihood (SML), Distorted wavefront, Cramér Rao bound, Time-varying complex-valued AR (1) model, Road accident, accident scenario, road security, road signpost. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of engineering research.

  • Innovations in Biological Science Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of biological science. The contributions by the authors include escherichia coli, food-borne diarrheas, hemolytic uremic syndrome, sorbitol macconkey agar, vehicular pollution, leaf's photosynthetic pigments, quality and quantity of air, natural photoperiod, photoperiod manipulation, behavioral development, arsenic toxicity, metal pollutant, concentrations of sodium arsenite, zeolites, medicinal plant, antidote for snakebite, pharmacognostic features, stomatal index, martian ooid, martian microbes, microbial borings, phylogenetic analysis, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, intense trade and tourism exchanges, virus spreading, mRNA vaccines, incorporation of moringa oleifera leaf flour, fish farming, animal meal, processing of moringa, oncologic disease, use of anaesthetic agents, surgical tissue trauma, tumour growth, tropical theileriosis, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, indigenous breeds, cytokine storm, breed specific immunity, food safety, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry technique, health risk assessment, environmental pollution, heavy metals, anthropogenic activities, Gobiidae, fish species diversity, morphology characteristics, caudal peduncle depth, photodiode array detector, canthaxanthin, feed additives,  carotenoids, poultry industry. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and  academicians in the field biological science.

  • New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 15

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical research. The contributions by the authors include trauma, injury severity score, new injury severity score, revised trauma score, trauma and injury severity score, prognosis, anterior crossbite, acrylic bite blocks, Caesarean section, postpartum hemorrhage, tissue abnormality, erythrocytes, sickle cell, osmolality, hemolysis, hemoglobin, glycophorin A, clinical findings, CNS activities, traumatic brain injury, stroke, cytotoxic brain tissue edema, proteins, adult brain injury, mesenteric vein thrombosis, AMI: acute mesenteric ischaemia, short case series, blood coagulation disorders, thrombectomy, thrombolysis, plasma exeresis, fillers, complication, pediatric age group, South India, eczemas, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, COVID-19, paternal age, chromosomal aneuploidies, risk calculation, anterior cruciate ligament, adolescent, ligamentous tear, obesity, insulin resistance, comorbidities, type 2 diabetes, thyroid gland, fasting insulin, low carbohydrate diet, vitamin D, physical exercise, laser dental education, curriculum guidelines for laser education, laser turbulence, laser penetration, mechanisms of laser turbulence tissue interaction, septic shock, ureteroscopic stone removal, gram negative bacilli, microRNA, oncomiR, epigenetic modifications, miRNA processing, sequence variations, ceRNA, miRNA replacement therapy, liastolic dysfunction, atrial fibrillation, cardiac disease. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical research.

  • Progress in Language, Literature and Education Research Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of language, literature and education. The contributions by the authors include professional development, digital literacy, teaching practices, digital transformation, participatory teaching methods, learning of mathematics and biology, life skills, interactive technology integration, educational programmes and policies, universal basic education, finance in education, education funding, emergency remote education, in-person education, distance education, digital information and communication technologies, language mixing, code-mixing, sociolinguistic inquiry, congruent lexicalization, sinhalese–english bilinguals, women empowerment, educational platforms for girls, higher education, economic constraints, student engagement, early childhood education, developmentally appropriate practices, instructional strategies, lifelong learning, british system, teamwork, vocabulary learning strategies, english studies, higher order thinking skills, cognitive strategies, focus, action, and reflection strategy, surds, classroom learning, concept of trichotomy, numerical learning model, formative assessment, english language, teaching pedagogy, poor writing skills, effective writing. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and  academicians in the field language, literature and education.

  • Challenges and Advances in Chemical Science Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of chemical science. The contributions by the authors include corrosion inhibitor, CuNps, anodic inhibitor, microwave assisted synthesis, thermostat method, magnetic properties, super paramagnetism,  Unsymmetrical porphyrins, metalloporphyrins, EPR, meso-functionalization, Heterogeneous catalyst, xanthenediones, reusability, silica supported orthophosphoric acid, Impurities, high purity Zr, extraction process, PC88A, D2EHPA, ICP-MS, nano ZrO2, Pectin, natural resources, pectin manufacturing,  extractions, Drill cuttings, bioremediation,  PAH compounds, X-ray agents,  gel contrast media, RE-tantalates, solid solutions. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of chemical science.

  • New Visions in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical science. The contributions by the authors include severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, placental necrosis, histopathological findings, placental infarction, fourniers gangrene, septicaemia induced acute heart failure, elevated trop I, cardiac dysfunction, extramedullary plasmacytoma maxilla, plasma cells, solitary plasmacytoma, solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma, plasmoblastic myeloma, chemotherapy, radiosensitive tumor, esophagitis, actinomycosis, steroids treatment, drug penetration, antibiotic treatment, cellular phone tower radiation, electromagnetic radiation, ionizing radiation, hazardous to human health, colon cancer, rectal cancer, comprehensive cancer center ulm, multimodal treatments of primary tumors, national guidelines, adverse drug reaction, terbinafine, management of sciatica, vajigandhadi taila kala basti, ayurvedic principles, pain and tenderness, reticular nucleus of the thalamus, brain stem formations, nucleus of the solitary tract, mesencephalic reticular formation, carpal tunnel syndrome, electromyography, surgical treatment, neuropathy syndrome, afternoon clinics, patient satisfaction, scheduling appointments, vascular surgery, burnout syndrome, stressful working environments, physical and emotional exhaustion, nurse’s experience, recurrent squamous cell pancreatic carcinoma, peritoneal carcinomatosis, palliative care, hyperthermic intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy, cytoreductive surgery, primary pancreatic squamous cell cancer, arteriovenous malformation, CT angiography, external ear malformation, vascular malformation. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and  academicians in the field medicine and medical science.

  • Modern Perspectives in Economics, Business and Management Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of economics, business and management. The contributions by the authors include theory of economic discrimination, Structural regression decomposition, wealth inequality, wealth accumulation, free blacks and slavery, Modern net savings, gradualism, civil war, Freedoms, economic consequences, insignificant returns, education, Economic theory, political economy, social economy, Economic geography, economic history and urban economics. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of economics, business and management.

  • Research Updates in Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of mathematics and computer science. The contributions by the authors include power series method, black-scholes model, finite difference methods, crank-nicholson methodologies, interval assignment problem, fully interval assignment problems, linear programming techniques, crisp environment, linear mixed model parameters, bio-statistics, maximum likelihood, newton-raphson algorithm, discrete multiple orthogonal polynomials, Rodrigue’s type formula, meixner polynomials, linear discriminant analysis, vacant land allocations, fisher's linear discriminant, object classification, fuzzy graph, human trafficking, fuzzy abstract algebra, legacy computational systems, modernization, data migration, customer relationship management, finite capacity queueing model, Markovian queuing model, controllable arrival rates, reverse reneging, Caputo–Riesz time-space-fractional nonlinear wave equation, numerical efficiency, energy dissipation, dissipative finite-difference scheme, Bridging theory and practice, classical wave equation, engineering mathematics, partial differential equations, vector calculus, fourier series. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and  academicians in the field mathematics and computer science.

  • Role of Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in Management of Hypertension in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease on Hemodialysis

    Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is strongly associated with hypertension (HTN) and each can cause or aggravate the other. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is a superior prognostic marker compared with office BP and has successfully identified hypertensive CKD patients at increased risk. ABPM provides information on circadian BP variation and short-term BP variability, which is associated with cardiovascular and renal outcomes. This review examines the role of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in management of hypertension in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing regular hemodialysis.

  • Intricacies of Animal Behaviour: From Evolutionary Foundations to Practical Application

    Welcome to the fascinating world of animal behavior! This book delves into the intricate and captivating behaviors exhibited by creatures large and small, from the depths of the ocean to the highest mountains, and every ecosystem in between.

    Animals have long been a source of wonder and curiosity for humans. We observe their actions with a mix of awe, confusion, and admiration. From the elegant dance of a bird in flight to the complex social structures of a pride of lions, the behaviors of animals offer us a window into their lives and the natural world at large.

    In these pages, we will explore the myriad ways in which animals interact with each other and their environment. We will uncover the reasons behind their behaviors, from the instinctual to the learned, and examine the evolutionary forces that have shaped their actions over millions of years.

    Through careful observation, experimentation, and research, scientists have uncovered many secrets of animal behavior. Yet, there is still much to learn and discover. As our understanding of the natural world deepens, so too does our appreciation for the complexity and diversity of life on Earth.

    Whether you are a seasoned biologist, an animal enthusiast, or simply curious about the world around you, this book invites you to embark on a journey of exploration and discovery. Prepare to be amazed by the wonders of animal behavior and to gain a newfound appreciation for the creatures with whom we share our planet.

  • Guidelines for Establishment of Partnerships, Forest Resources and Resource User’s Boundaries in Kenya

    Participatory forest management has been globally studied and it has been argued that clearly defined boundaries for access of the community forest resources will lead to sustainable use of resources and enhanced sustainable livelihoods to the communities dependent on the forests for their survival. In contrast, however current studies indicate that while there are efforts to define spatial boundaries of resource use and the resource users within the community based forest management approaches, the definition of boundaries of resource use and resources users has proved more difficult, for instance when gathering relevant information and tools that can promote forest resource users partnerships,  engaging of different stakeholders, assisting local communities to organize, preparing for negotiations meetings, procedures, rules, logistics and equity considerations, negotiating for  the establishment of agreements and empowering  of the local communities. This book therefore provides a process that would guide the establishment of partnerships when establishing forest resources and resource users’ boundaries in order to enhance sustainable use of forest resources, mitigate conflicts and improve the livelihoods of communities depended on forests for their survival. Qualitative research design was employed in the book. All the forests involved in participatory forest management in Kenya namely: Keraite; Nyamweru, Arabuko-Sokoke Forest, Kakamega, Loita, and upper Imenti were selected for to provide information for writing the book.

  • Research Advances in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of environment, geography and earth science. The contributions by the authors include empirical mode decomposition, intrinsic mode functions, potential field separation, Jianshandian mine, geophysical potential, fourier transform, wavelet transform, Wavelet decomposition, petroleum industry, mineral deposits, mathematical functions, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, crashing waves, organic compounds, carcinogenic properties, aquatic organisms, volcanic eruptions, forest fires, biomass, household air pollution, particulate matter, respiratory illnesses, chronic obstructive lung disease, seismic hazard, micro-zoning levels, geographical Information systems, kinetic mechanism, trend assessment, China Pakistan Economic corridor, flash floods, global climate risk index, precipitation trend analysis, Malthus's critics, Malthus's theory of population growth, unplanned urban growth, international trade, terrain analyses, inter-tropical discontinuity, water quality, water- sanitation-hygiene services, electrical conductivity, faecal coliforms, waterborne microbial diversity and dysbiosis, climatic change, zoonotic transmission, carcinogenesis. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of environment, geography and earth science.

  • Ionic Solids: Introduction, General Aspects

    This book reviews the introduction of ionic solids. The transport phenomena in the solid state are of equal importance in basic research and potential applications. The particular interest has been directed towards ionic solids because of their attractive electric-power applications. Ionic conduction is an essential process in many solid-state reactions. Ionic conductors have different microstructure and physical properties. Solid ionic conductors are generally classified into four types of phases: open channel structures, amorphous-glassy electrolytes, polymer electrolytes and composite electrolytes. Each has important applications with different fabrication requirements.

  • Recent Research Advances in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of arts and social studies. The contributions by the authors include mindfulness yoga, mindful attention awareness, parental stress, African traditional religion, early morning prayers, cultural festivities, culturally diverse classroom, multicultural competence, constitution, principal, legal community, sovereignty, internal migration, logistic regression, poverty, social networking impact, digital socialization, media content influence, internet usage awareness, virtual society, globalization, dalit caste, Hinduism, occupational change, privatization, social system caste, fisherman community, zeitgeist, eswatini elementary curriculum, emotional ideas, analytical cognitivism, bamboo craft business, rural development, sustainability, biodegradability. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of arts and social studies.

  • Modern Perspectives of Logistics Transport in Economics: Empirical Studies in Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam Vol. 1

    Transport logistics is one of the most important sectors of the economy, its share is increasing every year, which is determined by the process of globalization. In the European Union, the transport and storage sector that employs about 11 million people, accounting for more than 5% of total employment and almost 5% of GDP (Egils Ginters, Vytautas Paulauskas, Mario Arturo Ruiz Estrada, 2019). Transport logistics is an important part of logistics and supply chain organizations in order to reduce costs and improve services (MD Sarder, 2020). The fact is that transportation costs contribute significantly to total logistics costs, building both efficient delivery networks and intermodal transport is critical to reducing logistics costs (Bertha, Maya, Sopha, and associates, 2020). Logistics transport consists of six modes which are (1) Road transport, (2) Rail transport, (3) Marine transport, (4) Inland water transport, (5) Air transport and (6) pipeline transport. Author wishes to introduce to readers, learners especially researchers this book in terms of Empirical studies on Logistics transport with Modern Perspectives in Economics, the cases of Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam. The book consists of three chapters, chapter one is to measure the Transport Logistics Performance under a Perspective of Economics: The Case of Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam, chapter two that applying ARCH, GARCH, GARCH MLR Models to Forecast Volatility of Transportation Sector through Its Three Subscribe Modes Like Road, Water, Seas Ways: Empirical Case of Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam, and chapter three is about assessing the Index of Passenger Load and Goods Load Impact on Air Transportation Logistics Performance: the Case of Vietnam. This is the product of author that hope to give readers, learners especially researchers to have reference in order to have an overall looking the Logistics transport situation in Ho chi Minh, Vietnam. Author does expect to issue the next book soon which is also study on Logistics transport in economics, the cases in Vietnam. Author would like to say thank you very much for the editorial board of B P International, especially Dear Dr. Sumona Bag who always greatly-strongly supports me.

  • Contemporary Research in Business, Management and Economics Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of business, management and economics. The contributions by the authors include smile curve, global value chains, ASEAN’s economic dynamism, flying-geese, regional comprehensive economic partnership, visual images, corporate visual identity management, market competitiveness, visual brand audit, private banking development, new technologies, financial services, flexible asset management, continuous manufacturing industry, Henry Ford’s Model T, total quality management, business excellence, operations value chain, national health protection scheme, health disparity, public provision of health insurance, public healthcare resources, poverty alleviation, economic development, agricultural economies, monetary growth of listed companies, motivating employees, employee’s willingness, hygiene factors, corporate incentives, collapse of silicon valley bank, bankruptcy, credit and cash management, emerging technologies. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and  academicians in the field business, management and economics.

  • Comparison of Domestic Sewage Treatment Status in Rural Areas of Suzhou and Kenya and Discussion on Process Optimization

    There is a tremendous need for elaborate, efficient and optimized domestic sewage treatment systems in rural areas all over the globe. In this study, the process, treatment efficiency, and operation management of rural wastewater sewage treatment in Suzhou are investigated and discussed. The comparison of rural domestic wastewater treatment mode between Suzhou and Kenya is analyzed. According to the investigation and analysis, it can be concluded that: for the decentralized rural domestic sewage, it is suitable to collect it separately, take the natural village as the unit to construct the sewage treatment device, and the treatment process adopts ABR anaerobic treatment + composite constructed wetland, which has the characteristics of energy-saving, convenient management and beautifying the environment; while for the rural area close to the town, it can be collected to the urban sewage treatment plant for treatment.

  • Basic Concepts of Engineering Chemistry

    Introducing "Basic Concepts of Engineering Chemistry," an extensive manual created to give enthusiasts and students a strong foundation in the fundamental concepts of chemistry as they apply to the engineering sector. The book provides a thoughtful and balanced examination of fundamental chemical ideas that serve as the foundation for many engineering specialties. The goal of this publication is to simplify chemical principles such that they are understandable and applicable to everyday circumstances in engineering practice. It is a great resource whether you want to learn more about the chemical components of engineering and the book combines elements of chemistry with other engineering disciplines, acknowledging the multidisciplinary nature of modern engineering and promoting an in-depth understanding of how chemical principles interact with engineering practices.

    We hope that this book will begin your educational journey through "Basic Concepts of Engineering Chemistry," helping you to develop a profound understanding of the fundamental role that chemistry plays in influencing the engineering world.

     The investigation of these basic ideas will provide a solid basis for your future academic and professional endeavours in the exciting field of engineering.

  • New Visions in Biological Science Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of biological science. The contributions by the authors include complexity, category theory, entropy, information, evolution, biological time, complexity, information, entropy, structuredness measure, dissipative and post-dissipative structures, structure genesis, temporal structures, time measured by complex numbers, mitochondrial genome, Chargaff’s parity rules, nucleotide content, normalization, vertebrates, invertebrates, primates, human being, cerebral, fingers, origin of life, primitive organisms, hymenotera, natural enemy, bibliographic summary, fluorescence analysis, physicochemical character, fresh water crab, feeding behaviour, vacuity indices, missense mutation, endothelium, flow-induced paracrine mechanisms, nitric oxide, prostaglandins, epithelial Na channel, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, graphene, nanomaterials, eutrophication. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of biological science.

  • Contemporary Perspective on Science, Technology and Research Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of science, technology and research. The contributions by the authors include mobility solutions, hybrid stair-ramp integration, ramp-cum-stair system, accessibility improvement, noise removal, futuristic flask with convolution neural network, additive white gaussian noise, convolutional neural network, GPU computing, optical communication using laser, OAM waves, free space communication, unmanned aerial vehicles, power substations, reliable electricity supply, CAPES, growing demand for electricity, unitary quasi-equivalence, isometry, Hilbert space, co-isometry and partial isometric properties, inductive interaction, HV and EHV distribution cable lines, metal installations, fluctuating magnetic field, steam superheaters fault detection, residue method, steam temperature, thermal power plants, plasma current, thermal barrier coatings, microstructure, solution precursor plasma spray, thermal spray, oxidation resistance properties, bioactive glass coatings, cobalt-60 gamma ray exposure, physical and thermoluminescence properties, silver-doped lithium-strontium-borate, x-ray diffraction analysis, peroxidase activity, local bean varieties, crude enzyme extract, reactive oxygen species. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and  academicians in the field science, technology and research.

  • Climate Change and Rice Production: Adaptation Strategies and Capacity

    Malaysia became a wealthy, urbanised, and industrialised country during the next three and a half decades as a consequence of fast economic development and structural changes. Farmers in rural Malaysia, on the other hand, continue to suffer from poverty. As a consequence, farmers account for the majority of Malaysia's poor. The gap between those who are poor in rural regions and those who are poor in cities is increasing, requiring action. As a matter of fact, it appears that focusing on farms is essential in alleviating rural poverty. Due to their reliance on agricultural output for a living, farmers have been designated as the most susceptible population to climate change. Small- scale farms are the more vulnerable to climate change than large-scale farms. Climate change has the potential to significantly diminish agricultural output, impacting rural per capita income and poverty levels. Farmers' perceptions of the issue, as well as their responses to it, are critical for successful climate change adaptation. Much of Malaysian climate change research focuses on the consequences of climate change, historical and future trends, with agriculture accounting for a significant percentage of the research. The importance of agriculture as a key contributor to national Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is one possible reason why climate change implications on agriculture have garnered so much attention in Malaysia. But unfortunately, they did not consider so much the adaptation barriers, strategies and capacity to climate risks among rice farmers in Malaysia, who are equally vulnerable to the impacts of climate change.

    One could wonder what effect climate change is having on rice farmers' poverty. Are farmers aware of climate change's consequences? Are they equipped to handle the situation? What is the extent of their adaptability? What problems do they encounter in terms of adaptability, and how do they deal with them? What alternatives do they have for coping with climate change adaptation? Therefore, this study attempts to fill in the gap by examining the economic impact of climate change on farmer poverty in Kedah and the factors that influence farmers' adaptation decisions and their willingness to pay (WTP) for crop insurance in order to adapt to climate change. Furthermore, this study attempted to investigate the difficulties that farmers face in their adaptation process, and a policy-relevant integrated environmental protection waqf model is presented to assist farmers in overcoming these obstacles. The farmers' willingness to accept the suggested model is also evaluated in order to validate the concept. Overall, this book utilises Kedah as a case study to illustrate farmers' perceptions of climate change, adaptation hurdles, techniques, and possible remedies, both traditional and Islamic. Paddy production by Malaysian farmers supplied 70% of the country's consumption demands, with half of the supply coming from the state of Kedah, also known as Malaysia's rice bowl. One of the study's drawbacks is that it will not cover the full country of Malaysia.

    There are eight chapters in this book. The introduction, significance of the study, methodology, as well as its importance and limits, are all covered in the first chapter. The second chapter's goal is to assess the economic effects of climate change on rice farmers' poverty. The study's goal was achieved through the use of a logit model. The findings revealed that education had a substantial influence on poverty. In rural Malaysia, farm size, labour costs, and temperature all have a major impact on poverty levels. The third chapter looks at how farmers

    perceive adaptation strategies and the challenges they face. The study's objectives were met using the weighted average index (WAI) and the problem confrontation index (PCI). The results of the WAI analysis showed that the farmers ranked improved irrigation as the most important adaptation strategies. The PCI analysis showed that high cost of farm inputs, unpredictable weather, lack of water resources, lack of timely weather information and lack of access to credit facilities were the most serious barriers faced by the farmers.

    The purpose of Chapter four is to investigate the factors which affect farmers' choice about climate change adaptation strategies. In this study, a logit model was used to identify the characteristics that influence farmers' choice of climate change adaptation strategies. Access to extension, income, understanding of climate change, household size, and farm size all impact whether rice farmers employ adaptation strategies.


    For policymakers to determine the awareness, attitude and adaptation behaviour of the farmers, a thorough grasp of their views of present climatic variability, as well as local trends in response to climate change, is critical. Chapter five evaluated farmers' adaptation behaviour recognising this issue. Perceived sensitivity, severity, and advantages of climate change all have a role in boosting climate change awareness and forming favourable attitudes to mitigate the negative consequences of climate change, according to this study. The study also addresses the mediating effects of climate change awareness and attitudes towards climate change between perception and adaptation behaviours.

    In the study region, little is known about farmers' adaptive capabilities (AC) to adaptation techniques for coping with climate change in rice production. The AC of rice farmers in Kedah were estimated in chapter six. This was based on the attributes of knowledge, use, accessibility, availability and consultation related to the issue of adaptation to climate change. The AC of farmers estimated were categorized into high, moderate and low adaptive capacity. The result of this study revealed that farmers are highly adaptive to the drought- tolerant rice varieties, changing planting dates, use of chemical fertilizers, early maturing rice varieties and formal irrigation system while moderately adaptive capacity in term of farming near water bodies, farming on fallowed land, crop rotation, mixed cropping and mono-cropping. Those farmers who have a low degree of adaption rely on strategies such as improved irrigation system, varied planting in rice farms and increased use of water and soil conservation techniques. Generally, farmers are moderately adaptive to CC strategies as reflected by the average AC value 0.51, but it was found that only 21.25 per cent farmers have high adaptive capacities whereas 44.25 per cent farmers have low adaptive capacities in the study area.

    Chapter seven examines the factors that influence farmers' desire to purchase crop insurance in the agricultural industry. Descriptive statistics and the logit regression model are used to analyse the data. For every RM 1000 coverage per hectare each season, respondents' average willingness-to-pay (WTP) for monthly crop insurance premiums is MYR 48.15. The significant variables influencing willingness to pay crop insurance by the farmers are the age of household head, attending the training course, farm income, and experience and farm size.

    Chapter eight's goals are to present the Integrated Waqf Environmental Protection Model (IWEP) and examine farmers' willingness to adopt it. The intention of the farmers to adopt the suggested approach was investigated using the theory of reasoned action (TRA) model, which included perceived obstacles and socioeconomic factors. Structural equation modelling ((SEM) was used to analyse the gathered data .The subjective norm is favourable, according to the SEM results, and has a substantial influence on low-income farmers' intentions to adopt the IWEP model. This indicates that the decision of the low-income farmers to accept the IWEP model is significantly influenced by their family members, neighbours and friends. Furthermore, awareness and perceived barriers have a greater impact on the elderly, highly educated and wealthy farmers. According to the findings, the elderly, highly educated, and rich farmers are aware of climate change and perceive greater dangers or hurdles as a result of it. As a result, they are more inclined to plan for adaptability.

  • Current Approaches in Engineering Research and Technology Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of engineering research and technology. The contributions by the authors include biodiesel; human health; biofuel, ignition and combustion characteristics of blended fuels, grey relational analysis, aluminium matrix composites, AA7068/TiC metal matrix composites, titanium carbide (TiC) particles, city development, geographic information systems, advanced planning systems, management information systems, development planning, forest fires, safeguard wildlife, machine learning, ecosystems and biodiversity, corona charge deposition technique, microchip technology, junction field effect transistor, front-end of-line fabrication, SIO2 film, high-frequency simulator structure software, square patch antennas at 2.4ghz, radiation pattern, minimally-intrusive fiber-optic sensing system, high-enthalpy rocket plumes, Wien's law, dwell-time, anti-seismic design method, wind forces, seismic performance, soil-structure interaction. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and  academicians in the field engineering research and technology.

  • Issues and Development in Health Research Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of health research. The contributions by the authors include oral pre-malignant lesions, tobacco smoking, carcinogen, anticardiolipin antibody, lupus anticoagulant, antiphospholipid antibody, antithrombin deficiency, prothrombin mutation, nurse administrator, healthcare, facility design, awareness of nurses, eclampsia, pre-eclampsia, hypertension disorder, chronic vascular disease, blood pressure, medical practitioners, foodborne diseases, food handlers, breast cancer, matrix metalloproteinase, all-trans retinoic acid, VO2 and VCO2 rate variability, glucose intolerance, oral glucose tolerance test, glucose metabolism, prehospital care, upper limb fractures, nursing, problem solving, self-directed learning, traditional learning, pandemic preparedness, assessment, social change, multi-stakeholder, lessons learned, large-scale efforts. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of health research.

  • New Visions in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical science. The contributions by the authors include cushing’s syndrome, ectopic adreno-cortical tropic hormone, glucocorticoids, pulmonary thromboembolism, cataract surgery, postoperative visual outcome, manual small incision cataract surgery, severe visual impairment, postoperative visual acuity, alzheimer’s disease, immunosenescence, amyloid-beta (A\(\beta\)) deposition, neurofibrillary tangles, inflammaging, phosphorylated tau protein, anxiety, orthopedic surgery, counselling, educational status, ferroptosis-induced metabolic shifts, glutaminolysis, H9c2 cardioblast cells, glutathione peroxidase 4, XJB-5-131, cavernous hemangiomas, cranial tumor, primary intraosseous cavernous hemangiomas, tumor markers, fibrous dysplasia, intraosseous meningioma, langerhans cell histiocytosis, stafne's bone cavity, radiological characteristics, panoramic radiographs, mandibular development and ossification, medical education, cultural traditions, visual thinking strategies, evidence-based learning approaches, hypertension, lifestyle factors, employment status, nursing-related ramifications, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, eculizumab, neisseria meningitidis, prophylactic antibiotics. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and  academicians in the field of medicine and medical science.

  • Current Topics on Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 11

    This book covers key areas of mathematics and computer science. The contributions by the authors include smart schooling system, smart education, Analytical Hierarchy Process, I-Non-expansive multi-valued mapping, Fixed point, Weak convergence, Strong convergence, Banach space, Ishikawa iteration, countable family, elliptic curve cryptography, double and add operation, affine coordinates, social enterprise, sustainability of social enterprise, social economy, social enterprise in Korea, dilation, Erosion, Hypergraph, Intuitionistic Fuzzy, Klein four-group, statistical inference, contraception, pregnancy rate, pregnant woman rate, image Segmentation, image recognition, texton, pixels, merging algorithm for mobile users, pseudo-differential type operator, Hankel type convolution, Bessel type operator, Hankel type transform, Sobolev type space, human thinking, single sampling plan, Gamma-Zero inflated poisson distribution, oc curve, minimum angle method, risk minimization. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of mathematics and computer science.

  • Basics of Geographic Information System (GIS)

    The book focuses on the basics of GIS without which the core understanding about GIS is not possible. It helps the reader how to carefully analyse and decide about placing a real world entity either as a raster or as a vector (point, line or polygon). The book discusses the projection system which helps the reader to understand the pros and cons associated in data conversion from a 3D environment to a 2D environment and how the authenticity of the data is hampered. The reader get an understanding about the characteristic features of an ideal data to attain a quality output and points to be considered while collecting data, reasons or sources causing the inaccuracy of data with special reference to the vector data.

    In GIS topology and associated errors is the biggest challenge the text explains the ways and means to fix them. Further, the text explains non topological editing and juggling the data to create a new data set from the existing data, the way to deal with the bulky data in small segments which are presented as a single file with no ambiguities related to feature geometry and the mechanism to produce smooth looking features that looks visually more appealing along with the bulky data compression with almost zero compromise over data quality.

    The reader gets the understanding of data retrieval through query which is factor of data structuring in the database management system which is the base for setting up a vector data model.

    The most important functionality of an efficient GIS model is presenting the data as a map (cartography) such that even a layman can understand it with least training; this aim is achieved by discussing map making and its important elements along with the different types of maps with significant applications which is possible through data manipulation which is usually addressed as data classification in more refined terms.

    The book helps the reader to understand the benefits of data exploration in GIS over statistics. Reading a tabulated or document data seems to be less interpretable and requires a sincere attention this issue can be resolved by representing the data in a pictorial manner which provides at a glance view and easy understanding of any analysis. Reading this chapter one will get to know the application of data analysis and statics analysis in GIS environment that help in understanding the trends and changes in a geographical vicinity along with this reader will also get to know about the different types of queries that can be performed to analyse the data as per different user requirements.

    The content focuses on vector data analysis and simple operations such as buffering, geometry of the entities and associated buffer, variations in buffering, applications of buffering, basic operations of vector data analysis such as overlay operation, its important factors and methods; distance analysis and its applications; pattern analysis and its interpretation; and hot spot determination. Further the content also discusses simple feature manipulation operations such as dissolve, clip, append, select, eliminate, update, erase and split. These geospatial analytical operations help the user in planning projects, exploration projects and many other studies that would have been more expensive and time consuming with less productive results if directly performed in fields.

    GIS offers a platform to study different contributing factors for a phenomenon and attain a solution to a problem by the compilation of the different contributing factors as per there degree of influence. Further the reader can study and understand complex phenomenon such as trend analysis, basics of hill shed, view shed and watershed analysis.

    By the end of the book one gets the understanding about the step by step process of GIS data modelling, the process of data validation and what are the benefits of modelling? Ideally by the end of the chapter the reader will have through understanding of all the concepts of GIS data modelling such that one can handle complex problems with ease and produce the results that are easy to understand by a layman since the end products of a GIS models are simple charts, maps, database sheets or even the animated map and models that require lesser fine visualization skill and provides at a glance view of the complete analysis in a more interpretable manner.

  • New Visions in Science and Technology Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of Science and Technology. The contributions by the authors include Dermatoglyphics, schizophrenia, fingerprint patterns, finger ridge count, biometric features, fingerprint recognition, fingerprint verification and  authentication,  ridge dissociation, Design and fabrication, mixing-machine, Neutrino, capture cross section, Cavendish balance, precision thermometer, ANRI-effect, Green management, maintenance management, preventive maintenance, corrective maintenance, human resources management, Habitat destruction, mountain biking,  Contrast limited adaptive Histogram Equalization, Lifting Wavelet Transform, Stationary-wavelet transform, Bi-cubic interpolation, weighted average, Risk management and assessment, risk control, risk response, risk integration, risk communication,  SOFIC model, enterprise business processes, Migration, simulation, migration incentives, population dynamics, clusters, self curing agent, curing, concrete, admixture, Livestock, deep learning, cattle disease,  transfer learning, Quantitative characteristics, frequency distributions, cumulative distributions, Ogive, Sports and recreation, aging adults, aging adults’ fitness, fitness, service quality, Attendance system, minutiae-based algorithm, fingerprint template, Plasma display panel – PDP, pioneer inventions, plasma television, Organoclay, and curing kinetics. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  Science and Technology.

  • Research Advances and Challenges in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of agricultural sciences. The contributions by the authors include potato spindle tuber viroid, mixed viroid, potato virus X, Y, S, tubers malformation, forage crops, seed priming, nutritional status, pre-germinative metabolism, rabi season, morphometric characteristics, drainage characteristics, groundwater fluctuations, geospatial information systems, molecular phylogenetic analysis, genes related to salt shock, nucleotide sequences analysis, pSymA, genome screening, autotetraploid alfalfa, green mass production, nitrogen-fixing symbiosis, ensifer microsymbionts, biostimulators, agazone and atonik, synthetic bio stmulator, hematological response, gonadal maturity, seaweeds, antimicrobial activity, zooplankton, aquaculture, farmer producer organizations, pomegranate productivity, eco-friendly farming, pesticides, agro-chemicals synthetic fertilizers, livestock feed additives, modern agricultural practices, synthetic fertilizers, Urban gardening, roof top gardening, global agriculture, pesticides, urban agriculture. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and  academicians in the field of agricultural sciences.

  • New Innovations in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of Chemistry and Biochemistry. The contributions by the authors include Deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, serum homocysteine levels, type-2 diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemia, autodock, antiinflammation, Clove oil, anesthesia, surface organs, secretions, n-butanol, methanol, gasoline, emission, compression ignition, spark ignition engine, Ambroxol, roxithromycin, serratiopeptidase, HPLC analysis, sulfonamide, anti-tuberculosis, single crystal x-ray diffraction, ionic liquid, Lactic acid, photoperiodic regime,  CSR4 silkworm breed, pH effect, solubility, partition coefficient, Nernst distribution law, Polymer biocomposite, rice husk, compatibilizer, mechanical properties, bio-polymer, heavy elements, concentration, polluting water, borehole, well water, physicochemical parameters, Biodiesel, microalgae, oil extraction, supercritical methanolysis, transesterification. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  Chemistry and Biochemistry.

  • Innovations in Biological Science Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of biological science. The contributions by the authors include egg mass, egg weight groups, nongenetic factors, gosling quality, keratinase enzyme, cosmetic industry, acne treatment, intriguing proteolytic enzymes, submerged fermentation, solid state fermentation, polarising agents and spin tags for dynamic nuclear polarisation, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, high-gyromagnetic ratio, signal enhancement, magic-angle spinning, plant functional traits, vegetation dynamics, colonizing gaps in forest ecosystems, octolasion species, cosmopolitan european species, excretory system, taxonomically documenting, dynamic modeling, biogenic dispersion, minimal infective dose, astrobiology, Darwinian pond system, network science, brownian fractals, dispersion of life, lavender products, cosmetic purposes, monoterpenes, flower essential oil, aromatherapy, andean grassland ecosystems, floristic diversity, ecosystem conservation plans. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and  academicians in the field of biological science.

  • New Approaches in Engineering Research Vol. 15

    This book covers key areas of engineering research. The contributions by the authors include computer aided manufacturing, Siemens NX application, computer aided design, quality management, motor parameter variation, tunable PID, implant design, orthopaedic surgery, tissue engineering, secure communication, relative intensity noise, flammability, polymer-natural fiber composites, flame retardancy, fire resistance, ductility, geopolymer concrete, slabs, beams, fly ash, GGBS, RCC, RGPC, alkaline solution, fibers, cracks, elastic behavior, deformations, large deflections, wind farm, network configuration, collection grid, genetic algorithm, network optimization, SLM technique, PAPR reduction, froude number, impact wall, splitter-block, electrical resistivity, mechanical properties, tungsten carbide, energy systems, intelligent systems, cell structure, thermal comfort. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of engineering research.

  • Peri Implant Aesthetics – An Integrated Entity

  • Modern Perspectives in Economics, Business and Management Vol. 10

    This book covers key areas of economics, business and management. The contributions by the authors include financial wellbeing, financial literacy, financial education, poverty alleviation, financial sustainability, accrual quality, value relevance, financial reporting quality, quoted banks, litigation services, audit time lag, sustainable agriculture, climate change, E-commerce, internet, cyber security, water resources management, water rights, quality management assurance, database system, sustainability, tacit knowledge, explicit knowledge, knowledge management strategies, impact of knowledge management, family business, sustainability of the family business, successions, family members, business plan, conflict solving, business environment, business support instruments, future development, subculture, global warming, Greenhouse gases, The GNP-energy-emissions link, Energy– environment conundrum, Global energy consumption, total and relative energy consumption, organisational activities, marketing approach, classification shifting, segment reporting, segment-level manipulations, segment manipulation. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of economics, business and management.

  • Enhancing Banking Stability: Leveraging Artificial Neural Networks to Prevent Non-Performing Assets

    Banks play a very useful and dynamic role in the economic life of every modern state. They are an important constituent of the financial market. They have control over a considerable part of the stock of money; in fact, their lending and investing activities cause changes in the quantity of money in circulation which in turn influences the nature and character of production in any country. However, the viability of banks depends largely on the adequacy of profits and profitability. One of the major causes of low profitability is the high presence of Non Performing Assests (NPA) in banking.

    Looking to the changing scenario at the world level, the Non Performing Assests (NPA) problem becomes more ironic because any nation, at this juncture, cannot afford to remain unresponsive to global requirements The problem of NPA is multi -dimensional and unless it is checked and the NPA level is brought down to the international standard of the total loan assets, it is bound to weaken the banking system. No wonder NPA has become an important term in the banking industry because of its far reaching implications on the bottom lines of the banks which are already undergoing rigorous reform processes). NPAs are not a one-time phenomenon, it is a continuous process. Until the root cause of NPAs is eliminated, they will continue to generate with a vengeance in managing NPAs, one of the most important aspects is the need to curb incidence of NPAs amongst new loans sanctioned/granted by branches. There is utmost need to reduce NPAs at the earliest level.

    It is not possible to eliminate totally the non-performing assets in the banking business but can only be minimized. It is always wise to follow the proper policy appraisal, supervision and follow-up of advances to avoid NPAs. In view of the steep rise in fresh NPA advances, credit monitoring needs to be strengthened.

    Decision making in several fields related to financial managements is often a very complicated and ill-structured task involving the exploitation and evaluation of various information, data, and alternative solutions or actions. Managers and individual financial decision makers (portfolio managers, financial analysis, NPA managers, investors, etc) face such problems on a daily basis and the existence of a tool which is able to support them in making the appropriate decisions is considered to be of vital importance. The combination of decision theory with the new knowledge and the powerful tools offered by computer science and Information Technology, led to the development of new types of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) tools able to support decision makers and improve decision making process.

    The focus of this book is on the development of ANN system to manage the loan assets which are vulnerable to become non-performing and the new loan assets which are to be sanctioned by the banks. ANN tools can overcome these problems and to provide support to decision makers in the field of NPAs eventually could considerably increase the effectiveness of the provided decision support.

    The book concentrates on step by step developing a promising method as well as a software for improving the productivity of the bank by reducing NPAs. The method is applicable to all the l banks as the structures of all banks are more or less similar. Since the factors for the incidence of NPAs are common to most of the banks, the software has a wide range of applicability. This proposed application software has the potential to enhance the effectiveness of the management information system of all commercial banks irrespective of their size and regional diversity.  This book is also useful for those who want to use information technology in different financial domains in their routine activities.

    Suggestions for the improvement of the contents of this book are welcome.

  • Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical research. The contributions by the authors include microdermabrasion, intralesional steroid, aluminium oxide crystals, exclamation marks, cardiac PR-interval, Cardiac QT-interval, electrical cardiac systole, palpitations, tachycardias, Sudden cardiac death,  snoring, obstructive sleep apnea, chronic unreduced shoulder dislocation, neglected dislocation, conservative shoulder treatment, open shoulder reduction, bone marrow cells, fibrosis, electromagnetic radiation, apoptosis, cells "lifespan”, isolated hepatomegaly, liver abscess, congestive cardiac failure, hepatocellular carcinoma, Ischemic heart disease, radionuclide imaging, gastric cancer, bone metastasis, repeated biopsy, lung cancer, tumor characterization, traumatic fibroma, fosfomycin, disc – diffusion, agar dilution, nutrigenomics, nutrition, periodontal disease, nutrient-gene interactions, manual liquid based cytology, cervix, immunomarkers, conventional Pap smear, meningitis, epidemics, Neisseria meningitides, neurons, artificial intelligence, robotic surgery, prototypes, Human MGMT gene, mobile genetic elements, composite cluster structures, regulatory elements, promoter, alternative promoters, Skincare products, nanoparticle. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical research.

  • Research Perspectives of Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of microbiology and biotechnology. The contributions by the authors include streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin, antibiotic susceptibility testing, pharyngitis, bioinformatics, sericulture, transcriptomics, disease resistance, european-type cheese, gruyere cheese produced, volatile aroma components, in vitro susceptibility experiments, lyme borreliosis, spirochetes, Borrelia burgdorferi, epidemiological risk, polymerase chain reaction, milking hygiene, bovine mastitis, environmental mastitis, gut microbiota, chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction, intestinal endocrine system, enteric nervous system, campylobacter species, biofilm production, diarrhoeal diseases, antibiotic resistance, inflammatory bowel disease, urinary tract infections, antibiotic sensitivity, uropathogenic infections, extended-spectrum B-lactamases, antibiogram, ornamental plants, moisture content, drying industry, embedded drying, streptococcus species, group a streptococcus, neonatal sepsis, acute pharyngitis, antimicrobial susceptibility testing. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and  academicians in the field of microbiology and biotechnology.

  • Research Aspects in Agriculture and Veterinary Science Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of agriculture and veterinary science. The contributions by the authors include colonization, leaf litter, nutrient parameter, anti-nutrient parameter, interaction, growth,granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, PCR method, Cloning, carnivorous fish, animal health and production specialists, economic livestock, general practitioners, oral history interviews, pets, pseudo-sciences, veterinary art, veterinary history, veterinary industry, veterinary science and, veterinary trade, caseinates,milk protein concentrate, Micellar casein concentrate, whey protein concentrate and isolate, functional properties, sensory quality, biourin, mycorrhiza, result and nutrition value,anaemia, Alterations, Hematology, Electrolyte, murciano,, meat quality, babesiosis, epidemiology. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of agriculture and veterinary science.

  • Recent Developments in Chemistry and Biochemistry Research Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of chemistry and biochemistry. The contributions by the authors include hemicellulose, antibacterial properties, water barrier polysaccharides, sugarcane bagasse, chemical hydrophobication of the hemicellulose, heavy metals, powder of mosambi fruit peelings, adsorption, adsorption isotherms, paracetamol, omnipaque, differential pulse voltammetry, boron-doped diamond electrode, biodegradation of industrial wastes, oxidation of perfumery alcohols, silver nanoparticles, catalytic efficiency, schiff base, ionic liquids, room temperature ionic liquids, antibacterial activities, differential ion mobility spectrometry, trace analysis, semi-permeable membrane, homemade explosives, bioactive secondary metabolites, ruminant livestock, traditional and medicinal importance of Ehretia, biological bioactivities, physicochemical properties, atomic absorption, antibacterial activity of rosemary, organic mechanosynthesis, Pechmann condensation, solvent-free condensation, ball milling. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and  academicians in the field of chemistry and biochemistry.

  • On the Evolution of Universe Using Relativistic Cosmology

    For the collided region of two gravitationally bound structures A and B, geodesic equation is derived using calculus of variations. With the help of geodesic equation derived for the collided region of A and B, a method to calculate any possible curvature of universe beyond observable flat universe is detailed. This relativistic method is used to describe a generic idea on the evolution of gravitationally bound structures and its effect on the evolution of universe. Using this idea, distribution of matter and antimatter in the universe, observed accelerating expansion of universe, cosmic inflation, and large-scale structure of present universe are explained.

  • Research Updates in Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of mathematics and computer science. The contributions by the authors include rotational pendulum system, period of oscillations, analytical expression, nonlinear differential equations, Hamiltonian approach, truly nonlinear oscillators, trigonometric, jacobian functions, duffing equation, forced kawahara equation, ansatz method, splines method, nonplanar kawahara equation, runge-kutta numerical solution, delayed duffing equation, bayesian method, non-informative and informative prior distributions, Jackknife method, maximum likelihood estimator, black-scholes-merton options pricing model, power series method, partial differential equation, graph mining, frequent subgraph mining, social and digital lives, bioinformatics, artificial intelligence, cybersecurity, automation, data depth, modified mahalanobis depth, apparent error rate, minimum covariance determinant, data aggregation, wireless sensor network, data monitoring, low and high-level statistical computations, tsunami generation, KdV equation, method of line, sub marine landslides, pendulum-cart system, ansatz method; Runge-Kutta numerical approximation, global maximum error. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and  academicians in the field of mathematics and computer science.

  • Selected Topics in Humanities and Social Sciences Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of Humanities and Social Sciences. The contributions by the authors include HIV, AIDS, Caribbean women, Carnival, Children's pattern in using social networks, children's motivations for using social networks, positive and negative impacts in using social networks,  Verbal assaults, humiliation, spousal violence, emotional violence, help seeking behaviour, English teachers’ leadership styles, students’ academic press/emphasis, Principles of law, structuring, systematization, legal system, system of law, international regional law, global regionalization, regional integration, military-political spaces, economic cooperation, social spaces, European law, Eurasian law, regional law in Asia and Oceania, African law, American law, Natural law, positivist law, hard cases, Socio-emotional development, school environment,  Alcoholisim,  psychodynamics, religious liberty, freedom of speech, expressive freedom, Classroom interactions, construction of socio-cultural identity, critical discourse analysis, Fairclough's  theory,  Supervision, Higher Education Environment, mentorship, compatibilities and incompatibilities, Emotional intelligence, self-regulation and early years, Belief Folk Tourism, “Nianli”, Western Guangdong, development of recourses,  Academic performance, father’s education, mother’s education, child’s academic ambition, child’s effort,   poverty, gender, socialization, volunteer, youth,  Employee turnover, employee retention, resignation, human resource, and job satisfaction level. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Humanities and Social Sciences.

  • Current Innovations in Chemical and Materials Sciences Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of chemical and materials sciences. The contributions by the authors include analytical method development, RP-HPLC technique, triamcinolone acetonide, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ceria, intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells, fossil fuels, electronic conductivity, topoisomerase, quantitative structure-activity relationship, density functional theory, cancer, cytotoxic drugs, quinoline rings. corrosion resistance, A630-420H steel, seawater reverse osmosis, mixed potential theory, global trenches pollutants, healthy marine environments, microplastics, heavy metals, solvent extraction, azo derivative of 8-hydroxyquinolin, thermodynamic functions, Job's and Molar ratio, papain doped polypyrrole composite polymer, LCR meter, A.C. conductivity, nanoflake model, van der Waals bonds, silica glass, anomalous density, biomedical effects, gold nanoparticles, antimicrobial, anticoagulant activity. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and  academicians in the field of chemical and materials sciences.

  • New Visions in Science and Technology Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of science and technology. The contributions by the authors include the richness of information, self-service technologies, online platforms, website, Diversification, compatibility, balanced growth, land carrying capacity, land use change, paradigm shift, ground ozone,open-air model, meteorological parameters, pearl millet, drought tolerance, genetic diversity, polymorphism, molecular markers, adrenalectomy, laparoscopic surgery, electricity consumption, hotels, Gaussian process regression, teaching learning based optimizer, average ranking, Spearman’s correlation analysis, educational psychology, educational technology, e-learning, English education, Nintendo DS, smartphone application, health app, health monitoring, Haar wavelet transform, Eigen value, imperceptibility, robustness, extension participation, extension contact, sources of information,cosmopolitans, National Horticulture Mission, growth stages, traffic density, self-service technologies, technological platforms, compressive strength, water absorption, blocks, rice husk ash. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of science and technology.

  • Research Advances in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of environment, geography and earth science. The contributions by the authors include active fire, global fire weather index, fire pixels, meteorological conditions, healthcare waste management practices, healthcare facilities, biosafety training, ecological anxiety,  hydropower, conflicts of constructing dam, digital elevation model, thematic maps, GIS techniques, groundwater vulnerability, analogical relation, numerical model assessment methods, point source pollution, contamination, microplastics, personal care products, seafoods, marine ecology, economic contribution of industries, metalloids, environmental toxicity, heavy metal, carcinogenic effect, duckweeds, bioremediation of agricultural, eutrophication, pollution, volatile organic compounds, solid waste disposal, leachate migration problems, health hazards, Whales songs, acoustic properties, cultural traditions, humpback songs, fly ash, coal based power generation, ancient cultures, botanical aspects. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and  academicians in the field of environment, geography and earth science.

  • New Visions in Science and Technology Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of science and technology. The contributions by the authors include workability, slump, compacting factor, water/cement ratio, particle swarm optimization, water swirl algorithm, MIMO continuous system, photovoltaic cell, solar cell, incompressible flows, regularity, Navier-Stokes equations, 4th clay millennium problem, EXPTIME-complete problems, NP-complexity, P-complexity, information communication, technology, motivation, student centered learning, accessibility motivation, technology application, ICT-based facilities, lecturers’ adaptation, data mining, unsupervised classification, clustering algorithms, threshold, separation distance, categorical data, revenue ratios, Current Cash Flow, Local Community, environmental management and monitoring, noise equivalent, daytime noise level, night noise level, day-night noise level, noise level scale, modified couple stress theory, thermoplastic diffusion beam, Euler-Bernoulli theory, Eigen value approach, laplace transform, ramp type heating, sexually transmitted disease, impact, psychological, social stigma, seed germination, biological reactions, biological transmutation, cold fusion, low energy nuclear reaction, M-Learning application, pattern mining, system evaluation, BIG DATA, six sigma, analytics, statistics, hypothesis, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, liver fat fraction. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of science and technology.

  • Contemporary Research in Business, Management and Economics Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of business, management and economics. The contributions by the authors include macroeconomy, autoregressive distributed lag method, monetary policy, bank credit, financial stability, political leadership, public finance management, public servant leadership, corruption, petro retail service quality, virtual reality, artificial intelligence, petro retail service, pivotal-core-peripheral model, fair competition commission, globalization, foreign policy, trade cooperation impact, sustainable maize farming, farmer education, double log model, agricultural labour, land-labour-capital, public distribution system, rainfed situation, tourism industry, consumer credit, economic stability, tourist consumption, labour supply behaviour, wage rates, agricultural laboures, developmental programmes, financial sector adjustment program, ghanaian banking markets, market equilibrium, Panzar and Rosse model, migration, remittances, rainfed situation, Garrett’s ranking technique. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and  academicians in the field of business, management and economics.

  • Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical research. The contributions by the authors include ozone therapy, musculoskeletal disease, oxidative stress, antioxidants, bacterial biofilm, resistance mechanisms, biopolymer matrix, quorum sensing, persister cells, efflux pumps, splenectomy, lumbar vertebra, vertebral body, medication, phytochemical, anti-inflammatory activity, acute inflammation, cancer therapy, subcutaneous emphysema, gas gangrene, knee arthroscopy, auto transplantation, prognosis, treatment planning, physical therapy, rehabilitation, maxillary incisors, malocclusion, open bite, root resorption, root crown ratio, absolute Eosinophil Count, respiratory complications, mental illness, biological distributions, quantitative light-induced fluorescence, remineralization, human saliva model, mental disorder, macrosomia, diabetes Mellitus, estado nutricional, liver transplantation, organ donation, liver disease, hepatic failures, subarachnoid haemorrhage, cerebral ischemia, cortical spreading depolarizations, clear aligners, orthodontics, orthodontic tooth movement. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical research.

  • Contemporary Perspective on Science, Technology and Research Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of science, technology and research. The contributions by the authors include patient monitoring system, cloud computing technology, advanced real time telemedicine system, telemetric unit, internet of things, image processing, edge detection techniques, peak signal to noise ratio big data platform spark and sqi images, oil-water separation, waste minimization, oil-water effluent management practices, volumetric flow rate, substrates integrated waveguide, printed circuit board technology, dual-mode cavity coupling principle, wave communication, regular idempotent, idempotent separating congruence, environment protection, greenhouse gas, automotive industry, increase energy efficiency, global positioning systems, dam deformation, non-geodetic techniques, dam structural movement, observational study, randomized trials, cause-and-effect conclusions, statistical thinking, greening agriculture, solar-powered robotic seed sower, fossil fuels, direct current motor, internal combustion engines, technology service innovation, Fluctuating Demand, Heterogeneity, service- dominant, nuclear refrigeration, 3He/4He dilution refrigerator, sector of low temperatures, auditing of conformity, security of system, occupational health and safety, industrial security, electrocardiogram, heart’s physiology, genetic algorithm, multi-layer perceptron neural network, multi-layer perceptron neural network. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and  academicians in the field of science, technology and research.

  • Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of Medicine and Medical Research. The contributions by the authors include Monod sign, Aspergilloma, Mycetoma, COVID-19, CT chest, Endemic Normal, microfilariae, ELISA method, Filariasis, Allogenic grafts, alloplasts, autogenous bone grafts, biomaterials, periodontitis, xenogenic grafts, Spinal anesthesia, fracture of neck of femur, regional anesthesia, low dose anesthesia, Pressure-volume relation in the left ventricle, end-systolic pressure-volume relation, active pressure of the myocardium, isovolumic pressure, ejection fraction, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, myocardial longitudinal axis shortening, ventricular function, cardiac mechanics, Obesity, lung function, body composition, body mass index, Adverse reactions, cosmetics, Cutaneous, hair dye,Urinary bladder, contractility, isovolumetric methods, biomechanical models, elastic volume, femoral nerve, genitofemoral nerve, obturator nerve, lumbosacral trunk, Encephalocele, frontal encephalocele, frontonasal encephalocele, meninges, Bacteriological diagnosis, immunological diagnosis, molecular diagnosis, Normative value, lumbar ranges, Z-N stain, Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis, Cartridge Based Nucleic Acid Amplification Test, Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology, fertility, birth interval,Cervical Stenosis, Referred Pain. Scapula, APGAR score, perinatal asphyxia, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, urinary uric acid/creatinine ratio, intralesional injection, oral submucous fibrosis, trismus, Thrombocythemia, platelets, vascular endothelial growth factor, Dopamine, \(\beta\)-phenylethylamine, medicinal chemistry, psychosis.This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Medicine and Medical Research.

     

  • AI and Healthcare: Opportunities and Challenges

    We are currently at the threshold of a major transition in artificial intelligence (AI) and healthcare. In this intersection is a book introducing an intersection: "AI and Healthcare: Opportunities and Challenges." Through it we determine the shimmering prospects and challenges AI brings to healthcare. For AI, the ever changing development trajectory in health care is promising to revolutionize patient care and offer new solutions for longstanding problems. However, a promising frontier is also a maze of ethical considerations and obstacles that must be negotiated with care.

    At its essence, this book tries through AI and healthcare to break the riddles of AI down to simpler terms for an audience of all backgrounds. If you come from a background of data science nerds or have just dabbled with AI, this story is presented to keep you looking and wanting to progress toward the end. We are at a historic turning point where technological progress has picked up pace faster than ever paralleled by acute challenges facing global health. From the urgency of pandemic responses to the demographic changes brought about by greening and graying communities: the problems are huge and momentous indeed.

    AI, in the midst of all the hardships and difficulties, offers hope, and with unmatched potential for early disease detection, precision medicine to match individual genetics backgrounds precisely and prediction of health crises before they occur. This book seizes the essence of this promise, subjecting these projections to a critical gaze and celebrating its milestones. It seeks to narrow the gap between expert and layperson, deepening reader understanding of AI's place in healthcare whatever their background.

    We examine the uncomfortable conversations head-on, because in combining AI's analytical powers with the humanitarian goals of healthcare also presents ethical dilemmas and private space that must be handled as digital technologies become tools. This book will not shy away from these difficult conversations and does not take a preachy tone itself. Instead, it aims to provide a balanced view of both the accomplishments made so far - as well accountability when these all-powerful tools are employed.

    Nowadays, it is imperative for everyone to understand how AI partners with health: from professionals to patients themselves as decisions increasingly depend on AI-derived insights. This book aims to equip its readers with the background necessary for all involved in meaningful conversations about the future actions of healthcare and technology. It emphasizes that the path AI will carve out in healthcare tomorrow depends on our choices today, so it calls for a joint effort among programmers, teachers and healthcare workers as well as the public to harness AI to serve better causes... and never allow their own cultural prejudice or bias in the process.

    With novels and poems as "AI and Healthcare Opportunities and Challenges" unscroll before, they may yet seem to be a world in the human dimension where AI and healthcare blend together to shoehorn mere Up through tales of innovation, survival stories and changes in the destiny of mankind. The day we finally enter the countless intersections between tomorrow and AI, ensure that we will fly along new like a true co-creator in this age of innovation.

  • Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of Medicine and Medical Research. The contributions by the authors include randomized controlled trials, laryngo-pharyngeal reflux, oedema of the arytenoid region, MDVP, standard text, electroglottography, cerebrovascular accident, young stroke, autism, hyperfocus, cingulate gyrus, amygdale, neuropsychology, neurophysiology, sickle Cell Anaemia, Pulmonary Hypertension, Tricuspid regurgitant jet Velocity, antibiotic stewardship, antibiotic therapy, antimicrobial resistance, biomarkers, procalcitonin, sepsis, mucopolysaccharidosis, retina, glycosaminoglycans, neurodevelopment, e-learning,  modalities, medical Research, tall poppy syndrome, medical misinformation, robotic surgery, thoracic surgery, thoracic robotic surgery, thoracoscopy, congenital malformations, minirobots, male contraception, hormonal approach, pneumomediastinum, postpartum, hamman, delivery, mediastinum, congenital heart disease, children, physical exercise, social inclusion, physiotherapy, comorbid conditions, Coronavirus infectious disease 2019, Hemoglobin A1c, abnormal uterine bleeding, Menorrhagia, Polymenorrhoea, Reproductive age group women. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Medicine and Medical Research.

  • Exploring Life: A Journey through Zoogeography

    Welcome to "Exploring Life: A Journey through Zoogeography." This book invites you to embark on an expedition through the captivating world of zoogeography—a discipline that unravels the intricate tapestry of life on our planet. Within these pages, we will traverse diverse ecosystems, delve into evolutionary histories, and unravel the geographical patterns that shape the distribution of species.

    Zoogeography is more than just a study of where animals live; it is a lens through which we understand the dynamic interplay between organisms and their environments. By exploring the distribution of species across continents, islands, and oceans, we gain insights into the forces of evolution, migration, and adaptation that have sculpted the biodiversity we see today.

    As we journey through the chapters of this book, we will encounter tales of discovery, scientific inquiry, and conservation challenges. From the majestic savannas of Africa to the remote islands of the Pacific, each geographic region holds its own unique assemblage of species and ecological wonders.

    Whether you are a seasoned biologist, an aspiring naturalist, or simply a curious explorer of the natural world, "Exploring Life" offers a window into the fascinating realm of zoogeography. Join us as we embark on this journey of exploration and discovery, celebrating the remarkable diversity of life that adorns our planet.

  • New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 17

    This book covers key areas of Medicine and Medical Research. The contributions by the authors include Anemia, pure red cell aplasia, rheumatoid arthritis, Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, risk factors, awareness, Cephalometry, anterior facial height,  facial height ratio, Computer vision syndrome, digital eye strain, Polymorphic eruption of pregnancy, pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy, hemotherapy, blood therapy, Microtubules, kinetochore, chromosomes, disulfide bonds, Symptoms, symbiotic relationships, drawings, adoption, Fibromyalgia syndrome, acupuncture point injection, placental extract, pain, intravenous, fatigue, Cytokine, chemokine, nephrotic syndrome, glomerulonephritis, Infection, sarcoidosis, cancer, granulomatosis, Klippel-feil syndrome, cervical fusion, fetal ultrasound, Autoverification, middleware design, laboratory information system, Health problems, elderly & interventional module, Stress, three-phase stage model, stress four-phase model, Allostasis, traumatic stress, Craniofacial trauma, endovascular coiling, recurrent intractable epistaxis, pseudoaneurysm, internal carotid artery, G6PD deficiency, haemoglobin variant, and malaria. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Medicine and Medical Research.

  • A Comprehensive Overview of Economic Zoology: Implications for Agriculture, Medicine, and Conservation

    It is with great pleasure and enthusiasm that I introduce to you "A Comprehensive Overview of Economic Zoology: Implications for Agriculture, Medicine, and Conservation." This book represents the culmination of a significant effort to provide a comprehensive exploration of the multifaceted relationship between animals and human welfare across various domains.

    Economic zoology, a field at the intersection of biology and economics, delves into the practical applications of zoological knowledge in addressing key challenges facing humanity. From enhancing agricultural productivity to advancing medical research and fostering conservation efforts, animals play pivotal roles that profoundly impact our lives.

    As the author of this volume, I have endeavored to compile a diverse array of insights, analyses, and case studies that highlight the significance of economic zoology in shaping our world. Drawing upon my own research and expertise, as well as the contributions of esteemed colleagues and scholars in the field, this book offers a comprehensive overview of the subject matter.

    Throughout its pages, readers will find discussions on topics ranging from the ecological role of insects in agriculture to the discovery of new pharmaceutical compounds derived from marine organisms. We will explore the intricate connections between animal health and human well-being, and examine the importance of conservation biology in safeguarding biodiversity for future generations.

    It is my sincere hope that this book serves as a valuable resource for students, researchers, policymakers, and practitioners alike. Whether you are seeking a deeper understanding of the practical applications of zoology or inspiration for future research endeavors, I trust that you will find this volume both informative and thought-provoking.

    I extend my deepest gratitude to all those who have contributed to the creation of this book, including researchers, editors, reviewers, and publishers. Your dedication and expertise have been instrumental in bringing this project to fruition.

    In closing, I invite you to embark on a journey of discovery as we explore the fascinating world of economic zoology and its profound implications for agriculture, medicine, and conservation. May this book inspire curiosity, foster innovation, and contribute to a greater appreciation of the invaluable role that animals play in our lives.

  • Twenty Second Century Artificial Intelligence

    In 20th and 21st Centuries the global optimization algorithms were created by taking inspiration from birds (Particle Swarm Optimization), ants (Ant Colony Optimization), chromosomes (Genetic Algorithms) etc. In “Twenty Second Century Artificial Intelligence” book global optimization algorithms are created by taking inspiration from Humans, Souls, Gods, Satisfied Beings, Mothers, Children, Particular Human Beings and Stories.

    In 20th and 21st Centuries research scientists focused mainly on Brain Inspired Computing. In “Twenty Second Century Artificial Intelligence” book a new path is shown where algorithms are created by taking inspiration from both heart and brain.

    In 20th and 21st Centuries the path of “Artificial Intelligence” is the main focus of research. In “Twenty Second Century Artificial Intelligence” book we defined “Artificial Satisfaction”.

    In 20th and 21st Centuries researchers created many algorithms by taking inspiration from Nature (Nature Inspired Computing). In “Twenty Second Century Artificial Intelligence” book we created “Nature Plus Plus Inspired Computing”.

  • Recent Updates in Disease and Health Research Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of disease and health. The contributions by the authors include spontaneous bilateral pneumothorax, marfan syndrome, aneurysm, comorbidities, atypical measles syndrome, anti-measles vaccine, immunity waning, formalin inactivated mv vaccine, maternal heart disease, maternal mortality, high-risk obstetric group, perinatal morbidity, D-dimer, fibrinolysis, COVID-19, predictor of severity, intestinal helminthiasis, ecological factors, soil-transmitted helminthiasis, parasitosis, dental wellness, dietary treatments, Vitamin D, healthy diet, insomnia, pregnancy, non-pharmacological treatment, yoga, healthcare provider, nursing practitioners, healthcare infrastructure, role of community health officer, biopsychosocial models, borderline personality disorder, mental health, meditation, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, radiotherapy, high dose rate intra luminal radiotherapy, external beam radiation therapy, EQD2, EXO-CD24, acute respiratory distress syndrome, lung injury, hyperactive immune systems, chronic kidney disease, biomarkers, renoprotective therapies, coronary artery calcification, asymmetric dimethylarginine, schizophrenia, cognitive ability, chronic mental disorder, advanced treatment. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the field of disease and health.

  • Issues and Development in Health Research Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of health research. The contributions by the authors include ayurvedic categories, cognitive stimulation, brain training, cognitive functions, health perception, complaint of memory, associative memory, managerial innovation, organizational citizenship behaviour, online Learning, medical education, e-learning, E-health, E-nursing, E-learning, nursing education, developing countries,human factors, knowledge of AIDS, assessment of government handling of AIDS, national strategic plan for HIV/AIDS, xenobiotic, Microbiota,tandem repeats, vaccination, SARS-CoV-2,evolution, depression, anxiety, herd immunity, simulation, infectious disease, disease propagation, live kidney, nephrology, donor risk, uninephrectomy, information security, confidentiality integrity, risk management,total quality management, service quality, quality function deployment,antibody response, nasopharyngeal carriage, pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, recurrent respiratory infections, mental health, burnout, health communication, management phycology, diabetes,antidiabetic medications. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of health research.

  • Recent Research Advances in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of arts and social studies. The contributions by the authors include self-love, narcissism, spirituality, happiness, cypriot classroom teachers’ perceptions, physical education, development of psychomotor, childhood obesity, recession, sustainability of acute care hospitals, increasing hospital costs, hospital privatization, dynamics of english, sociolinguistic outlook, culture, english eminency, self-confidence, mental training, social support, sport performance, health status of the women, health awareness, nutrition, women’s empowerment, attainment gap in academic performance, ethnicity, STEM, inclusive education, Martin Heidegger’s Dialogue on Language, cross-cultural encounters, modernism, sport anthropology, morphofunctional characteristics, anthropological specificity, interdisciplinary approach, fading utopias, cuban cinema, cuban revolution, speculative fiction, dynamism, workplace gamification, employee engagement, workplace satisfaction. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and  academicians in the field of arts and social studies.

  • Basics of Nuclear Radiation

    The thought of this book originated from the academic experience that I have for teaching many subjects about nuclear physics in many universities in Iraq in departments of physics, biology, and medicine over several years. This book is intended for the student of undergraduate, master, and doctorate that study nuclear physics, radiation, and others. I have not tried to be rigorous or present proofs of all statements in the text. Rather, I have taken the physical view that it is more important that students see an overview of the subject which for many "possibly the majority" will be the only time they study nuclear radiation. In fact, more than just a slight contact is required in order to appreciate many of the subtleties I have infused into the book. I hope that this effort will be of benefit to our students.

    Perfection is not attainable. It is an attribute of the Almighty God. Therefore, I apologize for any drawbacks in the book.

  • Innovations in Biological Science Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of biological science. The contributions by the authors include rice survival, SUB1 gene, quantitative trait loci, biotic resistances, flooding, hypoglycemic effects, antidiabetic effect, metabolic disorder, diabetes, anthropogenic activities, water pollution, aquatic systems, haematology of cyprinus carpio, taxonomic evidence, plant exomorphology, micromorphological characteristics, cystoliths, genetic variability, heritability, wild noni, population of morinda tomentosa, pollen morphology, pollen viability, sperm cells, acetocarmine test and germination test of pollen, urbanization, political instability, global biological risk, food technology, biological hazards, transferrin, ferritin concentrations, meconium specimens, fetal and neonatal iron deficiency, Greywater generation, greywater treatment technologies, toxicity, pollutants, rumen protozoa, grass hay, protein metabolism, volatile fatty acids, testicular functions, nonylphenol, aquatic species, gonadosomatic index, bush morning glory, leaf anatomy, phytotoxicity, anomocytic, biodiversity, natural dye, root extracts, eco-friendly approaches, textile industry, taxonomic diversity, bio-indicators, water contamination, fresh water algae, small-scale fishing, freshwater ecosystems, alosa fallax, microsporidea, fatty acid esters, medicinal use, folk medicine. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and  academicians in the field of biological science.

  • Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of Medicine and Medical Research. The contributions by the authors include segmental fractures, anthrax, anthropozoonosis, unite care, strock hemorragie, anthropometric measurements, endogamous population, blood pressure, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour, pulmonary, extrapulmonary tumour, cell stress, heat shock protein, radiotherapy, abortion, women’s sexual and reproductive rights, health care services, primary hyperparathyroidism, calcium metabolism, endocrinological disease with parathormone, postoperative pain, apical healing, visual analogue scale, anti- Inflammatory drugs, congenital anophthalmia, microophthalmia, ocular surgery, pancreaticopleural Fistula, pleural effusion, chronic pancreatitis, chest X-ray, thoracocentesis, Contrast Enhanced Computed Tomography chest, Kimura’s disease, subcutaneous swelling, inflammatory disorder, incisional surgical site infections, major obstetric, gynecological procedures, episiotomy, pharmacology, phytochemistry, therapeutic importance, epithelioid sarcoma, vulval swelling, vulval/labial leiomyoma, vulval smooth muscle tumour, differential diagnoses, histopathological diagnoses, surgical excision, atypical Polypoid Adenomyoma, Morular metaplasia, colorectal surgery, anastomotic leak, laparoscopy, electrochemotherapy, anaesthetics, topical anaesthesia, oral mucosa, dental implants, second stage surgery, craniofacial structures, cell block technique, lung cancer, diagnosis, pulmonary cytology specimens. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Medicine and Medical Research.

  • New Visions in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical science. The contributions by the authors include depression, socio demographic characteristics, anxiety, blood pressure, hemorrhagic shock management, progressing hypotensive shock, fluid load test, trans-thoracic echocardiography, transmissible spongiform illnesses, immunohistochemistry, bovine spongiform encephalopathy, ELISA test, physical education, curricular influence, training, teacher influence, antibiotic resistance, resistance genes, phenotypic susceptibility profiles, zoonotic restrictions, sphenochoanal polyp, choanal polyps, endoscopic sinus surgery, sphenoid sinus, anesthesia induction, reptile anesthesia, anesthesia-related mortality, red-eared slider, vitamin D receptor polymorphisms, acute lower respiratory infections, sustainable development goals, pneumonia and bronchiolitis, postpartum psychiatric disorders, psychological disorders, postpartum mood disorders, distress, giant lipomas, malignant transformation, benign mesenchymal tumors, accessory breast, inflammation, ATP involvement, aggression of bacteria, infection, alkali element, glucose modification, cancer cell dissolution, exothermic reaction, hydrogen molecule, cancer treatment, dermal sinus, neurosurgical intervention, craniospinal dysraphism, hyperpigmentation, gingival colour, hyperkeratinized, de-epithelization, asymptomatic left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, silent myocardial ischemia, type 2 diabetis, cardiovascular disease. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and  academicians in the field of medicine and medical science.

  • New Visions in Biological Science Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of biological science. The contributions by the authors include genetic engineering, genetically modified organisms, transgenic, biotechnology, bio-magnification, chlorofluorocarbons, sex ratio, gonad maturity, length at first maturity, spawning season, fecundity, probiotic isolation, formulated feed, aquaculture probiotics, microorganism, fungi, bio deterioration, parasitism, climate change, human-wildlife conflict, bacteria, sea cucumber intestines, bio industry, bacterial community and diversity, sequencing, larvicidal activity, fungicide, post-harvest technology, silver nanoparticles, developmental effects, insecticide, bio efficacy, butterfly biodiversity, bio indicator species, floral species, gastropod diversity, aquatic ecosystem, energy pyramids. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of biological science.

  • Research Updates in Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of mathematics and computer science. The contributions by the authors include balanced incomplete block design, optimum chemical balance weighing design, Fisher’s inequality, multi-server markovian queuing system, poisson process, consumer behavior, defeat balking and feedback customers, micronutrients, multinomial logistic regression, macro fertilizers, sustainable crop production, fractional pendulum oscillator equation, Chebyshev-homotopy method, integer-order oscillator, arbitrary order calculation,  fractional calculus, defeat balking, business environment, spam detection, combining bayesian method, email filtering, naive bayesian filter, deep convolutional neural wavelets network, images classification, fast wavelet transform, pattern recognition,  deep learning technology, Rakhmatulin equation, arterial stenosis, blood flow, Navier-Stokes equation, Physical and computational models, internal waves, spectral theory, essential spectrum, limit amplitude, uniqueness of mathematical solutions, computational fluid dynamics, turbulence and multiphase flows, drought indices, fuzzy regression analysis, hydrological cycle, fuzzy graph, effective arc domination, adjacency matrix, GRIN software, graph coloring. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and  academicians in the field of mathematics and computer science.

  • Modern Perspectives in Language, Literature and Education Vol. 10

    This book covers key areas of language, literature and education. The contributions by the authors include long vocation training, reticence; ESL classroom, school Governing Bodies; South African Schools Act; literacy; financial muscle; stakeholders, social stories; communicative skills; autism spectrum disorder, translation of autobiography; cultural encounter; non-fictitious genre; an ethnographic account of a people, student-industrial-work-experience; performance; placement, English for specific purposes (ESP); vocabulary, constructivist theory; learning approach, Web 2.0 tools, analytic strategies; equitable access; development and management; implementation process; cognitive ability; learning method; personality type, romanticism in context; imagination, career decision, Social-Cognitive Theory. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of language, literature and education.

  • Beyond Basics: Advanced Insights into Reinsurance Theory and Practice

    This book, “Beyond Basics: Advanced Insights into Reinsurance Theory and Practice”, apart from providing simplified step by step working solutions to worked examples, some topics of the book are typically analysis of Tanzania reinsurance market.

    The book has analyzed indepth a good number of reinsurance books and academic papers (references) to get to know the baseline and provides the trend or the future of the pressing issues. In additional there are more worked examples, practical exercises and case studies.

    Because of the rich background practical experience in insurance and reinsurance market, academic and professional qualifications of the authors in actuarial science, statistics, economics, insurance and risk management, the book has a unique blend of materials including optimization techniques, actuarial and statistical models and machine learning techniques in providing advanced insights in reinsurance theory and practice beyond the reinsurance basics.

  • New Innovations in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of chemistry and biochemistry research. The contributions by the authors include physicochemical properties, Microbial factors, lower anaicut basin, fresh water fish, cabernet-Sauvignon, phenolic substances, stilbenoids, antioxidant activity, post fermentation maceration, resveratrol, adsorption, isotherms, kinetics, Fourier transform infrared, total protein, alkaline phosphatase, \(\beta\)-galactosidase, specific activity, lithium chloride, small compounds, drug-targeting, FOXO transcription factors, FOX proteins, Raman spectroscopy, anharmonicity, negative thermal expansion, structural phase transition, phonon, anticancer agents, amines, antimicrobial activity, activated carbon, polypyrrole coated sawdust, oil-polluted areas, biochemical indices, crude oil, adsorption isotherm, kinetics, spectral characterization, UV/Vis spectroscopy, vitamins, antioxidants, haber-weis reaction, micronutrient. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of chemistry and biochemistry.

  • Current Perspective to Physical Science Research Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of physical science. The contributions by the authors include solar-powered mosquito trap, air quality monitoring, CO2 concentration, pest control, gamma-ray bursts, GRB frequency, vela satellites, gravitational radiation, flavour theory, neutrino oscillations, flavour violation, effect of Z2×Z2 invariant perturbations, laminar forced convection, green's function theory, double-tube buried exchanger, graetz-nusselt problem, Newtonian mechanics, deflection angel of starlight, Michelson-Morley experiment, electromagnetic waves, light emitting diode, silvaco ATLAS TCAD simulation program, internal quantum efficiency, gallium nitride and indium gallium nitride material, monolithic catalysts, syngas, biofuel reforming, coking stability, wormhole, Einstein field equations, general relativity, ellis drain hole, schottky behaviour, cadmium telluride, quantum dots, simple drop casting method, brus model, bandgap energy, Schrodinger equation, small scale integration to ultra large scale integration, thermoelectric, charge carrier mobility, Hall coefficient, microhardness. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and  academicians in the field of physical science.

  • Challenges and Advances in Chemical Science Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of chemical science. The contributions by the authors include solubility, enhancement, mixed-solvency, multimedia dissolution, hydrophilic matrices, phenobarbital properties, isoelectric point, solubility, geometry, monobutyltin, antibacterial, antifungal, antipestal activities, alcohol-stimulative taste, cis-11-Octadecenoic acid, Asclepic acid, Wittig reaction, Potassium t-butoxide, cis- Selectivity, absorbance, transmittance, band gap absorption coefficient, reflectance, paper electrophoretic method, metal (II) complexes, isoleucine, overall mobility, stability constant, modal fabrics, formic acid, anti-bacterial assessment, anti odour behaviour, anti odour retention behaviour, UV protection factor, gasoline, adulteration, hydro carbons, computation techniques, non-thermal plasma, coked HDS catalyst, elimination of coke, catalyst regeneration. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of chemical science.

  • Advanced Concepts in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of pharmaceutical research. The contributions by the authors include laryngeal mask airway, laryngospasm, low dose succinyl choline, thiopentone induction, green synthesis, antimicrobial activity, mesoionic compounds, mesoionic compounds, deltamethrin toxicity, pesticides, behavioral effects, motor coordination, anti-inflammatory potential, chronic asthma, nerium oleander, diclofenac sodium, antimitotic effect, Hibiscus mutabilis leaf, in vitro model of allium cepa root test, ethanolic fraction, phospholipid, retinoic acid or tretinoin, ionic strength, zeta potential, accelerated stability, anticancer activity, mosquito borne diseases, synthetic drug chemistry, antibiotics, hemorrhagic fever, peptic ulcer disease, zollinger-ellison syndrome, esophageal sphincter, ayurvedic immunomodulator, immune-modulatory drug, vaccines, diabetes mellitus, immunization practices, complete freund's adjuvant, hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, bioavailability, chylomicrons, herbal medicine, indigenous system of medicine, ethnopharmacology, backward peasantry. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and  academicians in the field of pharmaceutical research.

  • The Mammary Gland Health and Prevention of Mastitis in Dairy Cows

    Despite the increasing level of technological support and veterinary measures, inflammation of the mammary gland, mastitis, is still one of the main health problems and reasons of economic losses faced by cow farmers. Due to the polyfactorial nature of ruminant mammary gland inflammation related to reduction of mastitis, the effectiveness of commonly used antimastitis methods tends to be limited. The book contains an overview of studies that synthesize knowledge available within the chain of mastitis diagnostics, the quality of milk produced and prevention of mammary gland inflammation implemented under conditions of dairy farming. The acquired knowledge extends the range of existing diagnostic methods used for the determination of inflammatory markers in the blood and milk of ruminants that are important for early detection of intramammary infections and methods of their prevention by utilisation of mineral-vitamin supplements and organic additives. By combining innovative detection methods and acquired knowledge in the field of mastitis control and prevention, the thesis contributes to the improvement of anti-mastitis programmes and the health of dairy cows, which is the first prerequisite for ensuring production of quality milk and protection of consumer’s health.

  • New Visions in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical science. The contributions by the authors include single photon emission computed tomography, imaging technique, 3D FBP reconstruction, bone spect image denoising, radiopharmaceuticals, simple back-projection, filtered back-projection, ordered subset expectation maximization, contrast to noise ratio, oral cancer, lifestyle-related habits, tobacco use, oral submucous fibrosis, ureteroscopic lithotripsy, local anesthesia, urinary stone disease, ureteric colic, magnetic resonance imaging, sinonasal tumors, nasosinus masses, PAX6 gene, non-ocular tissues, homeobox genes, oculogenesis and ocular growth, stem cell therapy, covid-19, immunomodulatory effects, vaccines, coronavirus treatment acceleration program, multiple myeloma, mesenchymal stem cells, hematopoietic cell transplantations, osteoclastogenesis, hyperthermia, nanotechnology, thermoradiotherapy, anti-cancer drugs, harmonic dialogue, music and musical activities, dyslexia, autism spectrum disorder, primary squamous cell carcinoma, pleural malignancy, tuberculous abscess, video-assisted thoracic surgery, malignant tumour growth, cisplatin, chronic kidney disease, kidney fibroblasts, repeated administration of cisplatin, autism spectrum disorders, neurodevelopmental disorder, poor visual performance, ocular motility, keratoconjunctivitis, acquis immunosufficiency disease syndrome, cardiovascular pathologies, allergic diseases, plaque psoriasis, mesenchymal stem cells, anti-Inflammatory, psoriasis area and severity index, infertility, pippalyadi yoga, PCOS, clomiphene citrate, cone beam computed tomography; degenerative joint disease; osteoarthritic changes; osteophyte, sclerosis; temporomandibular disorders; temporomandibular joint. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the field of medicine and medical science.

  • Novel Perspectives of Engineering Research Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of Engineering Research. The contributions by the authors include Linear sources, peninsular India, peak ground acceleration, return period, seismic hazard, Multirate filtering, narrow-band signaling, compensation theory, CIC filter, decimation, compensation filter, PV generator , power electronics, Fast adders, redundant arithmetic, carry free addition, hybrid and signed digit numbers, Linen fabric, edible gum, cow urine, wash fastness, rubbing fastness, colour fastness to light, Access controlmethods , awareness training , certification, software based reusabilitycomponents software component based security, Water-traps system, rainwater management, lock-brick system technology, quality of household life, water and food security, efficiency, intelligent agent, mobile communication, resource flexibility, traffic profiles, expansive soil, fly ash, bagasse ash, coir waste, E-commerce, usability subculture, web application, Optical character recognition, artificial neural networks models, academic learning performance.This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Engineering Research.

  • Research Updates in Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of mathematics and computer science. The contributions by the authors include tumor prediction, machine learning algorithm, data mining, cancer image dataset, diophantine triples, number theory, gaussian diophantine quadruples, diophantine analysis, interval hermitian matrices, schur stability, interval hermitian matrices, birkhoff-young rule, numerical integration, trapezoidal rule, richardson extrapolation, data mining, interval-valued fuzzy sets, intuitionistic fuzzy sets, combinational logic circuits, boolean equation system, digital hazard, digital logic circuits, data breaches, business process, confidentiality and authenticity, image segmentation, skin cancer lesion, image clustering methods, skin cancer image processing, nanofluids, heat transfer, nanoparticle volume fraction, free convection flow, big data, MapReduce (mr) technique, accelerated bat algorithm, data mining, queue waiting time, Erlang distribution, preemptive priority, performance assessment. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and  academicians in the field of mathematics and computer science.

  • New Innovations in Economics, Business and Management Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of economics, business and management. The contributions by the authors include mobile banking, capital structures, commercial banks, women street vendors, public distribution system workers, bank usage, financial inclusion, private money lenders, money lending, usury, financial Institutions, behavioral intention, economic universities, career choice, management, economic growth, foreign direct investment, human resources, technology, performance appraisal, policy application, enron, dotcom bubble, accounting fraud, deregulation, speculation, corporate culture, social responsibility, government intervention, risk management, consumer behavior, energy markets, environmental impact assessment, leadership, project management, economic development, growth, productivity, housing affordability, price to income ratio, regression method, housing approach, indicator of housing affordability, customer experience, cosmetics, luxury strategy, luxury brand, regulatory-induced consolidation, mergers and acquisitions, bank performance, market-driven consolidation, US air transportation industry, input-output analysis, organisational health, safety and environment, SMEs, employee safety, health and safety culture, agricultural management, profit sharing system, maro, mertelu, mudharobah law, semi-log model, exponential model, agro-climatic zones, agricultural extension services. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of economics, business and management.

  • Progress in Language, Literature and Education Research Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of language, literature and education. The contributions by the authors include trikirion, communication, digital age, artificial intelligence, socio-scientific issues, biochemistry leanrning, digital learning platforms, virtual classroom, globalisation, english language, linguistic imperialism, barnesian obsession, complexity of the memory mechanism, unreliability of recall, narrative construction of remembering, personality types, burnout, teaching profession, emotional exhaustion, Eritrean education system, eritrean economy, educational opportunities, Tanzania Development Vision 2025, competitive economy, information and communication technologies, long-term development, marking system, dialect of lamalera, lamaholot language family, verb agreement, Vedanta, British Romanticism, American Transcendentalism, thought of Wordsworth and Whitman, Vivekananda’s message of Vedanta, cosmic consciousness, self-realisation, spiritual culture. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and  academicians in the field of language, literature and education.

  • Current Topics in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of agricultural science. The contributions by the authors include dairy management, feeding, rhizosphere, soil pollutants, phytopathogenic microorganisms, mutualistic symbiosis, atmospheric nitrogen-free fixing bacteria, organic carbon, Trygona honey, pandemic COVID 19, added value, sustainability, cultivation technology, experimental precision, experimental planning, experimental design, dairy cattle actors, constraints, and coping strategy, liquid smoke, total plate count,  reproductive characters, profitability, waste recycling, recyclable waste, Integrated Farming System, cassava germplasms, agro-climatic conditions, biological control, chemical control, disease in leaf, microorganism, organic agriculture, botanical seeds, germination, crops germplasms, pollination, shelling capacity, shelling cost, shelling efficiency, tubular maize sheller, reproductive biology, breeding system, medicinal plant, agricultural commodities, fatty acid components, seed characters, intercropping models, biomass, livestock, PIR broiler patterns. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of agricultural science.

  • Advancement and New Understanding in Medical Science Vol. 10

    This book covers key areas of medical science. The contributions by the authors include high-grade gliomas, brain metastases, intracranial mass, solitary metastatic lesions, gingival fibromas, surface ulceration, diode laser, hip osteoarthritis, total hip arthroplasty, sickle cell disease, avascular necrosis, dental health, oral hygiene, pregnancy tumors, gingivitis, substance addiction, dna methylation pattern, drug addiction, environmental factor, soft tissue movement, orthognathic surgery, facial harmony, brachytherapy, cancer cervix, cancer management, time-tested low dose rate, radiation, eosinophilic oesophagitis, chronic oesophageal disease, dysphagia, chronic autoimmune reactions, liver organoid, pediatric diseases, organoid technology, 3D culture systems, apn/adipors signaling, choroidal neovascularization, inhibitory adiponectin peptide, eye ailments, management of ovarian masses, ovarian cancers, solid ovarian neoplasms, brenner’s tumor, femoral fracture, pediatric orthopaedic injury, pediatric trauma, musculoskeletal injuries, oral squamous papilloma, human papilloma virus, papillary lesion, histopathological examination. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and  academicians in the field of medical science.

  • Compound Stratum Practice

    This technical book, Compound Stratum Practice is composed to give a brief overview of a novel idea of classification of human age and gender using multi level hierarchical filtration technique named as Coarser Level and Compound Level.  The classification is achieved by implementation of Artificial Neural Network.  The complete operations of classification and detection are illustrated with the help of mathematical models. This is one of the applications and can be used for many other purposes as well.  This elaborated research problem is essentially a general purpose public interest and can be applied in the field of Psychiatry, Criminology, Mood Analysis and so on.  As you can see, the most basic pattern of Feed Forward Neural Network goes completely with numerous levels of hidden layers for processing, learning and classification.  Along with this ANN, a unique concept of 3 – Sigma Limits is imposed.  It is just an extra feature of filtration mechanism.  There is an Artifact binding defined here as well.

    The introduction section of chapter 1 gives a very brief overview on the meaning of compound stratum practice, its importance, highlighting the contributions of compound stratum technique to the research arena and necessity of this technique to the society. Chapter 1 discusses traditional methods, conventional methods and the technological importance of ANN in real world with respect to the applications.  Chapter 2 presents the detailed objectives of Compound Stratum Practice, which gives a broad aspects of implementation of the proposed strategy in real world problems. Chapter 3 gives a detailed literature review of the existing methods relevant to the present book.  A broad study is conducted with the approaches of ANN, FIS and many other geometrical features based classification techniques.  Chapter 4 deals with the methodology implemented in the research problem.  An interesting approach is presented in this chapter of the book.  This chapter is the essential part of this book and maybe the most important part to the readers. The author introduces the role of 3 – Sigma limits, a unique model of mathematics, imposed on Artificial Neural Network. In chapter 5, the algorithm of Compound Stratum Practice is summarized.  Chapter 6 reflects the analysis and discussions based on the research outcome, and finally Chapter 7 explains the inference of the research problem, also tells about the future enhancements, which helps the research community to take over this problem to the further levels of investigation.

    This present book has a unique design for research arena specially.  By studying this book, the reader would have an overview of the applications and usage of a valuable technique of classification, along with conventional and new approaches. The principal objective of the proposed method along with practical information and effective factors on each phase is given that makes this book a very useful document in the area of research.  In general, this book is very easy to read and understand. This book offers major developments in recent research to bring an effective classification processes in to practice. It provides a unique, holistic perspective on the basic and applied research issues regarding the application of 3 Sigma control limits imposed on ANN. The reader finds up-to-date information and solutions of classification process from many leading experts in the field.

    However, this technical book is not free of limitations. Though the author tried his best to make the problem implementation free of limitations, some of the aspects are unsolvable here.  Please feel free to contact the author and reflect your comments to improve this Book in next editions.

  • Calibrating Urban Livability in the Global South

    Urbanization in the Global South is a complex phenomenon, driving unprecedented changes in urban landscapes. From sprawling megacities to burgeoning towns, the dynamics of urban life are in constant flux, influenced by factors ranging from climate variability to governance structures. Within this context, understanding urban livability becomes paramount, as it encompasses the myriad aspects that contribute to the well-being and quality of life of urban residents. As we delve into the intricate web of urban challenges, it becomes evident that gender plays a crucial role in shaping the urban experience. Gendered perspectives offer unique insights into the differential impacts of urbanization on diverse populations, shedding light on issues such as access to resources, mobility patterns, and participation in decision-making processes. By adopting a gendered lens, we can uncover hidden disparities and inequalities, paving the way for more inclusive and equitable urban development strategies.

    This book is a compilation of discourse on urban livability encompassing climate resilience, health equity, governance inclusivity, and policy shaping the trajectories of cities in the Global South. Through interdisciplinary collaboration and rigorous research, we can unravel the complexities of urban contexts, identifying opportunities for transformative change and sustainable development.

    We are grateful to the Urban Studies Foundation (USF) for supporting research on Urban Livability in the Global South through gendered perspectives and encouraging early career researchers in the field of urban studies. We appreciate researchers and practitioners for presenting their work at the conference organized by the Department of Architecture and Planning, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology (MANIT), Bhopal on ‘Calibrating Urban Livability in the Global South: Gendered Perspectives on Climate, Health, Governance and Policy’. This book presents a valuable resource to inform policy and practice for improving urban quality of life.

  • Recent Advances in Mathematical Research and Computer Science Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of mathematical research and computer science. The contributions by the authors include PIC microcontroller, GSM modem, mobile phone, transceiver, condense microphone, snapshot camera, relational database, information system, client-server, transaction pool, distributed databases, database integration, differential incremental equilibrium, twin primes, sets, prime gap, infinite classification, rough set, information security policies, information breach incidences, detour distance in graphs, centre of graphs, detour eccentricity of graphs, average detour eccentricity, self-centered graphs, digital watermark, discrete wavelet transform, HVS characteristics, environmental protection, Binary quadratic equation, diophantine equation, integral solutions, hyperbola, parabola and pell equation, diophantine triples, perfect square, centered square numbers, non-extendibility, polygonal numbers, the division algorithm, greatest integer function, divisibility, Stella octangular number and pronic number, BIG DATA, distributed system, DFS, commodity hardware, hadoop file system, Amazon Web Services, realistic models, head count ratio, poverty gap, Lorenz curve and Gini-concentration co-efficient, BCC-ideals, fuzzy left (right)-derivations, the Cartesian product of fuzzy derivations, open shift with own cloud, security comparisons. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of mathematical research and computer science.

  • Postgraduate Supervision: Practical Handbook

    Postgraduate supervision is a complex and demanding job. For the past 16 years, I have been deeply involved in postgraduate supervision at masters, and doctoral levels. Supervising master’s and doctoral students have significantly enriched my life academically, scientifically, emotionally, and culturally. This is because my postgraduate students came from different educational, socioeconomic, religious, cultural, and scientific and technical backgrounds. I have learnt to be open-minded, patient and more tolerant. Supervision demands specific qualifications and skills to ensure effective and quality supervision that would enhance completion of postgraduate study and research at the desired time, higher rate of graduation and increased research output. This book was written as part of my scholarly contribution to the art and science of postgraduate supervision. The book views postgraduate supervision as one of the core academic activities of universities; providing a link between teaching and learning and research; supporting the creation, transference of research and related skills, knowledge, and management of knowledge in the knowledge economy considering the fact that knowledge generation is the key function of universities which should in turn stimulate universities to invest more in postgraduate training and the training of supervisors. The book is divided into various sections such as the goals and roles of postgraduate supervisors, criteria, and justification for selecting postgraduate students, key elements in effective postgraduate supervision and many more topics. The book aim to equip both experienced and inexperienced postgraduate supervisors in the simple and systematic approach to postgraduate supervision, to understand the challenges associated with postgraduate supervision and the approach to tackling such challenges. Interestingly, the book also draws from personal experience of over 16 years of postgraduate supervision and the lessons a person could learn from the experience. It is expected that this book will benefit, postgraduate supervisors, undergraduate project supervisors and leaders, postgraduate students, research administrators in the university and various stakeholders who are involved in postgraduate supervision and administration directly or indirectly.

  • Recent Progress in Plant and Soil Research Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of plant and soil research. The contributions by the authors include environmental stress, gas exchange, oxidative stress, plant competition, hermaphrodite, polymorphic flowers, taxonomic revision, photosynthesis, transpiration measurement, stomatal conductance, Proso millet, functional properties, value addition, antioxidants, phytochemicals, skin separation, mechanical properties, mineral fertilizers, rates, growth, fruit yield, nutrient uptake, visco elasticity, continuous cropping, organic amendments, urea fertilizer, soil fertility, maize, intercrop system, standard heterosis, heterobeltiosis, hybridization, vegetative technology, grass vegetation, watershed, water discharge, allelopathy, allelochemicals. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of plant and soil research.

  • Current Innovations in Chemical and Materials Sciences Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of chemical and materials sciences. The contributions by the authors include phytopathogen, photocatalytic activity, green synthesis, plant pathogens, catalytic deoxygenation, HZSM-5 zeolite catalyst, fossil fuel dependency, chlorella vulgaris microalgae, electroplating techniques, flexible electronics, electrical conductivity, conductive textiles, polymers plasticization, biopolymers, glassy state, product molding, electro physical properties, radiation-thermally treatment, metallic beryllium, AFM microscope, mechanical properties, silica fumes, fly-ash, particle reinforcements for polymers, corrosion products, density functional theory, crocin, aluminum alloys, porous ceramics, cylindrical pores, solidification process, diesel particulate filter, carbon nanotube and graphene aerogels, 3D materials, hybrid aerogels, room-temperature freeze gelation, 2,5-pyridine dicarboxylic acid, polymeric materials, biocompatibility and biodegradability of polyesters, drug delivery. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and  academicians in the field of chemical and materials sciences.

  • Research Trends and Challenges in Physical Science Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of physical science. The contributions by the authors include quantum chromodynamics, heavy quark mixed hybrid mesons, relativistic heavy ion collisions, clear air turbulence, Kapton film, ion implantation, microwave, absorption, imaginary numbers, special theory of relativity, invisible universes, antimatter, anti-space, dynamics of photon-scalar interaction, beyond standard model, mixing dynamics, astrophysical consequences, dark matter, dark energy, dark space, dark dimensions, imaginary numbers, special theory of relativity, invisible universes, multiverse, hyperverse, gravity particles, mechanism of gravity, Navier-stokes equation, Partial Differential Equations, incompressible fluid, inhomogeneous linear equations, solution uniqueness, parallel universes, imaginary numbers, special theory of relativity. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of physical science.

  • SARS CoV2 Toxicity in Buccal Cells

    The COVID 19 is a deadly disease started spreading in India from March 2020. Initially there was no information about the pathogenesis of its causative agent SARS CoV 2 virus. But later the mode of transmission, pathogenesis in lung and other organs was published and vaccines were developed. Vaccinated patients showed less severe complications compared to patients who were not vaccinated and the virus had been with us till now infecting millions expressing less severe complications.

    As this virus is difficult to eliminate, it can infect many people repeatedly with symptomatic or asymptomatic presentations, it can cause nuclear material damage in the host cells which has not been established so far. This book gives complete information about the nuclear damage in the form of micronuclei, metanuclear changes, gene toxicity level and its possible mechanism caused by the SARS CoV2 Virus. 

  • Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of Medicine and Medical Research. The contributions by the authors include Immunotherapy, pneumonitis, cardiotoxicity, pembrolizumab, survival, Burn prevention, first aid, public awareness, school education, Color words pick-out test, neuropsychological test, Preclinical Stage of Dementia, Mild Cognitive Impairment, slight disorder, Neurobics, sanskar remodelling, diabetes, Periapical lesion, Mineral Trioxide Aggregate , Bone Graft , Platelet Rich Fibrin , \(\beta\)- Tricalcium Phosphate, Platelet Rich Plasma , Children with down syndrome, Counselling, Hemimandibulectomy, mandibular deviation, paired occlusion, twin occlusion, Obesity, Pseudoaneurysm, Renal transplantation, Ultrasound, Multislice CT scan, Imaging, Colour Doppler, Thermal stimulation, heat, fomentation, cell growth, cell division, apoptosis, skeletal muscle-derived cells, Transcriptome, Antitubercular drugs, Hepatotoxicity, \(\alpha\)-tocopherol, antioxidant property, L- Carnitine Administration, Hemodialysis Patients, muscle fatigue, intradialytic hypotension, Odontoma, compound odontoma, mixed odontogenic tumor, hamartomatous lesion, Systemic inflammation, frailty, sarcopenia, immune modulation, theophylline, chloroquine, Immunocompetent, modified acid fast staining, psoas abscess, Nocardia, Sirenomelia, Caudal Regression Syndrome , vascular steal theory and Teratogenesis, ATP, ATPase nanomotor, \(\beta\)-islet cell, deuterium-depletion, deuterium-depleted water, glucose tolerance, HBa1c, type-II diabetes, Ultrasound guided, Erector spinae plane , and block Tramadol. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Medicine and Medical Research.

  • Emerging Issues in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of environment, geography and earth science. The contributions by the authors include breeding techniques, aquaculture, employment, hypophysation, groundwater quality assessment, climate change, anthropogenic activities, physico-chemical analysis, environmental challenges, degradation of water quality, water sustainability, water-agriculture-energy, economic valuation; interdependence, treeline dynamics, climatic tolerance, glaciofluvial deposits, tree growth, salinity gradient solar pond, renewable energy, solar thermal technologies, solar photovoltaic system, meteorological conditions, accurate weather forecasting, natural disaster, weather research and forecasting model, crop-damaging illnesses, wilt disease, cyclonic activities, global warming, road construction, quality control, dynamic cone penetrometer, relative compaction, fossil fuels, anthropogenic emissions, atmospheric pollutants, PM2.5 pollution. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and  academicians in the field of environment, geography and earth science.

  • Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of Medicine and Medical Research. The contributions by the authors include Cutaneous Rhinosporidiosis, Disseminated, Nodules, Gestational trophoblastic disease, gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, chemotherapy, methotrexate,Epidemiology of Hemodialysis, end-stage renal disease, Coil embolization, hemoptysis, multidetector computed tomography , pseudoaneurysm,Visual impairment, obstructions and dissatisfaction in services,eye care facilities, mortality, morbidity, Survival, Pectoral nerve, pectoralis major muscle, nerve compression, Woven bone, carotis artery plaques, Turner syndrome, adolescent, delayed diagnosis, short stature, Cavernous sinus thrombosis , orbital cellulitis, high index of suspicion, Vascular Rehabilitation, Veno-Arterial-Lymphatic Rehabilitation, Ocular prosthesis, iris positioning, graph grid, eyewear method, Wound healing, chemo-surveillance, abnormal methylation enzymes, differentiation inducers, differentiation helper inducers, Sugar chain, postmortem brain, apoptosis, dentate gyrus, hippocampus, schizophrenia, Cerebral cortex, locus coeruleus, medulla oblongata, prenatal stress, noradrenaline, immunohistochemistry, Yoga, anorexia, psychiatric disorders, osteoporosis, childhood, extra pulmonary tuberculosis, Serum fluorescence, advanced glycation end products, diabetes duration, glycemic control, microvascular complications, Antioxidant nutricosmetics, growth factors for treatment of alopecia,and injectables for alopecia.This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Medicine and Medical Research.

  • Theory and Applications of Engineering Research Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of engineering research. The contributions by the authors include wood condition, durability of timber, environmental concerns, aging evaluation, data compression, wireless sensor networks, rice golomb coding, environmental monitoring, electric vehicle, engine-based transportation mechanism, automobile transformation, charging systems, smart cantilever beam model, mimo system, fast output sampling, sandwich beam structures, coconut shell, rapid industrialization, sustainable material, ecological imbalance, mechanical stress, fuel consumption, power automotive connectors, elasto-plastic behaviour law, autonomous seed sowing robot, digital farming, artificial system, robot farming system, traffic flow, vehicle detection, image processing technology, tripline video image processing, solar photovoltaic energy, grid-connected photovoltaic, maximum power point tracking, MATLAB. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and  academicians in the field of engineering research.

  • Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of Medicine and Medical Research. The contributions by the authors include perinatal outcome, fetal growth restriction, middle cerebral artery doppler sonography, leukemia, mixed phenotype, therapeutics, autism, lipid diet, sociability, aberrant vascularization of vitreous, ambiguity of vitreoretinal interface, internal limiting membrane maturation, mis-retinalization, psudo-retinalization, retinopathy of prematurity, rhesus alloimmunization, intravenous immunoglobulin, middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity, mindfulness, mindfulness-based interventions, cancer, breast cancer, death anxiety, Peripheral angioplasty, systemic heparinization, risk factors, restenosis, model building, multivariate statistics, proportional hazards regression, SAS programming, statistical computation, dopamine, nucleus of the solitary tract, dorsal motor nucleus of vagus, noradrenaline, dopamine-\(\beta\)-hydroxylase, down’s syndrome, congenital heart disease, nutritional status, Agouti related peptide, feeding behavior, Neuro-peptide Y neurons, Pro- opiomelanocortin neurons, Reactive oxygen species, Graves disease, urgent thyroidectomy, hyperthyroid, Bio-active titanium, Low intensity ultrasound waving, Simulated body fluid, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Refractive Index, Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Artificial Neural Network, Support Vector Machine, Chronic periodontitis, metabolic syndrome, systemic diseases, biomarker, melanocytes, micro biopsies, fine needle aspiration biopsy, core needle biopsy, telomerase reverse transcriptase, brain, neuron, neurodegenerative disease, cutaneous vasculitis, paradoxical effect, biotherapy, rheumatoid arthritis. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Medicine and Medical Research.

  • New Visions in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical science. The contributions by the authors include obstructed labour, vesical calculus, pregnancy, premature delivery, rare lethal congenital anomaly, fetal scalp bones, acrania, congenital malformation, diabetes mellitus, myocardial infarction, hysterectomy, cardiovascular disease, coronary artery disease, burnout, psychological symptoms, work-related stress, medical specialties, heimler’s syndrome, hearing loss, oro dental disorders, ectodermal dysplasia, patellofemoral pain syndrome, musculoskeletal physiotherapists, proximal hip muscle weakness, patellofemoral joint pathology, vastus medialis obliquus, child mortality, health seeking behaviour, socio-economic characteristics, partnership, clavicle fracture, surgical management, violent collisions, internal fixation, plasma ascorbate, antioxidant defense, vitamin c supplementation, antioxidant enzyme activity, aging, alveolar attachments, chronic diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, alveolar attachments, metabolic syndrome, sedentary lifestyles, non-communicable diseases, gestational diabetes, autoimmune response, diabetic retinopathy, herbal medicine, prostate cancer, genetic anomaly, DNA damage repair, monkeypox pathogenesis, mRNA vaccines, post-smallpox eradication, WHO emergency committee, artificial intelligence, neural networks, good old fashioned artificial intelligence, natural language processing, yoga, suryanamaskar and ujjayi pranayama, heart rate variability, non-communicable disease, microbial flora, antiphospholipid syndrome, morphofunctional state of the endometrium, pregnancies. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and  academicians in the field of medicine and medical science.

  • New Visions in Biological Science Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of biological science. The contributions by the authors include diatom ecology, diatom community structure, epiphytic diatoms, relative abundance, PSII activity, fluorescence, photosynthetic activity, Ganges pollution, lockdown effect on environment, dissolved oxygen, total and fecal coliforms, biological oxygen demand, cadmium bioremediation, biotechnology, morphometric data, ABO groups, Rhesus factor, hemoglobin, biological control, Threatened Pheasants, emigration, optimal harvesting, stock assessment, tuna fishing, submerged cultures, foraminifera, protozoa, carbon cycle, oxidative stress, antioxidant activity, riverine vegetation. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of biological science.

  • Introduction to Helminthology

    Welcome to "Introduction to Helminthology," a comprehensive guide designed to introduce you to the fascinating world of parasitic worms. From the ancient days of Aristotle to the cutting-edge research of modern scientists, helminths have captivated the curiosity of scholars and researchers alike.

    In this book, we embark on a journey to explore the diverse array of helminths that inhabit our world, from the microscopic nematodes to the intricate tapeworms. Through the pages of this text, you will delve into the intricacies of helminth biology, their life cycles, modes of transmission, and the complex interactions they have with their hosts.

    Helminths have played a significant role throughout human history, shaping ecosystems, influencing cultures, and impacting human health. Understanding these parasites is crucial for healthcare professionals, researchers, and anyone interested in the intricate web of life on our planet.

    Whether you are a student seeking foundational knowledge in helminthology, a healthcare professional aiming to better understand parasitic infections, or simply a curious mind intrigued by the wonders of the natural world, this book is your gateway to the captivating realm of helminths.

    We hope that "Introduction to Helminthology" serves as a valuable resource in your exploration of this fascinating field. May it inspire you to further delve into the mysteries of parasitic worms and foster a deeper appreciation for the complexity of life that surrounds us. "With heartfelt gratitude, special thanks to Dr. Sanjeev Kumar, Dr. R. P. Sinha, Dr. N.K. Dubey, and Dr. Usha Dubey for their unwavering guidance and support throughout the creation of this book."

  • Current Topics in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of agricultural sciences. The contributions by the authors include sugarcane, garrett ranking, Nitrogen, silicon, rice yield, nutrients, Biochar, CO2 emission, Luvic Antrosols, Waste water, sanitation, recycling, fertilization,  nutrition, temperature, Soil texture, cassava, geostatistical analysis, kriging, spatial interpolation, Sentinel-2, unsupervised classification, spectral bands, Wheat Crop, Peripheral regions, rural areas, innovation, smart growth, smart village, Smart Rural Development, Antioxidant enzymes, Biochemical parameters, Drought, Protein profiling, Sustainable agriculture, Indian mustard, callus, cell suspension culture, somatic embryogenesis, plantlet regeneration, Soil health, sugarcane trash, in-situ composting, and cane yield. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of agricultural sciences.

  • Theory and Applications of Engineering Research Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of engineering research. The contributions by the authors include scour, wing-wall type, spillthrough type, dielectric resonator antenna, wireless devices, schottky diode, radio frequency, star shaped dielectric resonator antenna, split-ring resonators, complementary split-ring resonators, microwave devices, electromagnetic simulations, glycerin heating process, purification process, proportional integral derivative controller, free fatty acids, ANSI-C application layer framework, semiconductor fabrication technology, digital converter, microcontroller-based systems, micro-operating systems, timing error detection, dynamic voltage scaling, FIR filter, razor based voltage, diesel engines, biofuel, inlet air pressure, multi regression model, artificial neural network, nonlinear complex systems, multilayer feed-forward neural networks, machine learning, inorganic coagulants, synthetic polymer coagulant, chemical purification, electrolysis, rural household photovoltaic system, life cycle analysis, energy payback time, carbon footprint, copper twisted pair cables, resistance-inductance-capacitance-conductance, copper-clad aluminum, power-over-ethernet, physical integrity of the cables, transmission line parameters. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and  academicians in the field of engineering research.

  • Clinical Application of Nerve Intervention in Cerebrovascular Diseases

    This book dealt Clinical Application of Nerve Intervention in Cerebrovascular Diseases. The contributions by the authors include neurointerventional therapy, Cerebrovascular Diseases, treatment process, Clinical Application, operation analysis, CT scan, angiography, subarachnoid haemorrhage. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians

  • Contemporary Research in Business, Management and Economics Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of business, management and economics. The contributions by the authors include decentralized finance, digital assets, crypto-currency, smart contracts, cost accounting, activity based costing, cost centre accounting approach, social-capitalist view, corporate governance, management style, stakeholder, rural development, sustainability, project management principles, project risks, digitization, new digital-ready models, human relationships, fourth industrial revolution, public financed health insurance, national health policy, government programs and schemes, national essential list of medicines, neoclassic, entrepreneurial activities, mercantilism and bullionism, eurocentric economic nationalism, sustainable economy, financial innovation, digital exchanges service, digitalized payment mechanism, new financial trend, strategic decision-making, SMEs, entrepreneur-controlled businesses, strategic leadership. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and  academicians in the field of business, management and economics.

  • Acute-phase Treatment and Prevention of Large Coronary Artery Lesions in Kawasaki Disease

    I encountered an outbreak of Kawasaki disease (KD) in Japan on 1982. Aspirin therapy was a sole treatment for the disease, and many children had severe coronary artery lesions (CALs) on 1982. Currently, we have been able to utilize an intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy for KD, and the prevalence of CALs caused by KD have been decreasing. However, an effective use of IVIG therapy for the prevention of severe CALs has not been established yet. In this book, I have reviewed findings of clinical trials conducted in our department regarding acute-phase treatment and prevention of severe CALs in KD.

  • The Paradigm of Complex Probability, Prognostic, and Dynamic Logic

    The book topic The Paradigm of Complex Probability, Prognostic, and Dynamic Logic differs from most of other mathematical topics in its point of view. It attempts to analyze and to develop methods for simulating stochastic or deterministic phenomena and statistical processes and to relate them to a newly developed logic that I coined by the terms Dynamic Logic. Also, if the computer can be made to imitate an experiment or a process, then by repeating the computer simulation with different data, we can draw statistical conclusions. In such approach, the conclusions may lack a high degree of mathematical precision but still be sufficiently accurate to enable us to understand the process being simulated. Probability theory is a branch of statistics, a science that employs mathematical methods of collection, organization, and interpretation of data, with applications in practically all scientific areas. As a matter of fact, prognostic in science means to predict the failure of any system before its failure occurs whether in physics, in engineering, and in all disciplines of applied science. Hence, prognostic has tremendous consequences and crucial predictions as we shall see in the third chapter of the book where it was applied to petro-chemical pipelines and was successfully related to my complex probability paradigm as well to my novel dynamic logic. Thus, three fields were linked and were bonded together.

  • Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 12

    This book covers key areas of Medicine and Medical Research. The contributions by the authors include perinatal outcome, fetal growth restriction, middle cerebral artery Doppler sonography, leukemia, mixed phenotype, therapeutics, autism, lipid diet, sociability, aberrant vascularization of vitreous, ambiguity of vitreoretinal interface, internal limiting membrane maturation, mis-retinalization, psudo-retinalization, retinopathy of prematurity, rhesus alloimmunization, intravenous immunoglobulin, middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity, mindfulness, mindfulness-based interventions, cancer, breast cancer, death anxiety, Peripheral angioplasty, systemic heparinization, risk factors, restenosis, model building, multivariate statistics, proportional hazards regression, SAS programming, statistical computation, dopamine, nucleus of the solitary tract, dorsal motor nucleus of vagus, noradrenaline, dopamine-\(\beta\)-hydroxylase, down’s syndrome, congenital heart disease, nutritional status, Agouti related peptide, feeding behavior, Neuro-peptide Y neurons, Pro- opiomelanocortin neurons, Reactive oxygen species, Graves´ disease, urgent thyroidectomy, hyperthyroid, Bio-active titanium, Low intensity ultrasound waving, Simulated body fluid, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Refractive Index, Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Artificial Neural Network, Support Vector Machine, Chronic periodontitis, metabolic syndrome, systemic diseases, biomarker, melanocytes, micro biopsies, fine needle aspiration biopsy, core needle biopsy, telomerase reverse transcriptase, brain, neuron, neurodegenerative disease, cutaneous vasculitis, paradoxical effect, biotherapy, rheumatoid arthritis. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Medicine and Medical Research.

  • Research Advances and Challenges in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of agricultural sciences. The contributions by the authors include sorghum genotypes, climate change, predominant crop, nitrogen fertilizers, tribal population, growth performance, pig rearing, pre-weaning mortality, fishing, economic activity, socio-economic values, income of fishers, biological indicators, soil quality, environmental safety, paddy field intensive management, risk management, agribusiness, technological advancements, sustainability, horticultural plants, genetic material cultivation, investment, chili hybrids, agricultural support services, information and communication technology, transfer of technology, agricultural extension policy, plants growth promoting rhizobium, nitrogen fixing bacteria, biofertilizers, acetolactate synthase, herbicides, mutation of herbicide, castor oil, biopesticide, pest of eggplant, soil and water degradation, sustainable agricultural practices, market gardening, farmer’s perception, poultry production, food security, egg consumption, animal protein intake, pod yield, path coefficient analysis, heritability. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and  academicians in the field of agricultural sciences.

  • Emerging Challenges in Environment and Earth Science Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of Environment and Earth Science. The contributions by the authors include nano-particles, remediation, Nano-toxicity, nano-adsorbents, nanofilters, photocatalytic  degradation, advanced oxidation process, Human interventions, River system, River functions, Metallurgy, vertical migration, chemical contaminants, pollutants, chemical analysis, diffusion models, land use change, land cover changes, geography teaching, environmental stress, neuro-humoral regulation, atmospheric electricity, noise pollution, noise climate, aquatic plants, stabilization ponds, global photosynthesis, sedimentary organic carbon, subduction zone, earth’s crust,  photosynthesis equation, ecological compensation point, photorespiration, Hydro-meteorological disasters, climate change, geological factor, climate change, precipitation, hydro-meteorological disasters, mitigation measures. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Environment and Earth Science.

  • Research Perspectives of Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of microbiology and biotechnology. The contributions by the authors include melanoma, tumour formation, nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-kB) pathway, signalling cascades, copper dependent growth behaviors, micronutrient, biochemical parameters, heavy metals, fungal skin infections, topical anti-fungal therapy, superficial mycoses treatment, pathogenicity, antibacterial property, herbal products, antibacterial potential, medicinal plants, colibacillosis, bacterial disease, E. coli, biosecurity protocol, heavy metals, in vitro hairy root cultures, industrial revolution, plant culture system, fungal glycosidases, glycoside hydrolases, glycoside bond formation, carbohydrate-active enzyme, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, teaching veterinary clinical complex, staphylococcal mastitis, subclinical mastitis, antibiotic sensitivity, edible coatings and films, grape pomace, anti-cancer properties, flowering time, genetic variation, SSR marker, agronomic performance. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and  academicians in the field of microbiology and biotechnology.

  • Recent Updates in Disease and Health Research Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of disease and health research. The contributions by the authors include yoga, physical exercises, good health, asana, Indian spices, biotherapeutics, chronic disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, metabolic syndrome, drug biotherapeutics, personality and mental health, neurotic personality traits, diathesis stress model, psychiatric illness, schizophrenia, criminal violations, dementia, vitamin D deficiency, alzheimer's disease, neurotrophins, cognitive impairment, chronic kidney disease, renal failure and nephrolithiasis, end stage renal disease, mesenchymal stem cells, dietary goal, knowledge, attitude and practices, hypovitaminosis D, musculoskeletal disorder, primary mucinous adenocarcinoma, appendix, carcinoid tumors, epithelial tumors, tuberculosis, koch bacillus, anti-tuberculosis therapy, cervical pott’s disease, behavioral patterns, behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, society guidance, non pharmacological treatment, malignancies, solid tumours, rheumatological  discrepancies, organ dysfunction syndrome, pneumonia, pathomechanism of sepsis, microvascular thromboses, pathogen invasion, genome-wide association studies, type 2 diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, disease management. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and  academicians in the field of disease and health research.

  • Novel Perspectives of Engineering Research Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of Engineering Research. The contributions by the authors include partially-defined Boolean function, set of supporting variables, Karnaugh map, prime, implicant, irredundant disjunctive form, minimal sum, complete sum, Solid waste, High performance concrete HPC, longitudinal and transverse reinforcement, steel fibers, fibre reinforced plastics, environmental effect, thermal strain, building surveying, maintenance and public building, chemical composition, durability, mechanical properties, mollusk seashell, physical properties, sustainable construction, waste recycling, Spray particles kinematics, single- and multi-droplet systems, classic and quantum mechanics, sprinkler water droplets, mathematical modeling, finite fields, computer arithmetic, montgomery multiplication, parallel mechanism in arithmetic and logic structure, wireless world wide web, voice over internet protocol, wireless system for dynamic operating mega communication, photothermal, semiconducting, the lifetime, carrier density, rotation, generalized thermo elasticity, Network reliability, complementation, de’ Morgan laws, Boole-Shannon expansion, symbolic checking, probability-ready expression, multi-state system, strip moment ratio, plate deflection and Plate moments. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Engineering Research.

  • Contemporary Perspective on Science, Technology and Research Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of science, technology and research. The contributions by the authors include mobile communication, direct-to-home technology, satellite cable industry, video consumption, uranium content, natural radioactivity, technologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive material, radionuclide distribution, erbium doped fiber amplifier, multiple laser source, optical fiber, internet communications, nano sciences, nanotechnologies, economic growth, newton’s law of gravitation, big bang, genesis, laws of nature, brain-computer interfaces, parkinson's disease, neurological disorder, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, titanium alloy, bone–implant contact, additive manufacturing, x-ray computed tomography, biosensors, bio recognition, medical diagnosis and healthcare, professional hackers, stepping-stone intrusion, round-trip-time, packet matching-based methods, natural energy power generation systems, parallel lever-crank mechanisms, power generation systems. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and  academicians in the field of science, technology and research.

  • Selected Topics in Humanities and Social Sciences Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of Humanities and Social Sciences. The contributions by the authors include intertextuality, meta-poetry, modern Arab poetry, Mahmud Darwish's poetry, E-learning, critical success factors, Capital structure, leverage, managerial skill, return on equity, Dysmorphobia tendency, praise seeking, rejection avoidance, self-oriented perfectionism, Victorian fiction, Mary Elizabeth Braddon, sensation novels, Gothic novels, gender studies, subversive narratives,, post-feminist studies, narratives, antheroes, epistolary novel, early detective fiction, female detectives, Foster Greer and Thorbecke index, household endowment, logistic regression, poverty reduction, rural households, Boundaryless careers, employable workforces, young, career competences, environmental management accounting, environmental performance, small-medium sized manufacturing, egocentricity, histrionic personalities, leadership qualities, memory, repression, striving for recognition, exorcism, deliverance ministry, exorcists, contemporary world, feminism, gender, femininity & masculinity, Da'wah Communication, social life, communication practices, grade and academic specialization. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Humanities and Social Sciences.

  • Dar es Salaam Urban Streets Design Guide

    The Urban Street Design Guide is expected to be used for capacity building in terms of teaching of urban design courses offered at Ardhi University. Furthermore, the Design Guide will be used by practitioners for street design and better urban transport planning in Dar es Salaam City.

    The author of the Urban Street Design Guide is Dr. Emmanuel E. Mchome, who was a member of CUPID Phase 2 and an academic staff at Ardhi University.

    It is our expectations that the Urban Street Design Guide will be used as intended.

  • New Visions in Science and Technology Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of Science and Technology. The contributions by the authors include accuracy data sets, deep learning, machine learning techniques, Iodine content, metopism, frontal bone, metopic suture, electrocardiogram, arrhythmia classification, speech synthesis, voice parameterization, Line Spectral Pair, electronics, microprocessor controls, asynchronous motor, vector algorithms, discontinuous control, phase rotor, traction drive, regenerative braking, actuator, summing amplifier, sequential correction, PID controller, stand-alone filter, PWM interval, biodiesel, algae oil, methanol, performance and emission characteristics, Harmattan workshop programme, Underground coal mining, rock cutting, continuous miner, Wavelet adaptive methods, contours preservation, wavelet multi-resolution analysis, intelligent system, reinforcement learning, control the way of reaching a goal, smart shopping-cart learning agents, color measurement, image color analysis, chromaticity distribution, probability distributions matching, watermarking, cryptography, semantic and syntactic based watermarks. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Science and Technology.

  • Recent Research Advances in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of arts and social studies. The contributions by the authors include animal motifs, indian art, anthropomorphic, indus valley civilization, intergovernmental relations, opportunistic federalism, jurisdictional boundaries, stereotypes, anti-racism laws, human rights, trickledown racism, alternate reality game, collaborative learning and literacy practice, digital environments, multiliteracies, trait anger, aggression, cardiovascular disorders, resentment, human rights, social work education, human rights, employment, non-social work, curriculum, public policy, media’s obfuscation effect, awareness and educationm, digital literacy, digital entrepreneurship, mass awareness, neighborhood layout plans, urban planning, township authorities, residential settlements, growing populations, sports facility, leisure activity, economic and cultural growth, post-modern society, rational development stars, social heterogeneity. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and  academicians in the field of arts and social studies.

  • Recent Trends in Chemical and Material Sciences Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of Chemical and Material Sciences. The contributions by the authors include Fatigue, 3D printing, Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene , Plasmon, surface plasmon resonance, sensitive element, sensitivity, accuracy of measurements, Additive manufacturing, selective laser melting, temperature distribution, residual stress, deformation, thermo catalytic decomposition, Non-linear system, white noise, response, equivalent linearization, random vibrations, Corrosion, corrosion fatigue, duplex stainless steel, geothermal environment,   Nano devices, circuit industry, molecular junctions, gamma doses, micro structures, Polysulfone, Malachite Green, X-Ray Diffraction Spectroscopy, Charge Transfer Complex, Scanning Electron Microscopy, dye sensitized solar cell, photo electrochemical performance, Nanoparticles, polymer blends, thin films, vapor deposition, electrical properties, optical properties,  petrographic study, geotechnics parameters. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Chemical and Material Sciences.

  • Introduction to Finance-Banking and Financial Technology: Case in Vietnam

    In the undergraduate training program in Finance, Banking and Fintech, we have designed an introduction module to the field of study. This is a module in the general knowledge block, helping students grasp the regulations in the learning process and learn about the curriculum to plan their studies well. Besides, it introduces students to the financial market and trading products on the financial market; understand the Fintech industry and development trends; grasp the job positions and recruitment needs of the labor market as well as clearly know the requirements for knowledge, skills, attitudes or general abilities. Equally important, ethical standards in the profession are also introduced in the last chapter to help students understand general regulations, grasp two cases of ethical standards of securities companies and banks in practice. From there, students can grasp the standards to avoid violations when participating in the official labor market.

  • Issues and Development in Health Research Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of Health Research. The contributions by the authors include musculoskeletal disorders, work-related musculoskeletal disorders, Covid-19, academic stress, depression, anxiety and parental pressure, health care reforms, health equity, non-communicable disease, health awareness, oncocytic neoplasm, Pseudo-Cushing’s syndrome, antiretroviral therapy, chronic disease, online health information, online health services, health empowerment, diagnosis, Q fever, Economic insecurity, Medical doctrines, mental disorders, Neurological disorder, homocysteine, RN residency program, transition to practice, new graduate nurses, competency skills, quality and safety education for nurses, nursing process cycles, SARS-CoV-2, blockchain technology, health industry, health oriented product. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Health Research.

     

  • Biology of Spirometra Species in Peninsular Malaysia

    This is the first edition of the book which is brought to our esteemed readers. The book has clearly elaborated the life cycle of the parasite Spirometra. This is a zoonotic parasite. It is a Pseudophylidean tapeworm. Spirometra parasitizes invertebrates and vertebrate hosts.

    Much information on the biology of Spirometra may also be found in general textbooks of parasitology and published papers. However, there is no single authoritative source that brings together a wide range of Spirometra biology. Therefore, this work is an attempt to fill this gap in the parasitological literature. I am aware that certain areas have received only brief treatment. The areas in the life cycle which have been covered by an individual is an expert in the field. However, I feel that the presentation of a variety of ideas in this work will stimulate research.

  • New Visions in Science and Technology Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of science and technology. The contributions by the authors include sound pressure levels, road surface anomalies, geo-locator, thin films, spray pyrolysis, optical constants, band gap energy, bioacoustics analysis, health services, basic services, administrative science concepts, public service concepts, energy sources, on-farm and off-farm activities, lower limb amputation, gender difference, depression, anxiety, stress, corrugated airfoil, lift coefficient, drag coefficient, panel method, Reynolds number, peer tutoring, expository teaching strategy, speed bumps, vehicle, vibration dosimeter, comfort Index, bacterial population, brain volume, Intracranial volume, Intracranial pressure, Volume-Pressure relationship, ICP Control, ICP Plateau-waves, harmonics, total harmonic power, nonlinear load, active power filter, M-algorithm, App-DDoS browsing behavior, hidden semi Markov model. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of science and technology.

  • Theory and Applications of Engineering Research Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of engineering research. The contributions by the authors include brick prisms, universal testing machine, glass fiber-reinforced polymers grids, load carrying capacity, energy growth, renewable energies, photovoltaic solar pumping system, photovoltaic inverter, sustainability, internal combustion engine vehicles, electric vehicles, poisson process, queues theory, speech recognition performance, acoustic performance, speech transmission, computer-aided design, supercapacitors store electrical energy, voltage dynamics, internal parameter values, energy storage systems,  medical ultrasound scanner, field programmable gate array, signal processing chain, vlsi technology, pushover analysis, non-linear time history analysis, performance-based seismic design, biaxial eccentricity, biodegradable resources, natural plant fibers, silane treatment, hybrid composites, anti-microbial textile, anti-bacterial fibres, foodborne pathogens, microbial growth, voice-controlled industrial parameters monitoring and controlling, internet of things, low consumption of power, automation technology, open-flow technique, WLAN-based access designs, mobile IP technique, network-based mobility management protocol. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and  academicians in the field of engineering research.

  • New Visions in Biological Science Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of Biological Science. The contributions by the authors include viral respiratory infections, pandemics, epidemics, influenza virus, human rhinovirus, human respiratory-syncytial virus, Growth rate, high yield, monosex, sustainable development, Fungicide, GST, cholinesterase, biomarkers, toxicity, mitochondrion, chloroplast, mitoplastide genome, proto-eukaryot, photosynthetic organisms, methemoglobin assay, histology, dental caries, herbal toothpaste, antimicrobial activity, primary production, zooplankton, Genetic diversity, genotype, hybridization, taxonomy, pollination, haemolymph, antifungal activity pathogens, allelopathy, seed germination, seedling growth, germination efficiency, chemical constituents. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Biological Science

  • Research Updates in Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of mathematics and computer science. The contributions by the authors include topological vector, scalar multiplication mapping, s-topological vector spaces, banach contraction principle, unique fixed point, b-metric, logarithmic transformation, lognormal probability, polymerase chain reaction, cybersecurity awareness, security awareness and training program, higher education sector, network interface cards, media access control address, static IP assignment, cauchy-riemann equation, boundary value problem, fractional cauchy problems, gmtds algorithm, real-time database system, cloud computing, transaction processing, extensible markup language, database migration, entity-relationship data model relationship, advancements in technology, blockchain technology, cryptocurrency, boot loader, open source operating systems, universal serial bus flash drives, booting process, vertex sum cube, vertices, edges, multiplicative labelling, digital logical system, decomposition methods, boolean matrix calculation, banking system, linear programming model, loan disbursement, financial health of banks. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and  academicians in the field of mathematics and computer science.

  • New Visions in Science and Technology Vol. 10

    This book covers key areas of Science and Technology. The contributions by the authors include sliding mode control, manipulator, unknown control direction, Nussbaum function, lyapunov approach, machine learning, internet of things, back propagation, remote sensing, deep learning, LIS Research contributions, lubricity additive, ultra low sulphur diesel, biochar, plant growth, rice husk, seed germination, silicon content, binary mixtures, metabolic syndrome, bioactive peptides, storage proteins, biomass, disease resistance, finger millet, grain color, marketability, variety evaluation, physiotherapists, modified Delphi technique, health professions, digital design, digital architecture concept, computer-aided design understanding, digitalization, design pedagogy,nNegative acoustic effect, insect larvae, stiffness, resonance frequency, physical wellness, physical activities, e-learning, text-based learning, deconstructive philosophy, coronary artery disease, nanoparticles, nanotechnology, restenosis, acoustic cavitation, barrel sanitation, phenolics extraction, microbial activation and destruction, spoilage, wastewater treatment, wine maturation, : Dust-Ion acoustic solitary wave, dusty plasma, KdV Soliton, Bolzmann Electrons. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Science and Technology.

  • Contemporary Research in Business, Management and Economics Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of business, management and economics. The contributions by the authors include servant leadership, transformational leadership, organizational success, employee engagement, digital payment adoption, energy markets, decision-making process, post covid-19, indian petro retail, technology innovation, consumer satisfaction, technology-led services, field of accounting, information technology, curriculum in accounting education, technological skills, international financial reporting standards, international accounting course, cultural differences, accounting decisions, lifestyle, expatriation, professional development, digital payments, demonetization, ict penetration, policy considerations, consumer behaviour, satisfied customer, globalization, digital media, rural firms, digital marketing, technological advancements, export competitiveness, trade direction, cashew processing, , agricultural exports, enterprise resource planning systems, customer service, information system, neighbourhoods, smart growth, sustainable development. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the field of business, management and economics.

  • Emerging Challenges in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of Agriculture and Food Science. The contributions by the authors include pollen allergy, allergenic weeds, pollen morphology, weed management, biomass, fermentation, prebiotics, food security, functional foods, medicated ghrita, neurogenesis, cardio-protectant, ayurveda, acute toxicity, productivity, microstructure, mechanization, Indian sweets, apocynaceae, triterpenoids, photochemical, nutritional energy, gonadal sperm, Chinese chestnut, chocolate, sensory evaluation, microbiological analysis, nutritional analysis, Dark chocolate, electroencephalogram, cognitive effects, flavonoids, Brain Electrical Oscillations, broiler chickens, performance and carcass characteristics. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Agriculture and Food Science.

  • Evolution

    Welcome to the enthralling journey through the pages of this book on evolution. The exploration of life's remarkable journey, from the simplest microorganisms to the complexity of the human species, has been a captivating endeavor for scientists, thinkers, and curious minds throughout history.

    Evolution: Unraveling Life's Tapestry aims to be your guide through the intricate patterns of change that have shaped the diversity of life on Earth. This book is not merely a chronological account of evolutionary events; it is an invitation to contemplate the profound mechanisms that have sculpted the tree of life.

    As we delve into the depths of genetic variation, natural selection, and the interconnectedness of all living beings, we will navigate the milestones that mark the evolutionary timeline. From the emergence of the first single-celled organisms to the awe-inspiring adaptations that have allowed species to thrive in diverse environments, each chapter unveils a layer of the grand narrative that is evolution.

    Moreover, this book endeavors to bridge the gap between scientific complexity and accessibility. It is our aspiration that readers, regardless of their scientific background, will find the concepts presented here both engaging and comprehensible. Evolution is not confined to laboratories and academic discourse; it is a story that belongs to all of us.

    The journey through these pages is not a solitary one. It is an invitation to join the ranks of those who have marveled at the mysteries of life and sought to understand the underlying principles that govern its unfolding. Whether you are a student, a scholar, or simply a curious mind, this book aims to be a source of knowledge, inspiration, and a catalyst for further exploration.

     

    Let the voyage into the heart of evolution commence, and may the revelations within these chapters deepen your appreciation for the intricate dance of life on our remarkable planet. "For M.Sc. and CSIR JRF aspirants, may this book serve as a beacon of knowledge, guiding you towards success in your academic endeavors."

    "With heartfelt gratitude, special thanks to Dr. Sanjeev Kumar, Dr. N.K. Dubey, and Dr. Usha Dubey for their unwavering guidance and support throughout the creation of this book."

  • Plasmas afterglows with \(N_2\) for Surface Treatments

    Various ionized gases are plasmas. They are present in the universe (stars), in the ionosphere and in the magnetosphere. They are manufactured on earth for numerous applications such as reactors for controlled fusion, arcs for mineral fusion and for welding, gas laser discharges, arcs for lighting, discharges for chemical synthesis of various products (enrichment of olefins), discharges for surface treatments (deposition of new materials , nitriding). Plasmas are characterized by high temperatures for thermonuclear fusion (108 K), in electrical arcs (104K) and also in various electrical discharges where only the electrons are at high temperatures (104 to 105K) , the neutral molecules being near room gas temperature.

    Such high temperatures specify the plasma medium as the fourth state of matter, after the solid, liquid and gas states.

    The presently studied reactive plasmas are characterized by hot electrons (104-105K) and a cold neutral gas (300-1000 K). The electron energy is transferred to the neutral gas not only for the gas heating but mainly to excite and to ionize the atoms or molecules on states of high potential energy. The excited ions , atoms or molecules, produced by electron collisions, characterize the reactive plasmas which are of special interest in the process of surface treatments.

    This book is focused on the production of plasma active species containing N2 which are molecules in electronic, vibrational and rotational states and dissociated atoms or radicals. Chap. 1 is devoted to plasmas processes which are mainly studied by optical spectroscopy. Chaps. 2 to 4 are for afterglow studies of microwave plasmas in N2 gas mixtures , particularly by Laser Induced Fluorescence ( LIF) and applied to surface cleaning  ( Chap.2) , to medical sterilization ( Chap.3) , for a comparison of two RF and Microwave flowing afterglows in N2 gas mixtures in the surface nitriding of TiO2 films ( Chap.4) .

    Additional chapters are to bring additional results on afterglow studies : Chap 5  on “Active species in N2 and N2-O2 afterglows for surface treatments” in complement to  Chap 3 and Chap 6 on “Determination of N and O atoms, of N2(A) and N2 (X,v>13)  metastable molecules and of N2+ ion densities in the afterglows of N2-H2, Ar-N2-H2 and Ar-N2-O2 microwave discharges” in complement of the previous publication by A.Ricard , J.Amorim , M.Abdeladim, J.P. Sarrette  and Y. K. Kim ( 2020): H and C-atoms density in flowing afterglows of microwave R/N2-H2 and R/N2-CH4  discharges with R=N2, He, Ar and applications to TiO2 surface nitriding. Chap. 9 p.103-143 of Book: Current Perspectives on Chemical Sciences Vol 8 (Book Publisher Int.).In this last chap. 6, the influence of He and Ar rare gases on the N2 characteristics in afterglow conditions, especially on H2 dissociation rates are reported. A chapter 7 is devoted to sputtering, CVD and remote plasmas for a-SiH, TiN thin films deposition and iron nitriding. A chapter 8 develops the results obtained in Ar and N2 plasmas produced by microwave cavities from low to atmospheric gas pressures. A chapter 9 is devoted to plasma sources for high flows of R(He, Ne Ar) metastable atoms and N,O and H active atoms.

    The rare gases – metastables reactions with in particular M=N2 in plasmas conditions are reported in the book edited by George Bekefi (1976), Principles of laser-plasmas. Chapter 5: Metastable atoms and molecules in ionized gases by J. L Delcroix, C. M Ferreira and A. Ricard, a Wiley Interscience publications.

    These present afterglow chapters gather previous publications with M. Moisan and J. Hubert (Univ. of Montreal); H. Michel, T. Czerwiec and T. Belmonte (LSGS Nancy);  SG  Oh and YK Kim ( Ajou Univ. Suwon) and  M.Gaillard , S.Villeger, C.Canal , S.Cousty , F.Gaboriau and JP. Sarrette (Laplace Toulouse).

    This book is devoted to master and Ph. D. students in Plasmas and Chemical and thermal engineering.

    The book can also concern physicists in fundamental sciences, specialists in atomic and molecular physics, interested by the plasmas and afterglows surface treatments.

    Dedicace

    This book is dedicated to Jean-Loup Delcroix (1924-2003) , my professor at the origin of the Plasmas Physics in France , to  Guy Gautherin (1938-2015) for carrying away in the plasmas-surface physics , to my colleagues and friends Carlos Matos-Ferreira ( 1948-2014) to develop the plasmas kinetics and modelling and  Jean Bretagne ( 1940-2021) for his contribution to plasma spectroscopy and modelling.

  • New Visions in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical science. The contributions by the authors include test anxiety, relaxation and cognitive restructuring techniques, trait anxiety, relaxation treatment alone, trace element, hepatic carcinomas, metallothionein, hepatocellular carcinoma, emotion, psychological changes, neocortex, anxiety, mica particles, transformation smectite, t cell, vitamin B12, diabetes, glycemic assessment, normoglycemia changes, dysglycemia, acute kidney injury, renal abnormalities, chronic kidney disease, gynaecological disorders, acute renal failure, pregnancy, effective renal plasma flow, effective renal plasma flow, chronic hypertension, acute tubular necrosis, urinary tract obstruction, blood transfusion, alloimmunization, transfusion-transmitted infections, hiv/aids pandemic, public health legislation, transfusion medicine, quality system management, blood transfusion, good manufacturing practice, humanitarian emergency, risk assessment, disaster risk reduction, mergency preparedness and contingency planning, atopic dermatitis, transepidermal water loss, skin of color, neuropsychiatric conditions, skin barrier dysfunction, hernia, canal of nuck, surgical management, breast cancer, resistin gene, polymorphism, biomarkers. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the field of medicine and medical science.

  • Current Aspects in Pharmaceutical Research and Development Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of Pharmaceutical Research and Development. The contributions by the authors include drug safety, adverse drug reaction, adverse events, pharmaco vigilance,  ayur-pharmaco-epidemiology, proton-coupled electron transfer, superoxide radical anion, mesalazine, cyclic voltammetry, electron spin resonance, ulcerative colitis, hepatoprotective assay, antioxidant properties, acute rheumatic fever, Rheumatic heart disease, Pediatrics, Urethral strictures, Antifungal drug, granulation method, hardness, thrombolytic characters, antimicrobial properties, screening designs, factorial designs, response surface plots, ootropic effect, electrochemical energy state, electrochemical capacitors, pseudo capacitive, hybrid nano- structures, nanocrystals, nanorods, Neuropathy, diabetes mellitus, pathogenic, pregabalin, Antifungal agent, glucocorticosteroids, derivative spectroscopic method. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Pharmaceutical Research and Development.

  • Advanced Research in Biological Science Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of biological science. The contributions by the authors include humoral structures, inter-organic and functional synchronization, informational principle, synergetics, quantum mechanics, classical physics, quantum cryptography, Einstein’s theory, water regulates homeostasis, dynamic equilibrium, oscillatory homeostasis processes, biopolymer conformation, quantum dots, information processing, supramolecular systems, wave-particle, bovine horn core carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma of horn, cytokeratin, non keratinizing type tumours, celeastralean plexus, taxonomy, iron deficiency anemia, optical coherence tomography,  neurometabolism, physiologic needs, coronary heart disease, edible crustaceans, nutritional values, lipids and fatty acids, nutritional composition, human hepatocellular carcinoma, historical significance, community empowerment, genome editing, Cas9 protein, guide RNA, CRISPR technology, cottonseed meal, rice husk, cholecalciferol supplementation, anti-nutritional factors, rice germplasm, distinctiveness, uniformity and stability test, geographical influence, abiotic hazards. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the field of biological science.

  • Research Trends and Challenges in Physical Science Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of Physical Science. The contributions by the authors include energy, entropy, laws of thermodynamics, heterogeneous flow, proton exchange membrane fuel cell, membrane, pressure difference, adaptive control, intelligent optimizing algorithm, electro negativity, bulk modulus, ternary chalcopyrite structure, principal quantum number, Background and electron liquid, charge density, exponential potential, energy spectrum, outer boundary, magnetic field, photoelectric effect, harmonic analysis, harmonic phasor estimation, Multiple-resonator-based filter, discrete Fourier transform, Finite-impulse-response filter, Group delay, total vector gradient, recursive algorithm, minimax design, Quantum dots, optical limiting, photo dynamics, auger processes, Interplanetary magnetic fields, solar cycle 24, disrupt radio communications, magnetic reconnection, raw materials drugs, Piezo force microscopy, general - cosmological parameters theory, oxicity, emission, nano-materials and Solar cells, reactive oxygen species, glass transition temperature, oxygen packing density, cut-off wavelength, optical band gap, micro-electro mechanical system, parametric excitation, mathematical model. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Physical Science.

  • Advancement and New Understanding in Medical Science Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of medical science. The contributions by the authors include cutaneous mercury granuloma, toxicity, mercury exposure, erythematous lesions, multiple births, palmar flexion creases, dermatoglyphics, ink method, vaginismus, matrimonial disharmony, psychosexual dysfunction, labia minora flaps, dietary management, diabetes mellitus, end-stage kidney disease, chronic albuminuria, diabetic nephropathy, myopia, myopic eyes, corneal curvature, myopic peripheral refractive errors, epigenetics, gestational diabetes mellitus, pregnancy, insulin resistance, epigenetic modifications, urinary tract infections, asymptomatic bacteriuria, antibiotic therapy, group-b streptococcus, cardiovascular system, myocardial injury, covid-19, hypertension, coracoclavicular joint, coracoid process, apophysis, articular facet, cirrhosis of liver, thyroid function, chronic liver diseases, child pugh scoring, hormone metabolism, cerebrovascular stroke, ischemicstroke, hyperlipidemia, vitrectomy techniques, recurrent retinal detachments, silicones recompartmentalize, perisilicone proliferation, cesarean section, vaginal birth, fetal distress, severe pre-eclampsia/eclampsia, exstrophy-epispadias complex, classic bladder exstrophy, duplicate exstrophy, leakage of urine. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the field of medical science.

  • Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 14

    This book covers key areas of Medicine and Medical Research. The contributions by the authors include endosomal epitopes, pathogenic epitopes, autonomic endogenous immunotherapy, arthritogenic epitopes, intrasynovial infiltration, trunk rotation, idiopathic scoliosis, scoliotic posture, palliative care, cancer consortium, emergency repeat cesarean delivery, Trial of labour after caesarean, vaginal birth after caesarean section, Poly cystic ovarian syndrome, metabolic abnormalities, bush medicine, Flexor digitorum profundus, ulnar nerve, accessory muscle, flexor pollicis longus, Multiple sclerosis, antioxidants propertieslipoic acid, Type I diabetes, stem cells, C-peptide assays, endocrinology, metabolism, Symptomatic fibroids, menorrhagia, epitranscriptomics, acute myeloid leukemia, Micro-RNA, Immunotherapeutics, air-powder polishing, tooth polishing, non-surgical periodontal therapy, biofilm, plaque control, abrasives, occupational hazard, aerosols, histiocytic sarcoma, lytic lesion, proximal tibia, heterotopic pancreas, ectopic pancreas, pancreatic choristoma, pancreatic rest, hyperthyroidism, iron metabolism. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Medicine and Medical Research.

  • Emerging Issues in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of environment, geography and earth science. The contributions by the authors include climate change, statistical downscaling, global climate models, crop simulation, sustainability, economic diversification, superorganism, alternative energy, evapotranspiration, geographically weighted regression, bowen ratio methods, optical remote sensing, plant community structure, soil degradation, pastoral value index, natural radioactivity, soil analysis, genetic mutation, terrestrial gamma radiation levels, geo-environmental hazards, coastal erosion, renewable and non-renewable resources, coastal communities, sustainable development, malagasy mangroves, anthropogenic harvests, plastic pollution, marine environments, organic matter content, biotic and abiotic factors, seasonal fluctuations, biomass of phytoplankton, pigment diversity, fresh water ecosystems. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the field of environment, geography and earth science.

  • Educating Patriotism for Vietnamese Students

    This book deals with the content of traditional cultural values of the Vietnamese nation. Educating national cultural identity for Vietnamese students in the trend of international integration; Educating traditional moral values for Vietnamese students; Educating Vietnamese youth on patriotism in the period of national development; Education for the socialist national protection awareness for Vietnam youth; The role of the Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union in the education of revolutionary ideas, ethics, cultural life for Vietnam's youth. This book includes a lot of content about traditional culture, and educating that culture for Vietnamese students, it is suitable for students, researchers, academicians of this field of study.

  • Recent Developments in Chemistry and Biochemistry Research Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of chemistry and biochemistry research. The contributions by the authors include charge-transfer, triazine compounds, antitumor activity, aromatic heterocyclic nitrogen derivatives, spectroscopic analysis, high electronic affinity, charge transfer interaction, density functional theory, aluminum 6013 alloy, metal matrix composites, corrosion behaviour, environmental behaviour, crude oil emulsion, colloid chemistry, coal hydropyrolysis, hydrophile-lipophile balance, B-aminoketone fragment, biological activities, structure-activity relationships, thermal springs, balneotherapy, electrical conductivity, rheumatic diseases, inflammatory arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, electroless coatings, corrosion resistance, antifungal properties, olive cultivars, agronomic practices, wine production, molecular docking, protein-ligand docking, biochemical processes, virtual screening. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the field of chemistry and biochemistry research.

  • Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 15

    This book covers key areas of Medicine and Medical Research. The contributions by the authors include Rheumatoid Arthritis, Epidemiological Factors , Biological Markers, Disability Score, Abdominal tuberculosis, extrapulmonary tuberculosis, peritoneal lesions, omental lesions, Venous ischemic stroke , cerebral venous sinusthrombosis , ultrasound index of arteriovenous ratio , visual analog scale of headache, Visual thinkers and verbal thinkers, Mental imagery, Beta-band and gamma-band activities, Magnetoencephalography, Down Syndrome, Patau Syndrome, Edward Syndrome, Autosomal Trisomies, COVID-19, Dentin remineralization, enamel remineralization, functional remineralization, biomimetic remineralization, biomimetic analogues, Salivary pH, salivary biomarkers, periodontitis, Breast cancer, Erectile Dysfunction, Testosterone Deficiency, Sex Hormone Binding Globulin, Hypertensive, care bundle, cholesterol control,  stroke risk, Tubercular lymphadenitis, cervical lymph node, Dengue fever, acute transverse myelitis, Distal femoral fractures, locking compression condylar plate, Neers’ scoring system, OTA classification, gastrulation, bone marrow stem cells, umbilical blood cord cells, transplantation, fetuses weight, teratogenesis,  Brush biopsy, Electrosurgery,  Exfoliative cytology, Fine Needle Aspiration, and Punch biopsy. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Medicine and Medical Research.

  • An Overview of Water Quality Modeling in India: A Case Study

    A capability to represent quantitatively the responses of the aquatic environment to actions of man is an essential part of resource management. It is manifest in the mathematical model, which, if correctly designed, will simulate real-world behavior under conditions yet to be experienced. Used with discretion and appreciation of its limitations, the model can become a helpful tool in the management process, enabling the user to explore new horizons of the imagination, to compare choices, and to identify pathways toward superior solutions to practical problems.

    Mathematical modeling of water quality presents a special challenge to the systems analyst because it demands integration of so many disciplines. It is dependent upon hydrology and hydromechanics for description of the movement of water and the mechanisms of mixing. It calls upon climatology, meteorology, and atmospheric physics to specify conditions at the air-water interface. It draws on the chemistry of dilute solutions, chemical kinetics, and biochemistry for determination of the fate of substances dissolved or suspended in water. It requires knowledge of the interrelationships of aquatic life forms and their environment - an understanding of aquatic ecology. Perhaps it is this interdisciplinary aspect of water quality modeling that has attracted so many competent scientists to become practitioners of the art. Whereas a decade or so ago water quality models were novelties in the technical literature, today they are acknowledged with increasing frequency as necessary elements in environmental and resource management.

    An excellent learning tool for students in environmental engineering and environmental sciences programs, the models depicted in Water Quality Modeling may be used for class assignments, term projects, and to supplement course lectures and textbooks. Practicing engineers will also find this book useful in making a rapid assessment of a water body problem.

    The contents of this book are organized in five chapters: Chapter One – Introduction about Water Resources in India and its spatial distribution, Water Quality Modeling – History, Scope and Overview; Chapter Two – Description of Study Area, Natural and Economic Conditions; Chapter Three – Methodology for sample collection & handling, Water Quality Index by Conventional method and Fuzzy logic water quality index determination by using various models; Chapter Four – Application of advanced Modelling tools for reservoir and generating non inferior solutions.

    Yet, despite the enthusiasm with which modeling of aquatic systems has apparently been embraced, there exists a gap between conception of the model as an exercise of the mind and its use as a practical tool. One has only to examine the literature to see that comparatively few water quality models have attained a status that enables the technology they represent to be transferred to others.

    Needless to say, in a maiden attempt of this kind, we might have inadvertently erred on some counts. We appeal to all readers, colleagues and students, to point out these, and to offer constructive suggestions for improving the book.

  • Intelligent Control in Robotics: Design and Application

    Robotic systems are mechanical systems with actuators, motors and brakes. The main theme in robotics research and applications: the design considerations and strategies in robotic control systems. This book provides the reader with an in-depth knowledge of intelligent controllers design in the field of robotics. The performance of these controllers is verified using simulations in the MATLAB environment.

    This book focuses on the presentation and application of intelligent controller approaches using conventional and non-convective control techniques.

    The main objectives of the book are:

    • To provide a list of intelligent control design methods that can be implemented for robotics engineering applications;
    • To present advanced methods of designing intelligent controllers and their stability analysis methods;
    • And to validate each intelligent controller, through numerical simulations of robotic systems examples.

    The book is organized into three chapters as follows:

    The chapter 1 is devoted to the presentation of the parallel robotics and the control of a parallel robot by a classic controller for the tracking of the reference trajectories.

    The field of parallel robotics is fascinating because there seems to be an infinity of research topics, of increasing complexity but still surmountable. That’s why, it’s not surprising that thousands of researchers are interested in this field today. More and more manufacturers are adopting parallel architectures for their products: motion simulators, industrial robots, positioners, joysticks, etc.

    Parallel robots have shown for decades that they can perform well in terms of speed and acceleration. Parallel kinematic manipulators (PKMs) are defined as follows: "A generalized parallel manipulator is a closed-loop kinematic chain mechanism whose end-effector is linked to the base by several independent kinematic chains". Among the parallel robots with the strongest acceleration capacities, we find the VELOCE robot.

    Chapter 1 deals with the control of parallel robot of four degrees of freedom called VELOCE. Thus, a conventional PID controller is applied on this system to improve the desired performance as stability and accuracy. In this chapter, we demonstrate the strength of this PID controller applied to a parallel kinematic manipulator known for its high non-linearity, time- varying parameters and uncertainties. Finally, the numerical simulations results are given and discussed.

    In Chapter 2 , we looked at the nonlinear control of underactuated mechanical systems, these systems having fewer actuators than degrees of freedom. This category of systems has been presented in details and their particular properties such as the non-holonomic of the constraints on their dynamics have been highlighted. Indeed, the dynamics of such systems are not entirely linearizable in the general case. The dynamics of the subsystem made up of non-linearized coordinates, called internal dynamics, are generally not stable. We then present non-minimum phase systems. It is therefore necessary to design a specific control technique for this type of under-actuated system.

    We propose to apply the adaptive fuzzy control technique for an under-actuated system called "inertia wheel inverted pendulum". This control technique takes into account the variation of the robot’s parameters, the non-linearity of the model to be controlled, and measurement errors due to the sensors which negatively influence the following of the inverted pendulum trajectory. A control law which takes these different factors into account would be an adequate solution to this control problem. Several simulation results have been presented and interpreted in order to observe the trajectory followed by the inertia wheel inverted pendulum after this control has been applied.

    In chapter 3, we are interested in the control of an exoskeleton-type robot for neuromotor rehabilitation. In fact, rehabilitation is one of the new fields of application of robotics in physical interaction. In this field, attempts are made to design mechanisms that can assist the movements of patients with neuromotor disorders in achieving physical movements. One of the important contributions is to be able to offer systems capable of controlling the mechanical forces distributed along the patient’s limbs during movements.

    The main focus in this chapter is the upper-limb robot control which allows the tracking of the reference trajectories of movements desired by the sick patient. To improve the quality of the control of the forces in the implementation of robotic exoskeletons, the main contributions are in the fields of design and robust control by adaptive sliding mode control. This work made it possible to propose a method to assess the quality of the human-exoskeleton interaction in cohandling tasks. Indeed, in order to be able to quantify the contribution of the various proposals in the field of design and control, we had to establish a control allowing to study in a reproducible manner the physical human-robot interaction.

  • Progress in Language, Literature and Education Research Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of language, literature and education research. The contributions by the authors include language skills, english writing skill development, conceptual act theory, listening skill, mauritian literature, coupeuses d’azur, indenturedship, spatial inequality, face-enhancing strategies, speech acts, discourse completion test, simulation learning environment, healthcare education, learner active engagement, trait anxiety, english literature, dark ages, freedom of speech, puritanism, social competence, personal growth, quality of learning, class atmosphere, english language teaching, public education system, teacher training, professional recognition, web-based solution, admission processes, centralized systems, inclusive education, pedagogical practice, teacher’s skills, parent-child interaction, cognitive activity, social interactions, zone of proximal development, educational infrastructure, 3d ergonomic board, conventional visual aids, instructional sector. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the field of language, literature and education research.

  • Hyaluronan in the Skin: Mechanisms of Age-Dependent and UVA-Provoked Down-Regulated Secretion of Hyaluronan by Human Dermal Fibroblasts and Prospective Agents to Ameliorate the Hyaluronan Deficiency in Chronologically Aged Skin and Photo-aged Skin

    Hyaluronan in the skin is an attractive substance especially in cosmetic surgery and beauty food.

    However, little has been known about its precise metabolism by human dermal fibroblasts and its biological influences by UVA radiation that can penetrate into the dermis where fibroblasts are located. Here is an adequate time when our research group has recently accomplished our long time approach into those uncovered biological lineages, which prompted me to publish this book.

  • Anthropological Explorations of Gender, Identity, and Economics

    “Anthropological Explorations of Gender, Identity, and Economics” is the third and last installment of the exciting research work conducted with motivated and sharp minded post-graduate and doctoral students from the department of Anthropology and Ethnology of Xiamen university, in Xiamen city, Fujian Province of the People’s Republic of China during the last 4 years.

    2024 is the 41st and final years of my academic career as an active Distinguished university Professor. During all these years and starting from 1983, I worked and taught at different research and higher education institutions in Africa, Europe, America, and Asia. I started at the university of Paris-Nanterre – then Universite Paris-X Nanterre – in France, and moved successively to the University of California-San Diego and the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor in the United States of America, then back to the University of Paris-Nanterre and took the position of Deputy Director at the Humanities and Social Science Institute of the CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) in France, and finally, moved to Xiamen University in 2017. All along, I taught as Visiting-Professor or Resident Guest at Cheikh-Anta Diop University in Senegal, Yaounde I-University in Cameroon, and the Institute of Advanced Studies of the Federal University of Minas Gerais at Belo-Horizonte in Brazil.

    Working directly with undergraduate and graduate students in the field in archaeological research projects in Belgium, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, France, Israel, and Senegal, and in the laboratory at the University of California-San Diego and the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor in the United States of America have always been part of the most rewarding experience of my academic career, resulting in many cases in co-authored peer-reviewed publications.

    The publication of this third and last edited volume resulting from Xiamen University “Writing Anthropology Seminar” is but the continuation of my commitment to a “pedagogy of action” that engages students in class-room, field studies, and archaeological laboratory training for the sake of nurturing talents and promoting exploration of the unknown. My 7 years’ experience at Xiamen university and by extension in China higher education institutions is quite contrasted. On the one hand, I have had very positive and rewarding interaction with open-minded, hard-working, and motivated undergraduate and graduate students. On the other hand, in contrast, I quickly realized the impossibility of crafting joined research with fellow-faculty members in a department with scattered individuals without any sense of common destiny beyond the usual slogans. It is however the strongly individualized system of rewards and promotion set in place in China Higher education that has generated that nefarious form of adaptation. Without going into details, most of faculty members in current Chinese institutions of Higher education are trapped in a kind of “rat race”, a competitive, exhausting, and endless rush for distinctions, rewards, and career advancement. Offered the job as a senior full professor past the official China retirement age, I was lucky to be out of the race right from the beginning. This allowed me to keep and expand my commitment to nurturing and supporting students research and publish at my own tempo.

    The essays assembled in “Anthropological Explorations of Gender, Identity, and Economics” feature the takes of a young generation of sharp-minded future anthropologists. They explored current themes in China anthropology but also delve on emerging research topics essentially in contemporary predominantly conservative Confucian China.  Explorations in gender issues are making significant progress in addressing broadening range of formerly taboo issues, challenging the predominant traditional patriarchal mind-set.  Identities and forms of belonging are like the Roman God Janus, who with his two opposed bearded faces represents the dual and contrasted aspects of all realities. As demonstrated in the assembled papers, identities and forms of belongings that vary enormously across cultures are products of history and are as such in constant reshaping and reformulation depending on the time-scale under consideration. As the saying goes, “Change is constant, and stability the exception”. It is unfortunate that the strong intellectual movement inspired in the 1970s-1980s that shaped the development of the dynamic subfield of economic anthropology, represented by star researchers like Maurice Godelier, Marvin Harris, Karl Polanyi, or Roy Rappaport – to mention but a few – is marginal in China Anthropology today. The sample assembled in the books “Economic Discourse” suggests however that there is hope in the future.

    It is with sheer and unapologetic delight that I have worked with the young bright minds who contributed to the outstanding educational experience condensed in this volume.

  • Heat Transfer for Engineering Students

    Heat transmission is a common occurrence in manufacturing schemes and other elements of life, and certain application areas of heat transfer are not difficult to find. When there is a temperature differential amid two systems, heat is a form of energy in transmission that transfers from one to the other devoid of transporting mass. Heat transfer difficulties are frequently characterized as either steady (also known as steady state) or transient (also known as transient) (also called unsteady). Heat transfer is accomplished by one or more of the following modes namely, conduction, convection and radiation. Diffusion of heat, also named conduction. The heat transfer by convection requires a solid-fluid interface, a temperature difference between the solid surface and the surrounding fluid and a motion of the fluid. Heat transfer from a body with a high temperature to a body with a lower temperature, when bodies are not in direct physical contact with each other or when they are separated in space, is called heat radiation. Mass is transported using two main methods: molecular diffusion and convection.

  • Contemporary Perspective on Science, Technology and Research Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of science, technology and research. The contributions by the authors include design of experiments, user experience, structural self-interaction matrix, e-health service, internet of things, physiotherapy, structural modelling methodology, digitization of health care, wireless sensor networks, radio communications, compressed sensing, communication channels, breast cancer, data preprocessing, machine learning, k-fold cross validation, road pavements, nottingham asphalt tester, coal tar, granular base stabilization, code-based cryptosystems, cryptography, post-quantum cryptography, science mapping techniques, shelf-life expansion, moisture content, fungi growth, post-harvest spoilage, modernization, digital information communication technology, information security, modernization, digital transformation, dielectric substrates, microstrip antenna design, fire retardant 4, military applications, solar power generation, digital power meter, energy monitoring system, photovoltaic system, space fabric, cosmological substances, electromagnetic waves, dark matter, cutaneous glands, biofluid, forehead sweat, biomarkers, supercritical fluid extraction, supercritical carbon dioxide, selectivity of supercritical fluids, medicinal natural products, polynomial model, vehicle emissions, air pollution, emission models, heavy metals. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the field of science, technology and research.

  • Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 13

    This book covers key areas of Medicine and Medical Research. The contributions by the authors include Leukemia cells, Phosphatase PP4, Cell response, MAP kinases, JNK kinase, Tax protein, Jurkat leukemia cells, all-trans retinoic acid, Chronic kidney disease, hemodialysis, exercise, oxidative stress, inflammation, Osteosarcoma, rothmund thomson syndrome, osteopoikilosis, osteogenesis imperfecta, diamond- blackfan anemia, COVID-19, Therapeutics, antiviral responses, severe acute respiratory syndrome,  epidemic, Contraceptive use, family planning, contraceptive acceptors, Gas gangrene, soft tissue infection, non-clostridial gas gangrene, limb gangrene, Suicidal hanging, partial hanging,  Dermatophytes, Onychomycosis, Non dermatophytes molds,  Immutonic capsule, Flu symptoms, ischemic stroke, pneumonia, hepatic encephalopathy, acute limb ischemia, thrombectomy, Colorectal cancer, Colon polyps, Forgotten stent, crossed renal fused ectopia, retrograde intrarenal surgery, Music psychotherapy, Parkinson's disease, Movement disorder, sleep disorders, insomnia, sleep apnea, restless leg syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, coronary artery disease, stroke, heart failure, anxiety, and depression. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Medicine and Medical Research.

  • Cell Homing - The New Age Therapy in Regenerative Endodontics

  • Issues and Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of Medicine and Medical Research. The contributions by the authors include Multifocal small bowel adenocarcinoma, multiple strictures, Intestinal Tuberculosis, Cosmetic dermatology, skin cancer, cutaneous manifestations, Synovial sarcoma,  chromosomal translocation, hairy nevus, Burkitt’s lymphoma, ewiNg’s sarcoma, melanocytic nevus, ossifying fibroma, vascular malformations, Colorectal surgery, colonic anastomosis, colonic innervation defects, impaired immune defense, Tinnitus treatment, Riedel’s lobe, accessory lobe, hepatocellular tumor, Surgical training, subspecialty training, COVID-19 symptoms, Immune response, toxic pulmonary edema, Homeostatic Microbiome, Teratoma, nasopharyngeal, intraoral, respiratory distress, Liver trauma, haemostasis maneuvers, resection, tamponade, Adverse drug reactions, pharmacovigilance, Ticks and tick-borne disease, parasitism,  Alternate nostril breathing, cognition, and visual evoked potential. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Medicine and Medical Research.

  • Recent Updates in Disease and Health Research Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of disease and health. The contributions by the authors include parasitic diseases, personal hygiene, intestinal and urinary parasites, formalin-ether concentration technique, oral health, quality health care, knowledge-attitude-practice, chemical contamination, neurobehavioral abnormalities, child health, environmental pollution, instagram, fear of missing out, personality development, covid-19, physical education, outdoor activities, hydrostatic weighing, resting metabolic rate, CD36, diabetic cardiomyopathy-atherosclerosis, post-translational modification, gene polymorphism, transient drug-induced myopia, vision impairment, adverse drug reaction, patho mechanism, female sterilization, increasing population, family planning program, women’s reproductive behaviour, betel quid, ceremonial activities, metabolic disorders, habitual consumption, processed and preserved products, augmented reality, hybrid technology, smartphones, nonverbal communications, health service providers, therapeutic communication, orthodontic treatment, tooth movement, transient receptor potential channel, signal transduction. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the field of disease and health.

  • Intensification of Ion Transport in Molten Electrolytes by Stimulated Dissociation of Complex Ions

    The Wien effect is known in the literature, according to which, when the electric field strength increases, the electric conductivity of an electrolyte solution of a given concentration increases and tends to a limit value equal to the electric conductivity of this solution at infinite dilution.

    The results of Wien's work confirmed the presence of an ionic atmosphere in solutions according to the Debye-Hückel theory. A complex structure model was developed for molten alkali metal halides. However, at that time there was no experimental data confirming the presence of complex ions in them. It was necessary to find a way to study and obtain signs of their existence in salt melts.

    The idea of studying the behavior of salt melts in pulsed electric fields belongs to O.M. Shabanov, who is one of the co-authors of the complex model of the structure of alkali metal halides. At that time Dagestan State University had a team of employees headed by Professor A.Z. Efendiev, who dealt with high-voltage pulsed discharges in gases. It was necessary to adopt this experience for salt melts, the conductivity of which is much higher than that of gases.

    Shabanov O.M. together with S.M. Tagirov and S.M. Gadzhiev developed a technique and created an experimental setup of high-voltage pulse conductometry as applied to highly conductive media and obtained the first results on the ultimate electric conductivity of molten lithium, sodium and potassium chlorides according to the Wien effect. Systematic research began in 1972.

    Subsequently, O.M. Shabanov and S.M. Gadzhiev improved the methodology and the experimental setup. It was attached to a spectrograph to study the emission spectra of melts and solid electrolytes. Post-graduate students Magomedova A.O., Kachaev R.G., Isakova A.A., Suleimanov S.I., Dzhamalova S.A. took part in the work at different stages.

    Great assistance in this work was provided by the university of administration of Dagestan State University, Professors, USSR State Prize Khokhlov V.A., Kudyakov V.Ya., Stepanov V.P., and the Institute of High-Temperature Electrochemistry, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, to whom the authors express their sincere gratitude.

    This work was supported by many grants from the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation, Universities of Russia, RFBR.

  • Advanced Concepts in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of pharmaceutical research. The contributions by the authors include abnormal DNA, chromosomal deletions, DNA aneuploidy, malignant colorectal adenomas, drug repurposing, antimicrobial discovery, pharmacological applications, drug's therapeutic value, medicinal plants, human behavior, ethnobotanical uses, himalayan herb, herbal remedies, culture growth, sustainable management, high-performance liquid chromatography, impurity profiling, anti-inflammatory effects, diclofenac sodium, pyrazolines, in vitro antioxidant activity, electron-donating substituents, condensation reaction, pharmaceutical tablet, current good manufacturing practices, compression, tablet coating, garenoxacin mesylate in human plasma, pharmacokinetic application, antibiotic resistance, RP-HPLC method, photothermal and photodynamic therapy, cancer, nanotechnology applications graphene oxide, drug delivery methods, therapeutic value, pharmacologically active agents, anti-inflammatory activity, medicinal properties. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the field of pharmaceutical research.

  • Industry 4.0: Advances and Applications

    To respond adequately to the above-mentioned research methodology, this study is structured in six chapters. The first three comprise theoretical background information and the final three are concerned with a qualitative cross-case research study regarding the decision-making implementation of industry 4.0

    More specifically, the first chapter provides the reader with a brief introduction to the topic of Industry 4.0 and additionally elaborates the purpose and method of research.

    • The following chapter comprises a review of the previous academic literature. To provide a valuable broad overview for the reader, the author has separated the literature review chapter into multiple subchapters that will describe in detail the following key issues relating to the technologies, design principles and existing maturity models.
    • The qualitative research methodology is presented in chapter three, including a brief description of the methodological background and the data collection process as well as the proceedings relating to the analysis.
    • Chapter four then sets out the data analysis, including a brief introduction to case study of Indian SME for which the research is carried out.
    • The conclusion of entire case study is presented in chapter 5, including the conclusion and future work.
    • At last, the final chapter i.e., chapter 5 sets to discuss the proposed future work for the expansion of work.

  • The Paradigm of Complex Probability and Metarelativity

    Firstly, I started working on the Theory of Metarelativity by expanding the Lorentz transformation equations of Einstein’s special relativity and assuming that the velocity of an inertial referential could be greater than the velocity of light. This idea is new in physics. I developed the new theory gradually and I did an extensive amount of reading and research over many years consequently since the year 1986 precisely in order to understand why astronomers have not observed yet particles that are moving with velocities greater than that of light as well as the nature of the mysterious and elusive dark matter and dark energy in the universe. This incited me to continue and to more elaborate the work below. In fact, no theory beholds and explains these observations in modern science since what we know in modern physics is the Albert Einstein’s model that is special relativity and its expansion which is the general theory of relativity. This new theory could be the new model and paradigm to take into account the superluminal particles undetected yet by our telescopes and observatories and to explain accordingly the existence of the obscure dark matter and dark energy.

    Moreover, the Theory of Metarelativity takes its name from the original special relativity since the prefix ‘meta’ was added to the word ‘relativity’ and this means ‘what is beyond Einstein’s relativity’. Hence, this work affirms correspondingly the existence of a superluminal meta-matter and meta-energy beyond ‘ordinary’ matter and ‘ordinary’ energy. As a matter of fact, Einstein’s model states that light is the limit velocity that couldn’t be surpassed. The theory of Metarelativity develops more the theory of relativity which was divided by Einstein into two parts:

    • The special relativity
    • The general relativity

    Also, relativity is an outstanding theory written at the beginning of the 20th century. It deals with the velocity of light. The general one deals with gravitation and space-time. The latter is very elegant and is considered as a marvelous work of abstraction. The special one uses the Euclidean geometry and is very simple. The general one uses the non-Euclidean geometry and is very abstract. So, relativity uses both, the Euclidean and the non-Euclidean geometries. In the special relativity, we use the Lorentz transformation to compute the velocity of inertial systems of referential relatively to each other and relatively to light. In the general one, we study gravitation and the effect of matter on the structure of space-time. The latter is an expansion of the first theory in which space-time stops being flat but starts to be curved due to the effect of light, matter and energy. In fact, matter and energy are equivalent according to Einstein in his theory and this is shown by the famous equation put by him:

    E = mc2

    Albert Einstein showed that light is the limit speed that a moving body could reach. In addition, matter affects the structure of space-time to make it curved and this is due to the interaction between matter and space-time. It is important to mention here that space and time are considered in the Einstein’s model as a unified continuum where all interacting bodies exist and move. What is more interesting is that energy converts into matter and matter into energy when acting in space-time like in stars nuclei and in black holes.

    Furthermore, gravitation is shown by Einstein to be a fictitious force and is the consequence of inertia. In fact, the Principle of Inertia states that a moving body continues to move in a straight line if no action was done on the body (free motion). It is one of the fundamental principles in classical physics, and described by Isaac Newton in his first law of motion. Hence, Einstein confirmed and postulated in his general relativity that gravitational mass is equivalent to inertial mass and it is known as the Equivalence Principle. Accordingly, Albert Einstein was accurate in determining the effect of the curvature of space-time due to matter and energy and calculated this curvature near the sun and hence predicted the discrepancy in the position of distant stars and the anomalies in the motion of the planet Mercury which is the nearest planet to the sun in the solar system. Einstein used also his theory to estimate the form of the universe and the galaxies inside it.

    Additionally, Einstein noted in his photoelectric theory that photons are the particles of light and that their velocity is accordingly the velocity of light denoted by ‘c’ for short. He excelled in his theory when he discovered the photoelectric effect where photons hit electrons like two moving balls or waves and this yields an electric current like in wires due to the action made by the photons on the electrons.

    In addition, all the concepts used by Einstein were very easy and very clear except perhaps the identification of gravitation to inertia in accelerating systems of referential which needs considerable abstraction and meditation. What should be noted also is that both theories (the special and the general relativity) are expansions of the model created by Sir Isaac Newton in his mechanics and his theory of gravitation. As a matter of fact, all the three written theories: the mechanics of Isaac Newton in the 17th century, the Einstein’s special relativity and general relativity in the 20th century, were paradigms to represent and to understand the universe. They were in fact complex mathematical and physical theories and systems that try to explain the cosmos in its entirety and which have tremendous philosophical implications.

    As well, the Theory of Metarelativity is an attempt to expand this paradigm another time and furthermore by increasing matter velocity to greater than the velocity of light like in outer space and in the whole universe and like artificially in gigantic accelerators which accelerate and smash particles to delve into the structure of modern particles and atomic physics and to study and to test thus their fundamental interactions.

    Finally, and to conclude, mathematics is the most positive and the most certain branch of science due to its universality. It is considered worldwide as the ‘Esperanto’, that means the common and universal language, of all sciences. Certainly, the pleasure of doing and working mathematics and physics is everlasting. I hope that the reader will benefit from both and will share the pleasure of examining the present book. In fact, the combination of both mathematics and physics leads to amazing and ‘magical’ results and consequences and models, and the following manuscript is an illustration of this approach.

                   

  • Cutinase: Preparation and Application

    Cutinases, also known as cutin hydrolases (EC 3.1.1.74), first discovered from phytopathogenic fungi that grow on cutin as the sole carbon source. Cutin is a complex biopolymer composed of epoxy and hydroxy fatty acids and forms the structural component of higher plants cuticle. Cutinases are serine esterases with a classical Ser-His-Asp catalytic triad that belong to the \(\alpha\)/\(\beta\) hydrolase superfamily. It was found to be distinct among the \(\alpha\)/\(\beta\) hydrolases, unlike the majority of lipases and esterases, which is able to hydrolyse lipid substrates and, its activity is not activated by interfacial effects-it efficiently hydrolyzes hydrophobic substrates in solution or in emulsions.

    Cutinases were identified in the 1960's and characterized in the early 1970’s. The cutinase from the filamentous fungus Fusarium solani pisi rapidly became a model system for the study of cutinase structure, function and reactivity. There are few studies on bacterial cutinases because of the lack of open reading frames. This book begins by presenting recent progress concerning the detail information of Thermobifida fusca cutinase as one of bacterial cutinases, highlighting the structural characteristics and catalytic activities that distinguish cutinases from related enzymes. Its versatile catalytic abilities led to it was potentially useful for a variety of industrial applications.

    In this book, four sections (Total 11 chapters) are organized by our groups, which summarizes identification, modification, preparation and application of T. fusca cutinase. Section 1 (chapter 1 and 2) that edited by Ling Qia Su and Sheng Chen reviews identification and characterization of cutinase. Section 2 (chapter 3 and 4) that edited by Wei Xia and Kang Zhang focuses on structure activity relationship and molecular modification of cutinase. Section 3 (chapter 5, 6 and 7) that edited by Ling Qia Su, Zheng Fei Yan, Lei Wang and Yan Huang introduces preparation of cutinase by overexpression and its fermentation strategy. Section 4 (chapter 8, 9, 10 and 11) that edited by Zhan Zhi Liu, Zheng Fei Yan and Wei Xia enumerates some cases about application of cutinase as natural green friendly methodology in textile, papermaking and ester synthesis industry.

    Special thanks are due to our group, without whose constant efforts the volumes could not be published. We believe that we have tried our best to draw a more comprehensive atlas for the development of cutinase. We also wish to thank everyone involved in making this book possible and hope that it will become a tool equally useful to researchers, industrialists and students.

  • Current Innovations in Chemical and Materials Sciences Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of chemical and materials sciences. The contributions by the authors include water-soluble polyethylene glycol, dendrimer, nanotechnology, silver nanoparticles, pollution generating mechanisms, environment’s polluting system, recycled steel processing industry, photocatalytic degradation, visible light irradiation, rhodamine 6g, dye concentrations and photocatalyst doses, divergent aryl and aliphatic amines, eco-friendly chemical processes, solvent-free conditions, copper oxide nanoparticles, uv-vis spectra, powder XRD analysis, green synthesis, pharmaceutical ingredients, high biocompatibility, active pharmaceutical ingredient, variable kinetic properties, multi-reflecting time-of-flight mass spectrometry, mass spectrometry consulting, y-injection scheme, double orthogonal accelerator, transparent conducting oxides, electronic conductivity, hydrogen and titanium co-doped ZnO, thermal energy transfer, high-altitude aerospace environments, dynamics simulations of helium, rarefied gas dynamics, kinetics and oxidation of di-oxo-bridged manganese, metalloenzyme cluster, Mn-superoxide dismutase, thiocyanates, quartz window, rapid thermal treatment, radiative heat removal, self-oscillating and self-wave processes, bistability. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the field of chemical and materials sciences.

  • New Innovations in Economics, Business and Management Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of Economics, Business and Management. The contributions by the authors include Impact of COVID-19, bankruptcy, unemployment, economic growth, M-accessibility, M-communication, M-distribution, mobile web shopping, personality, Target capital structure, debt maturity, food industry, food additives, food packaging, Behavioral finance,  panel data, Tobin’s Q, workplace coaching, self-actualization, organizational culture, and cross-cultural comparison. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Economics, Business and Management.

  • Advancement and New Understanding in Medical Science Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of medical science. The contributions by the authors include type 2 diabetics, basal-bolus insulin, hyperglycaemia, neuroendocrine stress, hyperuricemia, cardiovascular risk, metabolic problem, pain sensation, nociceptive-sympathetic coupling, periaqueductal grey, spinal nociceptive transmission, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic kidney disease, inflammatory biomarkers, behcet's disease, non-granulomatous anterior uveitis with hypopyon, immunosuppressive treatment, cutaneous mucosal lesions, inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, crohn’s disease, toxicity of iron, total iron binding capacity, iron deficiency anemia, maternal mortality, yoga practicing, lifestyle diseases, biological ageing, non communicable diseases, ocular manifestations, cataract, diabetic retinopathy, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, immune thrombocytopenia, ulcerative colitis, thrombocytopenia, systemic hemorrhagic diathesis, vitamin d and calcium deficiency,  cigarette smoke exposure, maternal nutrition status, cervical carcinogenesis, malignant tumour, self-organized cervical structures, modern medicine, hypomagnesemia serum magnesium levels, urinary magnesium wasting, multi-enzyme complexes, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, microbial profile, pathogens, covid infection. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the field of medical science.

  • Innovations in Science and Technology Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of Innovations in Science and Technology. The contributions by the authors include Cutting Fluid , surface roughness, tool wear,  Cutting Tool , Cutting Zone , epigenetics, cytotoxicity,  oncogenetic, Bibliometric analysis, authorship pattern and degree of collaboration, content analysis, Public Perception, Internet Bypass Fraud, SIMBox fraud, voice over internet protocol, call data analysis and management system, national security threat,  SWOT analysis, price risk, dynamic voltage restorer, Voltage Sag and Swell, Power Quality, Voltage harmonics, Chemotherapy, saliva, periodontal disease, Speech intelligibility assessment, formant-modulation method, and measuring exactness. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Innovations in Science and Technology.

  • Recent Updates in Disease and Health Research Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of disease and health research. The contributions by the authors include parasitic diseases, schistosomiasis affects, helminthiasis, malaria, hypochromic microcytic anemia, plasmodium species, strategy of care, poly-parasitism, normochromic microcytic anemia, malignant melanoma, aggressive tumor, primary oral melanoma, system dynamics model, general practitioner workforce, poor sanitation and hygiene practices, water and sanitation infrastructure, industrial hazardous waste, menstrual hygiene, healthy reproductive future, reproductive tract infections, urinary tract infections, maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality, maternal health information, social, economic and political issues, birth preparedness and complication readiness, yoga sutras, pata\(\tilde{n}\)jali devote, cognitive (j\(\tilde{n}\)\(\bar{a}\)na) powers, tattva truths, zoonotic disease, access to healthcare facilities, animal-human interaction, emerging and endemic zoonotic diseases. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the field of disease and health research.

  • Enhanced External Counterpulsation: Current Practices and Future Directions

    Treatment of ischemic heart disease (IHD) has moved on gradually from the use of simple vasodilator nitrates to complex multiple medications and interventional procedures including coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Current treatments for IHD are able to decrease the incidence of morbidity and mortality in many patients. The concept of increasing the aortic diastolic pressure increase coronary perfusion pressure and blood flow was first introduced in USA by Kantrowitz in 1953. He showed in an animal study that, if coronary arteries are perfused at elevated pressure during diastole the coronary blood flow can be increased by 20-40%. This concept of Counterpulsation leads to development of invasive Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) Counterpulsation and non-Invasive Enhanced External (EECP) Counterpulsation. Initial equipment for non-Invasive Counterpulsation was hydraulic driven with a single water filled bladder applied in the lower limb. In 1975 air driven pneumatic EECP system was developed. Several studies on MI and Cardiogenic shock were reported during the 1970’s.This book has been written with the basic concept of Enhanced External Counterpulsation (EECP) therapy. EECP therapy is approved by USA FDA for stable Angina, heart failure (HF), cardiogenic shock and acute myocardial infarction (MI). The treatment is widely used for the first two indications angina and heart failure and there are more than 150 papers published in peer reviewed medical journals support its uses in these selected group of patients. Enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) has been shown to reduce angina and to improve objective measures of myocardial ischemia in patients with refractory angina. Prospective clinical studies and large treatment registries suggest that a course of EECP is associated with prolongation of the time to exercise-induced ST-segment depression and resolution of myocardial perfusion defects, as well as with enhanced exercise tolerance and quality of life. With a growing knowledge base supporting the safety and beneficial clinical effects associated with EECP, this therapy can be considered a valuable treatment option, particularly in patients who have exhausted traditional revascularization methods and yet remain symptomatic despite optimal medical care. However, although the concept of external counterpulsation was introduced almost four decades ago, and despite growing evidence supporting the clinical benefit and safety of this therapeutic modality, little is firmly established regarding the mechanisms responsible for the beneficial effects associated with this technique. Suggested mechanisms contributing to the clinical benefit of EECP include improvement in endothelial function, promotion of coronary collateralization, enhancement of ventricular function, and peripheral effects similar to those observed with regular physical exercise.Enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) is a noninvasive outpatient therapy for the treatment of chronic angina. EECP treatment produces an acute hemodynamic effect that is similar to that produced by the invasive intra-aortic balloon pump. Three sets of cuffs on the upper thigh, lower thigh, and calves of each leg are inflated with compressed air during the diastolic phase of the cardiac cycle and are deflated in early systole. This rapid inflation and deflation raises diastolic aortic pressure, increases coronary perfusion pressure, and provides improved after load reduction and increased venous return with a subsequent increase in cardiac output. Enhanced external counterpulsation has been shown to provide long-term symptom relief in patients with ischemic heart disease in several case series, as well as in a randomized trial. Up to 80% of patients selected for treatment have a positive clinical response, and an associated objective improvement has been demonstrated by functional imaging in several case series. A treatment course consists of 35 1-hour sessions over a 7-week period and is generally well tolerated with a low risk of adverse events. Development and enhancement of collateral channels, as well as peripheral conditioning and neuro humoral effects, may play a role in providing symptomatic relief. Studies are ongoing to determine the mechanism of action and to further define subsets of patients who might benefit.

  • The Paradigm of Complex Probability, the Law of Large Numbers, and the Central Limit Theorem

    This book is titled “The Paradigm of Complex Probability, The Law of Large Numbers, and The Central Limit Theorem”. It embraces an inventive work that illustrates my original and new “Complex Probability Paradigm”, or CPP for short, when applied to two famous problems and theorems in Mathematics which are: The Law of Large Numbers first and The Central Limit Theorem second. Consequently, two chapters were written for this purpose where my novel paradigm was implemented to each topic.

    Furthermore, to introduce and to summarize this innovative paradigm to the reader we state that: The system of axioms for probability theory laid in 1933 by the great Russian mathematician Andrey Nikolaevich Kolmogorov can be extended to encompass the imaginary set of numbers and this by adding to his original five axioms an additional three axioms. Therefore, we create the complex probability set C, which is the sum of the real set R with its corresponding real probability, and the imaginary set M with its corresponding imaginary probability. Hence, all stochastic experiments are performed now in the complex probability set C = R + M instead of the real set R. The objective is then to evaluate the complex probabilities by considering supplementary new imaginary dimensions to the event occurring in the “real” laboratory. Consequently, the corresponding probability in the whole set C is always equal to one and the outcome of the random experiments that follow any probability distribution in R is now predicted totally in C. Subsequently, it follows that chance and luck in R is replaced by total determinism in C = R + M. Accordingly, by subtracting the chaotic factor from the degree of our knowledge of the stochastic system, we evaluate the probability of any random phenomenon, met in science and in mathematics, in C. Thus, since this extension was found to be fruitful and successful and rewarding, then a novel paradigm of stochastic sciences and prognostic and mathematics and science in general was established in which all stochastic phenomena in R were expressed entirely deterministically in the probability universe C = R + M. This is what I coined by the terms “The Complex Probability Paradigm”.

    As a matter of fact, my background is a Ph.D. in Computer Science, a Ph.D. in Applied Mathematics, and a Ph.D. in Applied Probability and Statistics, so I combined my knowledge in Probability Theory with Applied Mathematics and I wrote this book and this mathematical and physical and philosophical model and paradigm. Actually, as it is well-known, the theorems and the theories of Pure and Applied Mathematics are the work of eminent mathematicians like the prodigies Carl Friedrich Gauss, Leonhard Euler, Siméon-Denis Poisson, John Von Neumann, Thomas Bayes, Jakob Bernoulli, Joseph Louis Lagrange,   Pierre-Simon Laplace, Andrey Nikolaevich Kolmogorov, Blaise Pascal,   Abraham De Moivre, etc.

    Hence, we must pay tribute to those magnificent giants of science and sometimes of philosophy who contributed to enrich our knowledge of mathematics and physics and the universe and increased our understanding of all-natural phenomena and of existence.

    Moreover, the book uses hence algorithms to simulate my applied paradigm to random phenomena encountered in Mathematics. Accordingly, I wrote them using the well-known software which is MATLAB version 2023 and they were executed on my workstation computer system to acquire a suitable speed and efficiency needed for this numerical and stochastic method.

    Additionally, in January 2023, I have done an interview with the platform named Faculti located in London, United Kingdom, where I have discussed upon their request my published paper in 2018 with Taylor and Francis and which is: “The Paradigm of Complex Probability and Ludwig Boltzmann's Entropy”. It lasts about 20 minutes. So, you can surely log in the website of Faculti and watch it for free.

    Likewise, my pioneering paradigm was the subject of 25 international journals papers and books chapters published since 2010 till 2023 like with Taylor and Francis and with IntechOpen, London, United Kingdom.

    To conclude, as I have mentioned in many previous books and publications, I repeat and say that due to its universality mathematics is the most positive and certain branch of science. Surely, the pleasure of working and doing mathematics and science is everlasting. I hope that the reader will benefit from both and share the pleasure of examining the present manuscript. Finally, I restate also my words to affirm that the combination of both mathematics and science in general leads to “magical” and amazing results and models and philosophical paradigms, and the following work is an illustration of this approach.

  • Modern Advances in Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences. The contributions by the authors include photosynthesis, oxygen content, K-T boundary, volcanism, Alpha radioactivity, Contaminated environmental materials, Surface ozone, effect of ozone on plants, long-term ozone monitoring, summer heat waves, peak ozone concentrations, monitoring the ozone, spatial and temporal ozone variability, above ground biomass, below ground biomass, carbon sinks, green house gases, soil organic carbon, agro-ecosystems, biodiversity, climate change, weed communities, , land management, wastewater treatment, membrane bio-reactor, solidification. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences.

  • Contemporary Research in Business, Management and Economics Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of business, management and economics. The contributions by the authors include entrepreneurship, design thinking, technological innovation, vocational education an training, financial instability, macroeconomic environment, microfinance, financial performance and sustainability, human-organizational-technological-environmental dimensions, accounting information systems, competitiveness, financial statement preparation, youth enterprise support programme, business assistance fund, managerial structure, organisational readiness, retail investments, decision-making styles, botswana, shopping experiences, waste management, attitude of homemakers, biodegradable wastes, solid waste management, reverse logistics, environmental damage, interpretive structural modeling, waste management practices, policymaking and technological advancements, urban ecosystem, smart city paradigm, technological entrepreneurship ecosystem, demonetisation, bank stock, currency market and economy, corruption, financial analytics, hierarchical inter-relationships, improve buisness performance, tapping technologies, social media, marketing tool, heritage tourism, word of mouth marketing, population growth and decay, mathematical modeling, malhusian model, logistic function. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the field of business, management and economics.

  • New Visions in Biological Science Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of Biological Science. The contributions by the authors include arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi diversity, water uptake, nutrient management, mycorrhizosphere and phytostabilization, albino corydoras, bronze corydoras, horizontal penetrometer, penetration resistance, soil compaction, soil mapping, Palm kernel oil, Alpha-linoleic is an omega-3 fatty acid, skin irritations, mycosis, food preservative, Weight relationship, allometery, constant of proportionality, microbial identification, Phyto sterols and column chromatography, preparative TLC, anti-bacterial activity, antimicrobial activity, mesenchymal stromal cells, immunomodulatory properties, phytochemicals, organochlorine and organophosphate compounds, insecticides, body condition score, milk yield, peak milk yield, persistence milk components. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Biological Science.

  • Comprehensive Guide for Early Clinical Exposure

    “Don't judge each day by the harvest you reap but by the seeds that you plant.” Belaboring this adage to education, the famous quote of Robert Louis Stevenson, the importance of “meticulous formative early years” in all spheres of education is intensely underscored. The intent of this editorial is to lay before the readers an intriguing concept of “Early Clinical Education” which calls for a shift in philosophy from “pedagogy” to “andragogy''.

     The past: A throwback on medical education worldwide brings out urgency of ushering in amendments at this hour. It all started in the mid-19th century when medical education was in shambles in the USA owing to the burgeoning “Proprietary Medical Colleges” that lacked disciplined teaching protocols and were busy churning out “doctors” (if we can name them so) of far too low competence. A revolution to curtail this deleterious trend in medical education arose in the 20th century and soon led to the establishment of what we may call a “Hopkins Circle.” Among the selected few reformers in this circle was a nonmedical educationist recruit, Abraham Flexner, who was entrusted with the onerous task of surveying colleges across length and breadth of the USA and Canada and suggesting reforms to improve the status of medical education. The result was the release of the famous “Flexner Report” also called “the Carnegie Foundation Bulletin Number Four” in 1910. Aside from other guidelines, the report laid down the foundation of what we are still implementing today (a century later) - “the pedagogic pattern of training in medical schools.” The distinctive feature of this report is the two years exclusive training on basic sciences (preclinical) followed by 2 years of clinical (patient) exposure. Clearly, the preclinical or the basic training has been siloed from the clinical training in this traditional format. This pattern was needed at that time, and much good came by implementing the same.

    The Present: Today, however, we are experiencing tectonic changes in medical knowledge, technology, and practice. Changes to the clinical environment, the expectation of patients, the accountability to stakeholders, and the understanding of learning and its theoretical basis demand new, effective approaches to the learning, and the preparation of learners to be fit for purpose. Responding to these changes within and outside of medicine mandates introspection to the existing lacunae in medical education and refurbishing the system to align with the shifting times. It can be rightly said that medical education is at “crossroads” and the time is right to adjust our sails!

     One vista to turn winds to our favor is by introducing early clinical exposure (ECE)/experience, henceforward referred to as ECE. Nearly, after a century of Flexner's landmark study, “The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching” undertook another study wherein they followed Flexner's footsteps by visiting the medical schools in the USA and Canada. Subsequently, a program titled “A Summary of Educating Physicians,” by “Molly Cooke, David M. Irby, and Bridget C. O'Brien” recommended following guidelines:

    At every level, the approaches to teaching must emphasize that “competence means     minimal standard” of level of performance that all aspiring physicians must attain.

    The report called for “high intensity of integrated knowledge and skill in early patient experience,” i.e. vertical integration of “practical experiences” into early traditional theory years.

    Following this, the “Report by Lancet Commission in 2010” and by the “Howard Hughes Medical Institute” also emphasized on competence-based education which have been published subsequently At this juncture, emphasis need to be given upon the vision 2015 by Medical Council of India with its recommendation on several facets of medical education including ECE/experience in India albeit with a slight adaptation to our setup!

    This ECE will create an opportunity for students to correlate learning in Phase I subjects with their clinical application. This can improve student’s motivation to learn and improve retention. This short booklet covers important topics from physiology, based on the guidelines adopted from GMER 2019. Topics are selected that will help students recognize the relevance of basic sciences in diagnosis, patient care and treatment which in turn will provide a context that enhances basic science learning. Students get to relate the experience of patients and derive motivation to learn from them; recognize attitude, ethics and professionalism as integral to the doctor-patient relationship; and understand the socio-cultural context of diseases through the study of humanities.

    Advantages of present work: This short book will act as a guide for facilitators to conduct ECE sessions for physiology based on which other subject modules for ECE can be designed. Students can be exposed to clinical experiences in a variety of forms and settings which are outlined in this book. This will help them to recognize the relevance of basic sciences in diagnosis, patient care and treatment. This book provides a guideline, suggested topics and patterns for early clinical exposure sessions for phase I MBBS. The work includes ideal setting, overall goal, learning objectives/expected competency, learning experience plan, implementation, challenges and solution, checklist for facilitators, and ideal method of assessment.

  • New Innovations in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of Chemistry and Biochemistry. The contributions by the authors include organic matter, bacteria, activated sludge, trickling filters, immobilization, aeration, electromagnetic shielding, nano composites, electromagnetic Interference, periodic banding, Prussian blue analogues, reaction-diffusion system, precipitation bands, electrochemical reactions, succinate ion, octacalcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, transformation, Scherrer’s  equation, fetal bovine serum, quiescent  JB6 cells, biosynthesis, hierarchical carbon, oxidising agent, honeycomb-like structures, gas adsorption, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, fibroblasts, hyperosmolar or pro-inflammatory cell stress, molecular explanation, fibrotic matrix, cuticular wax, esterification, fruit development and ripening, Palladium (II) complex compounds, carbon monoxide, spectral chemistry of the surface complexes, ion substitution. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Chemistry and Biochemistry.

  • Selected Nigerian Foods and Vegetables and Their Health Benefits

    One can observe a harmonious dance between culture, nature, and nourishment in the fragrant kitchens of Nigeria, where culinary traditions have been passed down through the generations. The rich history of the relationship between food and tradition, health, and identity is exemplified by the diversity of Nigerian cuisine. This book delves into that fascinating world with a focus on the traditional foods and vegetables that have been essential to Nigerian culture for centuries. These ingredients are critical to a healthier future and serve as a bridge to the past, not just food. You will go on a flavourful journey and discover the rich tapestry of native Nigerian vegetables in the following pages. Every vegetable has a distinct backstory, from the well-known Egusi to the delicate Ewedu. These priceless pieces highlight the wide range of cultures within this enormous country. Nigerian cuisine is more than just satisfying the senses—it's about nourishing the body and the soul. We explore the nutritional depths that have frequently remained undiscovered via the prism of these native foods. By tying together conventional knowledge and cutting-edge nutritional science, this book seeks to highlight these little-known but potent gems. You will find value here regardless of whether you are an avid cook, a curious food lover, or a nutrition expert. It is a request to enjoy the tastes, value the culture, and—above all—accept the opportunity for improvement.

  • Current Aspects in Pharmaceutical Research and Development Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of Pharmaceutical Research and Development. The contributions by the authors include nanotechnology, nanomedicine, nanostructured lipid carriers, drug delivery, retinal pigment epithelium, pharmacotherapeutic approach, foetal health, Oncology, biotechnological advancements, therapy, urinogenital infection, therapeutic potentials, chemotherapy, sexual dysfunction, oncology, peripheral neuropathy, pharmacology, Arthocarpus altilis starch, disintegration efficiency ratio, Fourier Transform Infra-Red, Higuchi kinetic model, antioxidant property, column chromatography, Secondary metabolites, callus culture, cell suspension culture, medicinal plants, metabolic engineering, bioactive compounds, indole alkaloids, nanocochleates, tropical drug delivery, hepatic markers, acute toxicity, hepatotoxicity, adverse drug reactions, conventional NSAIDs, COX-2 inhibitors, gastric toxicity. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Pharmaceutical Research and Development.

  • Electrical Properties of ZnO Thin Film Transistors

    In the exploration of “Electrical Properties of ZnO Thin Film Transistors” this book delves into the intricate world of Physics of ZnO based thin film transistor with different gate dielectrics. Through a comprehensive analysis, this book aims to unravel the different fabrication process of ZnO based TFTs and investigation of their electrical properties offering a valuable resource for the researchers and enthusiastic seeking a deeper understanding of the ZnO as an active material in thin film transistor technology. With a blend of theoretical insight and experimental considerations, this book will serve as a guide book for young researchers and students eager to do scientific investigation on the different semiconductor materials and TFT technology.

  • Challenges and Advances in Chemical Science Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of Chemical Science. The contributions by the authors include microorganism, monosaccharides, microbial bioconversion, Biochemical  methods, Biogas, dry reforming, catalyst deactivation, anti-coking activity, Michael addition, Inhibitor of GABA, organic chemistry, calcium release, chiral organic catalysts, nano encapsulation, polycaprolactone, antifungal studies, Salinization, degradation, organic matter, air pollution, PM Aerosols, road traffic, FTiR-ATR spectroscopy, Agx/TiO  nanostructures, reusable photocatalytic materials, pollutant degradation, surface oxidation, anatase phase, rutile phase, Phosphate glass, leaching, glass fertilizers, glass formers and modifiers, ionic potential, limiting equivalent conductance, Shedlovsky equations, Walden products, thermodynamic parameters, Oscillator strength, Bonding parameters, energy parameters, antimicrobial activity, synthetic drugs, bioactive natural products, agrochemicals. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Chemical Science.

  • Current Perspective to Physical Science Research Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of physical science. The contributions by the authors include quark deconfinement phase transition, relativistic mean-field theory, relativistic mean-field theory, maxwell scenario, compact muon solenoid, magnetic field map creation, magnetic flux distribution, large hadron collider, computing efficiency, track extrapolation algorithms, dilute magnetic semiconductor, X-ray diffraction analysis, optoelectronic material, dielectric properties, N-vinyl carbazolem, frequency-dependent dielectric breakdown, patanjali yog sutra, truth and untruth, truth and untruth, physical laws, stagger-period sequences, radar transmission, Fourier transform pair, mittag-leffler functions, fractional oscillator, arbitrary order calculation, integerization principle, duffing-helmholtz oscillator equation, nonlinear schrodinger equation, galerkin method, klein-gordon equation. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the field of physical science.

  • Recent Progress in Plant and Soil Research Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of Plant and Soil Research. The contributions by the authors include invasive plants, Water hyacinth, aquatic plant, prilled Urea, urea supergranule, NPKS Briquette, nitrogen use efficiency, grain yield, antihyperglycemic effects, flavonoids, histo architecture, phytochemicals, therapeutic tool, bioactivitie compounds, ethnobotanical studies, Iranian medicinal and aromatic plants, trace elements, heavy metals, anthropogenic effects, embankment, complex geotechnical structures, hydraulic pressure, agarose gel electrophoresis, MAS, plant genomic DNA isolation, purification. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Plant and Soil Research.

  • Recent Research Advances in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of arts and social studies. The contributions by the authors include concept of love, Plato's and Mozi's philosophy, universal love, familial relationships, political employment, libertarianism, cultural malfunction, conservative culture, aristotelian ‘s ideas, foreign capital, moral geography, night-time economy, pre-capitalist practices, quality of performance, shift work, sleep disruption and maladaptation, ergonomic injuries, social and sociological thought, autonomy, history of armenia, social stratification, Ruskin's treatises, honesty in architecture, architecture's death, architectural deceit, sanitation in semi-urban and urban areas, water pollution, sewage treatment system, access to drinking water, human consciousness, artificial consciousness, artificial general intelligence, brain plasticity, musical connotation, Tchaikovsky's symphony, sixth symphony pathetique, liaozhai imitation, civil war tragedies, blurring distinctions, fashionable literary. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the field of arts and social studies.

  • Emerging Trends in Disease and Health Research Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of Disease and Health Research. The contributions by the authors include diabetes complications, energy production, equilibrated blood, microcirculation, total cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins, flow-mediated dilatation, intima-media thickness, : Hand hygiene, cross infection, nutritional assessment, body mass index, nutrition education, pneumonia, lower respiratory tract infection, thrombocytosis, urological cancers, tumour characteristics, synchronized sleep phase, rapid eye moment phase, obstructive sleep apnea, diabetes mellitus, immunoglobulin, breastfeeding, Farm and garden plants, traditional healers, traditional medicines, landscape bionomics, contagion dynamics, cancer incidence, macro-scale biologic processes, Domestic violence, intimate partner violence, socio-cultural factors, patriarchal societies, Trace elements, toxic elements., environmental exposure. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Disease and Health Research.

  • The Paradigm of Complex Probability and Quantum Mechanics

    This book is titled “The Paradigm of Complex Probability and Quantum Mechanics”. It includes a creative work that illustrates my novel and original “Complex Probability Paradigm”, or CPP for short, when applied to four famous problems in Quantum Mechanics which are: The Infinite Potential Well Problem, The Quantum Harmonic Oscillator with Gaussian Initial Condition, The Heisenberg’s Quantum Uncertainty Principle, and The Quantum Entropic Uncertainty Principle. Consequently, six chapters were written for this purpose where the paradigm was implemented to the position wavefunction of the Infinite Potential Well Problem first, to the momentum wavefunction and to the wavefunction entropies of the Infinite Potential Well Problem second, to the position wavefunction of the Quantum Harmonic Oscillator with Gaussian Initial Condition third, to the momentum wavefunction and to the wavefunction entropies of the Quantum Harmonic Oscillator with Gaussian Initial Condition fourth, to Heisenberg’s Quantum Uncertainty Principle fifth, and to the Quantum Entropic Uncertainty Principle sixth.

    In fact, my background is a Ph.D. in Computer Science, a Ph.D. in Applied Mathematics, and a Ph.D. in Applied Probability and Statistics, so I combined my knowledge in Probability Theory with Applied Mathematics and I wrote this book and this mathematical and physical and philosophical model and paradigm. Actually, as it is well-known, that the theorems and the theories of Quantum Mechanics are the work of eminent mathematicians and physicists like the legends Albert Einstein, Niels Bohr who was the founder and the head of the Copenhagen research group and institute at the beginning of the twentieth century, Max Planck, Erwin Schrödinger, Werner Heisenberg, Max Born, Paul Dirac, Louis de Broglie, David Bohm, John Stewart Bell, Emmy Noether, etc.

    Thus, we must pay tribute to those magnificent giants of science and sometimes of philosophy who contributed to enrich our knowledge of mathematics and physics and the universe and increased our understanding of all-natural phenomena and of existence.

    Moreover, to introduce and to summarize this new paradigm to the reader we state that: the great Russian mathematician Andrey Nikolaevich Kolmogorov put forward in 1933 the five fundamental axioms of classical probability theory. The original idea in my complex probability paradigm is to add new imaginary dimensions to the experiment real dimensions that occur in the “real” laboratory which will make the work in the complex probability set C totally predictable and with a probability permanently equal to one. Therefore, adding to the real set of probabilities R the contributions of the imaginary set of probabilities M will make the event in C = R + M absolutely deterministic. It is of great importance that stochastic systems become totally predictable since we will be perfectly knowledgeable to foretell the outcome of all random events that occur in nature. Consequently, by calculating the parameters of the new prognostic model, we will be able to determine the magnitude of the chaotic factor, the degree of our knowledge, the real and imaginary and complex probabilities in the probability sets R and M and C and which are all subject to chaos and random effects. Accordingly, by subtracting the chaotic factor from the degree of our knowledge of the stochastic system, we evaluate the probability of any random phenomenon, like in Quantum Mechanics, in C. Therefore, since this extension was found to be successful and fruitful, then a novel paradigm of stochastic sciences and prognostic and mathematics and science in general was set forth in which all stochastic phenomena in R was expressed entirely deterministically in C = R + M. This is what I coined by the terms “The Complex Probability Paradigm”.

    Additionally, my pioneering paradigm was the subject of 25 international journals papers and books chapters published since 2010 till 2023 like with Taylor and Francis and with IntechOpen, London, United Kingdom.

    Furthermore, the book uses hence algorithms to simulate my applied paradigm to random phenomena encountered in Quantum Mechanics. They were executed on my workstation computer system to acquire a suitable speed and efficiency needed for this numerical and stochastic method and I wrote them using the well-known software which is MATLAB version 2023.

    Likewise, in January 2023, I have done an interview with the platform named Faculti located in London, United Kingdom, where I have discussed upon their request my published paper in 2018 with Taylor and Francis and which is: “The Paradigm of Complex Probability and Ludwig Boltzmann's Entropy”. It lasts about 20 minutes. So, you can surely log in the website of Faculti and watch it for free.

    To conclude, as I have mentioned in many previous books and publications, I repeat and say that due to its universality mathematics is the most positive and certain branch of science. Surely, the pleasure of working and doing mathematics and physics is everlasting. I hope that the reader will benefit from both and share the pleasure of examining the present manuscript. Finally, I restate also my words to affirm that the combination of both mathematics and physics and science in general leads to “magical” and amazing results and models and philosophical paradigms, and the following work is an illustration of this approach.

  • Research Issues on Datamining

    WHAT IS DATAMINING?

    Data mining is predicted to be “one of the most revolutionary developments of the next decade,” according to the online technology magazine ZDNET News (February 8, 2001). In fact, the MIT Technology Review chose data mining as one of the ten emerging technologies that will change the world. According to the Gartner Group, “Data mining is the process of discovering meaningful new correlations, patterns and trends by sifting through large amounts of data stored in repositories, using pattern recognition technologies as well as statistical and mathematical techniques.”

      WHY IS THIS BOOK NEEDED

     The problem is that not enough trained human analysts are available who are skilled at translating all of the data into knowledge, and thence up the taxonomy tree into wisdom. This is why this book is needed; it provides readers with:

    • Models and techniques to uncover hidden nuggets of information in Intrusion Detection, Big Data, Models of Text Classification in Text Mining, Clustering and Predictive Data Mining Techniques.
    • Insight into how data mining algorithms work to solve the research problems
    • The experience of actually performing data mining on in various research issues

    In Discovering Knowledge in Data, the step-by-step hands-on solutions of real-world business problems using widely available data mining techniques applied to real-world data sets will appeal to managers, CIOs, CEOs, CFOs, and others who need to keep abreast of the latest methods for enhancing return on investment.

    HOW THE BOOK IS STRUCTURED

     “Research Issues on Data Mining” provides a comprehensive introduction to the field of Intrusion Detection in the area of Data Mining, Neural Networks and Expert Systems.  The first three chapters introduce the techniques of attempting to discover instances of network attacks by comparing current behaviour to the expected actions of an intruder is known as misuse detection. Artificial neural networks have the ability to detect and classify network activity using data that is limited, incomplete, and nonlinear. Each chapter presents data mining methods and techniques for a specific data mining task.

    Chapters 4, 5, 6 and 7 are related to the classification of Models of Text Mining  discuss feature selection methodologies in text classification and review some effective methods for text classification and how performance can be increased(Chapter 4), Hierarchical Document Classification by conceptual and semantic similarities devise a hierarchical document categorization by conceptual and semantic relevance. The conceptual relevance is verified by concept labelling approach that devised in our earlier research article. Semantic relevance is explored by estimating the correlation between concept categories based on the activity labelling  algorithms, experimental results (Chapter 5), Current Trends in Datamining Techniques in this chapter discuss the recent techniques in data mining (6) Document Classification by Order of Context, Concept and Semantic Relations:( OCCSR) model is classifying the documents in three levels and they are by context, by concept and semantic. The document context is defined through the document meta-data, the concept is defined by the order of features and semantic relations are assessed through the correlation off the activities observed in documents, algorithms and Experimental Results. (7) Cloud Analytics and Big Data Computing explores survey approaches, environments, and technologies on areas that are key to Big Data analytics capabilities and discuss how they help building analytics solutions for Clouds (8) Clustering Techniques in Data Mining: A Comparative Analysis Investigate the clustering task comparisons with clustering analysis are mainly that different Clustering techniques give substantially different results on the same data. (Chapter 9) and Expert System for Intrusion Detection and Its   Applications: A Brief Overview (Chapter 10) explains the different intrusion detection systems with Artificial Intelligence and Expert systems. Finally, Chapter 11 covers various predictive data-mining techniques used to accomplish the goals and the methods of comparing the performance of each of the techniques.

  • Advancement and New Understanding in Medical Science Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of medical science. The contributions by the authors include chemotherapy, cancer treatment, yoga, breast cancer, radiation therapy, nausea, child health, eye injury, social conflicts, blindness, land tenure, oral arginine, intestinal fistula, glutamine, arginine, fistula, artificial intelligence, machine learning, man-made brainpower, web-based entertainment, mediastinal metastasis, carcinoma, mediastinum, post-nephrectomy, cardiovascular diseases, ceramide, biomarker, hypertension, cardiomyopathy, antimicrobial resistance, infection, extensively drug-resistancy, chemotherapeutic agents, cancer, pathogens, hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatocarcino-genesis, diagnosis, oesophagus, lymphoma, chronic inflammation, type 2 diabetes, neuroinflammation, DNA damage, alzheimer, lamina terminalis, neuro-anatomical structure, neurovascular relationships, third ventriculostomy, knee osteoarthritis, pain assessment, depressive symptoms,    digital ischemia, medical cannabis therapy, intravenous antibiotic therapy, buerger disease, extracapsular intertrochanteric femur fractures, deep venous thrombosis, physiotherapy.This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the field of medical science.

  • The Eigen Theory of the Physical World, Edition 2

    I am Deepal Benaragama and I live with my wife Lalitha in the county of Kent, England.

    I have a Ph.D. in applied Electromagnetism from the University of Southampton, England. Since leaving the university, I have worked for G.E.C. in the Midlands and C.E.G.B and Nuclear Electric in South East England. I took voluntary severance from Nuclear Electric, my last place of work, in 1993 when the research laboratory moved to a faraway location to which I was not prepared to go for personal reasons.

    Voluntary severance allowed me to work full time in theoretical physics. Until then my work in this subject had been limited to a critical survey of the existing structures of Relativity and Quantum Mechanics, and during that survey, the outline of a complete mathematical theory of the physical world began to appear in my mind. In 1999 I wrote down these emerging ideas in a book I called ‘The Quest for Balance’ (An Extended Theory of Relativity). It was really an attempt to streamline my ideas and I self-published it using my own publishing company Kyral Ltd. It was never intended for sale and I distributed it freely among some of the professional physicists, my friends and colleagues. I received only one response and it was from a distinguished professor of physics who advised me to write a peer-reviewed paper based on my ideas. I am very grateful to him.

    The complete mathematical theory of the physical world this book contains, which I call the Eigen Theory, is the results of my continued efforts over the last two decades. It finally turned out to be an intuitively appealing theory, which calls only for a basic knowledge of relativity and differential geometry.

    After the Introduction, the reader may proceed directly to Chapter 4 in which the theory formally begins.

  • Advanced Concepts in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of pharmaceutical research. The contributions by the authors include hepatoprotective activity, alangium salvifolium wang, silymarin, glandular organ, nanotechnology, nanorobotics, nanomedicine, robotics, acoustic signal, anti-oxidant, c-phycocyanin, dna damage, cyanobacteria, acyclovir, drug delivery systems, croscarmellose sodium, disintegrating acyclovir tablets, orodispersible tablets, tissue culture, saponins, vivo plant, shatavarins, immunomodulant, empagliflozin, linagliptin, glycated haemoglobin, drug profile, stability-indicating hplc method, lansoprazole, zollinger–ellison syndrome, pharmaceutical preparation, plant steroids, ayurvedic rejuvenative tonic, herbal drugs, phytochemistry of plants, heart failure, cardiac metabolism, cardiac contractile function, cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial interstitial fibrosis, efflux pump inhibitor, multi-drug resistant strain, combination therapy, multidrug resistance, reversed-phase liquid chromatographic method, anti-hypertensive agents, management of hypertension, drug matrix, \(\beta\)-blockers. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the field of pharmaceutical research.

  • Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 16

    This book covers key areas of Medicine and Medical Research. The contributions by the authors include insulin-like growth factor-1, microgravity, osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts, glycosuria, diabetes, phytochemicals, metabolism, chronic metabolic disease, anti-diabetic activity, hereditary angioedema, pregnancy, plasma derived human C1 inhibitor, fresh frozen plasma, hereditary angioedema, breast-cancer, reserved prognosis, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, alcohol-related liver disease, inflammation, xenobiotic receptor, autism spectrum disorder, bone metastases, pain flare, palliative radiotherapy, cystoscope, choledochoscope, bile duct stones, bile duct exploration, facial paralysis, nerve regeneration, reanimation, nerve grafting, inorganic phosphate, lamprey liver mitochondria, mitochondrial permeability transition pore, mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Medicine and Medical Research.

  • An Overview on Business, Management and Economics Research Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of business, management and economics. The contributions by the authors include cost-efficiency, loyalty factors, public transportation, rail transport, organizational culture, task control, occupational stress, financial implications, emergency department, digital economy, technology adoption, local development, cultural diversity, social protection policy, electronic word, social shopping, consumer style, public profile, customer  satisfaction, modernizing procurement, electronic methods, users’ perception, customer request, unemployment, employment sustainability, financial security, youth unemployment, economic growth, gross domestic product, foreign direct investment, quality of products, employment, unemployment, scientific technology, training and growth, artificial intelligence, financial resilience, microcredit institutions, vibrant microfinance ecosystem.This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the field of business, management and economics.

  • New Visions in Science and Technology Vol. 11

    This book covers key areas of Science and Technology. The contributions by the authors include phenotypic, characterization, biotechnology, hierarchical cluster analysis, genotypes, phyto-additives, flash flood risk map, harmful, adaptation lives with flash flood, left coronary artery, multi-Layer arterial wall, low density lipoprotein transport, atherosclerosis, software moodle, battery energy storage, micro-wind energy generating system, power quality, cascade failures, controlled separation, power system restoration, multidrug resistant, extended spectrum beta-lactamases, visionary leadership, core ideology, envisioned future, vivid description and metaphor. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Science and Technology.

  • Current Perspectives in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of agriculture and food science. The contributions by the authors include enzymes, bioremediation processes, protease production, thermostable alkaline protease, aroma compounds, headspace solid-phase microextraction, derringer's desirability function, mycotoxin, free fatty acids, ochratoxin a, microbiological quality, hierarchical inter-relationships, fermentation, interpretive structural modeling methodology, iridescence, myodegeneration, meat paleness, Bowman’s discovery, storage stability, colloidal stability, brewers clarex, non-alcoholic beverage, antioxidants, cancer inflammation, phytochemicals, nutritional contents, plant improvement, oilseed crops grown, polygenes, harvest management, post-harvest technologies, horticulture production, postharvest losses, genetic diversity of Chironji, natural ecosystems, cryopreservation, cardio tonic properties. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the field of agriculture and food science.

  • Handbook for OSCE /OSPE Assessment in Obstetrics and Gynecology

    This book is team work of highly experienced academicians in the subject of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the DMIMSU University. In India, Recently the undergraduate and postgraduate medical curriculum is updated as Competency Based Undergraduate Curriculum will be implemented from August 2019 and has more foucs on skill training (competetency based). One of the main aspects of assessment is skill demonstration during practical exams. This book is conceptualised with these changes in curriculum as a guide to practical exams.

  • Recent Developments in Science and Technology for Sustainable Future

    The dynamic intersection of science and technology has always been a driving force in shaping the trajectory of our global society. In the context of our collective responsibility towards a sustainable future, this edited volume, "Recent Developments in Science and Technology for Sustainable Future," emerges as a curated exploration of the latest strides in research and innovation.

    As the sole editor of this compilation, my intent was to assemble a collection that not only reflects the breadth and depth of contemporary advancements but also serves as a comprehensive guide for those navigating the complex landscape of sustainability-focused science and technology.

    The chapters within this book traverse a spectrum of disciplines, ranging from green chemistry and synthetic methods to artificial intelligence, materials science, and beyond. Each contribution encapsulates the essence of recent breakthroughs, offering readers a glimpse into the transformative potential of these developments.

    In assembling this volume, I sought to provide a platform for experts and scholars who are at the forefront of their respective fields. Their insights and research findings not only contribute to the current discourse but also illuminate potential pathways towards a more sustainable and resilient future.

    The challenge of sustainability is multifaceted, demanding a holistic and collaborative approach. The chapters in this book not only present innovative solutions to contemporary issues but also encourage interdisciplinary dialogue, recognizing that the most effective solutions often emerge at the confluence of diverse perspectives.

    I extend my sincere appreciation to the contributors who have generously shared their expertise, enriching the content and depth of this volume. Their dedication to advancing the frontiers of science and technology underscores the collective commitment required to address the pressing challenges facing our planet.

    To the readers, whether researchers, educators, policymakers, or concerned citizens, I hope this compilation serves as a valuable resource, inspiring a deeper understanding of recent developments and fostering a sense of optimism about the transformative potential of science and technology in building a sustainable future.

  • Lapin-Human Immune Simulation Models

    Since five decades ago, when I had been first came across rabbit to be involved with: care management, handling as well as performing immunologic experiments. An intimacy had been evolved between them and me till my present days. They are the beloved preferred animals for research use. In immunologic sense, they are of use in: production of polyclonal antibodies, valid for allo-type studies and their common mucosal immune system are with minor differences with that of man. The present book provides evidences for utility of rabbit as an immune model simulating that of man during infectious and noninfectious diseases. The text contents occurred in six sections, the first includes: general background information, the platform, the second covers the inflammatory response, the third vaccine development, the fourth confined to cryoglobulin response, the fifth contains mucosal immunology and the sixth have efforts on rabbits cytokine. The layout of the book ensemble nine sorts of immune  lapin models .This book is intended to serve students and researchers of immunology.  

  • Theory and Applications of Engineering Research Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of engineering research. The contributions by the authors include partial discharge, electrical insulation, pd inception voltage, rise time waveform, global system for mobile communication, car theft detection, public vehicles security, frequencies identification, light fidelity, wireless networks, healthcare institutes, data communication, extract-load-testing, soft computing, big data clusters, nature inspired techniques, passive house concept, passive house, design and building process, sustainable development, energy management, renewable energy sources, microgrids control, hybrid energy storage, twisted copper cables, feature selective validation, ethernet technology, feature selective validation tool, energy dissipation structures, hydraulic jump, water energy control, channel permeability, fossil fuels, climate change, environmental impact, hydroelectric power, waste materials, natural resources, global warming, degradation in environmental conditions, power transformer reactance, finite element method, power supply, leakage reactance, primary leakage flux. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the field of engineering research.

  • Issues and Development in Health Research Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of Health Research. The contributions by the authors include genital self-mutilation, major self-mutilation, auto-castration, genital lacerations, schizophrenia, gestational carrier, commercialization, altruism, child rights, cerebrovascular accident, Arrhythmias, public health, epidemiology, infectious disease, COVID 19, body mass index, obesity, nutrition knowledge, disease surveillance, medical education, Immediate implant, bone reconstruction, auto graft,  immediate prosthesis, fresh embalmment fluid, macrophages, chronic non-communicable diseases, dyslipidemia, chronic  kidney disease,  diabetes,  glomerular  filtration  rate, nucleotides. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Health Research.

  • Advancement and New Understanding in Medical Science Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of medical science. The contributions by the authors include healthcare professional, spikes protocol, clinical application, care unit patients, st-segment elevation myocardial infarction, hospital performance, time delay, ischaemia, reperfusion therapy, leave against medical advice, discharge against medical advice, motivational interviewing, financial burden, risk and stress, healthcare innovations, low-cost medical devices, medical fraternities, esophageal achalasia, food transit, therapeutic modality, esophageal mucosectomy, physical activity, public health code, practices of physicians, chronic illnesses, psychoanalysis and clinical cognitivism, psychotherapeutic practice, dream, neuroscientific complexity, hydroxychloroquine, malaria treatment, immunosuppressants, cutaneous lupus erythematosus, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, surgical excision, core needle biopsy, breast cancer, malignancy, dental caries, immune-biological substances, anti-caries vaccine, chemicoparasitic, squamous cell carcinoma, tumor cox-2 expression, clinico-pathological characteristics, laryngeal carcinoma, type ii diabetes, complex inheritance interaction, hyperglycemia, prediabetics, artificial intelligence, computer algorithms, computer algorithms, acute kidney injury, prostate cancer, benign and malignant disorders, tumour biomarkers, role of cytokines. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the field of medical science.

  • New Innovations in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of  Chemistry and Biochemistry. The contributions by the authors include toxin-antitoxin systems, nanocrystalline MgO, green chemical synthesis, Cellulose extraction, biomass, rice husk, sugarcane bagasse, Patch-Clamp, chanellomics, scanning ion conductance microscopy, membrane receptors, sol-gel synthesis, adsorption, photo-Fenton degradation, single-cell video-mass spectrometry, international harmonized analytical method, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, centrifugal monolithic silica spin mini-column, Neonicotinoids, insecticides, metal-ligand homeostasis, oxidative/nitrosative stress, Quantum chemical studies, hematology, antioxidant system, gene expression, spermiogenesis, spermatogenesis, metabolism, apoptosis, GO-CuO nanocomposites, cytotoxic activity, drug delivery, Human colon cancer cell. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  Chemistry and Biochemistry.

  • Progress in Language, Literature and Education Research Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of language, literature and education research. The contributions by the authors include online synchronous classes, philosophical perspectives, Covid-19 pandemic, philosophy of deontology, Sandburg’s inspiration, chicago poems, political radicalism, cultural core, linguistic environment, second language acquisition, topographical barriers, L2 learner language, virtual simulation, quality clinical experiences, pedagogical practices, nursing education, teaching german, professional skills, modern learning theories, motivation, school experiences, learning environment, hidden curriculum, social toxins, democratic principles, inequalities, violence, colonial and apartheid policies, exploitation and discrimination, patriarchal social systems, dominated social systems, female characters, reading skills, quality education, reading promotion strategy, literacy bags, free voluntary reading, storytelling, vaxo technique, initial reachability matrix, final reachability matrix, interpretive structural modeling, financial literacy, digital financial services, budget, unified payment interface, ubiquitous learning, computers and wireless networks, cognitive characteristics, information and communication technologies. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the field of language, literature and education research.

  • Novel Perspectives of Engineering Research Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of Engineering Research. The contributions by the authors include Prioritize processes, round robin algorithm, glass fibre reinforced polymer, Non-linear analysis, debonding, steel fibre reinforced concrete, finite element analysis, Combined cooling heating and power system, demand response, schedulable loads, collaborative optimization scheduling, day-ahead optimization, Thermal runaway, lithium-ion batteries, extended volume plus-accelerating rate calorimetry, Alternative fuels, butanol, plastic oil, performance parameters, strategic impact, market share, business units, Flow rate, gas flow equation, hydrocarbon liquid, sizing of pipeline, gas pipeline, Darcy-Weisbach, Photoacoustic, MEMS hotplate, MEMS microphone, Compressive strength, management practice, sandcrete block, water absorption, Respiration monitoring, image analysis, infrared thermography, biomedical systems, thermal images, images processing, Coatings, hardness, Vikkers's method, coefficient of intensity of tension, and crack resistance. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Engineering Research.

  • Emerging Issues in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of environment, geography and earth science. The contributions by the authors include mega-biodiversity hotspot, aquatic ecology, ephemeral, arthropods, solar particle events, energetic electron precipitation, ozone formation, atmospheric impacts, biodegradable solid waste, municipal waste, food microbiology, glucose consumption efficiency, water level chansges, coastal management, climate change, environmental hazards, placer, primary gold deposit, morphoscopic analysis, gold grains, visible illumination, fluorescent minerals, rock color, water sector management, sustainable development, water scarcity, reuse of wastewater, tectonic-eustatic and glacioeustatic factors, hydrospheric events, climatological changes, paleogeographic reconstructions. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the field of environment, geography and earth science.

  • Diabetic Nephropathy: Role of Toll-like Receptors and Notch Pathway

    Diabetes mellitus is a chronic endocrine disease distinguished by hyperglycemia because of deregulations of carbohydrate or lipid metabolism or insulin function. The chronic hyperglycemic condition of the disease is correlated with relatively specific long-lasting microvascular and macrovascular complications. Diabetic kidney disease and diabetic nephropathy are the leading cause of end-stage kidney disease inthe United States and most developed countries. Diabetes accounts for 30% to 50% of the incidentcases of end-stage kidney disease in the United States. Although this represents a significant publichealth concern, it is important to note that only 30% to 40% of patients with diabetes develop diabeticnephropathy. This book has been written with the basic concept ofnew approach of diabeticnephropathymanagements. Over the past decade, a large body of research has focused on diabeticnephropathy ranging from studies in molecular signaling, hemodynamic regulation and pharmaceutical intervention to clinicaloutcomes. It is likely that the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy involves a multifactorial interaction between metabolic andhemodynamic factors. Metabolic factors involve glucose-dependent pathways, such as advanced glycation end-products and theirreceptors. Hemodynamic factors include various vasoactive hormones, such as components of the renin–angiotensin system. Specific inhibitors of the various pathways are now available and these emerging pharmaceutical interventionsmight have potential implications for the prevention and treatment of diabetic nephropathy. The mainstay of therapy remains theachievement of optimal glycemic and blood pressure control in order to slow the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Toll-like receptors are transmembrane proteins that transfer the antigen recognition information from outside to inside of the cell as a factor in the immune reaction. Activation of the innate immune system via TLRs is implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, diabetic nephropathy, and atherosclerosis.TLR2 and/or TLR4 might be a molecular linkbetween inflammation and diabetes mellitus as they promote tubulointerstitialinflammation during diabetic nephropathy. TLR4 has amajor role in renal inflammation and progressive fibrosis in kidney disease, modulating these TLRs could be helpful in preventing complications of diabetes mellitusgiving the keyrole of inflammation in both microvascular and macrovascular complications. Notch signalling is a highly conserved cell–cell communication mechanism that regulates development, tissuehomeostasis, and repair. Within the kidney, Notch has an important function in orchestrating kidney development.Recent studies indicate that Notch plays a key role in establishing proximal epithelial fate during nephronsegmentation as well as the differentiation of principal cells in the renal collecting system. Notch signalling is markedly reduced in the adult kidney; however, increased Notch signalling has been noted in both acute andchronic kidney injuries. Increased glomerular epithelial Notch signalling has been associated with albuminuria andglomerulosclerosis, while tubular epithelial Notch activation caused fibrosis development most likely inducing an improper epithelial repair pathway. Recent studies thereby indicate that Notch is a key regulator of kidneydevelopment, repair, and injury.

  • Adopting Cutting-edge and Pedagogical Teaching-learning Approaches to Facilitate the Teaching and Research Skills

    In the constantly changing field of healthcare, it is extremely important to have a medical education system that is adaptable and innovative. The process of medical education involves more than just transmitting information; it involves fostering empathetic, proficient, and flexible healthcare practitioners who can negotiate the intricacies of a constantly evolving healthcare landscape. This book, titled "Adopting Cutting-edge and Pedagogical Teaching-Learning Approaches to Facilitate the Teaching and Research Skills" explores new approaches that revolutionize the way we teach future medical professionals, combining old wisdom with modern innovations.

    The field of medical education is currently experiencing a significant change in its approach, and educators are being urged to use new and creative methods that are in line with the fast-evolving healthcare environment. This book is a monument to the unwavering dedication of educators, practitioners, and researchers who have devoted themselves to transforming the methods of instruction and knowledge acquisition in the field of medicine. It consolidates a compilation of profound understandings, firsthand encounters, and scientifically proven methods that challenge the limitations of traditional education, providing a glimpse into the forthcoming advancements in medical training.

    In the upcoming chapters, we'll look at a wide range of teaching-learning techniques that not only improve the acquisition of medical knowledge but also promote critical thinking, teamwork, and adaptation. The contributors to this volume discuss their skills and experiences in applying novel methodologies such as simulation-based learning, virtual reality applications, multidisciplinary case studies, and collaborative problem-solving.

    This book is not merely a collection of theories; it is a pragmatic manual for educators who wish to include innovative methods into their teaching repertoire. The resource offers tangible illustrations, case studies, and pragmatic advice to assist educators in effectively managing the complexities and advantages associated with these innovative approaches. Regardless of your level of expertise in education, this book seeks to motivate, educate, and empower you to embrace change and make valuable contributions to the advancement of medical education.

    As we begin this journey of discovery and change, let us keep in mind that the primary objective of medical education is to cultivate empathetic, proficient, and flexible practitioners who can make significant contributions to the health and welfare of individuals and communities. "Innovations in Medical Education" is a significant advancement in achieving this objective, and we anticipate that it will generate fresh concepts, stimulate interest, and cultivate a community of educators dedicated to molding the future of healthcare through revolutionary approaches to teaching and learning.

  • Innovations in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of  Microbiology and Biotechnology. The contributions by the authors include CD4 T-lymphocytes, Propionibacterium acnes, biochemical tests, FAME analysis, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, blue growth, circular economy, microalgae, greenhouse gas emission, environmental protection, aquaculture, Japanese encephalitis Virus, metazoonotic disorder, vaccination, nanotechnology, nanoparticles, UV-Spectrophotometry, Silver Nanoparticles, blood stream infections, biotechnology, gene transfer, tissue culture, plant productivity, pathogenic fungi, antibacterial activity, fish immunity, antiretroviral therapy, antimicrobial susceptibility, Nosocomial infection, opportunistic nosocomial pathogen. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  Microbiology and Biotechnology.

  • Stability-Preserving Stochastic Perturbations

    Most of Economies in the world are affected by many unforeseen problems or pademics. These external forces cause many governments fail to be stable in governing states or countries. This book analyseses how stability can be preserved in these situations. The concepts in this book can be used by Economist, Engineers, Statisticians, Mathematicians. Further it attempts to bring partial solutions for the existing external forces in real life, some sector which can make use of the concepts are Weather Forecasting, Modelling Ecology, modelling Population Dynamics, Physics and Engineering, Economics and Finance, Environmental Science, Medicine and Healthcare, Modelling climate change and can also be used in Applied Engineering studies.

     

    Generally, systems do not start in Equilibrium state. Many systems are affected by external forces. The systems normally Converges to these equilibria over time. This book analysis the behaviour of the system till it gain stability.

     

    Finding out the precise conditions for stailization to occur in a system when external force is applied, and if Stability is preserved then what are the condition? Or if the conditions are not satisfied, what, then is the long – time behaviour of solution?

     

    This Book has emerged as a result of knowing that many systems do not start from equilibram state. There are several External forces which causes instability in the system. The book covers several different angles of External forces which affects the system not to converge, but the system converges over time if the conditions are met. The book specifically analyses the behavour of stochastic Differential Equations (SDE) driven by Brownian Motion.

  • Caribbean Spaces and Assertions of Asymmetric Power: A Critical Review of Property Rights and Investment Protection Clauses in Bilateral International Agreements (BITs) in British Caribbean States

    This book on International Investment Law  (IIL) in the Caribbean context is different from other texts on the subject .Unlike other works on the subject of IIL this book is Caribbean focused and seeks to examine IIL from a Third World perspective. It attempts to determine and assess  the impact of the power asymmetry inherent in North – South interactions which takes place in everyday economic transactions and situate it with the Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT)  framework. Secondly , the book seeks to isolate a particular case and drill into how BITs protect foreign  investments from government overreach. The case at issue is British Caribbean Bank Limited v The Government of Belize where foreign investors were threatened by government action driven not by policy but by politics. The very reason for the existence of BITs is to minimize the political risks of foreign investments from the developed North. Such foreign direct investments (FDI’s) can be good in driving economic growth but the downside is that they increase economic dependency , entrench development paradigms such as tourism investments in Aruba and invariably impact policy and politics in small island developing states (SIDS) in the Caribbean  as the impact of the Chinese Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) attest.

    Where BITs become a challenge to the sovereignty of Caribbean states in terms of setting social and environmental policies and limiting policy space and policy action by legitimately elected governments, they need to be critically reviewed. It is this the book attempts to do. This is an initial step and it is not a perfect launch into BITs in the Caribbean context . It is an attempt at a deep dive.  There is obviously more research to be done yet it is clear too that BITs have evolved and will continue to consider environmental , health and social factors as they continue to be challenged by Third World states. There appears to be a trend away from being exploitative in intent to limiting foreign investors interference in domestic policy as well as providing for host states to assert some level of sovereignty that was lacking in older BITs. There is some hope that this trend continues.

    This book should be looked at as the start of the beginning in critically examining the role of BITs in the Caribbean space . As policy makers from the global South become aware of the potential for serious damage to the domestic social and environmental fabric as a consequence  of unfettered globalization facilitated by the spread of BITs they will seek to reexamine the costs and benefits of these treaties and the structural bias embedded in its settlement mechanism.

  • Research and Applications Towards Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of mathematical and computer science. The contributions by the authors include regression models, Titanic tragedy, field effect; physical law, mathematical modeling, mathematical artifacts, archaeological strata, transient probabilities, matrix calculations, transient probabilities, regular graph, inverse sum indeg index; chromatic number, graph labeling; mean difference graph, statistical mechanics, mathieu functions, pendulum, lagrange approach, cubic–quintic duffing–van der pol equation, melnikov analysis, control of chaos, duffing equation, non-abelian theory, magnetic monopole solutions, Yang-Mills (YM) theory, Einstein-Maxwell equations, longest common subsequence algorithm, pos-tagging, multi-target text summarization, natural language processing, geographic information systems, mathematics education, geographic visualization, public health, real polynomial, roots of polynomials, real zeros. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of mathematical and computer science.

  • New Visions in Biological Science Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of Biological Science. The contributions by the authors include Water quality maintenance, growth performance,  probiotic Rhodo bacter and Rhodo coccus species, Prostate cancer, molecular biomarkers, diagnosis, prognosis, Anchoveta NASC value, anchoveta biomass, stratification method, geostatistical method, total fish abundance, African citrus psyllid, Huanglongbing, psyllid vector, rootstock material, survival, Coastal ecosystem, mangroves conservation,  Anethum graveolens, bioactivity spectrum, phytochemical screening, bioactivity score, cancerogenesis, melanoma hair follicle, H2O2 decomposition, Diplopod, horizontal, kurtosis, Copulation, horizontal, tergite, Centrobolus, conservation, Sphaerotherium,  sexual size dimorphism, species richness, brain ischemia-reperfusion, neuroprotection, and oxidative stress. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Biological Science.

  • Research Advances and Challenges in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of agricultural sciences. The contributions by the authors include biochar, agronomic potential, municipal waste, thermochemical conversion of biomass, cation exchange capacity, pomegranate production, phytochemicals, commercial cultivation, anaerobic fermentation; biogas technology; poultry manure; sustainable agriculture, acetogenesis processes, abiotic and biotic stress, root growth, green crop fractionation, mycelial biomass, mycotoxins, micronuclei, albinism, crossbreeding, entomopathogenic nematodes, horticultural crops, chemical stressors, rhizodeposition, root volatile organic carbons, soil and plant health, root exudation pattern, beta vulgaris, application of vermicomposting, bio fertilizers, soil fertility, agricultural economy, crude protein content, sulphur application, agronomic efficiency, entrepreneurial development, food security, value addition techniques, agronomic performance, exotic varieties of oil palm, crop production, climate change , agricultural growth, technology-delivery-utilization system, farmers-market linkage, improving performance, agricultural technology system, soils characterization, food security, rock phosphate deposition, infertile soils. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of agricultural sciences.

  • Research Trends and Challenges in Physical Science Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of  Physical Science. The contributions by the authors include pulsed plasma polymerization, polyaniline thin film, electrical and optical  properties, plasma reactor, amorphous semiconductors, interband absorption spectrum, Kubo-Greenwood formula, Davis-Mott approximation method, types of optical transitions of electrons, energy width of the mobility gap, Porous NiTi, biomedical implants, devices, sintering process, NiTinol biocompatibility, LRS bianchi-Type-II, scalar-tensor theory, domain walls, kaluza-klein space-time, cosmic time, stiff domain wall, Ionospheric plasma, modeling and forecasting, high-latitude ionosphere, active experiments, optimal vitality, sinergy, biological energy, disturbance, recovery process, vitality equation, biodynamics, Heat of melting and evaporation, Quantum communication networks, Application of Artificial Intelligence, MIMO systems, Terahertz spectra, collision induced absorption, quadrupole interactions, quadrupole, moments of the N2 and CO2. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  Physical Science.

  • Cultural Construction of Mental Illness and Health Seeking Behaviour among Caregivers in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya

    This book was based on a study that was prompted by cultural issues that emerged in the management of patient with mental illness among caregivers in Uasin Gishu county a situation that did not seem real in real life, people were brought to the mental institution at the last minute after several other remedies have been sort. It is on this strength that the study wanted to find out how the mentally ill patient get managed before they are brought to the mental institution. The main assumptions in the study was that mental illness in the study area was a cultural construct.  In this regard the traits linked sociocultural forms that can be linked to hereditary, lifestyle, biopsychosocial and cultural causes thereby being intergrated and welded into an unfolding cultural process.

    The study population were caregivers of patient with mental illness visiting MTRH Mental unit and mental health clinic.  It was assumed that caregivers of people with mental illness hailed from the same ethnic background, given that Uasin Gishu - Eldoret is a cosmopolitan town, caregivers were also coming from the neighbouring counties.

    At the methodology the study used mixed method research design.  It relied on survey method, Focus group discussion, key informants and informal discussions.  Field work was carried out over a period of four consecutive months. Quantitative and qualitative data were screened and cleaned for missing data and outlier and was then analysed.

    This book has been divided into five chapters. The first chapter provides introduction and background to the study.  The chapter comprises of the problem statement, the objectives of the study, Hypothesis, Rationale, and significance in my undertaking this study.  The chapter ends by definition of key terms used in the book.

    The second chapter reviewed literature of works already done and which relate to areas around culture, caregivers and mental illness in general.  Reviewed literature set general parameters within which the study focused on. The chapter also explores theories that were relevant to guide the study.  In this case two theories used were Jean Piaget constructivism theory and Lauver health seeking behavior theory.  The chapter ended by mentioning the summary on the knowledge gap in this study.

    Chapter three discusses data collection methods used in this study.  The chapter starts by describing the study site where the study subjects were found, Research Philosophy, Research Design and Target Population.  The chapter then discusses the reseach methods: the sampling techniques used, the different methods applied during data collection, their limitation and methods used to analyse data and ethical issues considered during the study.

    Chapter four discusses some findings in the study.  The chapter lays ground on detection of univariate and Multivariate outliers, descriptive analysis of study variables, inferential analysis results, results that test for direct effects of cultural construction of mental illness on Health Seeking behavior finally the chapter discusses testing for moderation effects of Contexual factors.

    Chapter five is the summary of the discussion of the ffindings, it reflects on the key objective of the study and arrives at certain conclusions.  It also makes recommendations where necessary on practice and future research.

    This end product came as result of contributions provided by a number of people for practical purposes.  It will be an effort in futility to attempt a complete list given this short space.  The range from my resourse person in the field, to individuals that formed part of my academic, family, as well as social circles.

    Just to mention though posthumous Prof. Joshua Akong’a and Prof Omar Egesah. Prof Joram Kareithi and Dr. Wandere deserve special mention for mentoring me and ensuring that the final act is eventually put together. They tirelessly put in more hours of commitment in order to shape the work. I am profoundly thankful to them for these invaluable services.

    Field work is exciting though it would not have materialized without the support of Chairman IREC, CEO, MTRH, NACOSTI and Nancy (Research assistant) for licensing and allowing data collection to take place.  This acknowledgement will not be complete without recognizing the moral support from OSCAR’s Project Staff then headed by the Late Prof Ayuku and the Late Mr. Allan Kamanda I feel grately indebted.

    Finally, I very much appreciate the unsolicited patience and understanding of my daughters Sally and Magda together my Sis In law Mary Odhiambo my sis Irene Maraga who were my strength in those moments when things seemed not to be moving and when hope seemed to be on the verge of giving up into despair. Lastly the almighty who gave me strength to be able to complete the work.

  • Dermatoglyphics and Orthodontics

    Over the first few decades of the twentieth century fingerprint identification became an important tool in policing and forensic in countries throughout the world. At the same time when this was happening the friction ridge skin of finger and palm was also becoming focus of the scientific research. Dermatoglyphics as a tool in predicting various anomalies in the or of acial region and their association in between various types of malocclusion have been studied done by various researcher. Understanding the Dermatoglyphic in depth and its application in the various field of which of orthodontic and occlusion have been explained in detail in this book. One of the key objectives of this book is to present, how the dermatoglyphics is related to the orthodontic treatment.

  • Advancement and New Understanding in Medical Science Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of medical science. The contributions by the authors include zenker's diverticulum, killian's dehiscence, cricopharyngeus, endoscopic procedure, information and technology, internet uses, evidence-based education, 4G, cervical cancer, secondary metabolite detection, immunization, hela cells, cataract, routine posterior capsulorhexis, primary posterior capsulotomy, anterior vitrectomy, bilateral visual performance, rare congenital anomaly, disrupted embryonic development, ipsilateral seminal vesicle cyst, vas deferens obstruction, excess body weight, obesity, leptin, hyperleptinemia, gastric cancer, carcinogenetic mechanisms, microsatellite instability, tumour repair genes, diabetes, anticancerous agents, chemotherapeutic agent, anti-diabetic medication, hyperglycemia, microcirculation damage, covid-19 , respiratory diseases, breast myoid hamartoma, myoid hamartoma, rare tumour, pseudoangiomatous hyperplasia, foot dimensions, postural balance, obesity, foot length, female sexuality, healthy pregnancy, physiological birth, nutritional exchanges, extravagant sexuality, anticancer drugs, adult emergency, public health policies, non-communicable diseases. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the field of medical science.

  • Current Aspects in Pharmaceutical Research and Development Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of Pharmaceutical Research and Development. The contributions by the authors include  genetic instability, risk assessment, epigenetic alteration, single nucleotide polymorphism, environmental stress, diet, oxidative stress, aging, cardiovascular disease, systemic health care, multi-omics, fish immunity, antimicrobial activity, bioactive compounds, feed conversion, pancytopenia, megaloblastic anaemia, scrub typhus, epigenetic drugs, virtual screening, AutoDock, hydrogen bond, histogram, cluster, histone H3B E6K mutant, DNA methyltransferase, allopathic drug, COVID 19, telemedicine, disintegration time, mouth dissolving film, virgin coconut oil, oxidative enzymes, gluthatione, transepithelial electrical resistance, cell desquamation, heavy metals, detoxification, herbal formula, hyperaccumulator species, human health, medicinal plants, antiviral properties, reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Pharmaceutical Research and Development.

  • Theory and Applications of Engineering Research Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of engineering research. The contributions by the authors include tethered satellite system, parker-murphy theory, pre-sheath modeling, new analytical expressions, membrane distillation, air gap membrane distillation, membrane-based thermal water filtration, feed mass flow rate, milling operation, noise factor, taguchi method, design of experiment, employability, engineering education, professional development activities, use of leaderboards, crude oil, impressed current system, cathodic protection, corrosion rates, iron alloy metal, electric-discharge machining, electrochemical machining, ultrasonic assistance, micro-machining approaches, life cycle analysis, wind technology, renewable energy, sustainable development, supplementary cementitious materials, granulated blast furnace slag, autogenous shrinkage, supplementary cementitious materials, hydration kinetics, power transmission, micro-steam turbine-alternatorm, digital economy, steam generator, modelling of thermal process, heat exchange, thermal isolation, heat exchange, waste heat recovery system, milk processing equipments, heat recovery rate, mass flow rate. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the field of engineering research.

  • Issues and Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of Medicine and Medical Research. The contributions by the authors include Alpha-2-macroglobulin, fibronectin-aggrecan complex, cardiovascular events, cytokines, Post therapeutic surveillance, cell blocks, Ki 67 labelling index, diagnostic accuracy, Acute appendicitis, modified alvarado score, ultrasonography, leukocytosis, dynamic stability, performance, delayed-onset muscle sensation, cryotherapy, senolytic, senescent cells, cell divisions, caesarean section, Robsons criteria, Conjunctival flap, oedema, pterygium surgery, granuloma formation, Hypospadias, megameatus intact prepuce, neurogenic bowel dysfunctions, pelvic floor dyssynergia, evacuation, neurologic impairment, tuberculosis, tobacco smoking, Smoking cessation, Chronic venous disease, cardiac autonomic function tests, Heart rate variability, Erb’ palsy, medial nerve, coronavirus, mental health, depression, Gender differences, health service delivery, Inguinal hernia, chronic groin pain. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Medicine and Medical Research

  • Advanced Research in Biological Science Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of biological science. The contributions by the authors include air sacs system, respiratory diseases, marine ranching, fisheries management, overfishing, pollution, climate change, aquaculture, fisheries and aquaculture, ACTIVIN gene, FSH-induced aromatization, folliculogenesis, avian models, pharmaceutical models, follicle stimulating hormones, keratinocytes, homeostasis, apoptosis, pulsed laser ablation, hydronic degeneration, lead-induced hepatotoxicity, nervous systems, taxonomic significance, foliar anatomy, pharmaceutical ingredients, environmental pollution, biodegradation process, agriculture waste, soil fertility, red blood fragility, whole cottonseed, osmotic fragility, free gossypol content, mastitis, milk production, environmental pathogens, non-haemolytic coagulase-negative staphylococci, phytomedicine, traditional medicine practices, home remedies, herbal medicine practice, habitat structuring patterns, aquatic ecology, ichthyofaunal community, nucleolar organizer region, amphibians, heteromorphism, phylogenetic relationship. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of biological science.

  • Issues and Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of Medicine and Medical Research. The contributions by the authors include inguinal hernia, cancer, caesarean scar ectopic pregnancy, laparoscopic surgery, uterine artery embolization, thermotherapy, diathermy, IgG antibody, SARS-COV2, androgenic alopecia, Secondary hair correction, FUT strip harvesting, graft survival rate, orbital disorders, orbital, tumors, trauma, inflammations, postdural puncture headache, post-spinal headache, noninvasive treatment for PDPH, neuraxial complications, mesenchymal stem cells, osteoarthritis, integrated mitochondrial function, oxidative phosphorylation, cancer-related fatigue, radiation therapy, prostate cancer, corneal transplantation, penetrating, lamellar keratoplasty, human Immunodeficiency virus, hand osteoarthritis, mesenchymal stem cell, radiologic progression, baker cyst, bone marrow oedema, Mesenchymal stem cell, osteoarthritis, subchondral cysts, Achilles Tendon, Rupture, Mesenchymal stem cells, Platelet-rich plasma, rotator cuff tear, stem cell therapy, diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, comorbidity, anti-inflammatory priming, bromelain, dietary supplements, erectile dysfunction, systemic inflammation, otorhinolaryngologists, mucosal contact, polyposis, allergic rhinitis, bronchoscopy, malignant tumor, adenoidal obstruction, nasopharyngeal tonsils, adrenal insufficiency, Addison's disease, adrenal crisis, autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 2. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Medicine and Medical Research

  • Uganda Citizens’ Land Tenure Type Preference and Underpinning Factors

    This book contains findings of a study that was conducted 0n land tenure types in Uganda and their distribution by preference among citizens from the different regions of the country. The most preferred of the five tenure types is freehold that gives the title holder perpetual ownership, access and use of their land. Interesting findings on what factors determine the type of land tenure individual citizens prefer have been exposed in this book. Readers will also get to know which among the many socioeconomic factors of the citizens, influence their preference of a particular tenure type among the five existing. The various unique perceiptions of citizens on the impacts of the different tenure types on their livelihoods and livelihood means. Researchers, policy makers, the academia and all other individuals and stakeholders with interest on issues around land tenure types in Uganda will find this publication very useful.

  • Novel Perspectives of Engineering Research Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of  Engineering Research. The contributions by the authors include marine environment, animal bones, snail shell, corrosion, PID Controller, robotic system, Cloud computing, virtualization, resource management, live virtual machine migration, surface engineering, web mining, clustering, least common subsequence technique, compact heat exchanger, flat finned tube, efficiency end effectiveness method, nanofluids, Diffraction gain, knife-edge obstacle, Fresnel-zone geometry, Fresnel-Kirchhoff’s diffraction parameter, diffraction loss, obstructing screen, field strength, Shadowing effect LOS distance, cognitive radio, cooperative spectrum sensing, novel frame structure, throughput optimization, optimal sensing settings, geological considerations, dam engineering, Mixed convection, heat transfer, dynamic viscosity, isotherms, finite-difference scheme, Confined spaces, generalized extreme value, hot spots, RF propagation. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  Engineering Research.

  • Contemporary Perspective on Science, Technology and Research Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of science, technology and research. The contributions by the authors include fluid flow interaction, renewable energy sources, wind energy, flow control model, weibull wind distribution, modulated radiotherapy treatment, genetic algorithms, lung cancer, automatic lung disease detection, mechatronics engineering, computer numerical control, laser-based manufacturing, laser beams, digitization, AI powered chatbots, personal health companions, virtual medical assistant, e-government, organizational innovation processes, smart government, information technology, thermodynamics, biological fluids, electrolyte solvents, bioanalytical techniques, planar chromatography, biochemical process, metabolites, alternative energy, artificial intelligence, cost economies, Rumsfeld Matrix, ozone profile retrieval algorithm, photolytic reactions, space-borne spectrometer, SCIAMACHY level-1 product. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the field of science, technology and research.

  • Reshaping Sustainable Development Goals Implementation in the World: Proceeding of 7th International Conference on Business and Management Dynamics

    This book discusses about Reshaping Sustainable Development Goals Implementation in the World. The contributions by the authors include administrative leadership, national development plan, sustainable development goals, socio-economic transformation, capacity development, talent management, employee retention, job satisfaction, environmental dimension, pandemic-oriented rapid response system, cash management, working capital management, small and medium enterprises, mobile fitness application, big data analytics, economic development, business management, female entrepreneurship, personality traits, KOF Globalisation Index. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians.

  • Research Advances and Challenges in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of agricultural sciences. The contributions by the authors include milk production, animal health, smallholder farmers, infectious diseases, crop preservative, human nutrition, grain deterioration, on-field fungal infestation, organic fertilizers, dolomitic limestone, soil structure and consistency, dolomitic limestone levels, biomolecular contents of foods, dietetic choices and habits, synthetic antioxidants, plant metabolism, nitrogen fertilizer, plant density, weed control, pasture management, export-oriented crops, spice production, cost of cultivation, farm income, vertic cambisol, soil profiles, micromorphological features, poultry commodities, animal protein sources, food safety, natural growth promoter, feed additive, discriminant analysis techniques, soil erosion control, soil macronutrients, crop management practices, mycotoxin, filamentous fungi strains, antifungal activity, chocolate production, post-harvest cocoa processing. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the field of agricultural sciences.

  • Issues and Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of Medicine and Medical Research. The contributions by the authors include kinetic model, oxidative stress, para-labral cysts, 3D stem cell, osteoarthritis, healing, collagen, acetabular dysplasia, compartment syndrome, fasciotomy, radial head fracture, deep brachial artery, median nerve, superficial brachial artery, sub scapular artery, axillary artery, foramen magnum, electrocardiogram, coronary angiography, acute coronary syndrome, risk stratification, ACS scenario, focal fatty infiltration, target lesions, magnetic resonance, computed tomography, leukemia, pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis, senescence-associated secretory phenotype, senescence-associated growth arrest, pathology, pathogenesis, complete edentulisme, Partial thoracic aortic cross-clamping, Spindle cell squamous carcinoma, Sarcomatous transformation, osteosarcoma, Immunohistochemistry, unani medicine, mammography, chronic disease, diabetes Mellitus, anaemia, aortic valve disease, heart failure. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  Medicine and Medical Research.

  • Association of IL-17A Gene Polymorphism and Its Influence on Serum IL-17A & IL-6 Levels in Diabetes with Chronic Periodontitis Patients

  • Innovations in Science and Technology Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of Science and Technology. The contributions by the authors include organizational knowledge, service concept, service competence, service orientation, job satisfaction, nano particles, nanotechnology, manufacturing performance, purchasing techniques, PV low light performance, solar low light measurement, solar luminous efficacy, homology modeling, permissive site and molecular dimerization, photo-synthesis, photo-initiator, carboxymethyl starch, eco-friendly polymer, silver nanoparticles, green synthesis, nanotechnology, nanomaterials, nano additives, silicon carbide based gas sensors, nanocrystalline silicon carbide film, gas sensivity, conductivity type effect on gas sensivity, infectious diseases. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  Science and Technology.

  • Current Perspective to Physical Science Research Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of physical science. The contributions by the authors include dark energy, dark matter, elementary physical particle, quantum mechanics, cosmological energy, thermal energy, Inverter harmonics, induction motors, speed drives, electrical circuit analysis, complex waveform, molecularly imprinted polymers, over-oxidized polypyrrole, square wave voltammetry, neurotransmitter, neurological diseases, schizophrenia, paralysis rehabilitation, gaming therapy, robot-assisted rehabilitation, virtual reality therapy, artificial intelligence, genetic variation, high-energy physics, topological crystalline insulator, band inversion, heat capacity, microhardness, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, hall coefficient, charge carrier mobility, photophoresis, thermal stress, Knudsen number, power factor, Seebeck coefficient, thermoelectric, universal electrical conductivity, non-centrosymmetric organic material, Kurtz-Perry method, conjugated electrons, organic molecules, thermal performance, heating-ventilation-air conditioning systems, pipe heat exchanger, energy recovery. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of physical science.

  • Issues and Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of Medicine and Medical Research. The contributions by the authors include obesity, overweight, non-communicable diseases, obesity paradox, heart rate variability, chronobiology, stem cell, toxicology, bone marrow transplants, multipotent stem cells, adipose tissue, hydatid cyst, anaphylactic shock, laproscopic surgery, Parkinson disease experimental model, endocannabinoid system, oral rehydration, bone grafting, fixed appliance therapy, orthodontic tooth movement, urinary Schistosomiasis, NCIC FPC filing sequence, juvenile polyp, bleeding per rectum, colonoscopy, orbital cellulitis, endoscopic marsupialization, anterior orbitotomy, cascade stomach, reflux symptoms, dyspepsia, tooth preparations, chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms, chronic myeloid leukemia, primary myelofibrosis, polycythemia vera, elderly patients, chemotherapy, attorney health care. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  Medicine and Medical Research.

  • From Urbanism to Sustainable Urbanism: A New Urban Agenda for Rapidly Urbanizing Africa

    Since joining the academic fraternity in 2008 as a Tutorial Assistant and later transcended to the rank of University Lecturer, I have been involved in teaching a course Module of Urban Systems to university students. In this module, one of the topics covered focuses on urbanism. As a lecturer, I took time to read and comprehend about urbanism. By so doing, I realized that a great number of Africa’s rapidly urbanizing cities were undergoing urbanism as a result of the rapid urbanization. Unfortunately, the noted urbanism in most of Africa’s rapidly urbanizing cities lack qualities of sustainability.

    As revealed from literature, it was evident that the ongoing urbanism in Africa’s rapidly urbanizing cities was characterized by features such as overcrowding, traffic congestion, informal settlements, urban poverty and weak economies among others.

    In light of such features, the key question that sprung up from my side was on how Africa’s rapidly urbanizing cities could transform from the state of urbanism to sustainable urbanism so as to improve the quality of urban life. With this question in mind, I decided to begin a book writing project with the intention of exploring pathways through which Africa’s rapidly urbanizing cities could transform from urbanism to sustainable urbanism and thus offer better urban life.

  • New Innovations in Economics, Business and Management Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of Economics, Business and Management. The contributions by the authors include terrorism, organizational resources, economic growth, growth determinants, co-integration test, unit root test, causality tests, export performance, service quality, employee selection, graphology, hand-writing analysis, talent management strategies, heterogeneity, common correlated effects, econometric model, agricultural credit, online purchasing behavior, customer attitudes, online relationship quality, online purchase intention, customer e-loyalty, technology diffusion, unorganized retail, information and communication technology adoption, time series analysis, model forecasting. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  Economics, Business and Management.

  • Advanced Concepts in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of pharmaceutical research. The contributions by the authors include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, UV spectrophotometric method, cyclodextrins, \(\beta\)CD complexes, siddha medicine, X-ray fluorescence analysis, toxicity study, antimitotic activity, molecular docking method, anticancer drugs, thin-layer chromatography, polyherbal formulation, folklore medicine, DPPH radical scavengering method, heavy metal analysis, fourier transform, nanoemulsions, drug delivery, limpidity test, phase inversion composition, solid lipid nanoparticle, nanostructured lipid carriers, drug delivery, hypoglycaemia, therapeutic efficacy, diabetic neuropathy symptoms, glycogenesis, lipogenesis, protein synthesis, antifungal activity, allopathic medicines, phytomedicines, lipid oxidation, macrophages, density lipoprotein, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, antibacterial potency, anti retroviral drug, drug solubility, solid dispersion technique, homoeopathy, natural resources, natural resources, chronic illnesses. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the field of pharmaceutical research.

  • An Assessment of Extension Approaches for Bacterial Wilt Control with Potato Farmers in Ethiopia

    When it comes to food crop computation for the purpose of human consumption worldwide, the potato is the third most important food crop followed after rice and wheat. The production of potato has been adopted across all cultural and social classes. It provides a source of both food and cash income for over a billion people worldwide, which contributing significantly to smallholder potato growers in terms of food security and cash income.

    Due to high population growth rate across the globe, and specifically in many countries, the land situation for food crop production particularly for expanding potato production has got challenge in terms of land limitation. Therefore, this has got the attention of subject matter scientist in order to re consider other way to invest in improving the productivity of potato through using technologies.

     

    Ethiopia, is a country of 100 million population in east Africa. The production of potato plays key roles as source of both food and cash income for small scale farmers in densely populated highlands of a country. While the impact evaluation studies show the numerous challenges potato farmers face, including a luck of access to improved high yielding quality seed, seed tubers, and soil with a highly intensive of bacterial disease, as well as a lack of knowledge in Agricultural extension support experts and less investment in skill the potato farmers.

     

    The main objective of the book is to understand the three questions experience with potato farmers, and to provide best fit approaches that must be used by extension workers, and potato crop specialist. The three questions are investigated in this this book. How well are farmers aware of bacteria wilt and the treat it poses to potato production, how eager are farmers to participate in collective/community action to prevent bacterial wilt? how can farmers improve their response to the condition should they rely on local knowledge or scientific recommendation.

     

    The author understands that there are already many excellent researches finding exist, dealing with specialized theory of approach in tackling of bacterial wilt through community collective approach, and regarded as guidance intended purely for government, Academician, and non-government organization who are working on community approach of potato production improvement scheme, and tackling of potato bacterial wilt through community participation.

     

    Furthermore, the focused of the book is how to tackle the bacterial wilt problem in potato production through collective community approach management. Hence the emphases have been made on the investigating farmers understanding of bacterial wilt (BW), knowing farmers willing to engage in collective action and to develop best-fit technical information channels for acquiring and disseminating knowledge on bacterial will management.

     

    The book is intended as a literature review, and further more to streamline reading by a scientific audience, citation is included. I have written up this book in a modest research methodology approaches but not an absolute way, because I know no other single method of research method will seem absolute or convincing. I hope this book also help thesis advisers (with knowledge of range of master’s project in the subject matter) to expend and systematize their thinking and guidance to student who working a master research study.

  • Foundationless Economy and Prosperity

    The world today is facing political, institutional and economic uncertainties. National economies are currently facing the risk of recession, although national governments are trying to keep the economy moving forward but it seems hopeless. The truth is, when we review the global economic recessions, we all discover that: it is the excessive increase in real demand, or what we commonly call the bubble phenomenon, that is the source of creation "fake" growth, development without a solid "foundation" leading to collapse, recession, and even crisis. It is the recession or crisis that is caused by unsustainable economic growth that erodes the values of welfare and happiness for people in each country and the global population. With comprehensive research, this monograph helps readers reconsider problems and helps state administrators reconsider policies. The core is how to develop a sustainable, stable economy and create the best welfare values for the people.

  • Sociology in Various Contexts

    The present book "Sociology in Various Contexts" tries to observe and analyze different social and age groups in various dimensions. One of the most important and influential groups in any society is the youth who usually stand at the age group 15-29. Such an age group is quite more in developing world as compared with the developed world. They are innovators in any society. The youth participate in any occasion; they learn new knowledge and technology, and try to diffuse them within the existing sphere. However, as in developing world child birth is on increase, better and more efficient planning on youth is essential to be done to meet the the needs of majority of a nation. The phenomenon of population change is pervasive throughout the world in which societies have moved from high fertility and high mortality to low fertility and mortality conditions, leading to more youth and eventually more elderly people. What distinguishes the youth from the current age is the new culture. The speed of change itself has caused youth transformation--leading to the emergence of many intergenerational issues. Changes due to industry and technology, development of electronics and communications, rapid urbanization and many more, have provided challenges and new opportunities for young people. Rapid social change in recent decades has widened the usual generation gap between the young people and the previous generations difficult.

     

    Social work plays a determining part within the youth; especially in the rapid changing world. The intervention of social work reactivates the youth and saves them from passivity. The work profession developed in the 19th century in Europe with some of its roots in voluntary philanthropy. Youth, easily changing into adulthood, their cultural interactions also change accordingly. During this evolution, they receive the social work services to adjust as needed. Therefore, lack of attention towards the youth, and not attending to their needs, leads to the reduction of productivity, underdevelopment and inefficiency within the youth. As a result, social work enables the youth to take responsibility for joint work and the like.

     

    In sociology, child labor is highly discussed. It happens to many developing countries where child birth is high, and at the same time the income of the head of the household is not sufficient to meet the family needs. Child labor is very prevalent in developing countries. The most prevalent in this regard is Asia, where in India the number of children working is over 30 million. In Africa also, child labor is a part of their culture. As the world population is predicted to increase to over 10 billion by the year 2050, the number of children working in developing world will almost increase quite high due to socio-economic mismanagement. Working children, while providing for their daily expenses, to some extent, also help their families financially. However, in societies where chronic poverty prevails, the phenomenon of child labor does not seem unusual. Child labor causes future generations to face unforeseen challenges and problems. One of the immediate consequences of this trend is the frequency of marriage at a young age, which likely repeats the same cycle. Child labor as a public disorder used to appear in the present industrial world in the 19th century more due to high birth, and the existing poverty there. The current child labor in developing world needs to supervise the children concerned not to turn to street children, criminal gangs and the like. However, many South and West Asian countries are in short of health facilities. Therefore, demographic and health measures are necessary to be taken into account in Asia in order to control the child labor.

     

    Throughout history, poverty has been a normal phenomenon for the human beings, and it more is done by a minority which is always criticized as well. Following the Industrial Revolution, many manpower entered jobs that required skills. For such a move, literacy and education highly increased among the citizens, and because of which grounds for class differences gradually diminished. To achieve smart city goal, fair use of resources must be done from all parts of a country. In the process of class gap minimization, wealth being the product of productivity, productivity itself can be developed and expanded. Such a process gradually and sociologically leads to smart city development. As a result of such a process, poverty and class differences could be eliminated. As a witness, Japan is a country wherein smart city goals have been reached/ achieved. Sociologically speaking, the equilibrium of the three elements are necessary to reach a smart city. The three elements of food, water and population must be available for that. Imbalance of it is usually reflected in many developing countries. Population change/ increase that started since 1950, jeopardized the other two variables. Such a phenomenon caused migration, unemployment, density of population in many cities and many more. Overall, high population-growth areas face serious issues of poverty and low adaptability. Shortage of food and water as an effect of population growth, leads to unplanned migration leading to challenges and chaos. The given issue will happen to Africa where 40% of its population is under the age of 15 years. Shortage of food and water pushes many people to industrial countries too, through which socio-economic tranquility is widely affected. To solve such an emerging problem, the developing countries need to project and plan their populations. Only then, can a better quality of life be expected. Likewise, the changing climate must be kept in mind, and food planning be on the agenda accordingly, and if not, more hazards must be expected.

     

    Quality of life all over Asia is not the same. Some are having enough resources, and some are oil rich with high income per capita.

     

    Such resources provide them with adequate quality of life. Some others are those industrializing, obtaining better income ___ leading to higher quality of life for the citizens. There are also some countries which are neither industrializing, nor oil rich. Such countries have to lead life in a low quality of life manner. Though the Asian countries are trying to establish quality of life for all, yet, because of shortage of some infrastructures, some countries remain in poverty. Therefore, some Asian countries continue in minimum quality of life. As new technologies are entering the Asian countries, they expect their quality of life to improve in the same way. However, population and resources need to be harmonized in order to access desired quality of life. According to sociologists, industrialization is known as the main foundation of any development. To access any development in health, hygiene, food industry, housing, employment, better insurance measures, high-quality education, social justice and the like, industrialization has the first say. Industrialization leading to improvements in standard of living, has led to a better chance of survival, and eventually more aging population appears. The result of such a move will positively affect the quality of life of future generations too, and the process will continue. Overall, industrial sociologists need to remind and make contributions in improving the quality of life in various dimensions. Lastly, industrialization affects countries quantitatively and qualitatively because of communications worldwide.

  • Radiographic Assessment of Dental Implants

    Recent advances and improvements in dental radiography provide the dentist with more options to plan and evaluate implants than ever before. Clinicians should apply selection criteria to determine which radiographs will be needed for a particular case, based on the need for diagnostic information and treatment objectives. Periapical, panoramic and CBCT imaging each have their advantages and disadvantages. When appropriately applied, radiographic examination serves as an essential adjunct to a thorough clinical exam. Together, these provide a solid foundation on which to plan and evaluate dental implant therapy.

    This book highlights the advances in radiography provide clinicians with more options than ever before for evaluating patients and planning implant treatment.

  • Current Aspects in Pharmaceutical Research and Development Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of Pharmaceutical Research and Development. The contributions by the authors include subaerial algae, antioxidant, flavonoids, free radicals, superoxide anions, carotenoids, inhibition concentration, column chromatography, Biosynthesis, gold nanoparticles, antimicrobial activity, anticancer activity, adverse drug event, frequency count, FAERS database, medicinal plants, phytochemicals, phytomedicine, phytomass partitioning, primary productivity, nutrient accumulation, organic constituents, drug design, age–related mitosis, thoracic duct lymph, herbal contraceptives, oral male contraceptives, overpopulation, antioxidant activity, peristalsis, solubility enhancement, dissolution rate, fluidized bed processing, drug Administration, diabetes mellitus, liver diseases, hepatotoxicity. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  Pharmaceutical Research and Development.

  • Short Note: Neonatal Emergencies

    A neonatal emergency is a common practice. This book concisely details some neonatal emergency management and approaches to emergency conditions.

    In this book, busy physicians and neonatologists found it easy to approach their patients. Also, it is easy for students to remember essential topics in neonatal diseases.

    This book did not discuss neonatal emergency disease in detail as it’s a short notebook.

  • Biological Treatment of Dyes Using Immobilized Microbes, Toxicity Studies and Analytical Techniques: An Overview

    The effluents produced from dyeing industries are a major threat to sustainable environmental development. Several challenges are observed in the treatment and disposal of complex dyes. The sustainable approaches for bioremediation of xenobiotics, in general, and dyes, in particular, have attracted the attention of researchers due to their safety. However, the biologically treated samples pose problems with its disposal as a result of their huge quantity and possible ecotoxicity. Moreover, the characterization of degraded metabolites of complex dyes is essential to determine its ecotoxicity for safe disposal. This monograph provides an overview of various biological treatment processes of dye effluents and the analytical techniques used to ensure the non-toxic nature of degraded metabolites.

  • Recent Updates in Disease and Health Research Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of disease and health research. The contributions by the authors include inflammatory bowel disease, chronic inflammatory disorder, immune dysregulation, desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma, collagen-rich stroma, solid-cystic tumors, desmoplastic infantile astrocytoma, personal hygiene practices, sustainable development goals, green’s theory, municipal solid waste, psychological distress, COVID-19 pandemic, emotional disorders, kimura's disease, chronic neck lymphadenopathy, regional lymphadenopathy, salivary gland enlargement, cervicofacial swelling, real-world evidence, drug safety assessment, electronic health records, pharmacovigilance, metabolic risk factors, maternal malnutrition, dietary habit, dyslipidaemia, malaria, sickle cell disease, chronic haemolytic anaemia, hyperparasitemia, autoimmune thyroid disorders, vitiligo, melanocyte loss, molecular cloning, biochemical markers, neonatal septicemia, antibiotic sensitivity, vancomycin resistance, aminoglycoside resistance, coronavirus disease, deep learning, respiratory problems,  Brain-gut axis; mental disorders; mitochondrial dysfunction; multivitamins; neurodegeneration; nutritional psychiatry; sirtuin signaling, faecal matter, animal waste, solar radiation, muscle activity and digestion, metabolic processes. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers ,and academicians in the field of disease and health research.

  • Current Research in Language, Literature and Education Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of Language, Literature and Education. The contributions by the authors include information communication and technology, technical and vocational education and training, educational process, academic performance, Information systems, job skills, job readiness, mobile learning technologies, English Foreign language learners, teaching vocabulary, student’s vocabulary master, scientific literacy, teamwork, KEMI capacity building programme, divine-prophetic discourse, stylistic analysis, parallelism, repetition, alliteration, Classical Test Theory, Item Response Theory, Indonesian language teaching, colonization, Corpus linguistics, Data-Driven learning, corpora, concordance. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  Language, Literature and Education.

  • Managing Higher Education and Enterprises in Developing Countries Beyond COVID-19: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Business and Management Dynamics

    Welcome to the illuminating pages of "Managing Higher Education and Business Enterprises in Developing Countries beyond COVID-19: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Business and Management Dynamics." This volume emerges as a testament to the resilience, adaptability, and intellectual                              vigor that define the global response to the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic.

     

    In the wake of unprecedented disruptions caused by the pandemic, this conference has provided a critical platform for scholars, practitioners, and thought leaders to converge, share insights, and deliberate on strategies for managing higher education and business enterprises in the dynamic landscapes of developing countries. The proceedings encapsulate a rich tapestry of discussions, research findings, and innovative solutions across four paramount themes: Business, Entrepreneurship and Economics; Contemporary Issues in Business and Management; Information Management & Technology; and Finance and Management.

    The chapters within this volume traverse the diverse spectrum of challenges and opportunities faced by developing countries in the post-COVID era. From redefining business strategies to fostering entrepreneurship, addressing contemporary management issues, navigating the complexities of information management and technology, to the intricate dynamics of finance and management, the contributors have dissected and examined the multifaceted dimensions of our evolving global landscape.

    As editors, we are privileged to present this compilation as a valuable resource for academicians, researchers, policymakers, and industry professionals alike. The shared experiences, empirical research, and visionary perspectives contained herein are poised to inspire and guide, fostering a deeper understanding of the nuanced interplay between education, business, and the broader socio-economic milieu.

    We extend our gratitude to the authors whose intellectual contributions have enriched these proceedings and, by extension, the discourse surrounding the management of higher education and business enterprises. Additionally, we express appreciation to the conference organizers, sponsors, and participants who have collectively contributed to the success of the 9th International Conference on Business and Management Dynamics.

    In closing, we invite readers to immerse themselves in this compendium, exploring the wealth of knowledge and insights encapsulated within its pages. May this volume serve as a compass, guiding us toward resilient, sustainable, and inclusive futures for higher education and business enterprises in developing countries, transcending the challenges presented by the COVID-19 pandemic.

  • Foundational Mathematics for Tertiary Students

    Aim and Significance of the Book

    Foundational mathematics with applications in R computer software was written to fill the gap between a hitherto traditional mathematics and a quest to have a mathematical text that blends mathematical concepts with software applications. This is the contemporary way. In a fast-growing digital and information technology world, solving mathematical problems with calculators, and sometimes manually, is uninspiring and time-wasting, especially in a big data era. Today, data characteristics are many and huge, requiring practitioners to acquire computer programming skills needed for solving mathematical problems associated with such data. Apart from saving time, it helps to accomplish many tasks at a faster rate thereby creating space for development in other areas of life. In addition, deploying software applications to solving complex integral functions, for example, allows for more accurate results, better than what would have been obtained using other approximation methods. Another advantage of applying software applications to mathematical problem solving is in the area of graphing. Computer software applications provide powerful graphical manoeuvres and features that allow for multiple graphing that provides better visualisation and interpretation.

    To this end, the book offers to ginger the interest of early tertiary students who would have to take mathematical courses as part of their programme structure. Often, such students may not be mainstream mathematics students; hence, their interest is mostly low. Having a book that introduces them to computer applications of mathematical concepts would ordinarily be interesting. By so doing, the reported fear for mathematics would be allayed thereby helping ameliorate the usual failure associated with the subject.

    One significant contribution of this book would be the interest it is expected to generate and the associated implication on teaching of mathematics. It is apparent that the advent of this book would add another dimension to the teaching of mathematics in most tertiary settings, with significant emphasis on computer software application to concepts taught in class. This dimension, hitherto, was non-existing in some tertiary jurisdictions. In a nutshell, it’s expected that foundational mathematics with software applications in R would impart tertiary students quite significantly by whipping up better interest in mathematical practices.

    Key Features of This Book

     The book consists of seven chapters, covering topics in set theory, number systems and inequalities, functions and algebra as well as exponential and logarithmic functions. The rest are differential and integral calculus and differential equations. At the beginning of each chapter, one will find general objectives. These are smart objectives on the particular chapter to help readers assess knowledge acquired after reading through the chapter. There are a total of 127 worked examples and 54 trials, whose answers are

    provided immediately beneath the questions. Apart from the R applications to problems, solutions to examples are systematically arranged so that the ordinary student can follow without assistance.

    Overview of the R Computer Software Environment

     R is an environment that allows the user to interact with the computer using commands and receiving feed backs. It’s a programming language created in New Zealand in 1991 by Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman. It’s very powerful for statistical computing and graphics. The first R version, 1.0.0, was released in the year 2000. Managed by the R Development Core Team, R can be obtained from the Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN) web site, http://cran.r-project.org/.

    Apart from the fact that R is free (which may not be entirely true, because you need internet access to have full knowledge of R), its major advantage is the fact that is a programming language. What this means is that, before one executes a command successfully, then the individual might have a good understanding of what to do and what to expect. Codes or commands are typed after the prompt (>). Note that there are functions needed to execute certain tasks in R, but do not come with standard R installation. They are called “packages”. Packages are also available on the CRAN website. R is case sensitive, and to add comments to command lines, precede comments by the comment operator # and use the navigation keys (\(\longleftarrow\)\(\uparrow\),\(\downarrow\),\(\longrightarrow\)) to navigate through written commands line. Constant practice is required when one wishes to get used to R.

  • Periodontal Microsurgery

    Welcome to the fascinating world of “Periodontal Microsurgery.” This book is a comprehensive exploration of a surgical discipline that has revolutionized the field of periodontology by emphasizing precision, innovation, and minimally invasive techniques. As we delve into the intricacies of periodontal microsurgery, we embark on a journey that not only enhances the practitioner’s skills but also elevates the standard of patient care. 

    Periodontal microsurgery represents a paradigm shift in the approach to treating periodontal diseases. With the advent of magnification and microsurgical instruments, clinicans can now achieve unparalleled precision, resulting in reduced trauma, faster healing, and improved esthetic outcomes.

    The book is meticulously crafted to provide a comprehensive overview of the principles, techniques, and applications of periodontal microsurgery. We explore the historical evolution of microsurgery, the ergonomic considerations, and recent advances in the field of periodontal microsurgery. Through a blend of theroretical discussions, and practical tips, this book serves as a practical guide and reference for the clinicians seeking to master the art of microsurgery.

    As the editors of this compilation, our goal is to inspire a new generation of periodontists to embrace the transformative power of microsurgery. I hope this will be both enlightening and empowering for all those who embark on this educational journey.

  • Occupational Stress, Social Relationships at the Workplace, Psychological Wellbeing and Coping Strategies of Nurses and Midwives: A Study in the Catholic Health Service of the Western Region of Ghana

    This book reproduces most part of my Doctoral Thesis on “Occupational Stress, Social Relationships at the Workplace, Psychological Wellbeing and Coping Strategies of Nurses and Midwives in the Catholic Health Service of the Western Region of Ghana” submitted to Texila American University, Guyana as partial fulfillment for the award of Doctor of Philosophy in Counselling Psychology. Some parts of this book have already been published as research articles in some international journals. There is however the need to bring the entire study into one volume as a book. This informed the decision to publish this book on my doctoral thesis.

    The study investigated occupational stress, social relationships at the workplace, psychological wellbeing and coping strategies of nurses and midwives in the Catholic Health Service of the Western Region of Ghana. The study’s results are interesting and contribute greatly to the literature on occupational stress, social relationships at the workplace, psychological wellbeing and coping strategies among especial healthcare workers. It is the fervent hope of the author that this study will help improve human lives tremendously and help improve the body of knowledge on occupational stress and psychological wellbeing.

  • Banana: Benefits, Cultivation, Post-Harvest and Processed, in Indonesia - 2nd Edition

    This book contains various types of bananas that are popular in Indonesia, and the benefits of banana plants for human life, especially for Indonesian people. This book describes the needs of appropriate agroecological requirements for banana plants. In addition, it also displays banana production centers in Indonesia. Then Authors also explained the technology of banana cultivation, starting from the types of seed propagation and seed propagation techniques, land preparation, timing and planting, plant maintenance, spacing, and maintenance of plant stems. Authors also tell about harvesting methods, and postharvest handling including collecting, sorting, pre-treatment and ripening bananas. This book also describes the monoculture cropping model or intercropping with other crops, as well as presents an economic analysis of banana cultivation, treatment of ripening bananas fruit, and processing of bananas into other forms of food.

    The author hopes to provide a complete picture of the development and handling of the popular banana commodity in Indonesia.

  • Clinical Application of Nerve Intervention in Cerebrovascular Diseases, Edition 2

    This book dealt Clinical Application of Nerve Intervention in Cerebrovascular Diseases. The contributions by the authors include neurointerventional therapy, Cerebrovascular Diseases, treatment process, Clinical Application, operation analysis, CT scan, angiography, subarachnoid haemorrhage. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians

  • Advancement and New Understanding in Medical Science Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of medical science. The contributions by the authors include cysticercosis, tapeworm, blindness, anthelmintic, ectodermal dysplasias, hair abnormalities, nail dystrophy, gene mutation, KRTHB5 gene, scalp biopsy, colloid milium, skin lesions, horn-like papule, electrocautery, postpartum depression, gene expression, postpartum deaths, molecular events, psychological and educational support, frenectomy techniques, aberrant frenum, midline diastema, Z-plasty technique, intracystic papillary carcinoma, myoepithelial cell marker, breast lesions, axillary dissections, genetic alterations, cancer, peripheral neuropathy, systemic anti-cancer therapy, immunotherapy, yoga, numeric rating scale, chronic kidney disease, organochlorine pesticides, diabetes mellitus, tubulo-interstitial nephritis, hexachlorocyclohexane, treadmill walking, physiological cost index, energy expenditure, body mass index, shapiro-wilk test, cardiac arrhythmias, new-onset atrial fibrillation, electrophysiological abnormalities, amiodarone blocks, gallstone disease, sickle cell disease, biliary colic, haemolytic crisis, trousseau's syndrome, embolic stroke of undetermined source, cardiac malformation, disseminated intravascular coagulation, cardiac hydatid cyst, serodiagnostic assays, cardiac arrhythmias, cystic rupture, ventricular arrhythmia, conventional impression techniques, fixed dental prosthesis, digital smile designing, artificial intelligence, gross total resection, hemangiopericytomas, mesenchymal tumor, solitary fibrous tumor, post-operative radiotherapy, immunocytochemistry, squamous cell carcinoma, phosphorylation, oropharyngeal lesions. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers ,and academicians in the field of medical science.

  • Innovations in Science and Technology Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of Science and Technology. The contributions by the authors include digital images, capture sensors, depth data, microsoft Kinect, robot arm, silicon carbide based gas sensors, nanocrystalline silicon carbide film, air effect on electrical resistance, structure effect on air sensivity, multiple-Input Multiple Output, Rician channel, spatial multiplexing, nutritional education, graph labeling, magic labeling, cordial labeling, total magic cordial labeling, total sequential cordial labeling, rainfall trend, simulation, crop yield, wireless sensor network and actor network, Free space propagation model, communication channels, frequency-selective fading, Rayleigh channels, fast wave tubes, electron beam, magnetron injection gun, dispersion relation, machine learning, support vector machine, image processing, attendance calculation system, pharmaceutical industry, digitalization, electrical and electronic equipment, engine index, heavy metals. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  Science and Technology.

  • Living with Floods in Bangladesh’s Riverine Islands: Understanding Vulnerability and Resilience

    Alhamdulillah, all praise be to Almighty Allah, the most gracious and the most merciful, who has blessed us with the opportunity and ability to compile this Monograph.

     

    The Book serves as a monument to the resilience and adaptability of the inhabitants living on the char, which are riverine islands resulting from the accumulation of silt carried by the formidable rivers of Bangladesh. The islands exhibit a notable degree of fertility and resource abundance, although they are also susceptible to many natural calamities like as floods, erosion, and other related events, which are often intensified by the influence of climate change.

     

    This Book endeavors to provide a full comprehension of the intricacies of life on the chars by means of meticulous research, personal anecdotes, and evocative images. This study explores the measures used by communities to mitigate the persistent risk of floods, examines the underlying social dynamics, and investigates the involvement of governmental and non-governmental groups in providing assistance to the inhabitants of affected areas.

     

    The focus of our expedition leads us to the central region of these islands characterized by rivers, where we directly see the challenges and accomplishments experienced by the inhabitants living in this area. Through the act of sharing their narratives, our intention is to make a valuable contribution to the continuous discourse around climate change, vulnerability, and resilience. Ultimately, our aim is to cultivate a sharp comprehension and empathy towards the inhabitants of char areas, so fostering a deeper appreciation for their unique way of life.

     

    As the pages are turned, we extend an invitation to fully engage in the realm of Bangladesh's riverine islands, to acquire knowledge from the perspectives of its residents, and to contemplate the wider consequences of their narratives for our global society. By undertaking this endeavor, our aim is to motivate individuals to take action and make valuable contributions towards the establishment of a future that is both resilience and sustainable for the whole population.

     

    Last but not least, we would like to express our sincere appreciation to our families, friends, and colleagues, whose unwavering support and encouragement have been of immense value during the course of our endeavor. We express our profound gratitude to the funding organizations (Hohai University, China, and The Government of the Peoples’ Republic of China) and publishers that recognized the significance of this research and contributed to its successful completion. The contributions provided by the user have played a crucial role in the realization of this Monograph, and as a result, we express our profound gratitude.

  • Research Aspects in Agriculture and Veterinary Science Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of Agriculture and Veterinary Science. The contributions by the authors include probiotics, feed efficiency, microbial strains, microorganisms, anti-inflammatory activity, analgesic activity, anti-pyretic activity, toxicity profile, fast protein liquid chromatography, enzymatic preparation, mesophilic flora, male infertility, oxidative stress, reproductive disorder, antimicrobial growth promoter, gut bacteria, immune modulation, poultry feed, immune response, haematology, post slaughter calpain system, animal slaughter age, beef ageing, heat stress, blood metabolites. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  Agriculture and Veterinary Science.

  • Analysis of Common Fixed Point Theorems in Diverse Spaces

  • Emerging Challenges in Environment and Earth Science Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of Environment and Earth Science. The contributions by the authors include physicochemical properties, industry effluent, irrigation, water dilution effect, defaecation, enteropathy, schistosomiasis, community-led total sanitation, Bio-sorption, adsorption capacity, removal efficiency, heavy metals, seed yield, stover yield, harvest index, population dynamics, pellet count group, optimal density, micropollution, cationic dyes, biosorption, dairy sludge, earthquake, land uplift, environment change, mangrove diversity, coastal ecosystems, marine waters, climate change, rainfall index, automatic mangrove map and index, eco-tourism, wildlife conservation, illegal hunting, economic development. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  Environment and Earth Science

  • Advancement and New Understanding in Medical Science Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of medical science. The contributions by the authors include coagulopathy-related diffuse bleeding, coagulopathy management, parenchymal bleeding, conventional coagulation assays, CT colonography, rectal cancers, colorectal cancer, Covid-19 pandemic, digital rectal examination, papulosquamous disorder, ayurveda, plaque psoriasis, psoriasis area and severity index, chronic plaque psoriasis, abnormal uterine bleeding, nongravid women, PALM and COEIN groups, hysteroscopic polypectomy, cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerotic CVD, reverse cholesterol transport, sudden cardiac deaths, tuberculosis, anti-tuberculosis drugs and therapy, intracardiac masses, hypertrophic-associated miR-Nas, cardiomyocyte, healthcare, quality-related curriculum, lesotho mentorship model, periodontal disease, gum scrapings, anaerobic species, ayurvedic dhoopana dravya, operation theater fumigation, bacterial colony count, bedsore, allogenic fat, adipose-derived stem cells, carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester, epstein-barr virus infection, McBurney’s point, lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma, acute appendicitis, dental caries, oral health issue, herbal mouthwash formulations, silver diamine fluoride, image-guided system, chronic sinusitis, functional endoscopic sinus surgery, pharmacotherapy. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medical science.

  • Issues and Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of Medicine and Medical Research. The contributions by the authors include solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, lipid drug conjugates, uterus cervix, pleural fluid, leukaemia, lymphoepithelial organs, diagnostic delay, histopathopathological examination, oral cancer, Oral cavity, viral disease, COVID 19, oral manifestations, Insulin resistance, pain management, commisuroplasty, Estlander technique, Zirconia implant, surface treatment, osteoblastic activity, UV functionalization, UV Photofunctionalisation, Bentall procedure, cardiopulmonary bypass, marfan syndrome, pectus excavatum, transthoracic echocardiography, computed tomography, cantilever fixed partial dentures, die pins and sleeves, distal extension removable partial denture, Kennedy's class 1 edentulism, chronic kidney disease, cervical spine myelopathy, modified z- plasty, open door laminoplasty, french door laminoplasty, surgical gown, Impact penetration, antibacterial activity, anterior cruciate ligament, inertial sensors, angular behavior, fibroblast growth factor, glomerular filtration rate, parathyroid hormone, secondary hyperparathyroidism, mineral and bone disease, smoker’s polycythemia, erythrocytosis, Pharmacopeia limits, UV- VIS spectroscopy, rhinitis, hypersensitivity, histamine, transverse nasal crease, allergic salute, cobblestone appearance of oropharynx, rhinomanometry, antihistaminics, immunotherapy, topical nasal steroids, mast cell stabilizer, dural venous sinuses, emissary veins, colonic perforation, pneumoperitoneum, hemicolectomy, Electronic apex locator, apical constriction, osteoporosis. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  Medicine and Medical Research.

  • Fortification of Foodstuffs (Food Material) with Moringa oleifera

    This book examines the significance of sorghum grain and Bambara groundnut in the agricultural landscapes of sub-Saharan Africa and beyond. It aims to highlight their versatile uses in cooking, their nutritional benefits, and their complex composition. Additionally, it explores the potential synergies between these staple crops and Moringa oleifera protein, a substance known as the "Tree of Life" or miracle plant. Moringa oleifera grows well in tropical regions and its impressive nutritional properties make it a promising addition to sorghum and Bambara groundnut-based foods and beverages. In this thorough overview, we explore the potential applications of sorghum grain, Bambara groundnut, and Moringa oleifera protein in terms of nutrition and food security. We also delve into the realm of advanced technologies like ultrasonication and pulse electric field, which offer innovative ways to extract bioactive compounds, particularly protein, from Moringa oleifera leaves and seeds. However, while we uncover the many benefits of these crops and technologies, it is important to consider the challenges and limitations that may arise. The transformative potential of these crops—from being viewed as lowly, low-value foods to emerging as powerful sources of high-value, health-promoting sustenance for humanity—is something we emphasize as we work to close these knowledge gaps. In order to navigate the complex terrain of food science, nutrition, and sustainable agriculture, this review acts as a compass. Our goal is that it will not only shed light but also serve as inspiration for more research and projects aimed at ensuring and promoting the welfare of communities everywhere.

  • Issues and Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of Medicine and Medical Research. The contributions by the authors include nephrectomy, pathology, chronic pyelonephritis, lateral pterygoid muscle attachment, anterior disc displacement, osteoarthritis, temporomandibular joint disorder, magnetic resonance imaging, physical distancing, hand sanitization, Jejunal stricture, ischaemic enteritis, small bowel obstruction, Difficult intubation, modified mallampati test, upper lip bite test, cormack lehane classification, digit ratio, athletic performance, androgen exposure, fresh cadaver, porphyria, medical termination, pregnancy, spontaneous hepatic haemorrhage, cirrhosis, abdominal emergency, emergency operation, morbidity, resistivity, specific heat, sudden cardiac death, channelopathies, cardiomyopathies, angular compartment, arrhythmias, human blood bioelectromagmetism, human follicle bioelectromagnetism, inter tissue  bioelectromagnetic energy transfer, body parts energy exchange, electromagnetic radiation absortion, Ultrathin restorations, adenocorticotropin hormone, Brain tumor, image segmentation, K- means clustering, Chinese medicine, allopathic system, presaturation pulse, venous saturation, magnetic resonance angiography, sonophoresis, magnetophoresis, micropolations, ENT endoscopy, aerosolization. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  Medicine and Medical Research.

  • Progress in Language, Literature and Education Research Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of language, literature and education research. The contributions by the authors include musical processes, inadequate trained teachers, curriculum content, music education, Reggio Emilia approach, in-service training program, academic achievement test, weekly and daily lesson plans, predictors and curricular performance, physical activities and sports, athletes experience, nutritional needs, systematizing the goals and trends, podcasts, hypermedia communication, information multimedia network, virtual communication, semiotic multimodality, hypermedia structure of web communication, creolization, linguocultural, modern communication, STEM education, chemistry learning, digital technologies, learning needs, constructing knowledge, evaluating performance, knowledge and behaviour-based responses, SJT methodology, gender socialization theories, early grade reading assessment, learners’ performance, socioeconomic inequalities, financial resources on education, traditional learning paradigm, gamification, motivation, digitals skills, escape rooms, professional issues, material presentation, professional communication, CLIL approach, video material, use of English, school external factor; teacher effectiveness, effective teaching, code of conduct. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of language, literature and education research.

  • Issues and Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of Medicine and Medical Research. The contributions by the authors include mineral trioxide aggregate, endodontic retreatment, periapical radiolucency, Iatrogenic root perforation, nonsurgical repair, pulmonary embolism, saddle shape embolus, subglottic edema, thrombolysis therapy, tubo-ovarian abscess, pelvic inflammatory disease, pneumoperitoneum, Liver cell failure, plasmapheresis, multiple sclerosis, anticancer property, proapoptotic proteins, medical expulsive therapy, medications, tandem traction bow appliance, skeletal class III, maxillary protraction, cyclops culture, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, normal vaginal delivery, suprarenal gland, morphometrical growth parameters, abdominal ultrasonography, psychology, osteochondroma, Multiple hereditary exostosis, spinal cord compression, occupational hazards, hemolytic disease, erythroblastosis fetalis, rhesus allo-immunization, immune hydrops, cell therapy, mesenchymal stem cell, hydrogel or non-hydrogel-based scaffolds, clitoral cyst, ambiguous genitalia, clitorial tumors, clitoromegaly, female circumcision, muscle spindle, Ia-afferent knee surgery, Type 2 diabetes, IgA nephropathy, ocular coherent tomography, humphrey field analyzer, optic nerve head, drusenoid deposits, hypoxia, oral rehydration, immunological response, Divine proportion, golden proportion, skin malignancy, local facial flap, blood stream infections, bacterial profile, antimicrobial sensitivity, diagnostic microbiology, antibiotic assay, endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography, stent migration. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  Medicine and Medical Research.

  • Contemporary Perspective on Science, Technology and Research Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of Science, Technology and Research. The contributions by the authors include competitive swarm henry optimization, deep maxout network, sensing-actuating technologies, rain-protected drying sheds, automatic detection, post-harvest losses, rain sensor, phenomenon of resonance, Kant's philosophy, quantum mechanics, monochromatic radiation, model-based tracking capability, photovoltaic power, maximum power point tracking, MB algorithm, single cavitation bubble, dynamics of cavitation bubble, cavitation-induced erosion and vibration, mushroom-like bubble, bubble collapse process, biochemical and physiological markers, traditional and block periodization, pre-season training, speed and repeated sprint ability, postural control and agility, basketball skills, physiological demands, yo-yo intermittent recovery, aerobic and anaerobic capacity, VO2 max, climate change, conventional fuels, bio-ethanol and bio-diesel, rape seed methyl ester, binomial coefficients, finite differences, rational dynamical system, numerical models. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Science, Technology and Research.

  • Emerging Trends in Disease and Health Research Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of Disease and Health Research. The contributions by the authors include binomial test, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, COVID-19, acute care setup, physiotherapy management, breathing exercises, CARP protocol, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, acute coronary syndrome, antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy, hemorrhage shock, proton pomp inhibitors, endoscopy, type 2 diabetes, plasma glucose, metabolic disorder, cardiovascular disease, MS2 bacteeriophage, RNA genome, hypertension, diastolic pressure, Nonspecific low back pain, graded activity exercise, motor control exercise, COVID-19, Omicron, Yoshikura method, distribution, time series analysis, vaccines, severe Aaute respiratory syndrome, stress-management, dimension of wellness, physical wellbeing, mental wellbeing, Latent tuberculosis infection, rumination, self-Compassion scale, metabolic syndrome, epigenomics, proteomics, metabolomics, single nucleotide polymorphism, beta cell sequencing, breast cancer, respiratory syndrome, neutrophils, carcinogens, varicose veins, chronic venous insufficiency, Ebola virus, security, theory of securitization, zoonotic disease. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  Disease and Health Research.

  • Current Innovations in Chemical and Materials Sciences Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of chemical and materials sciences. The contributions by the authors include biological activities, anti-inflammatory activity, pyrazole synthesis, hydrothermal treatment, intercalation compounds, sol–gel synthetic procedures, nanoarchitectures, non-intercalated systems, amphiphilic molecules, organic–inorganic intercalation, nanoporous carbon, arsenic-contaminated water, electrolysis, chemical precipitation, photoluminescence, astronomical distances, europium ions, electrostatic fields, ultraviolet LEDs, GaN templates, organic chemical vapor deposition, nanoparticles, magnetohydrodynamics, stratification, micropolar fluid, radiation, Glariken formulation, computational simulation, tire tread compound, epoxidized natural rubber, organo-modified clay, filler-filler networking. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of chemical and materials sciences.

  • New Innovations in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of Chemistry and Biochemistry. The contributions by the authors include Nerve gas mimic,  colorimetric and fluorimetric detection, paper strip sensing, Chemosensor, Titanium dioxide, quinoline, benzimidazole, fluorescence, ratiometric, Imidazothiadiazole, Murine leukemia, Anticancer activities, quantitative structure activity relationship, Paper-based analytical devices, inkjet printer, Drug delivery, dosage forms, chitosan, ionic gelation, multiparticulates, pectin, polyelectrolyte complex, sodium alginate , Magnetic susceptibility, magnetically derived illite content, Green chemistry, ionic liquid, solid-phase synthesis, electro-organic synthesis, pyrene, thiophene, lead, flourescence, Acrylohydrazide, cyclization, imidazol-5-one, oxazol-5-one, phylogenetic analysis, bioremediation, Diabetes, glutathione S-transferases,  Octacalcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, hydrogen phosphate, succinate ion, Scherrer’s equation, Synthesis, benzofuran oxadiazole thiol, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Chemistry and Biochemistry.

  • An Overview on Business, Management and Economics Research Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of business, management and economics. The contributions by the authors include export-led growth hypothesis, autoregressive distributed lag, growth hypothesis, factor productivity, economic growth, bargaining, distribution, Nash-Harsanyi bargaining model, fiscal policy, monetary policy, macroeconomic policies, capital stock, academic writing approach, financial system, banking sector, mergers & acquisitions, banking performance, micro-banking solutions, CAMELS model, Stock returns, Parkinson’s volatility, ARCH model, ARDL model, trading system, competitive advantage; heterogeneity, quick service restaurants. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of business, management and economics.

  • Probiotics and Oxidative Stress

    This book deals with the antioxidant effect and mechanism of probiotics. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the area of bamboo salt. This book was funded by General Program of Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing (cstc2021jcyjmsxmX0070), China.

  • Theory and Applications of Engineering Research Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of engineering research. The contributions by the authors include coal mining activity, ecological restoration, geotechnical charactertiscs, waste dump, computational fluid dynamics, agricultural spraying techniques, Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes, k-\(\epsilon\) turbulence modeling, zero-pollution propulsion system, six-cylinder compressed air engine, stress and deformation analysis, crankcase analysis, digital image encryption, cryptographic algorithm, Chua's circuit design, information security, automatic load frequency control, non-linearity, automatic load frequency control, genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization, membrane-based water treatment, polymeric membranes, power-law model, dope, fiber breakage, neural and fuzzy controllers, space vector modulation, the flux and torque defects, quick torque response, network scheduler, matrix transition, square matrix format, fair arbitration, grounding system, reduction factor, electromagnetic field, metal installations. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of engineering research.

  • Ion Irradiation Effect on Structure and Magnetic Properties of Multilayer Fe/Si

    In the last decades, many books have been published on ion irradiation or ion beam processing, due to the advantages of using ion irradiation to modify surfaces of the films and its properties. The aims this volume is to review the special topic related to “ion irradiation effect on the structure and magnetic properties of multilayer Fe/Si”. While it used to be that ion irradiation processes related to simply technique to creation or modify of the film and give a novel phenomenon at the level nanometer scale. Ion beam irradiation are now also used to aggretates metals and semiconductor into nanocluster with a novel properties.

    It is pleasure to thank to management of National Agency of Reserach and Innovation (BRIN)-Indonesia for all support until this manscript ready to published. 

  • Advancement and New Understanding in Medical Science Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of medical science. The contributions by the authors include toxoplasmosis, microcephaly, testicular functions, tuberculosis, nucleotide detection, single-molecule sequencing, fourth-generation sequencing, DNA sequencing, SARS-CoV-2, genetic disorders, acute kidney injury, serum creatinine, serum magnesium, hypomagnesemia, magnesium deficiency, renin-angiotensin receptor, hypomagnesaemia, renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate, caesarean section, blepharoedema and chemosis, intratracheal airway management, pronation, ocular damage, conjunctivitis, angiotensin-converting enzyme, Adie's syndrome, gestational diabetes mellitus, C-reactive protein, cardiometabolic disease, pleuroparenchymal mucormycosis, fungal infection, cell transplant, acid fast bacilli, polymorphism, angiotensin converting enzyme gene, hyperglycemia, assessment of femoral artery,  B-flow ultrasound, radionuclide MPS estimation, Atherosclerosis, Blood transfusion, haematology parameters, HIV-hepatitis B and C markers, complete blood count, Nicotine exerts, A4B2 and A7 nAChR, abstinent smokers, nicotine-seeking behavior, nail and plate fixation, antibiotic cement beads, intramedullary nails, Gustilo Anderson 3a and 3b, photosynthetic microorganisms, cyanobacterial species in reservoirs, toxic seasonal cyanobacterial blooms, Primary Liver Cancer. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medical science.

  • Current Advances in Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences. The contributions by the authors include global warming, climate changes, increasing the energy in the environment, qualifying Earth`s nature, explored reserves, promising areas, additional exploration, raw material base, high mountain karst, small karst feature, corrosion indices, water quality, corrosivity of groundwater, food security, farm irrigation, photosynthesis, microorganisms, photorespiration, Emissivity separation, electromagnetic spectrum, remote sensing. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences.

  • Effect of Microgravity and Magnetic Steering on the Melt Flow and the Microstructure of Solidified Alloys

    The production of metals and their alloys in usable solid form begins, with a few exceptions (high-melting-point metals, e.g., W, Ta, Nb, etc.), with the production of melts due to extraction from ores and their solidification. The process during solidification is significantly more complicated than plastic forming or heat treatment because both the solid and melt phases can move during solidification. One of the reasons for this movement is the difference in density in the melt due to the difference in temperature and concentration. Another reason is the specific volume difference between the solid and melt phases, while the third reason is the melt flow resulting from filling the moulds with melt (e.g., continuous steel casting, aluminium pressure casting, etc.). In some solidification technologies, melt flow is deliberately created (e.g., centrifugal casting, magnetic stirring of melt in continuous steel casting).

    In order to understand the processes of solidification, there are two options that assume each other and build on each other: the modelling (simulation) of processes and experiments. The first model describing the microsegregation in solid solutions was the well-known Scheil equation (Bemerkungen zur Schichtkristallbildung, Z. Metallkd., 1942, 34, p 70-72), which is still used many times today. Subsequently, several models and analytical equations were created to describe the various subprocesses (e.g., nucleation, growth, micro and macro segregation, columnar equiaxed transition, etc.). With these models and the analytical mathematical simulations based on them, many subprocesses could be interpreted and explained. However, analytical solutions could not consider the parameters changing during solidification (temperature, concentration, density, thermal conductivity) or only with significant simplifications. A particular difficulty was the simulation of the movement of the phases (melt flow, movement of fragmenting dendrite particles, etc.). A breakthrough was using various numerical methods (Finite Difference, Cell Automata and especially Phase Field), which can consider all changing parameters, and it was made possible by the explosive development of computational technology.

    The test of the pudding is in the eating, says a well-known English proverb. So, the results obtained by simulation should be verified by experiments under precisely known conditions. We have three options:

    • The results of simulations based on diffusion models that do not consider phase movements by experiments under weightlessness conditions (space station, rocket experiments, drop tower, etc.),
    • Simulations considering melt flow at the acceleration of 1g using high-precision ground experiments,
    • Simulations considering flows generated by accelerations greater than 1g in devices enabling forced current (centrifuges, mixing by magnetic induction).

    In this book, we present the results of experiments carried out in recent years in solidification in the joint Materials Science Research Group of the Hungarian Research Network (HUN REN) and the University of Miskolc (UM). Some research group members have been engaged in solidification research since 1980, when the first and so far, only Hungarian experiments in space materials science (BEALUCA, 1980). Since 2000, they have been involved in the international ESA projects MIcrostructure Formation in CASTing of Technical Alloys under Diffusive and Magnetically Controlled Convective Conditions (MICAST) and Columnar-to-Equiaxed Transition in SOLidification Processing (CETSOL) for space materials science. For ground-based (1g) comparative experiments, a complex solidification laboratory was built for several unique solidification experiments. To investigate the effect of accelerations greater than 1g, they built inductors to create the Rotation Magnetic Field (RMF) and the Travelling Magnetic Field (TMF). The melt flow due to magnetic induction was studied at 75% Ga25% In melt. The effect of melt flow on the micro and mesostructure of the solidified test for aluminium alloys was investigated.

    Dear reader, we hope the methods and results presented in this book will be interesting and valuable in your further research.

  • Plant Tissue Culture- A Lab Manual

    The aim is to publish a lab manual in a comprehensive way, with an object to provide a standard lab manual for plant tissue culture for botany undergraduate and post graduate students, encompassing the various topics of plant tissue culture. The book lays balanced emphasis on different aspects of plant tissue culture.

    The lab manual is in conformity with the latest CBCS syllabus of the UG and PG course, prescribed by University of Calcutta. We believe that the book should be of a slightly higher level. The topics are simple, lucid and interesting to make the book readable and enjoyable.

    We would like to express our sincere gratitude and profound indebtedness to our teacher, Ph.D. supervisor Prof. Sandip Mukhopadhyay, Ex-Professor, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, for his due supervision, concrete advice, guidance and encouragement throughout the tenure of our research work. His academic pursuit has always pushed us further to complete this work and he provided us with a platform which has turned our work into a much-enriched learning experience.

    We would sincerely thank all of our teachers for giving necessary support, as and when required.

    A very special thank and gratitude to Professor Siuli Sarkar, Principal, Lady Brabourne College and Dr. Kaustubh Lahiri, Principal, Dr. Kanailal Bhattacharyya College for encouragement.

    We would like to specially thank all the teachers of Dept. of Botany, Lady Brabourne College, our laboratory attended for their cooperations and kind contributions in different capacities during the course of present work. Our acknowledgement would be incomplete without addressing them.

  • Research and Applications Towards Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of mathematics and computer science. The contributions by the authors include HIV-AIDS epidemics, immunized subpopulation, mathematical modeling, SHAR model, viscous media, Reynolds number, microsphere, space connect framework, evolutionary-space, MSpace platform, matrix algebra, cross multiplication method, Gaussian method, Dodgson’s condensation method, Diallel crosses, C-matrix, GCA effects, cubic lattices, domain algorithmic language, computational emancipation, Polya's problem solving methodology, arithmetic modeling tree, computational emancipation, linear regression, sell brand analysis, revenue management, cloud computing; migration, virtual machine, live virtual machine migration, internet system, Balanced incomplete block designs, partial diallel crosses, genetic variability. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of mathematics and computer science.

     

  • Human Repair-Neurophysiology

    Human Repair-Neurophysiology is a new discipline in medicine which is not organized and funded. It combines human anatomy, human neurophysiology and the repair of the human central nervous system. The repair of the human nervous system is achieved through movement-based learning. A therapy was developed, called Coordination Dynamics Therapy, which is based on the functioning of the human nervous system, measured by human electrophysiology. To explore the human nervous system by electrophysiological methods is logic because the nervous system is functioning mainly via voltages and currents. The repair of the injured, malfunctioning or degenerating nervous system is achieved through the improvement of the coordinated firing of neurons and the plasticity of the human nervous system. In animals, as for example the rat, repair is achieved through the nerve fiber growing strategy and in human through learning. The main difference between the animal and the human nervous system is the complexity of their neural networks. In animals the nervous system needs a few months to develop and in human nearly 20 years. Through the tremendous complexity of the human nervous system, the human neural networks can nearly learn everything, including its repair. Since the nervous system is involved in nearly all body functions, the repair or the improvement of neural network functioning improves health in general. Many diseases can be treated by coordination dynamics therapy.

     

    In Chapter 1 a partial repair (regeneration) of the human spinal cord is achieved by movement-based learning. When in Chapter 2 an orthopedic surgeon tried to compete with the natural repair by an operation, the spinal cord injury patient got worse. Already Hippocrates had the opinion that the true healer is the body itself. In Chapter 3, a malformation or degeneration of the cerebellum and pons got partly repaired through movement-based learning and in Chapter 4 the basal ganglia and the cortex. All the patients were children. In boys and girls under 10 years of age nearly everything is possible through repair if the patients can be motivated to train at their limits. But how to motivate a child to train very hard. They want to play and not train something what they do not understand. Mothers are most successful to administer the therapy if they know what they have to train with their child.

    In brain-injured patients the higher mental functions are most important to be repaired. According to the System Theory of Pattern Formation, there is learning transfer from movements to the cognitive functions. In Chapter 3 and 4 also the higher mental functions of the patients improved through learning.

    To administer movement-based learning with 15 to 20 hours per week for a few years, the repair progress has to be measured to motivate the patient and be sure that the treatment works. When exercising on the special coordination dynamics therapy device, the improvement of the coordinated firing of neurons can also be measured by one value, namely the arrhythmicity of exercising. When a subject is exercising on a special coordination dynamics therapy device, the coordination between arm and leg movements changes from pace to trot gait. The central nervous system functioning is then measured by the arrhythmicity of exercising through ‘Movement Pattern Change’ according to the System Theory of Pattern Formation. The improvement of nervous system functioning can be judged by the coordination dynamics value and the improvement of movement patterns.

    This progress in the repair of the human nervous system was achieved because of the development of the single-nerve fiber action potential recording method. By recording with two pairs of wire electrodes from thin sacral nerve roots in the cauda equina, it is measured simultaneously what impulse patterns are conducted into the central nervous system and what are conducted out of it; that means the functioning of the human nervous system can be analyzed under physiologic and pathologic conditions at the single-neuron level. It was measured that the phase and frequency coordination among neuron firings becomes impaired through injury, malformation and degeneration. By improving this organization principle of the human central nervous system, when exercising on the special coordination dynamics therapy device, and training movement patterns, especially movement automatisms, other parts of the brain will take function over by plasticity. The human nervous system can be repaired or improved in its functioning at all ages.

    To live longer with a better quality of life by 10 to 20 years is already achieved now through coordination dynamics therapy because cardio-vascular performance and nervous system functioning can be improved and cancer grows inhibited.

  • Emerging Issues in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of environment, geography and earth science. The contributions by the authors include mixed layer depth, environmental parameters, sea level, global, eddies, oceanic heat loss, ecosystem, ecosystem production, phytocoenoses, biocenoses, Coastal geomorphology, longshore sediment transport, Somma-Vesuvio volcanic complex, foraminifera, hypoxia, anoxia, and metal contamination, paleoecology, paleoceanography, oxygen depletion, anthropogenic hazards, ecological development. interplanetary magnetic fields, solar wind-magnetosphere interactions, polar cap disturbances, PC index, effects of azimuthal BY IMF components, water management strategy, VES data, deep seated fracture, Resistivity sounding, remote sensing satellites, ASTER sensor, band ratio algorithms, mineral extraction, SWIR band, GMIST, TEC, NVIS, ionospheric density profile, HF communication systems, three-dimensional electromagnetic, VMD, electromagnetic waves, Far-Region Scattering electromagnetic fields, beach morphology, sediment transport. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of environment, geography and earth science.

  • Current Aspects in Pharmaceutical Research and Development Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of Pharmaceutical Research. The contributions by the authors include polymers, physicochemical properties, biodegradable, ionic gelation, dosage forms, colon targeting, glucomannan, drug candidates, drug releases, therapeutic actions, pharmacokinetics, pharmaceutical dosage, major depressive disorder, augmentation therapy, anthelmintic activity, parasitic worm infection, biosurfactant, antibacterial activity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, cirrhosis, hypertension, biochemical markers, phytochemicals, phyto constituents, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, stress degradation, chronotherapy, novel solubilizers, antimicrobial agents, drug resistance, tobacco hazards prevention act, antiviral effects, SARS-CoV-2, anti-inflammatory properties, COVID-19 disease, anti-autophagy. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  Pharmaceutical Research.

  • Recent Research Advances in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of arts and social studies. The contributions by the authors include job-related stress, mental and physical health, cardiovascular-musculoskeletal-gastrointestinal disorders, anxiety and depression, socio-economic development, tourism, cultural festival, employment opportunities, empirical identity and progress, theory choice, cumulative and non-cumulative view,  coordination theory, community engagement, Tuckman’s teamwork model, stacked influence theory, institutional stakeholders, beach resorts, iron curtain, colossus of prora, communist rule, musicology, anthropology of music, musical language, Rhombus diamond theory, intelligent disobedience, civil-military relations, political-military complex, aesthetic experience, computational expression, ideology, metaphysics, Schwartz's Theory, bipolar dimensions, e-government domains, Information and communication technology, internet technology, community services. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of arts and social studies.

  • Soils of Nepal a General Treatise

    "The book is a significant contribution to the scientific treatment and description of soils found in different physiographic regions of Nepal. It will serve as a useful resource for students and researchers in the fields of soil science, soil and water conservation and land management."

    Dr. Dil Prasad Sherchan, Former Crop and Horticulture Director, Nepal Agricultural Research Council

    "An important work dealing with the formation and characteristics of the soils of Nepal. It is of interest to geologists, soil scientists, agriculturists and land users, as well as, planners and the general public."

  • Aspects of Biodiversity in Sudan Experience of the National Center for Research with Particular Collaboration with the National Insect Collection/ARC/Sudan

    Sudan is a country of a great diversity of ecosystems such as arid, semi arid, low and high rainfall Savannahs, mountainous and coastal ecosystems where each ecosystem with itsunique biota. It is among the countries that ratifiedthe Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), with three programs that ensure conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, in addition toequitableshare of genetic resources. CBD calls upon all parties to develop and update in a timely manner national biodiversity strategy and action plan for conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity. The objectives of these strategic plans includecalls for education, research, capacity buildingand awareness raising onbiodiversity values and conservation.

    Biodiversity researchprovides sustainable solutions to challenges facing natural habitats, and ensure their conservation and other environmental actions that could increase biodiversity potentiality tomitigate climatechange effects. Biodiversityresearch and monitoring hasbegun in Sudan before independence; since then, intensive surveys have been conducted to cover all geographical regions of the country; such as surveys addressed byWelcome Tropical Research Laboratories in Khartoum in form ofa nationalinsect collection and identification efforts 1902. Although this National Insect Collection concentrates on insect species of agricultural and medicalimportance, it is considered asone of the largest and oldest insect collections in Africa.Ever since, the collected and identified insect species in Sudan comprise about 15 orders, 248 families and over 4000 species. Further biodiversity surveys revealed identification of 3132species offlowering plants, 106 species of Nile fishes, 265 species of Mammals, 938pieces of Birds, species of Amphibians and manyspecies of Arthropods.

    Ecological and socio-economic validation of biodiversity gathered with management guidelines have been completed such as those done at theMarine Protected Area with the involvement and participation of local stakeholders.

    The National Center for Research (NCR)concerns with conducting scientific and applied research for economic and social development within the framework of the state’s policy aimed at developing and supporting scientific and technical research in Sudan. NCR research focuses on areas that have not received sufficient research such as biodiversity and other branches of science. NCRBiodiversity research projects concentrate on long term monitoring of biological resources, factors affecting them and capacity building to conserve these resources. NCRbiodiversity research is rationalized to understand and document the diversity of living organisms, create a database that includes all information about biological species, raise the level of knowledge about the current and future situation of biodiversity in Sudan, raise the level of interest, benefit shareand awareness and to develop mutual smart scientific relationships and networkinglocally, regionally and internationally.

    This book is intended to present some examples of NCR currentbiodiversity research projects; of which two ongoing projects entitled"Conservation and sustainable use of the biological diversity in Sudan semi-aridecosystem and Monitoring and documentation of biodiversity in the semi-arid environment in Sudan. The prominent results obtained during the implementations of these two projects are illustrated to the scientific era and concerned institution to carry out early control measures when needed. These results include four articles hoping to strength biodiversity data base and recommendappropriate methods of biodiversity conservation

  • Research Trends and Challenges in Physical Science Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of  Physical Science. The contributions by the authors include magnetic fields, neutron stars, red giants, mathematical modeling, covariant tensors of final valence, identification of nonlinear vector regression, optimization of metal coatings, regression-tensor modeling, Non-thermal recombination, collision-free electrons under Hubble-expansion, non-Planckian CMB spectral features, agnetic refrigeration, active magnetic regenerator, magnetocaloric material, gadolinium, magnetocaloric effect, flow distribution, heat transfer, Three-nucleon force, optical limit approximation, elastic scattering, nonextensivity, Sagdeev potential, FTIR absorbance, vibration isolation, adaptive optics, magnetorheological fluid, electromagnetic system of drive, phase space, probability distribution, particle concentration, phase space, probability distribution, particle concentration, Tu’s electron diffraction experiment, spark chamber, magnetic field interference, quantum mechanical interpretation, quantum state superposition, superposition statecollapse, Quantum effect, gravitons, neutron star binary, inspiraling, mass generation, PEM fuel cell, parameters identification, hybrid vehicle system, genetic algorithm. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of   Physical Science.

  • Research Advances and Challenges in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of agricultural sciences. The contributions by the authors include hailstorms, crop damages, agricultural  and horticultural crops, lablab seed, feed supplement, ruminants’ diet, anti-nutritional factors, land resource inventory, natural-resources deterioration, satellite data, soil-physiographic relationship, geographical information system, chemical pesticides, amylase activity, oil seed crops, soil environment, nutrient management, chickpea cultivation, soil test, cluster front line demonstration, farmers practice, bioethanol production, biofuels, genetic improvement, millets byproduct, anti-fungal activity, mycotoxins, fungal contamination, cocoa bean fermentation, soil health, ornamental crops, organic rice production, weed management, herbicides, green manuring, crop–weed interference, meat production, lumpy skin disease, foot and mouth disease, cattle breeds, genetic quality, crop water requirements, food security, water scarcity, crop production, irrigation, water-agriculture nexus. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of agricultural sciences.

  • Innovations in Science and Technology Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of Science and Technology. The contributions by the authors include Fuzzy set, greenhouse, optimization, temperature prediction, humidity prediction, Diversion dam, uplift pressure, exit hydraulic gradient, cutoff walls, weep holes, Building typology, spatial anthropology, eco-history, Quadrilateral geometry, design patterns,   oxidative stress, griseofulvin, antioxidants, Temozolomide, radiotherapy, glioblastoma multiforme, anaplastic astrocytoma, Biodigester, biomethane, biomass, energy, organic waste,  NRL CGP configuration, flue gas recirculation, boiler mountings, Product demand, quality and service, credit period, promotional activities, Earth’s atmosphere, mathematical modeling, prediction of cyclonic vortices origination, Space-time curvature, horizon distance, horizon volume, mass distortion, Biometrics, mobile device, authentication, threats, security, and Modernization build-up machine. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Science and Technology.

  • Theory and Applications of Engineering Research Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of engineering research. The contributions by the authors include architecture, seismic resilience, cultural heritage, photovoltaic technology, harmonics, active power filter, common coupling, hypergraph, Clustering algorithm, intelligent transportation system, ad hoc networks, particulate composites, Newtonian fluids, Hookean solids, perfectly plastic composites, mineral fillers, Quasi-3D thermal modelling; electronic packages; chip interconnection technologies; chip stacking technology, CMOS technology, binary variables, circuit complexity, pass-transistor logic, image augmentation schemes, Optical Character Recognition, geometrical transformations. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of engineering research.

  • Innovations in Science and Technology Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of  Science and Technology. The contributions by the authors include general relativity, metric theory of gravity, inconsistencies in GRT, gravitational mass dependence on velocity, nature of the “empty” space, relation between Hubble constant and CMBR, finite size of the universe, thermal diffusion, pressure diffusion, separation of isotopes, geochemistry, topological mixing entropy, periodic points, Lebesgue measure preserving interval maps, artificial intelligence, Hazard perception, empathizing-systemizing, gaze response speed, traffic accident, near-miss incident, cone beam computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, diagnosis, periodical pathology, fluid-conveying pipe, functionally graded material, ERP systems, information security, wireless body area network, zigbee networks, routing protocol, cosmology, astronomy, theoretical physics, big bang theory, fuzzy Set, fuzzy Logic, acoustic noise, statistic distribution, noise level fluctuation, area of exposure, geographic analysis, environmental criminology, Potassium blocking rejection, hair follicle, bipolar hair shaft, hemocoagulation, shepherds hook genesis. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  Science and Technology.

  • Novel Aspects on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of chemistry and biochemistry. The contributions by the authors include industrial effluent, catalytic degradation, dye like adsorption, pathological angiogenesis, homology, virtual screening and phamacophore, antiangiogenic ligand, breast cancer, human tissue kallikreins, Cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer, hydrolysate protein production, bioactive peptides, Fish protein hydrolysate, bioactive peptides, microgram determination, corrosion resistance, method validation, limit of detection, limit of quantification, bioactive constituents, antimicrobial activity, traumatic injuries, blood circulation, In silico toxicity, quality-assessed-analytical, acute toxicity, risk assessment, structural alertness, cancer therapies, phytochemical and pharmacological properties, antioxidant power, ayurveda medicine, \(\beta\)-Amino ketones, antibiotics, mannich-type addition reactions, multicomponent coupling reaction, drugs, antibacterial and antifungal activity, hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties, modulators, pharmacological properties, chemotherapeutic importance, solution mediated polymorphic transformation, pharmaceutical development, powder X-ray diffraction, \(\alpha\)-solubility. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of chemistry and biochemistry.

  • Issues and Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 11

    This book covers key areas of  Medicine and Medical Research. The contributions by the authors include sciatic nerve, peroneal nerve, ischial tuberosity, Cytogenetics, male infertility, SARS-CoV-2, pneumonia, feto-maternal side effects, dilatation, blood plasma, testosterone, gold nanoparticles, cerium dioxide nanoparticles, reproductive system, prostate cancer, Facial nerve, parotid gland, mastoid process, stylomastoid foramen, Cardiovascular disease, Small bowel volvulus, abdominal pain, small bowel obstruction, caudal epidural, postoperative analgesia, tracheoesophageal fistula, Cervical cancer, conventional pap smear, hydrothermal method, nanocomposites, hydroxyapatite, alumina, diffraction, Sino-tubular junction, Marfans syndrome, MVP mitral valve prolapsed, mesenchymal stem cells, polymers, umbilical cord cells, fibroblasts, leukocytes, wound healing, physical analgesia, electrotherapy, physiotherapy, combined lumbar-sacral plexus block, microangiopathy, anxiety and depression, pathological entity, Crohn’s disease, diet manipulation. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  Medicine and Medical Research.

  • Pesticides, Toxicity and Its Effects on Human Health and Environment

    Pesticides are now an essential tool in the complex fabric of our modern world, where the demands for disease management, agricultural productivity, and aesthetic perfection are always rising. In their many forms, pesticides have shaped the environments we live in and the food we eat, becoming an integral part of our everyday lives. However, there is a price for this ubiquity—one that extends beyond simple chemical uses and affects the delicate equilibrium between human and environmental health." Pesticides, Toxicity and its Effects on Human Health and Environment" a book, explores the complex web of effects caused by pesticide use. We set out on a quest to explore the complex effects of pesticide toxicity from the prisms of science, ethics, and global consciousness. I investigate water sources, air quality, and even the food that is placed on our plates in addition to the fields of agriculture. I follow the routes that pesticides take to enter ecosystems, where they affect creatures that are not their intended targets and eventually human populations. It is our responsibility as stewards of the earth to understand the complex interactions between pesticides and the ecosystem. The goal of this book is to give readers a thorough grasp of the various kinds of pesticides, their chemical makeup, and their mechanisms of action. It examines the negative environmental implications of pesticide use, including how it affects biodiversity, water quality, and soil health. At the same time, we examine the human cost, looking into the dangers of pesticide residues in food, the effects of chronic exposure on health, and the vulnerabilities of specific groups. This book serves as both a call to action and a compilation of knowledge. I cordially ask you, the reader, to accompany us on a voyage of comprehension, contemplation, and activism as we unearth the consequences of pesticide toxicity on the environment and human health. Let's work together to create a future in which the advantages of using pesticides are weighed against a deep regard for the complex ecosystems that support us and the health of future generations.

  • Recent Trends in Chemical and Material Sciences Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of  Chemical and Material Sciences. The contributions by the authors include strontium-britholite, raman spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, heterojunction, optoelectronic properties, ZnO nanowires, electrical transport behavior, Internal harmonized analytical method, malachite green, leuco-malachite green, high-performance liquid chromatography, photo-diode array, time-space manifold, elementary particle physics, vacuum, Riemannian space, Aluminum welding, gas metal arc welding, laser welding, carbon materials, nanocomposites, signaling effect, nanostructure, precipitation method, hydrothermal treatment, wet chemical technique, characterization, chip formation, recrystallization processes, reciprocal randic index, reduced reciprocal randic index, reduced second Zagreb index, forgotten index, non-neighbor vertices, heat-mass exchange, conditioning systems, energy consumption. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Chemical and Material Sciences.

  • Advances in Wildlife and Environment Management in Uganda

    This book, gives details on data gaps limiting, management of wildlife and environment in Uganda, required stakeholder synergies and policy interventions, research issues and hypotheses that require attention in the sector in order to achieve sustainable developments in the country. This information is in particular valuable for policy makers, practitioners, researchers, the academia, civil society and private sector whose business, work or interest depend on Uganda’s wildlife and environment. Featuring Advances in Wildlife and Environment Management in Uganda, this publication emnates from knowledge contributions and contemproray perspectives of experts from the field of Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics (STEM) and the non-STEM, presented thematic on, data deficiencies, partnerships, synergies, policy and, political challenges affecting wildlife and environment managemen in Uganda by 13 speakers at the conservation conference held on 9th February 2023, at Makerere University Central Teaching Facility (CTF) 2 Auditorium. The conference was one of the national activities Uganda implemented in 2023 to mark United Nations World Wildlife Day.

  • New Horizons in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of  Medicine and Medical Research. The contributions by the authors include tick-borne diseases, Allergy, asthma, autoimmunity, immunodeficiencies, inborn immunity errors, rheumatological diseases, Open angle glaucoma, ocular hypertension, travoprost/timolol fixed combination, trigeminal neuralgia, microvascular decompression, percutaneous balloon compression, gamma knife radiosurgery, magnetic resonance imaging, bibliometric analysis, breast cancer, immunotherapy, left main dissection, iatrogenic dissection, catheter induced dissection, osteoporosis, computed tomography, bone mineral density, Dyke-davidoff-masson syndrome, hemiatrophy, spastic hemiplegia, hypoplasia, transdermal fentanyl patch, enhanced recovery, castration-resistant prostate cancer, statins, anti-androgens, combination treatments, prostate cancer, primary Sjögren’s Syndrome, pathogenesis, voice disorders, dysphagia, oral infections, extramedullary hematopoiesis, adrenal incidentaloma, richophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton benhamiae, Trichophyton indotineae, topical corticosteroids, osteogenic orthodontics, selective alveolar decortications, bone activation, innate immunity, cell-mediated immunity. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of   Medicine and Medical Research.

  • An Overview on Business, Management and Economics Research Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of business, management and economics research. The contributions by the authors include health systems, maslach burnout inventory, organizational resilience, innovation performance, firm performance, hospitality firm performance, hospitality, innovation performance, organizational resilience, chaotic business environments, entrepreneurial orientation, organizational reconfiguration, absorptive capabilities, inter-firm networks, interlocking directorship, human resource development, training effectiveness, employee capacity, healthcare workforce performance, integrated reporting, corporate governance, audit committee, foreign commercial banks,digital marketing, luxury fashion products, e-commerce and e-marketplaces, web experience, digital experience, usability, interactivity, wireless communication technology, food delivery app. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of business, management and economics research.

  • Current Research in Language, Literature and Education Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of  Language, Literature and Education. The contributions by the authors include Niger-Congo African language, language orthography, literary language, organizational citizenship behavior, service quality, strategic professional leadership, human resource management, sustainable educational organizations, intellectual disabilities, machine learning, education systems, thermal comfort, teachers' professional development, teachers' quality, students’ academic achievements,  public-private partnership schools, information and communication technologies, ESP materials, sustainable learning, phonemic awareness and phonograms, Reading comprehension, power of roots and affixes, English spelling rules, mythical narrative, mythological worship. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  Language, Literature and Education.

  • Advancement and New Understanding in Medical Science Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of medical science. The contributions by the authors include persistent mullerian duct syndrome, transverse testicular ectopia, anti-mullerian hormone, ectopic testis, acute kidney injury, kidney function, nephrotoxic medications, renal replacement therapy, gender difference, body mass index, Static balance, central nervous system, vestibular modulation, pregnancy, pre-pregnancy body mass index, gestational weight gain, caesarean section, obesity, preeclampsia, multiple myeloma, osteolytic lesions, maxillofacial lesions, malignant proliferation, plasma cells, hypercalcemia, cytopenia, immune paralysis, breathing exercises, respiratory muscle training, cardiovascular system, preterm birth, intra-uterine growth restriction, foetal growth, fetal endocrine activation, neonatal mortality, oral cancer, oral squamous cell carcinoma, neoplasm, oral cavity, pregnant women epidemiology, maternal fetal corpulence symbiosis, smart phone calculator, hypertensive disorders, systemic lupus erythematosus, primary biliary cholangitis, Sjögren’s syndrome, autoimmune disease, empyema thoracis, tuberculosis, open thoracotomy, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, road traffic accidents cases, schizophrenia, neuropsychological testing, gestational diabetes. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medical science.

  • Decoding the Solar System

    From time immemorial mankind is trying to understand his surroundings - amongst which - besides the countryside, the Sun, the Moon, the planets, the blinking stars, the shooting stars and the rare sight of colossal comets have been witnessed with immense awe and interest by the sky watchers of all ages. The adventures with the sky have given mankind a deep insight on our cosmic surroundings and existence. In embarking upon such a venture of enormous dimension, it is needless to say that in most of the cases success could only be achieved after several faltering steps which required conquering of many misgivings and delusions on popular notions. The author’s passion for comprehending his cosmic existence to a great extent has been accentuated by the achievements and failures of his illustrious predecessors. Hence, if this book deserves any credit, the lion’s share of it should go to the author’s predecessors, who had toiled much harder than the author in their cherished pursuits of unlocking the cosmic mysteries. The author is indebted to all his predecessors including many unknown giants and pathfinders. Besides, it is owing to the brilliant work conducted by the scientists of various space missions, especially the National Aeronautics and Space Administration of USA, the author could undertake this challenging task. The author would like to emphasize that some of his views discussed in the book are not in agreement with the prevalent popular concepts and, therefore, for a comparative appraisal, along with the author’s interpretation, the prevalent concepts have also been presented. The author pleads that the verdict regarding his views should be decided after a thorough analysis and comprehensive investigation and not in the way some of the concepts on earth and planetary sciences have been accepted in the past without scrutiny.

  • New Innovations in Economics, Business and Management Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of Economics, Business and Management. The contributions by the authors include autonomy, fast Moving consumer goods, shakti entrepreneurs, Government expenditure, tax revenue, government revenue composition, fiscal policies, microcredit, women empowerment, poverty alleviation, financial ratios, cash flows, financial difficulties, organizational citizenship behavior, public service, job satisfaction, political economy, product diversification, inventory management, i-NILAM system, information technology, strategic management, democratic political practice. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  Economics, Business and Management.

  • Quantons: The Fabric of Space Time - An Introductory Study

    No other science is like the physical science with so many open questions and at the heart of these conundrums is the nature of space-time.

    This book presents an attempt to address the question of quantized space-time using the classical field theory where a series of published papers which deal with the structural aspect as well as the cosmological implications are discussed.

    the first paper (quanton fields: evolution and degrees of freedom) discusses the evolution of constituent fields space time and how they are related and the inflationary consequences of the universe.

    The second paper (quanton based model of field interactions) treats the fundamental as well as space fabric interactions

    The derivations and equations are treated sequentially which allows the reader a greater grip with with the evolution of each interaction.

    The third paper (symmetries in the universe) discusses the cosmological implications of quantized space time in detail and offers a possible origin to the large number hypothesis.

    The fourth paper (locally varying Hubble parameter) tries to relate the relativity based cosmological models to the quanton based model and discusses one on the current topics of interest in the field of astronomy namely (the Hubble tension) is treated in details

    The biggest asset of this book is its simplicity as it deals with otherwise difficult subjects without delving into strenuous mathematical formulation which makes it ideal as a starting point for deeper understanding of the physical phenomena.

  • Recent Progress in Plant and Soil Research Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of  Plant and Soil Research. The contributions by the authors include plant growth regulator, allelopathy, germination efficiency, phytomass, plant density, germination index, weed management, SSR markers, polymorphism, molecular markers, graft union, vascular connection, cleft grafting method, plant cell apoptosis, plant cell wall, filaments repetitive pattern, antibiotic effect, Floristic diversity, regeneration, soil fertility, macro nutrient, crop production, crop rotation. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  Plant and Soil.

  • Statistical Models for Soil Attributes

    This study includes an extensive examination of multivariate statistical models used in analyzing soil properties, providing details on how they are applied across various geographical and temporal contexts. This study, consisting of eight chapters, explores the problematic world of soil science and provides light on the different statistical methods used to understand the complexity of soil composition, nutrient content, and pH levels.

    The authors are given a brief overview of the multivariate statistical models employed in investigating soil parameters in Chapter I, which serves as the starting point of our journey. This chapter also provides a clear organizational framework and a road map for the study.

    We are given an insightful tour of the body of research on soil characteristics in Chapter II. This chapter lays a strong foundation for the subsequent chapters by emphasizing canonical correlation analysis, cluster analysis, factor analysis, principal component analysis, multinomial logistic regression, and multiple linear discriminant analysis. The following chapters will highlight the various methodologies used in soil research.

    As we explore Canonical correlation analysis, Chapter III takes us on an international journey that includes the Tirunelveli district and the United States from 1964 to 2011. This chapter explores the interactions between crop fertilizers and primary nutrient content, illustrating the complexity of agricultural practices and soil management.

    Chapter IV takes us to the village of Muthur in 2020–2021, where Canonical Correlation Analysis, Principal Component Analysis, and Factor Analysis combine to reveal the complex web of soil properties. The flexibility of these statistical models in determining soil composition is demonstrated in this    chapter.

    The crucial problem of dimensionality reduction in soil attribute databases is covered in Chapter V. This chapter presents practical methods for managing and enhancing the insight of complicated data by applying numerous linear discriminant analyses.

    Applying Multinomial Logistic regression, Chapter VI takes a predictive turn. Here, we develop regression models to categorize the soil pH, an essential step in understanding the health of the soil and its compatibility with various agricultural practices.

    Finally, Chapter VII summarizes the significant discoveries, insightful conclusions, and illuminating directions for future research in soil parameter analysis as the conclusion of our voyage.

    Each part of this study advances knowledge of the complex world under our feet, where soil properties are crucial to agriculture, ecology, and environmental research. We believe this work will be a valuable tool for academics, teachers, and professionals in soil science, encouraging additional research and innovation in environmentally responsible soil management.

  • Innovations in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of  Microbiology and Biotechnology. The contributions by the authors include water pollution, secondary metabolites, heavy metals, agricultural organic wastes, antimicrobial sensitivity testing, bacteremia, microorganisms, bloodstream infection, biodegradation, plastic accumulation, acetyl choline esterase activity, cryptococcal meningitis, epidemiology, HIV infection, human fungal infections, biopotentials, fungal diversity, submerge fermentation, microflora, grain fermentation, foodborne illnesses, endophytic bacteria, microbiome. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  Microbiology and Biotechnology.

  • Advanced Concepts in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 12

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical research. The contributions by the authors include irrational use, antibiotics, antibiotic resistance, pediatrics, medulloblastoma, BET-HDAC inhibitors, gene transcription, MYC amplification, diabetes mellitus, diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, hyperglycemic crisis, nephropathy, neuropathy, coronary artery disease, peripheral arterial disease, cerebrovascular accidents, chlorophenoxy herbicides, alkaline diuresis, herbicide intoxication, labyrinthine fistula, cholesteatoma matrix, stibular system, cholesteatoma, facial nerve preservation, Infective endocarditis, positron emission tomography, valve prosthesis, transthoracic echocardiography, atherosclerosis, hyperinsulinemia, serum levels of triglycerides, phytochemicals, subacromial impingement syndrome, shoulder impingement syndrome, pathomechanics, assessment, management, physiotherapy, oxidative stress, fibrosis, C-reactive protein, body mass index, obstructive sleep apnea, antioxidant capacity, metalloproteinases, antioxidant strength, membrane-bound enzymes, childhood caries. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical research.

  • Innovations in Science and Technology Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of Science and Technology. The contributions by the authors include coarse woolen fabric, enzyme treatment, physical and colourfastness properties, protease enzyme and acid dye, plant residues, microorganisms, Ricebean accessions, genotypes, seedling traits, susceptibility index, job satisfaction, Gill’s electronic theory, renewable energy, magnetism, electrical engineering, decentralization, acoustic pollution, acoustic disturbances, Ginzburg-landau equations, accurate symbolic solution, Real-time collaboration, BIM models, waveguide feed, linear and circular polarization. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Science and Technology.

  • Research Advances in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of microbiology and biotechnology. The contributions by the authors include biosurfactant, lipase production, microbial lipase, hydrocarbons, fermentation, organic matter degradability, microbial biomass synthesis, biosynthesis, chronic diseases, pharmacological properties, anti-neuropathic pain, immunomodulatory, therapeutical potential, free fatty acids, primary postharvest processing, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, artificial intelligence, machine learning, genetic diversity, transmission-blocking vaccine, polymorphism, malaria parasites, microorganism, spectrum antibiotics, quorum sensing, biofilm formation, relative water content, stomatal conductance, moisture stress, agricultural cropping system, water stress, draught stress, nosocomial infections, active efflux pump system, antibiotic policy, microorganism, antibiogram, drug-resistant pathogens, symptomatic treatment, chemical molecules, prophylaxis, Microbial identification, metabolites, bacterial confirmation, disease diagnosis. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of microbiology and biotechnology.

  • Recent Advances in Mathematical Research and Computer Science Vol. 10

    This book covers key areas of Mathematical Research and Computer Science. The contributions by the authors include Stochastic differential equations, Malliavin calculus, Euler scheme for delay SDE’s, integration by parts, densities of distributions, Intelligent transportation systems, big data, semantic analysis, opinion mining, information retrieval, Fuzzy quad topology, fuzzy open set, metric space, orbital admissible mapping, Geraghty contraction, prime distance graphs, prime distance labeling, distinct prime distance labeling, arbitrary topological space, Monte Carlo method, boundary value problems, stochastic differential equations, Non-commutative spaces, ordinary differential equations, mathematics, intrinsic non-commutatively, Thurston's conjecture, Fibonacci Sequence, Lucas Sequence, golden Proportion, prime number, hydrogen fine structure, quantum computer code,  Uni-Phi-ed Theory of Mathematics, Differential transform algorithm, system of linear and nonlinear equations. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Mathematical Research and Computer Science.

  • Astaxantin from Shrimp Waste

    In the vast expanse of Indonesia, the shrimp processing industry has long thrived, prominently featuring the Vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and the tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon). These celebrated shrimp species contribute significantly to the nation's culinary landscape and generate a copious amount of by-products. Traditionally relegated to uses such as petis, terasi, and animal feed, these by-products conceal a nutritional treasure trove, notably distinguished by their rich astaxanthin content. Astaxanthin, a member of the xanthophyll family, can be extracted from shrimp-processing waste.

    This book embarks on a comprehensive exploration of the extraction of astaxanthin from the by-products of both Vannamei and tiger shrimp. The focus is not merely on extraction methodologies but on astaxanthin's intrinsic antioxidant potential for human health. The journey begins with an insightful literature review, thoroughly understanding the existing knowledge landscape. Astaxanthin, sourced from shrimp by-products, emerges as a potent antioxidant, and our primary goal is to disseminate this knowledge, shedding light on the extraction methods and their efficacy.

    As we traverse the intricate landscape of astaxanthin extraction, our literature review underscores three distinct methodologies: oil extraction, chemical extraction, and high-pressure extraction. The pursuit of knowledge leads us to the revelation that while the ethanol solvent method stands out for its efficiency, high-pressure extraction (HPE) emerges as the most promising avenue for obtaining astaxanthin of superior quality. This method, leveraging high pressure within a brief timeframe, surpasses conventional efficiency and product purity techniques.

    The implications of our findings extend beyond the extraction methods; they illuminate the potential of astaxanthin as a formidable antioxidant. The antioxidant activity of astaxanthin, derived from both Vannamei and tiger shrimp, is equally potent. Understanding its dual function of scavenging free radicals and regulating antioxidant enzymes opens avenues for future research. Our quest culminates in a call for further research endeavours, mainly focusing on high-pressure extraction, to unlock a substantial quantity of astaxanthin extract swiftly and with a high degree of purity from Vannamei and tiger shrimp by-products.

    In essence, 'Astaxanthin from Shrimp Waste' invites readers on a scientific journey, unravelling the untapped potential within shrimp by-products and paving the way for a deeper comprehension of astaxanthin's role in enhancing human health.

  • New Innovations in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of Chemistry and Biochemistry. The contributions by the authors include water soluble zinc, heterocyclic compounds, antifungal Schiff base, urinary infections, multiple sclerosis, brain atrophy, myelin oliodendrocytes, autoimmunity, herbal medicines, biological activities, toxicity, schiff base complexes, antimicrobial properties, catalytic activities, Biosynthesis, crop breeding, tocopherol derivatives, high-performance liquid chromatography, Total phenolic compounds, medicinal plants, sol-gel method, halophyte plants, nutrition value, biodiesels, Flavonoid content, nversion and mutarotation, carbohydrates, organic compounds. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Chemistry and Biochemistry.

  • Theory and Applications of Engineering Research Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of engineering research. The contributions by the authors include hydraulic jump, energy loss, land irrigation, stream turbulence, unsaturated shear strength, soil index properties, matric suction, regression analysis, predictive models, matric suction, quantum theory, machine learning, Quantum machine learning, molecular biology, cryptography, geopolymerization, gas absorption, compression strength, hydrocarbons, microbial spoilage, drying kinetics, moisture diffusion, cavitation index, energy dissipation, numerical modelling, stepped spillway, turbulence model, MIMO system, ZF uplink, time division duplexing, cellular networks, energy efficiency, spectral efficiency, atmospheric data, global change, atmospheric mercury, graphical user interface, osteoarthritis, magnetic resonance imaging, support vector machine, knee injuries, machine learning-based knee OA detection system. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of engineering research.

  • Novel Perspectives of Engineering Research Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of Engineering Research. The contributions by the authors include Fly ash filled foamed epoxy polymer concrete, mechanical and thermal properties, Fourier Transformed Infra-Red Spectroscopy, Access control, authentication, cloud computing, cloud data security, virtual machines security,  transmission power level, rate capacity, Animal bone, hardness, pack carburization, periwinkle shell, snail shell, Direction of arrival estimation, compressive sensing, covariance matrix, virtual linear array,  exit hydraulic gradient, earth dam, seepage, finite elements method, Dowel, European yield model, tropical timber, wood connection, Hydrostatic pressure, draw down, factor of safety, failure, slope stability, Crushed concrete, square footing, fine aggregates,  finite element analysis, Alcoholic beverages bottling, automatic dosing, liquid free surface detection, open source programable boards, solar radiation, desert aerosol, and  photovoltaic field. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Engineering Research.

  • Isolation and Phytochemical Identification of Antibacterial Bioactive Components

    Moringa oleifera Lam. is known in vernacular as Sahjna belongs to a single genus family Moringaceae which has fourteen species. It is a beautiful ornamental tree which is native of the sub-Himalayan tract of Indo-Pakistan subcontinent and is now widely cultivated in Asia, Africa and tropical parts of the world. It is a multipurpose tree as its various parts are used as fodder, herbal medicine, spices, food, natural coagulants, nector for bees, fuel and fertilizer. Present observations suggested that the methanolic extracts of the M. oleifera posse’s compounds with antibacterial properties which can be used as lead molecules for drug discovery in oral medicine. In this contest the selected plant extract and isolated compounds on plaque bacteria is more appropriate and helpful in synthesizing the plant based biobactericides to reduce the pathogen population.  

    Essential oils contain a complex mixture of odorous and volatile compounds from secondary plant metabolism. The volatile oil of cinnamon, clove and tea tree was active against all the microorganisms. GC-MS analysis of the oil extract showed eugenol and caryo-phyllene as the major constituents from clove oil. Cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, and caryo-phyllene are known to possess antibacterial and antifungal properties. Hence the antibacterial properties demonstrated by the clove oil extract can be attributed to the compounds identified. These results suggested that the cinnamon and clove oil possess compounds with antibacterial properties which can be used as lead molecules for drug discovery in oral medicine. In this contest the selected plant extract, isolated compounds and oil on plaque bacteria is more appropriate and helpful in synthesizing the plant based biobactericides to reduce the pathogen population. This will also offer a great help in facing the emergence spread of antimicrobial resistance.

  • Research Aspects in Biological Science Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of Biological Science. The contributions by the authors include agarwood assential natural oil, water distillation, biomass, antioxidant, biodiversity hotspot, dietary supplements, food crops, micron resolution, low-cost plant science diagnostic tool, haematology, probiotic bacteria, zinc pollutants, allelopathy, germination, phytotoxic effect, anti inflammatory activity, antioxidant activity, ultra-weak radiation, electromagnetic wave, Necrosis, histological alterations, chick embryo, anti-angiogenesis, blood vessel. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Biological Science.

  • Research Advances and Challenges in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of agricultural sciences. The contributions by the authors include crop canopy, simulation models, rain-fed crop production, irrigation management, agrochemical inputs, crop productivity, resistant genotypes, salt stress, cytokinin synthesis genes, leaf senescence, silicon fertilization, entisols, integrated crop management practices, phosphorus deficiency, chickpea yield, genetic diversity, banana cultivation, crop diversification, farmyard manure,  vermicompost, crop health, microbial population, crop development, organic manure, aerobic irrigation, intercropping system, biofertilizer, NPK fertilizers, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, rice intensification, fertigation, agro-techniques, drip technology, integrated pest management, nutrition management, canopy management, heat stress, animal health, cattle husbandry, starchy food crops, cassava- based foods, drip irrigation; fertilizer application, crop performance. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of agricultural sciences.

  • Immune Mechanistic Interventions for Immune Modulation and Boosting

    The first edition of the monograph on “Immune mechanistic interventions for immune modulation and boosting” deals with the basics of immune response and the impact on human health and the prevention of communicable and non-communicable diseases. This monograph is a bird’s view of the response to pathogen. The true impact of autoimmunity is more fully appreciated than ever and we now recognize that inflammation plays a major role in many diseases like cancer and viral diseases as well. It also discusses important infectious diseases, using an organ system approach.

    These challenges demand a redoubled effort to more fully understand the basis of the immune response and to learn how it can be mobilized or inhibited. Innovative approaches for the development of new vaccines are needed. The monograph quickly acquaints readers with natural immune responses manifesting in diseases and disorders. The book presents a complete picture of natural defenses to infectious agents, as well as the mechanisms that lead to autoimmune dysfunction. In addition, it examines sulphated polysaccharides and natural immune modulators which enable to boost immunity. The monograph is aimed at researchers, postgraduates, or any scientifically inclined reader interested in immunology. No prior expertise in medical, biochemical, or cellular science is needed to benefit from the clear presentation of immunology concepts in this book.

    I welcome comments by readers of this monograph for ways to improve the book and to increase its value. Such suggestions will be seriously considered in the preparation of subsequent editions.

  • Current Innovations in Chemical and Materials Sciences Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of chemical and materials sciences. The contributions by the authors include fuel cells, solar cells, electrolytes, polymers, antistatic additives, environmental pollution, volatile organic solvents, water electrolysis, biofuels, dermal absorption, aromatic hydrocarbons, atmospheric pollutants, macromolecule, copolymerization, synthetic polymer, aromatic diols, cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical synthesis, biomedical applications, biomaterials, sericulture, elastic properties, low-alloy steel, heat treatment, structural stability, martensitic phase, phase transformation, impulse excitation technique, aluminum alloys, corrosion resistance, hydrogen embrittlement; high-entropy alloy, atomic fraction, microstructural evolution, palm pressed fibre, fibre-reinforced polymer, high-density polyethylene, waste fishery, biopolymers, polycationic polymer, glycosidic bonds. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of chemical and materials sciences.

  • New Horizons in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of Medicine and Medical Research. The contributions by the authors include rheumatoid arthritis, gene expression, Chinese traditional medicine, pro-inflammatory gene expression, physical stress, heart rate variability, insomnia, Non-drug therapy, plasma physical therapy, corona virus, co morbidity, antisocial tendency, elastography, ultrasonography, telemedicine, right ventricular remodeling, pulmonary valve, pulmonary stenosis, polycystic kidney disease, hyponatremia, renal osteodystrophy, anemia, carcinogenesis, DNA damage, apoptosis, SUMO pathway, cancer, post-translational modification, SUMO protease, blood/necrotic tissue pollution, epigenetics, histone deacetylase inhibitors, histone deacetylase inhibitors, endogenous oestrogen, pregnancy, neurohumoral factors, electromagnetic  forces, tissue metabolism, cancer genesis, clinical pathology, microbial etiology, prognostic factors, septic shock, severe community-acquired pneumonia, pulmonary hypertension, echocardiography, cardiopulmonary bypass, cardiac surgery, laparostomy, intra-abdominal hypertension, abdominal compartment syndrome, temporary abdominal closure, morbidity, colorectal adenocarcinoma, mucinous adenocarcinoma, signet ring colorectal carcinoma, classical adenocarcinoma, lymphovascular invasion, communication, surgery. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  Medicine and Medical Research.

  • Advanced Concepts in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of pharmaceutical research. The contributions by the authors include diabetes mellitus, lipid profile, anthropometric parameters, habitual consumption, solid dosage form, drug administration, orally dissolving tablet, oral cavity, nanoparticle, secondary metabolites, agro-waste, animal proteins, macronutrients, diabetic nephropathy, autoimmune destruction, peripheral neuropathy, insulin resistance, fluoride toxicity, glomerular filtration, dental fluorosis, hormonal imbalance, polycystic ovary syndrome, phytochemical analysis, signaling molecules, metabolic disorders, glucose stimulation, Biomaterials, tissue engineering, bone regeneration, 3-D and 4-D bioprinting, macrophages, hepatoprotective activity, hepatotoxicity, liver disease, ayurvedic treatment, pharmacovigilance, AYUSH drugs, adverse drug reactions, traditional medicine, ASU medications, mouth dissolving tablets, angiotensin-converting enzyme, silver nanoparticles, one pot synthesis, organic surfactants, colorimetric sensors, cytoblastin, antitumor properties, vinka alkaloids, synthetic molecules, biological fluids, nanoparticle, radiosensitization, microdosimetry, theory of dual radiation action, Auger electron, Monte Carlo simulation, proximity function, relative biological effectiveness. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of pharmaceutical research.

  • Indonesian Cuscuses (Diprotodontia: Phalangeridae): Status and Perspective

    The interest of wildlife conservation grows every year along with increasing concerns over the destruction of biodiversity and increasing awareness of the ecosystem which has led to new debates about human- nature relations. Understanding these modern principles of sustainable wildlife conservation management requires in-depth knowledge of wild animal behavior, demographics and ecosystem dynamics. The process of wildlife management includes the influence of interactions between same- type and / or different types of wild animals, their habitats, and interaction with humans to achieve predetermined impacts. It is our hope to try to balance the needs of wildlife with human needs using the best available science. Thus, the scope of wildlife conservation is very broad, not only animal maintenance and pest control, laws and regulations but also the socio-cultural aspects of the community. The objectives of wildlife management are, among others, to stop the loss of Earth's biodiversity, by taking into account ecological principles (supporting capacity and carrying capacity, disturbance and succession, and environmental conditions such as physical geography, pedology, hydrology, etc.). As academicians, of course we are not only concerned about the increasing number of extinct wild animals but we must take concrete actions to conserve wildlife such as the socialization of protected animals and wildlife protection laws to the public but also by strengthening research and publication in the form of books, journals, leaflets and news disseminated on social media, even to the establishment of wildlife study centers and the development of protected wildlife conservation programmes. Thus, the Forest Management Study Program, Postgraduate of Pattimura University published a book entitled: Indonesian Cuscuses (Diprotodontia: Phalangeridae): Status and Perspective. The writing of this book involved various authors who have competence in Cuscus research such as from LIPI, Jendral Soedirman University (Java) and researchers from endemic habitats such as Sulawesi (Sam Ratulangi University), Maluku (Pattimura University) and Papua (Papua University)).

    Cuscus conservation efforts in the form of prohibition of hunting and consumption of meat because it is classified as a protected wild animal is quite difficult to implement because it is related to the economy-socio- culture of the community. In the socio-cultural life of the community, one of the last bastions in supporting efforts to preserve wildlife in their natural habitat is their traditional local wisdom. Exploring the value of traditional wisdom in animal hunting is useful to support the current globalizing wildlife conservation program at the local level. Some of the things that are considered part of the traditional wisdom of the community include, for example, carrying out hunting activities using traditional hunting tools, the belief that there are sacred places where hunting activities are not permitted, the prohibition of hunting for certain animal species that are considered symbols, emblems or totems of certain ethnic groups. There are also taboos according to religion or culture that regulate the hunting of certain types of animals, including Cuscus. In the interaction between humans and wildlife, the use of animals by humans is part of a natural cycle that also affects the condition of animal populations in nature. In the context of hunting activities, this relationship also illustrates the ethical conservation practices adopted by the local community as part of their use of existing natural resources. In fact, the cultural approach as a basis for encouraging conservation efforts at the local level is very effective. This is due to the existence of the Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK), which has a close correlation with natural resource management. Currently, the hunt for Cuscus is still ongoing and there has been no concrete action to stop it. Legal regulations have been made, but law enforcement is still not running properly. If the hunting of Cuscus is only carried out by indigenous people to meet their protein needs, it is not really that worrying because they are wise in hunting Cuscus using their local wisdom. The most crucial issue is that if the hunting of Cuscus is resulted in Cuscus being sold to the city, then the hunting of Cuscus will increase and become uncontrolled. Especially if there is an illegal market that sells Cuscus and other wildlife. If this happens continuously and there is no strategy and proper control method then Cuscus will become extinct from its habitat. Thus, this book was made so that it could be used by various parties to prevent the extinction of the Cuscus by means of in-situ and ex-situ conservation measures.

  • Contemporary Perspective on Science, Technology and Research Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of science, technology and research. The contributions by the authors include inner speech, imagined speech, EEG decoding, brain-computer interface, wavelet scattering transformation, Internet systems, internet protocol address, IP address depletion, coal waste dumps, combustion, photosynthesis, solar radiation, electromagnetic radiation, thermoelectric generators, floating roller peel test, adhesive joints, cohesive-zone modelling, peel strength, numerical modelling, periodontal therapy, optical cavity, electromagnetic resonance, medical-technical development, Stochastic volatility, Heston model, biostatistics, colonialism, safety compliance, employees’ perception, safety management system, emergency planning, occupational safety, radionuclides, radioactive source, mountain ecosystems, anthropogenic impacts, radiological safety, on-ground energy supply, hybrid-electric aircraft, airport infrastructure, sustainable aviation, aircraft systems. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of science, technology and research.

  • Candidate Selection and Hiring

    An introduction to the basics human recourse with special focus on candidate selection and hiring is an attempt to highlight what you as a graduate engineering students need to know about Human Resource Management before you leave the campus to join the corporate world. You as engineering, when you climb up on organization ladder, will require dealing partially with machine and largely with people around you. Selecting and being selected is a common phenomenon of human life so there are perpetual possibilities of wrong selection both by the selectees and selectors. Human resource management comprises the formal systems designed to manage people for the performance of the company with the inclusive and individual talent, skill and organizational culture. In order to acquaint the graduating students about the selection the present book deals with the basis of human resource management that is the candidate section processes along with changes and intricacies involved in it.

  • Current Perspective to Physical Science Research Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of physical science research. The contributions by the authors include attractive-repulsive vector-tensor theories, gravity theories, spherical symmetry, general relativity, lambda cold dark matter model, viscosity, surface tension, refractive index, gas chromatography, intramolecular power, potential energy functions, kinetic energy, electromagnetic modeling, magnetic flux density, superconducting magnets, scalar magnetic potential, boundary conditions, coefficient of thermal expansion, dielectric mixture formulae, gas turbines, combined cycle unit, thermal power plants, generation model; parity violation, Einstein’s general theory, relativity theory, quantum theory, particle physics, Jets and outflows, winds-outflows, radiation mechanisms, Lorentz/Poincaré transform, Terell-Penrose rotation, analogue modelling; anisotropy paradox; azimuthal geoelectric measurements; fissure direction determination; pluri-directional fissure system. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of physical science research.

  • New Horizons in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of Medicine and Medical Research. The contributions by the authors include Mesenchymal stromal cells, amniotic fluid mesenchymal stromal cells, amniotic fluid stem cells, osteogenesis, bone regeneration, Gallbladder carcinoma, porcelain gallbladder, TNM staging, Gastric carcinoma, Pelger-Huët anomaly, pseudo-Pelger-Huët anomaly, dysplastic neutrophils, Leptospirosis, Antidiabetic agent, prescribing pattern, diabetes mellitus, drug utilization,  stress, anxiety,  concentration bleach, Auramine – Rhodamine, formaline fixed tissue, anatomy, self-motivation, belongingness, violence, prevention, racism, esophagus, Point-of-care ultrasound , Diabetic retinopathy severity, antioxidant therapy, endonasal electrophoresis, nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy, blood flow velocities, resistivity index, Frozen section, thyroid nodules,  Posterior capsular cataract, phacoemulsification, cataract complications, posterior capsular rupture, anterior segment optical coherence tomography, Cross-linking, keratoconus, phototherapeutic keratectomy, Pseudoexfoliation, ischemic and non-ischemic central retinal vein occlusion, branch retinal vein occlusion, glaucoma, Intravitreal injection, proparacaine, ropivacaine, Cardiac arrhythmias, wolff-parkinson-white pattern,  interdisciplinary discrepancies, Acute myeloid leukemia, myeloid sarcoma, myeloperoxidase, chronic myeloid leukemia, granulocytic sarcoma, Portal vein thrombosis, Polycythaemia vera, Budd-Chairi syndrome, Pregnancy, maternal age, maternal satisfaction, Emergency cervical cerclage, cervical incompetence, bulging fetal membranes, cervical dilatation, Nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy, diabetic retinopathy, capilaropathy, laser photocoagulation, panretinal photocoagulation laser, pascal laser, vitrectomy, oral feeding, spinal anaesthesia, bowel function, and  gastrointestinal complication.  This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Medicine and Medical Research.

  • Advanced Research in Biological Science Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of biological science. The contributions by the authors include biomass productivity, cost estimation, microalgae, animal feed, biochemical conversions, polygamodioecious, andromonoecious, facultative apomixis, floral diversity, solid lipid nanoparticles, vulvovaginal candidiasis, vaginal drug delivery system, periodic acid schiff, tunica submucosa, tunica serosa, mammal oviducts, microorganisms, petiolar anatomy, plant taxonomy, taxonomic treatments, nosocomial infections, antimicrobial resistance, antibiotic therapy, gene mutation, feed supplements, antibacterial activity, biochemical characteristics, colony features, parasitism, metabolites, symbiotic relationships, phytoremediation, heavy metal stress, cytogenetics. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of biological science.

  • New Innovations in Economics, Business and Management Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of Economics, Business and Management. The contributions by the authors include Integrated Performance Management System, Intellectual Capital , Strategic Management Accounting , Small and Medium Enterprises , Systems of Innovation , Integrated New Model ,  time management, procrastination, self management, productivity, Public financial management, auditing, service delivery, Information technology capability, market share, organizational culture, oil and gas marketing firms,   dropout rate, school budgets, economic instrument,  financial technology, financial environment ,financial services,  entrepreneurial encouragement,   entrepreneurship course, entrepreneur incubators, Manufacturing, business cycle, peak load pricing, cutthroat competition, workable competition,  cost curves, Multinational firms, TOWS approach, interconnectivity, NORDIC model, employment, exports, poverty reduction,  investment, trade,  Cloud computing, digital economy, and e-commerce. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Economics, Business and Management.

  • Advanced Concepts in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 11

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical research. The contributions by the authors include female infertility, selective tubal catheterization, pregnancy rate, tubal function, salpingography, hysterosalpingography, musculoskeletal disorders, morbidity, Intrathoracic rib, supernumerary rib, intercostals fusion, axial skeleton, cholangiocarcinoma, herbal medicine, anticancer activity, hepatic malignancy, congenital intrahepatic biliary stones, metastatic disease, chemotherapeutics, tumoroids, tumor growth, fibroblasts, cancer-associated fibroblasts, carcinoma cell-based extracellular matrix, cytokines, clinical exposure, psychomotor, Bohlman technique, rialto implant, spondylolisthesis, porokeratosis of Mibelli, cornoid lamella, squamous cell carcinoma, pseudoepitheliomatous changes, HADHA gene, mutation, mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency, fatty acid oxidation disorder, neuromuscular disease, neuropathy, neuromyopathy, Otic ganglion; pterygopalatine ganglion, ciliary ganglion, submandibular ganglion, cranial parasympathetic fibers, anatomical models, cadaveric specimens, mental health, competency-based medical education, specific learning objectives, CBME strategies, rare autoimmune disease, retinal detachment, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease, central nervous system. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical research.

  • Emerging Trends in Disease and Health Research Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of Disease and Health Research. The contributions by the authors include Hypertension, micronutrients, periodontitis, peroxidative damage, reactive oxygen species, Leishmaniasis, health professionals, peripheral management,  Physical assessments, medical curricula,  Caloric efficiency, obesity, hypertension, brown adipose tissue, congenic rodent model, Tuberculosis, COVID-19,  droplet infections, pneumonia, stress,  Hyperlipidemia, curry leaves, cardiovascular diseases, low-density lipoprotein, coronary heart diseases, Health equity, maternal & child health, universal health coverage, Case based learning , Multiple choice questions , clinical reasoning, Type 1 diabetes, Dental plaque, caries risk assessment, Fasting,  gastroenterology, nutrition,  Breathing exercises, mechanism of breathing, muscle of breathing, inspiratory muscle training,  Psyllium, ispaghula, anaphylaxis, occupational allergy, Maternal malnutrition, neonatal mortality rate, perinatal care, and  Circadian rhythm. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Disease and Health Research.

  • Progress in Language, Literature and Education Research Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of language, literature and education. The contributions by the authors include psychological explanations, linguistic and educational practice, cultural diversity, ethnic diversity, feminist, cocoon regime, traditional masculine norms, Islamic religious law, cognitive domain, social domain, Greek educational system, student-centered approach, student-centered environment, student centeredness, occupational stress, job dissatisfaction, job stress, learning trajectory, scaffolding, conceptual learning, policy statement, implementing stakeholders, educational reform, learning intervention model, organizational change and learning, professional development, strategic management, plagiarism, academic dishonesty. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of language, literature and education.

  • Public Finance and Taxation in Kenya: Tools and Theories at the Service of Citizens

    This book covers Public Finance and Taxation. Under Public Finance, this book covers the nature and functions of public finance, sources of government revenue, and public expenditure. This book also covers the national budget, the National Treasury, and theories of public expenditure. Under Taxation, this book covers Taxation and its theories, taxable income, Taxation of individuals and non-individuals, co-operatives and clubs and members associations, assessments, and objections and appeals. It also covers capital gain, value-added tax, and tax administration. Finally, this book provides the legal authorities upon which it is based. Thus, the Tax Procedure Act 2015, the Tax Appeals Tribunal Act, the Kenya Revenue Authority Act, the Value Added Tax Act 2013, and the income Tax Act are provided. This book is based on current Acts and contains materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in public finance, Taxation, and economics.

  • Contemporary Perspective on Science, Technology and Research Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of science, technology and research. The contributions by the authors include littoral drift, shields parameter, tidal prism, cobble armoring, medication optimization, healthcare transformation, electronic health records (EHRs), medication reconciliation tools, Discovery Protocol, Address Resolution Protocol, MAC address, wireless network connection, ethernet, ultrawideband, indoor localization, Newton-Raphson, Gauss-Newton, steepest descent iteration, UWB remote innovation, Boost converter, CUK converter, electric vehicle, Solar PV, torque ripple, solar energy, rural wastewater, pollution parameters, treatment technologies, reuse of purified wastewater, environmental degradation, industrial revolution, education 4.0, learning environments, artificial intelligence, machine learning, data science, Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks, cryptographic text, cloud storage, sewage water treatment plant, GPRS technology, internet of things, augmented reality; virtual reality; mixed reality; construction industry; immersive technology. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of science, technology and research.

  • Challenges and Advances in Chemical Science Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of Chemical Science. The contributions by the authors include Magnetite nanoparticles, metal adsorption , adsorption isotherm, Crystal growth, X-ray diffraction, optical properties, Centrifugation method, crude coconut oil,  grated coconut meat, low-pressure oil extraction, virgin coconut oil, Stability-indicating, dienogest, formulation, Anticancer activity, Copper(II) complex, MDA-MB-231 cell line, Thiosemicarbazone, Solid supported reagents, oxidative bromination, alkenes, dibromocompounds, heterogeneous conditions, International harmonized analytical method, acetamiprid,  and high-performance liquid chromatography. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Chemical Science.

  • Advanced Concepts in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical research. The contributions by the authors include cardiovascular pathologies, climatic variations, morbidity and mortality, leiomyosarcoma, mandibular gingival, oral cavity, pseudo sarcomatous, metastasis, medical education, medical curriculum, learning assessments, teaching and learning resources, anxiety disorders, serotonin reuptake inhibitors, panic disorder, contact dermatitis, hypersensitivity, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, renal calculi, nephrolithotomy, nephroscopy, Craniovertebral junction, CVJ anomalies, vertebral fusion defects, OS odontoideum, atlantoaxial subluxation, breast cancer, achromatopsia, molecular genetics, fundoscopy, phototransduction, photoreceptors, phototransduction, oncological therapeutics, tumor microenvironment, thrombocythemia, myeloproliferative neoplasm, myelofibrosis, thrombocythemia, immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, next generation ICI, primary myelofibrosis. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical research.

  • Nanomaterials and Their Characterization Techniques for Catalysis

    In biological and industrial processes, catalysis is critical. With the introduction of nanosciences, the bottom-up strategy has obviously surpassed the top-down technique, rendering this traditional frontier obsolete. As a result, the molecular approach is now the most useful for developing selective and efficient heterogeneous catalysts that can be removed from reaction fluids and reused. Nanocrystals with sizes ranging from one to a few nanometers have the highest catalytic efficiency, but their support is crucial for synergistic substrate activation. Therefore, this book is timely in bringing together the top experts in catalysis from both the homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis fields, who have envisioned a wide range of synthetic methods to catalytically active transition metal NPs and their derivatives.

    Thus the first part of the book (Chapter I) deals with NP catalysis, emphasizing the key role of NP supports; the second part (Chapter II) concerns specific metals (namely Pd, Ru, Ir and Au), and the last part (Chapter III) focuses on specific substrates of particular interest for organic chemistry, hydrocarbon reforming and environmental aspects.

    I am deeply grateful to faculty and reviewers who have suggested changes for this book. We strongly believe that this book will greatly catalyze research in this key field in the forthcoming years for the benefit of our Society. Have a nice read!

  • Research and Applications Towards Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of mathematics and computer science. The contributions by the authors include braid groups, conjugacy classes, isomorphism problem, cryptosystems, Data compression, wireless sensor networks, Rice Golomb coding, MARGC algorithm, topology control, clustering, self-oganizing map, neural gas, Fuzzy C-Means, colour mapping, NG visualization, machine learning, Jaccard function, cosine similarity, artificial intelligence, spectral local linearization method, viscosity, Arrhenius model, Eckert number, Water-copper nanoparticles, permeable channel, nonlinear radiative heat flux, convective boundary conditions, Maxwell nanofluids, spinning system, Fulati-Suranjan formulae, Babylonian mathematicians, Probir's Constant, blast domination number, triple connected graph, bootstrap; markov chain monte carlo, Bayesian method, variance-covariance structure, Hausman test; random effects model, fixed effects model; least squares dummy variable. block design; incidence matrix; binary design; ternary designs; connected design; variance balanced design, incidence matrix; super saturated design, customer segmentation, machine learning. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of mathematics and computer science.

  • Culture, Idioms and Translation

    This book on Culture, Idioms and Translation has its origin in a series of researches on translation approaches to English idioms from cultural perspective. It is hoped to cast some enlightenment on further research in this area and it is believed that further research and more explorations in this field will be worthy and necessary.

  • Revolutionizing Urban Growth: Exploring Novel Theories and Models for Integrated Development of Industries and Cities (IDIC)

    Since the establishment of a city, it has formed a close relationship with industries.  However, isolation and separation between the city and industries emerge during its development. If this problem is not well solved, the city may go bankrupt.  Therefore, the integration of industries and cities has become a new and major problem that needs to be carefully studied during the "urban society" period. The integrated development of industries and cities (IDIC) refers to the cooperation and benign interaction between industries and cities in the urbanization process, jointly promoting the sustainable and healthy development of the city, the progress of modern civilization and the quality improvement people's life.

    In recent years, studies on IDIC are relatively scarce. To fill this gap, promote IDIC in China, and provide suggestions for IDIC as much as possible, the author wrote this book with Chongqing as an example.

    This book is divided into 4 chapters. Chapter 1 mainly elaborates cities and industries, including the essence, structure, function, scale of cities, and the intension, characteristics, classification and extension of cities.Chapter 2 mainly discusses the cases of IDIC in foreign countries and their characteristics, so as to provide reference for China's urban development. Chapter 3 analyzes the overall situation of IDIC, in which in-depth discussion and analysis from the general situation, development practice, existing problems and development mode of China's urbanization are carried out. As the last chapter of this book, chapter 4 studies the cases of IDIC in China. Limited to the author's own learning and research experience, this chapter chooses Chongqing as an example to discuss the model innovation and countermeasures for IDIC in China. It mainly includes the analysis of the current situation of IDIC, the model and policy system of IDIC, and the countermeasures to promote IDIC in Chongqing.

    In general, this book is informative, logical, theoretical. It keeps pace with the times, and strives to establish a basic theoretical system from basic concepts.  Meanwhile, combined with some latest cases, this book stimulates readers' interest in reading and enhances their understanding of the theory and innovation model of IDIC.

    The author is Guo Libin, a teacher of Chongqing University of Education, who has been studying regional economic development, urban development and industrial policy for a long time, and has rich theoretical and practical experience. The research results of the author have won high-level scientific research awards and the author has published more than 20 academic papers.

    This book aims to propose a new research idea and method to guide readers in their further research.  The writing and publishing of this book has been strongly supported, encouraged and assisted by some experts and scholars in the fields of Internet technology and related fields. The author hereby expresses her heartfelt gratitude.  This book has also quoted some of the latest research results and references in relevant fields. It is the hard work and bold exploration of scholars and practitioners that have produced this book. The author would like to express her sincere gratitude to the authors of the referenced literatures. Meanwhile, due to the limited ability of the author, there will still be omissions and shortcomings in the book or lack of theoretical permeability and strict measurement and analysis, although it has been repeatedly revised. Readers are kindly requested to correct them.

  • Drought, Sulphate Acidifications & Saline Intrusion in Mekong Delta, Caused by the Hydro-Electric Dams in Upstream of River, and Climate Change

    Nowadays, the scientific discoveries about the influence activities of humans, about phenomena such as the greenhouse effect, ozone depletion, bipolar melting, and sea-level rise making flood salted the coastal wet-land, drought or contrary, pouring rain. The extraordinary climate and extreme weather, the warming of the Earth crust ... collectively known as Climate Change (CC).

    Climate Change comes from the increasing emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. The 4th scientific report (2007) of the Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) showed that the CO2 concentration reached 397 ppm (parts per million of volume) in 2005 and now is reaching 450 ppm; with an increased average concentration of 1,4 ppm per year between 1960-2005 and 1,9 ppm per year from 1995 to 2005, now about 2,0 ppm.

    Scientists suppose that the phenomenon of global warming is happening worldwide. The statistics of the world average temperature show that in the last 600 years, the temperature has only started to increase gradually over 1 century -meaning, it started in the 1900s, at the same time as the industrial revolution. More and more scientists are convinced that the Earth is warming due to human-made. Climate Change (CC) will cause the Sea Level Rise (SLR) to higher and higher, in accompaniment with drought, gale, and exhausted rivers, which inevitably causes saline intrusion (SI). Deeper into the fields for low-lying areas.

  • Advanced Concepts in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 10

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical research. The contributions by the authors include Takayasu’s arteritis, tuberculosis, mycobacterium tuberculosis, Takayasu arteritis, immunosuppressive treatment, malignant cytology, malignancy, pleural fluid adenosine deaminase, medical thoracoscopy, pleural biopsy, pleural effusion, HCV infection, liver biopsy, platelet ratio index, hepatic fibrosis, inguinal hernia, conjoint tendon, depression, Body mass index, Beck depression scale, depressive disorders, anxiety disorder, resting tongue posture, crib appliance, tongue beads, malocclusion, myofunctional therapy, cataract surgery, ophthalmology, artificial intraocular lens, Behavioral therapy, sickle cell disease, pharmacological therapies, behavioral activation therapy, central nervous system, malignant neoplasms, neuroepithelial tumors, prostate cancer, adenocarcinoma, lymph nodes, cancer metastasis, neuroendocrine, microbiome, DNA methylation, histone acetylation, mental disease, medical education, practice medicine, iron deficiency anemia, gynaecological disorder, pseudo allergy. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical research.

  • Discovering what the Nature has Reserved to Us

    We are blessed to have the nature that is capable to respond to the human security issues. The humans destroyed the nature at huge extent but it didn't destroy them as they did. However, if people continue, the nature will react and this will affect the humans. People were given the time to correct the committed mistakes but most of them don't care, that is why the death will come from where the health is. In some past decades, our education system was not capable to explore the opportunities that we have in our nature. Our department of pharmacy focused at selling the medicines from abroad instead of making medicines using our medicinal plants. Our department of medicine didn't put efforts in promoting what many people call traditional medicine to put it at a modern level. People in Rwanda believe that the modern medicine is the one from abroad and they forget that we are able to develop our modern medicine using our resources and partner with others for a win-win purpose. The COVID-19 challenged many countries and it was a shame to us in many African countries to wait for vaccines to come from abroad. Why couldn't we make our own? Why should we believe that others will help us before their people? What do they use to make the vaccines that we don't have here in Africa? Why have we been happy to receive instant of giving? We lack the consistency in our medical and medicinal industries. We have a lot in nature including medicines and food but a little has been done in Africa to discover and use those resources. Our ancestors discovered the list of food from the wild but it was not exhaustive. It is sad that in the time the education seems to be developed, many people are not discovering the new food in the nature to respond to the human security issues and promote the one health system. This book shows you a list of some medicinal plants and I wish you to read it, think strategically and act locally to become a global citizen after succeeding in your country.

  • Recent Research Advances in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of arts and social studies. The contributions by the authors include capital punishment, death penalty, mass execution, Houthi Movement, financial transactions, educational system, Bhojpuri folk songs, psychology of worship, Mauritian Intangible Cultural Heritage, Geet-Gawai, Jane Austen's characters, Harding's critical method, Jung’s theory, natural hazards, social services, drug dealing, drug incarceration, systemic violence, market dynamics, psychopharmacological violence, Goldstein’s definition, crime-fighting tactics, and policing model, geographical indications, Indramayu batik, complexity perspective model, multiple levels analysis, team intervention strategies, organizational development and change, discursive legitimation, bibliometric analysis, legitimation strategies, social constructionism. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of arts and social studies.

  • Application of Multicomponent Reactions for the Synthesis of Diverse Heterocyclic Scaffolds

    With regard to the development of sustainable chemical methods, new reactions should proceed with cheap and easily available substrates, at best in a common apparatus giving a quantitative yield at a fast rate and 100% atom economy. Clearly, for multi-step synthetic procedures the number of reaction and purification steps are among the most important criteria for the efficiency and practicability of the process and should be as low as possible. Concerning to these aspects, multicomponent and domino reactions offer significant advantages. In the drug discovery process, MCR offers many advantages over traditional approaches. The advantages like minimum biproducts, ease of purification of product, less reaction time, construction of complex scaffolds in an easy manner and the atom economy principal are the specialties which make multicomponent reactions an attractive choice for synthetic as well as medicinal chemists. The adoption of multicomponent approaches gradually become more common in natural products synthesis, medicinal chemistry, synthesis of dyes, bioconjugation and polymer synthesis. Hence the development of multicomponent reaction is one of the prime necessities among the scientific community today. Present book is written in keeping the importance of multicomponent reactions for synthesis of various heterocycles and tried to give a comprehensive view regarding the synthesis of heterocycles. Book is divided in several chapters consisting of 3 membered, 4 membered, 5 membered, 6 membered and 7 membered heterocycles for ease of understanding of readers. Detailed synthetic pathways are designed and presented in schematic manner to make it attractive and handier for researchers. Text included in the book is believed to be beneficial and informative and will be milestone for synthetic chemists in field of heterocycle synthesis.

  • Advanced Research in Biological Science Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of biological science. The contributions by the authors include conditional mutations, somatic cells, genotype mutations, ontogeny, chromosomal aberrations, mutation manifestation, Mendelian genes, Munnar landscape, taxonomic identifications, environmental threats, biodiversity hotspot, toxicity, organophosphate pesticide, aquatic ecosystems, fish mortality, fish farming, agricultural production, coral reefs, marine food chain, postpartum follicular activity, vaginal discharge, cellular changes; hydration; altitude sickness; neural and skeletal adaptations; psychological adaptation; seasonal and cultural acclimatization, aging gene, chronobiology, biological clock, systemic aspergillosis, mycotic pneumonia, Electronegative LDL, macrophages, scavenger receptors, COVID-19, and SARS-CoV-2 Transmission, beekeeping, apiculture, pollination. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of biological science.

  • Basics of Human Resource Management

    An introduction to the basics human recourse strategy and panning is an attempt to highlight what you as a graduate engineering students need to know about Human Resource Management before you leave the campus to join the corporate world. You as an engineering when you climb up on organization ladder will require dealing partially with machine and largely with people around you. Human resource management comprises the formal systems designed to manage people for the performance of the company with the inclusive and individual talent, skill and organizational culture. The present book deals with three aspects i.e.  The strategy and planning of human resource management, strategic types of Human Resource and common pitfalls of building human resource strategies.

  • Advanced Concepts in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical research. The contributions by the authors include orthodontic bracket, indirect bonding, orthodontics, drug-induced glomerulonephritis, drug-induced podocytopathies, pathophysiology, acute kidney injury, nephrotoxicity, tubulointerstitial injury, glomerular injury, xenobiotic, minimal-change disease, nephrotic syndrome, solitary fibrous tumor, oral cavity, thoracic cavity, paranasal sinuses, distant metastases, rapid antigen test, SARS-CoV-2, sympathetic cardiovascular function, diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemic diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, neurodegenerative disease, phagocytosis, cerebral cortex, phacolytic glaucoma, extracapsular cataract extraction, hypermature senile cataract, telehealth, gynaecological cancers, psychological morbidity, tympanic membranes, antibiotics, ear infections, hypersensitivity, topical medications, disease diagnosis, global economy, medical devices, cardiac and respiratory disease, ovarian aging, quality of eggs, hot flashes, mood swings, vaginal blackness, auto immune oophoritis, oophorectomy, habitual stress, chemotherapy, urinary symptoms, cognitive behavioral therapy, menopause, appendicitis, abdominal pain, pain measurement. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical research.

  • Novel Perspectives of Engineering Research Vol. 10

    This book covers key areas of Engineering Research. The contributions by the authors include lubrication, nanofluids, aerospace, Agricultural field, electronic security, evaporative cooling, vermicompost, Digital Hygro Thermometer, relative humidity, drainage gallery, gravity dam, vertical stress, optimized routing, suit function, environmental monitoring, ad-hoc sensor network, tunnel boring machine, real-time prediction, variable speed pump, irrigation system, composite beams, fiber reinforced concrete, metal fibres, CFRP fabric, flexural strengthening, reinforced concrete, micro actuator, soft bellows actuator, independent actuation, 3D printing, soil destruction during cutting, slip lines, Mohr limit circles, cutting angle, brittle and ductile fracture, critical crack size, crack resistance characteristics, adaptive model, earthquake, reliability design, hinge kit system, fatigue, parametric accelerated life testing, faulty designs. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of   Engineering Research

  • Health Oriented Biochemistry

    This book is written for all types of medical and para medical science students and non life science community including common people with out any science backgroundto lead better disease free healthy life. It is also useful to life sciences students of various courses. Further health care professionals like physicians, dentists, nurses, dieticians also may find this book is helpful in patient counsiling. They realizes the relevance of this science to day to day life. This book helps in prolonging life or promotes longevity. Scientific background involved in making of food by nature, food driven creation of life, development, growth, disease, treatment and termination is detailed in this book. Soon after birth you are fed with mother"s milk for some time until exposed to solid foods and you crawl in this period. After a year you walk slowly reaches childhood followed by youth, middle age and finally old age. All of these years you continued taking food. In this book how this food creates body (life) for generations without change and body organs (systems), things it contain, how food is digested and absorbed by body ,how food makes body (life form) to survive, how body uses food for energy and growth, how much food is needed for body (life) activities, how excess or less food intake reduces life span or decreases longevity, how diseases occurs ,how they are diagnosed or identified, what are normal blood constituents levels, how organ or disease profile tests are used to assess health and disease , how medicines are developed to cure illness or for treatment , why medicines are given at intervals , how food is supplied to body when normal food intake is not possible due to unconscious or coma state of body, how food can be modified to suit life styles or health state, which types of foods promotes longevity or medicinal values of some vegetables, green leafy vegetables and fruits and why death occurs even with plenty of money which make you to afford good food are explained . Hence this book expels fear or panic produced in your mind as soon as you become sick and you can take necessary steps to improve quality of life, to prevent recurrence of diseases and to recover from diseases.

    Further how knowledge or science of life creation is successfully used to solve many problems of society or mankind is also detailed in this book. It led to production animals (sheep dolly) by passing normal reproduction route, surrogacy to solve problem of childless couples, solving parenthood disputes, creation of human insulin producing bacteria for use in diabetes treatment, creation of clot buster producing bacteria for use in heart attack treatment, development of vaccines, genetically modified crops for higher yields like bt. cotton, golden rice to reduce vit. A related blindness, designer poultry that produce eggs and meat and milk as needed, fish, goats, fruits that can be stored for long or yellow tomatoes, potatoes that do not turn dark on cutting and babies. The successful battle against recent COVID-19 pandemic with suitable vaccines production is classical example indicating essential nature of this acquired knowledge in saving mankind from annihilation or extinction by dangerous infections.

    The text of the book is designed for continuous non stop reading like science fiction novel or social novel reading of which proceeds from starting to end at a single stretch due to interest it creates in mind of reader. Further by using examples of energy calculated for breakfast, lunch, evening tea and dinner you can calculate energy content of your breakfast, lunch, evening tea and dinner. Nutritional profiles of commonly used cereals, pulses, nuts, vegetables, green leafy vegetables, fruits, mushrooms, milk, eggs, chicken, goat, fish and prawns are presented as tables. These tables are useful in calculating energy content as well as nutritional value of food you take. In case you are under weight or lean or thin you can plan your food which help in weight gain. If you are overweight or fatty or obese you avoid energy rich foods and modify your food so that it may not progress further. Like wise when you are ill or under recovery from disease you can recover fast by including food with relevant nutritional and medicinal values. Mind mapping is used for easy understanding of various aspects of subject matter presented in the text.

  • Current Topics on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of Chemistry and Biochemistry. The contributions by the authors include Pthalaldehyde, amino acid Schiff bases, chromium (II) compounds, antibacterial activity, Adsorption isotherms, bleaching, acid activation, clays, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B , \(\alpha\)-glucosidase , density functional theory, molecular docking simulation, Biodegradation, Chitosan blends, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Microhardness, Polyvinyl alcohol, isosorbide diester, isosorbide, genotoxicity, mutagenicity, toxicity, Hypertension, nutraceutical, concentration, risk factors, Atherogen, legume, human heart, Approximation, cell conductivity, electroporation, mathematical analysis, Nanoparticles, Zinc oxide, Illicium verum, green synthesis, Scanning electron microscopy, Synthesis, heterocycles, phenothiazine, N-acylphenothiazines, pharmacological properties, Lead fulvate, stability constant, fulvic acids, Neonicotinoid, thiacloprid, solid-phase spectroscopy, luminescence, Malachite green, and  leucomalachite green. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Chemistry and Biochemistry.

  • Privacy Preserved Data Publishing of Moving Object Trajectories

    The profound use of GPS based mobility devices has left enormous number of spatio-temporal trajectory traces which poses a valuable contribution to the developmental cum research activities based on these mobility traces. But the publication of these traces as such creates a great threat to the personal privacy. In this context, a privacy preserved way of publishing these spatio-temporal trajectories is very essential. This book “Privacy Preserved Data Publishing of Moving Object Trajectories” suggests some new approaches and methods to cater this problem without much data distortion and giving utmost care for the personal privacy.

    This book is organized in such a way that a casual reader could be able to grasp the basic concepts and methods related to the moving object databases and the privacy preserved datamining and publishing. The first chapter describes about the fundamental theories and concepts related to the moving object trajectories and privacy preserved data publishing. The succeeding three chapters provides various approaches and methodologies in a privacy preserved way to achieve the anonymization of sensitive stay points that lies in the trajectory before publishing it for the public for further research or developmental activities, since the exposure of sensitive stay points will certainly endanger the personal privacy of the user. In the fifth chapter, we made an attempt to extent the methods which we have derived in the previous chapters to the traces of Covid-19 patients and also it works well with our combined concepts “Sensitive stay point Anonymization through Generalization” and “Temporal Perturbation”. Finally, we have put forward some of the avenues in this research area for the budding researchers of this field.

    We would like to express our sincere gratitude towards many people who have contributed to the realization of this work in many ways. To commence with, we pay our obeisance to God, the almighty to have bestowed upon us good health, courage, inspiration, zeal and the light. We are immensely indebted to the anonymous reviewers of various International and National journals or conferences, which had made a remarkable influence on our entire work. Our sincere thankfulness is due to the faculties & researchers of SOCS, M. G. University, Kottayam and the Management and the faculties of S. A. S.  S. N. D. P. Yogam College, Konni for their constant support and inspiration for this work. We are also grateful to our family members for their endless patience, unstinting support and constant prayers during the entire span of this venture. Moreover, we would like to thank the Publisher and the entire team of “B P International” for providing us an opportunity to publish the manuscript as a book.

  • Novel Research Aspects in Mathematical and Computer Science Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of Mathematical and Computer Science. The contributions by the authors include Euler approximation, estimates, stochastic,  differential equations, Pseudo-hermiticity, exact solvability, direct method, busy cycle, Riccati equation, Modulation techniques, personal area network node, granted time slot node, duty cycle, Algorithms, mining, fuzzy logics, entity relationship model, New Optimal Adaptive Diagnosis Observer, Luenberger Observer , Kalman Observer , Unknown Input Observer , Augmented Robust Observer , High Gain Observer , Multiple Inputs Multiple Outputs ,Sensitive High Gain Observer, Folksonomy,  custom URL, shortened URL, vanish URL., Pure delay, period of oscillation, first order systems, PID control, Digital signal processing, discrete Hartley transform, recursive algorithm, Particle swarm optimization, information sharing level, supply chain,  order fill rate, total inventory cost, ANOVA test, Fractional differencing, long-memory, heteroscedasticity, volatility, level shift, Stokes drag, axially symmetric bodies, Newtonian fluid, axial flow, Linear programming, random, profit distribution, and monte carlo simulation. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Mathematical and Computer Science.

  • The Art of Writing a Dissertation: A Guidebook for Students and Researchers

    The Art of Writing a Dissertation: A Guidebook for Students and Researchers is a comprehensive book designed to throw some light on the ins and outs of planning and writing a dissertation. This practical book is primarily geared towards helping social sciences students overcome many hindrances and dispel doubts about a number of issues related to the technical side of the research methodology process. This guide is useful for other individuals who would like to understand the basic principles to undertake academic research. It focuses on the main elements of writing a research paper irrespective of the nature of the research approach adopted, be it quantitative, qualitative, or mixed-methods research. The authors strongly believe that it will serve as a guide for undergraduate and postgraduate social sciences students interested in academic research.

    In this book, various components of research are clearly listed and briefly discussed. The concepts considered cover most, if not all, the components related to the research paper journey. The book also includes the three major components of a research process: development of the research proposal, fieldwork (data collection and analysis) and writing-up of the research. Practice opportunities and assignments are provided as well.

    In each section, there is a number of tasks so that readers would cross-check their understanding and translate the knowledge they have gained into practice. For further reference, major works are given at the end of the corresponding sections under foot notes and bibliographical references.

    The authors believe that careful consideration of the book will pave the way for novice researchers to conduct academic and professional research with much ease and confidence and avoid many pitfalls that would negatively impact the quality of an academic manuscript.

  • Challenges and Advances in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of Pharmaceutical Research. The contributions by the authors include immune complex, vaccine, delayed type hypersensitivity, nano formulations,  \(\beta\)-Sitosterol, atherogenic index, hyperlipidaemia, coronary heart disease, bilayer tablet, biphasic drug release, swelling index, oral drug delivery, nano sponges, biomedicine, multifunctional polymers, epidermal growth factor receptor, kinase inhibitors, therapeutic antitumor agents, trunk mobility, goniometry, tape method, spine mobility, ciprofloxacin, bio-degradable polymer, cardioprotective mechanism, medicinal plants, oxidative stress, cardiac glycosides, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, epidermal growth factor, Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, Non-Small-cell lung cancer, enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay, molecular docking, aflatoxin, heavy metal analysis, antibiotics, Chalcone, aldol condensation, claisen schmidt condensation, pharmacological-biological activity, pharmaceutical dosage forms, curcumin, Acorus calamus rhizome, Paracetamol, Hepatoprotection. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of   Pharmaceutical Research.

  • Current Innovations in Disease and Health Research Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of disease and health research. The contributions by the authors include Erdheim-chester disease, langerhans cell histiocytosis, immunotherapy, radiation therapy, Kawasaki disease, lymphnodes, febrile vasculitis, inflammation, ischemic heart disease, Chiggerosis, lymphadenopathy, scrub typhus, myalgia, myocarditis, meningoencephalitis, renal failure, fatal cancers, stem cell transplants, diabetes mellitus, myelodysplastic disease, glycation, glycated albumin, macrovascular complications, peripheral arterial disease, fungal infections, colorectal cancer, MSH2 gene, non-modifiable factors, risk probability, Crohn’s disease, non-polyposis colon cancer, hygiene and medicine, life satisfaction, radiology, oncology, anesthesiology, gastroenterology, Dowling-Degos disease, skin manifestations, therapeutic interventions, air pollution, total suspended matter, pulmonary function; respiratory disease, cardiovascular mortality, lung cancer, antiretroviral therapy, ART delivery, cryptococcal meningitis, tuberculosis. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of disease and health research.

  • Research Developments in Science and Technology Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of Science and Technology. The contributions by the authors include nodal segment culture, organogenesis, somatic embryogenesis, organogenesis, plantlet regeneration, hearing loss, speech interference, pathologies cardiac activity, arrhythmias, cardiac rhythms, AB-blockade, thermal performance, fluid dynamics, heat generation, radial speed, Time synchronization, chip scale atomic clock, earthquake observation, structural health monitoring, acceleration sensor, relativistic quantum mechanics, gravity, Motion Spiral, marginalization, combined model of u-net-based architectures, medical image segmentation, convolution neural network, longitudinal vortices, electromagnetic field, transverse vortices. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  Science and Technology.

  • Religious Belief, Scientific Reasoning, Climate Issues and Manmade Disasters on Earth

    This book has been born from concerns and thoughts of author regarding environment and climate issues which are actually his concerns regarding manmade disasters on Earth.

    It is structured in five chapters. The first one of them is based on the paper published by the author within an international conference dealing with environment issues, the International Conference on Environmental Design 2023 (ICED 2023), held in Greece, and the next chapters are based on papers published by the author in a well reputed journal, the Journal of Marine Technology and Environment (JMTE).

    God has given us an almost perfect home planet to live on and has entrusted it to man for a good management. Man, however, has failed in his mission of good steward for his home planet. For some considerable time already, man has continuously chosen to spoil and poison his home through his actions and overuse of resources.

  • Research Developments in Science and Technology Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of Science and Technology. The contributions by the authors include transparent non-centrosymmetric crystal, polarization, weak gyrotropy, wedge-shaped sample, vector of electric field strength, wave vector, optical axis, nonzero transmission, dynamic range, audio system, performance evaluation, audio distortion dynamic range, cu doping, ultrasonic spray pyrolysis, chemical treatment, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, biomedical instrumentation, procedural algorithm, E-Waste management, environmental threat, wastewater, mesoporous material, groundwater quality, global positioning system, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, water quality index, bridge deformation monitoring, GPS and linear variable differential transducers, building information modeling, solid waste management, ecosystem sustainability, octane index, relative density. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  Science and Technology.

  • Socio-Scientific Interaction in Diabetes and Cancer and Its Management

    Welcome to this edited volume exploring the intricate relationship between diabetes and cancer. This book serves as a comprehensive resource that brings together the latest research, insights, and perspectives from esteemed experts in the field. It delves into the multifaceted connections between these two prevalent diseases, shedding light on their shared mechanisms, risk factors, clinical implications, and therapeutic considerations.

    Diabetes and cancer are two major health challenges that continue to affect millions of individuals worldwide. While they may appear distinct at first glance, emerging evidence has revealed intriguing links between these conditions. The shared pathways, common risk factors, and overlapping molecular processes have sparked scientific curiosity and prompted deeper investigation into their intricate interplay.

    The primary objective of this edited volume is to foster a better understanding of the complex relationship between diabetes and cancer, empowering healthcare professionals, researchers, and policymakers to devise effective strategies for prevention, early detection, and treatment. By bringing together diverse perspectives, cutting-edge research findings, and clinical insights, we aim to bridge the knowledge gap and stimulate meaningful discussions within the scientific community.

    This book comprises a collection of chapters contributed by renowned experts in the fields of diabetology, oncology, endocrinology, and related disciplines. Each chapter provides a thorough examination of specific aspects of the diabetes-cancer connection, presenting evidence-based information, critical analyses, and thought-provoking discussions. Topics covered include epidemiology, pathophysiology, cellular and molecular mechanisms, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, treatment strategies, and ongoing research endeavors.

    We believe that this comprehensive compilation will serve as a valuable resource for healthcare professionals seeking to enhance their understanding of the intricate relationship between diabetes and cancer. It will also benefit researchers and students by providing a holistic perspective and guiding future investigations into this fascinating field.

    We extend our gratitude to all the contributors for their exceptional expertise and scholarly contributions. Their dedication and enthusiasm have played a crucial role in making this book a reality. We also express our appreciation to the editorial and production team who have worked diligently to bring this project to fruition.

    We hope that this book will inspire fruitful collaborations, stimulate further research, and ultimately contribute to the development of innovative approaches in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of both diabetes and cancer. By shedding light on the intersections of these diseases, we aim to improve the lives of individuals affected by these conditions and advance the overall state of healthcare.

  • New Horizons in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of Medicine and Medical Research. The contributions by the authors include Family planning, contraceptive, community health, Neurocognitive disorder, Parkinson’s disease, constipation, donepezil, acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, Uterine cavity, Trans Vaginal Ultrasonography , Hysteroscopy, infertility, Abnormal Uterine Bleeding , Atopic dermatitis, conjunctivitis, dupilumab, punctual stenosis, Albumin, cataracts, hypertension, spectrophotometer, Rectal cancer, neutrophils, 5-fluorouracil, colorectal cancer, Autism spectrum disorder, social cognition,   Prostate cancer, multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging, transperineal biopsy, Automated hematology analyzers, histograms, anemia, Glycoconjugate structures, reactive oxygen species, oligosaccharides, Environmental Stress, Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculopathy, cyclophosphamide, systemic lupus erythematous, Peripheral nervous system, CARS scores, single nucleotide polymorphism, TaqMan genotyping, linkage disequilibrium, combined genotypes, Attached gingiva, Keratinized mucosa,  Dysgerminoma, malignant ovarian tumor, and surgical intervention. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Medicine and Medical Research.

  • Emerging Issues in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of environment, geography and earth science. The contributions by the authors include climate change, physiological forcing, relative humidity, equilibrium model, evapotranspiration, carbon uptake, clear-sky flux, radiative cooling, land-atmosphere coupling, precipitation, cloud radiative forcing, total water storage, monthly climatology, diurnal cycle, cloud radiative forcing, land-atmosphere coupling, land-surface vegetation, cloud forcing, remote sensing, energy cycle, latent heat flux, surface Bowen ratio, snow transitions, climate simulations, snow-atmosphere coupling. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of environment, geography and earth science.

  • Emerging Challenges in Environment and Earth Science Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of Environment and Earth Science. The contributions by the authors include Exploration, tungsten minerals, graphite, Electrical conductivity, Water quality index, colloidal matter, chemical treatment, Ecosystem classification, global ecoregion, hierarchical system, tree technique,  pollution, cement dust, quarry dust, air pollution tolerance index, Cryobot, satellite of Jupiter, hydraulic force,  single-wire Tesla system, Thermal Hydraulic Drill , stability, secondary stress state, drilling, cement paste, temperature, Photosynthesis, photoassimilates, mineral nutrients, and  caryopsis. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Environment and Earth Science.

  • Contemporary Perspective on Science, Technology and Research Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of science, technology and research. The contributions by the authors include freedom, creativity, democracy, liberating intelligence, cultural intelligence, exponential growth, economic theories, collaborative fusion, machine learning tools, PIR systems, dust retention, microprobes, autoencoder, credit card transactions, lymphography dataset, Gaussian distribution, Density functional theory, hydrogenation, HOMO-LUMO gap, graphene nanoribbons, bimodal structures, plastometric analyses, microstructures, microalloyed steels, austenite transformation products, renewable energy, small hydropower plant, hydraulic turbine, greenhouse gas emissions, climate change, software application, Mann Kendall test, digital transformation of education, e-learning, educational software, computer-supported collaborative learning, fused deposition modelling, additive manufacturing, hybrid structures. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of science, technology and research.

  • Insect Plant Interaction

    From time to time philosophers, scientists, educationists, and the likes have formally categorized entire known knowledge to outline its boundaries and show the structure of knowledge. It is on this system that various disciplines stand. Insects and Plants is the subject matter of two different disciplines – Zoology and Botany. In spite of the fact insects and plants come from distinct disciplines having well defined boundaries and structure of knowledge, there is an interaction between the two, which is the subject matter of this book, insect-plant interaction. Innumerable books have been written on insects and plants as seen from the respective ecological lens. Relatively less number of books has also been written from the perspective of their interaction. However, most of these books have been penned by authors whose native language is English.
    In this book titled, Insect-Plant Interaction, the author does not claim the originality of the content, as many books, journals and confernce proceedings have been consulted, authored by different academicians and practitioners from many countries. What the reader will notice is the essence of the author’s more than fiften year’s experience of active teaching and guiding research. It was felt that the main challenge faced by the students referring academic books is not the content but the language and the style. Authors with English mother tongue tend to use a higher level of language and style, difficult to comprehend by a non-English background student. This book is an attempt by a teacher from a non-English background, exposed to Indian and Ethiopian academic environment, to help students overcome this challenge. 
    Insect-Plant Interaction is aimed to fulfil the needs of masters level students of crop protection and  students pursuing doctoral research in entomology. This work is the outcome of authors seventeen months of committed effort. Broadly, a three level classification of contents has been used, and the numbering and formatting reflect the level of classification in all of its five chapters. This helps the reader, to comprehend the matter comfortably. There is always room for improvement, and as such the author seeks suggestions which may be sent at  [email protected]

  • Emerging Issues in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of environment, geography and earth science. The contributions by the authors productivity losses, ecosystem, biodiversity, soil fertility, fire management, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, organic pollutants, bioaccumulation, marine biota and human health, environmental monitoring, anthropogenic greenhouse gas, GHG emissions, GHG assessment, feed production, Earth thrust, earth pressure, Coulomb’s theory, stream flow, Mann-Kendall test, air pollution, climate change, environment pollutants, global warming, car emissions, landscape applications, waste materials, furniture elements, bottom natural landscape systems, landscape zoning, MPA networks, coastal and marine programs, beach tourism, space weather, terrestrial weather, solar activity phases, environmental health, heavy metals, air and water pollution, ecosystem services, anthropogenic disturbances, forest ecosystem, environmental balance, water scarcity, wastewater treatment, bacteriological qualities, organic contaminants, waste stabilization, biogas, CH4 emissions, manure management, urbanization, water cycle, water flows, urban planning. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of environment, geography and earth science.

  • Research Aspects in Biological Science Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of biological science. The contributions by the authors include cognitive wokload, eye tracking, eye movement, management practices, genomic DNA, RBCL primers, acute respiratory distress syndrome, somatic cell senescence, angiotensin-converting enzyme, neonatal seizures, anti-epileptic drugs, Central nervous system, fish production, aquaculture, antimicrobial activities, traditional medicine, animal model, inbred strains, animal model, inbred strains, vegetation structure, spermiogenesis, cellular associations, miRNA, chronic, liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, mucormycosis, fungal pathogens, RNA interference, gene silencing, gamma irradiation, micro and macro-nutrient. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of biological science.

  • An Overview on Business, Management and Economics Research Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of business, management and economics. The contributions by the authors include business cycle, numerical model, manufacturing, marginal-cost pricing, idle capacity, tourism, health security, communicable diseases, travel-related illnesses, environmental sanitation, Kelly repertory grid, consumer perceptions, consumer product attributes, Canonical correlation, eigenvalues, canonical loadings, redundancy index, entrepreneurial effectiveness, agripreneurs, labor management, agrarian economy, sustainable farming, real exchange rate, trade balance, currency exchange rate, economic development, macroeconomics, Kano model, customer satisfaction, marketing strategy, rural infrastructure, land ownership, agricultural enterprises, rural migration, construction firms, financial services, developing economies, business operations, economic growth in the sustainable development goals, granger causality, trade openness, financial development, foreign direct investment. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of business, management and economics.

  • Current Research in Language, Literature and Education Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of Language, Literature and Education. The contributions by the authors include social networking, Global optimal solution, genetic algorithm, back propagation neural network, confucian pedagogy, lexico-grammatical competence, colligations of preposition, healthcare crisis, SARS-CoV-2, distance learning, online learning, media resources, vocabulary learning strategies, spontaneous vocabulary learning, VLS instruction, International adult literacy survey, pedagogy, early childhood education, material development, mathematics education, science education, sustainability of education. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  Language, Literature and Education.

  • Advanced Concepts in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical research. The contributions by the authors include smartphone, telemedicine, artificial intelligence, biomedical technology, information systems, wearable electronic devices, pseudopockets, orthodontic treatment, gingivectomy, pocket wall, malignant tumors, neoplastic enlargement, severe acute respiratory syndrome, animal bite wound management, vaccination strategies, rabies, zoonotic disease, cerebrovascular accident, drug utilization, glomerulopathies, immunoglobulins, immune complexes, membranous glomerulonephritis, glomerular atrophy, Ischemia, liver injury, oxidative and nitrogen stress, antioxidative effects, cytokines, genetic disorders, haemophilia, spinal muscular atrophy, hypertriglyceridemia, gestational hypertriglyceridemia, lipid profile, pregnancy, hyper viscosity syndrome, pneumonia, sono-elastography, shear wave imaging, steatonecrosis, palpable lump, pancreatic necrosis, abdominal mass, laparotomy, myelinated fibers, oligodendrocytes, schizophrenia, myelination, glutamatergic neurons, prefrontal cortex, CNP-ase immunostaining, diabetes mellitus; autoimmune diseases; resonance medicine; resonance of destruction; resonance of creation. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical research.

  • New Innovations in Economics, Business and Management Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of Economics, Business and Management. The contributions by the authors include sustainable charismatic leadership, relationship to job satisfactions and organization  commitments, corporate leadership, organizational effectiveness, foreign direct investment, resource use efficiency, data envelopment analysis, participatory guarantee scheme, digital entrepreneurship, smart organization, technological innovation, big data analytics, business intelligence, optimal input-output planning model, computer aided manufacturing, 3D printing, manufacturing Resource planning, artificial Intelligence, agricultural production, institutional credit, irrigation, rural literacy rate, capital formation, internal audit function, supply chain finance, new cloud computing technology, monetary policy, fiscal policy. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  Economics, Business and Management.

  • Control System of Air Handling Unit Based on Human-Machine Interface and Internet of Things

    Praise be to Allah, the Lord of all the worlds. We express our gratitude and thanks to Allah SWT for His grace and guidance, which have enabled and facilitated the compilation of the monograph book titled "Control System of Air Handling Unit Based on Human-Machine Interface and Internet of Things."

    The author extends heartfelt thanks to all those who have contributed and supported the preparation of this book, especially the lecturers at Trilogy University and colleagues from other universities. In the process of creating this book, various literary references were consulted, including books, internet sources, and scientific journals.

    The author has endeavored to compile this book with the intention of contributing to scientific literacy and providing educational material for the study of control systems in air handling units. It is the author's hope that this book will enhance understanding and knowledge, fostering the development of skilled web developers capable of thriving in the professional world.

    The author acknowledges that there may be shortcomings in this book, both in terms of sentence structure and grammar. With an open heart, the author welcomes all suggestions and criticisms from readers, as these will contribute to the continuous improvement of the book.

    In conclusion, the author sincerely hopes that this monograph book proves beneficial and inspirational to its readers.

  • Research Developments in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of Arts and Social Studies. The contributions by the authors include political goodwill, peace agreement, Suicide prevention, correctional lawsuits, deliberate indifference lawsuits, medical malpractice, reading and writing, dyslexia, constructionist educational research, social dreaming, Utopia method, household registration, economic and social factors, Wisdom education, Chinese traditional culture, California legal terminology, intellectual bravery, normal distribution theory, social services, African climate refugees, climate change, environmental justice, informal care regimes. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  Arts and Social Studies.

  • Progress in Language, Literature and Education Research Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of language, literature and education. The contributions by the authors include clinical learning environment, Nurses’ competence, learner's growth, students' clinical skills, nursing education, systemic paradigm, sui generis systemic approach, digital University,  hybrid teaching, cyber anthropology, inquiry–based science teaching approach, learning outcome, inquiry-based science teaching approach, CIPP model evaluation, exploratory factor analysis, school-based assessment, co-curriculum assessment, psychological well-being, teacher satisfaction, interactive media, distance learning, tutorial learning, lockdown policy, community resistance, social gatherings, sustainable educational organization, strategic organization management, human resource development, moral education, national language, education models, Malaysian education, sustainable development goals. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of language, literature and education.

  • Progress in Chemical Science Research Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of Chemical Science. The contributions by the authors include Semiconductor, band gap, power conversion efficiency, thin films, deposition technique, solar energy, Batch distillation column design, separation difficulty, redundancy coefficient, theoretical plate, entropy, Mixed ligand complexes of manganese, glycine, ethylenediamine, dye decolourization, Sodium chloride, benzoic acid, solubility, dissociation constant, ionic strength, hydrophobic protection, corrosion, atactic polypropylene, low molecular weight polyethylene, adhesion, wetting edge angle, Electronic band structure, ab-initio calculations,  heat co-efficient, Glycolysis, pyruvate analogue, deoxyglucose, Metformin HCl, Cobalt(II) sulfate, Copper(II) chloride, spectrophotometry, Sustainable chemistry, green catalysts, atom economy, reaction yield, biocatalysts, enzymes, nanocatalysts, phase transfer catalysts, transition metal ion catalysts, Furosemide, xylenol orange, bromo-phenol blue, Chrome Azurol S, pharmaceutical, Isoniazid, pyridoxine hydrochloride, chromeazurol S, Spectrophotometry, Thermochemical, molecule, and intramolecular. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Chemical Science.

  • Advanced Concepts in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical research. The contributions by the authors include insall salvati ratio, patellar articular surface, Osgood- Schlatter disease, brain abscess, cerebral aspergillosis, diagnostic modalities, human immunodeficiency virus infections, CNS-invasive aspergillosis, haemorrhage, infarctions, Henoch- Schönlein purpura, IgA vasculitis, renal complication, gastrointestinal diseases, spermatogenesis, sars-cov-2, male infertility, DNA fragmentation, cell destruction, polypharmacy, medication therapy, medical ethics, of MAC empyema, non-tuberculous mycobacteria, abdominal aortic aneurysm, mycobacterium avium complex, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, mycobacteria, Paget’s disease, ductal carcinoma, nipple-areola complex, testicular extirpation, severe trauma or injury, testicular torsion, orchitis, gender transition in transgender animals, erectile dysfunction, sperm banking, polycythemia, ligation of blood vessels, pain management, medication compliance, newborn health care, midwifery education model, urinary tract infection, disease control, urinary antibiotics, transvaginal sonography, vaginal delivery, cervical-vaginal junction, arthritis, military rheumatology, rheumatism, autoimmunity and autoinflammation, myositis sacroiliac deformity, cesarean section, spinal anesthesia, ketamine, intra operative nausea and vomiting, hypotension. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical research.

  • Current Topics in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of Agricultural Sciences. The contributions by the authors include Sesame production, pharmaceuticals, crop productivity, oilseed crop, Agroforestry, food security, sustainable management,  White grubs, larvae, Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus, Artificial intelligence, pest management, entomology, genetic diversity, simple sequence repeats , Parasitic contamination, health risk,  mature embryo culture, direct and indirect organogenesis, somatic embryogenesis ,  plantlet regeneration, Agricultural extension, advisory services, privatisation, liberalisation, Low green-gram production, rhizobium inoculation, phosphate rock application, green gram yield improvement. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Agricultural Sciences.

  • Advances and Challenges in Science and Technology Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of science and technology. The contributions by the authors include hot rolling, steel plant, techno economic factors, elementary metals, Pitfalls, microwave technologies, antennas, virtual labs, polarization, pedagogical techniques, online marketing technologies, business processes, social media, artificial neural networks, neural network controller, HVAC systems, PID controller, Half-metallic ferromagnetism, dilute magnetic semiconductors, Lithium based compounds, Networking reservoirs system, reservoir rule curves, conditional atom search optimization, ecosystem protection, irrigation, Integral normalized gradient, linear discriminant analysis, Euclidean distance classifier, mirror transformation, Deep Q-Learning, believable agent behavior, bureaucratic transformation, ICT-based management, Environmental monitoring, carbon nanotubes, environmental pollution, nanoparticle, cyber security, cryptographic algorithms, modeling and simulation, cyberattack, disease diagnosis; drug discovery, artificial intelligence, AI technologies, video gaming, vision systems. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of science and technology.

  • Novel Research Aspects in Mathematical and Computer Science Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of Mathematical and Computer Science. The contributions by the authors include Stochastic differential equations, Malliavin calculus, Euler scheme for delay SDE’s, Cone metric space, fixed point, expanding mapping, Fuzzy risk-neutral probability measures, general linear octagonal fuzzy numbers, discounted fuzzy intrinsic values, fuzzy profit and loss values, Artificial neural networks, back propagation, normalization, Eigenvalues, distance spectrum, zero-divisor graph, block matrix, Riemann hypothesis, riemann zeta function, zeta function equation, jacobi’s function, residue theorem, cauchy-riemann equation, Minimum cable tension, cable-based parallel robot, specified minimum cable tension workspace, stability, Band-limited function, derivative interpolation, Ill-posedness, regularization,  Product of quasi-differential expressions, regular and singular endpoints, regularly solvable operators, essential spectra, and hilbert-schmidt integral operators. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Mathematical and Computer Science.

  • Dyslexia: To be a Hand to Fly in the World of Word

    Dyslexia is the majority of a widespread learning disability in children. It's additionally referred to as a receptive language-based incapacity includes symptoms like an issue in mixing sounds into creating words, issue in tally syllables in words, the issue with naming syllables in words, an issue with naming words, poor writing system, and a habit of omitting and adding words or letters, whereas, writing and reading at the later ages. A dyslexic individual additionally has issues in memorizing, reading aloud, summarizing a story, and learning a far-off language. Most people are a unit of the opinion that each dyslexic reader moves letters around once they area unit reading.

    The role of Associate in nursing perceptive teacher in operating with a baby with a learning disorder is important, and their perception plays a vital role in learning for a baby United Nations agency has learning disordered. Lecturers’ area unit within the frontline and at the forefront of education that may facilitate a dyslexic kid attain. Comprehend a dyslexic beginner in a very cluster of scholars involve begin firm modify in a plan to create straightforward the educational method and create the learner feel safe and comfy. Our lecturers ought to create them responsive to the very fact that learning disorder could be a serious learning issue that unremarkable exists, however, is with success addressed and diminished.

    It is vital for future lecturers to own smart information and a positive perspective towards learning disorder, this might solve the matter of complications and alternative issues associated with dyslexic kids facing within the schoolroom and society. The structured teaching programme also will be provided in evidence-based observation with smart psychological support among dyslexic kids.

  • Technological Innovation in Engineering Research Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of Engineering Research. The contributions by the authors include Thermodynamic, Volatile Organic Compounds, solute, solvent, Comminution, morphology, breakage mechanism, stirred mill, grinding, manual point counting, Bricks, waste material,  compressive strength, Biodiesel, KOH and CaO catalysts, transesterification, Solar energy, energy recovery, supercapacitor, fuzzy logic, Air-Gap insulated piston, plastic oil, semi-adiabatic diesel engine,  Air-gap insulated piston, semi-adiabatic diesel engine, supercharging, Fatigue failure, design flaws, mechanical system, hinge kit system, Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing, self-cancellation system, accelerated life testing, and Conjugate Phase. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Engineering Research.

  • New Understanding in Physics and Astronomy

  • Novel Research Aspects in Mathematical and Computer Science Vol. 3

    Preface

     

    This book covers key areas of Mathematical and Computer Science. The contributions by the authors include Stochastic differential equations, Malliavin calculus, Euler scheme for delay SDE’s, integration by parts, densities of distributions, Euler approximation, numerical stability, weak consistency, Quintic equation, radical solution, gauss basic theorem of algebra, abel’s theory, galois’s theory, solvable group, lagrange’s resolvents, Clustering, k-means, generating clusters on the run, mapreduce framework, Bernstein’s inequality, Erdos – Lax inequality, Turan’s inequality, polynomial,  Saddle point problem, augmented Lagrangian algorithm, linear algebra, condition number, Nonlinear processes, nonlinear differential equation, finite difference method, Taylor series, Hoeffding’s lemma, Hoeffding’s tail bounds, chernoff’s bound, information theory, machine learning, signal processing, Bailey’s transform, basic hypergeometric functions, Mellin transforms, Fourier transforms, Laplace transforms,  electromagnetic field, vortex, maxwell’s laws, Biquadratic equation,  number theory, Gravitation, flat space-time,  matter arises, conservation of total energy, and non-expanding space. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Mathematical and Computer Science.

     

  • Advanced Concepts in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of pharmaceutical research. The contributions by the authors include drug utilization, hypoglycemic agents, diabetes mellitus, anti-diabetic drugs, nucleus accumbency, muscular incoordination, anxiety-related behavior, alcohol-related stimuli, thrombolytic activity, clot lysis, micro centrifuge method, pro thrombin test, global thrombosis test, homeostasis, blood coagulation, fibromyalgia, mono-aminergic neurotransmission, neurological disorders, anti-nociceptive pathways, therapeutic remedies, ICH guidelines, pharmaceutical development, discoid lupus erythematosus, cutaneous lupus erythematosus, topical corticosteroids, topical calcineurin inhibitors, antimalarial activity, immunomodulator, adverse drug reactions, electronic health records, polypharmacy risks, pharmacodynamic interactions, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cytotoxic activity, surgical resection, antihyperglycemic drug, cardiovascular disorders, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, C-reactive protein, electronic cigarette, carcinogens, trace pollutants, micro-electronics, pharmacokinetics, esterification, presystemic metabolism, chemical stability, prodrug strategy, eprosartan mesylate, hypertension, complex syndrome of multiple hemodynamic, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, inhalation therapy, oral medications, GI toxicity, prodrug, migraine symptoms, Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, tuberculosis, Analgesic activity, Eddy’s hot plate method, antinociceptive activity, pain management, human malignant melanocyte, cytotoxic action, DNA synthesis, antibacterial effects. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of pharmaceutical research.

  • New Trends in Physical Science Research Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of Physical Science. The contributions by the authors include Bell correlation, bell theorem, wave-particle duality, entanglement, Photon state, Scattering of nucleons, excitation of nuclei, swelling of nuclei and atoms, Energy security, global security, natural gas, environmental and sustainable development, anthropogenic hazards, Energy security strategy, national power grid, transmission system operators, Filtration, Rahmatulin equation, fluid-porous interface, Michelson interferometer, photoacoustic effect, photoacoustic spectroscopy, trace gas detection, miniature infrared source, Nuclear spin echo, low-frequency field, lithium ferrite, domain wall mobility, pinning, videopulse, Quantum gravity, gravitational time dilation, gravitational redshift, perihelion of Mercury, gravitational deflection of light, time delay of light, Ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene reactor powders, compaction, sintering,  lamellar structure, Harmonic plane wave, auditorium, Static, thermostat, cosmos, transmit, Instability, anisotropy, Movable nodes method, Brinkman equation, Rahmatulin equation, fluid-porous interface, Adhesive joints, structural adhesive, finite element method, extended finite element modeling, Numerical modelling, cohesive zone models, and cohesive parameters. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Physical Science.

  • Current Perspective to Physical Science Research Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of physical science research. The contributions by the authors include spin magnetic moment of electron, virtual photon, photon, magnetism, quantum mechanics, modern physics, angular momentum, Bohr magneton, material media dynamics, motion matters, principles of motion, Newtonian, Maxwell, and Schrödinger formulations, quantum and classical mechanics, Schrödinger-like equations, classical mechanics, hydrodynamics, Kinematic mechanics, electromagnetic mechanics, electrostatic recall constant, restoration force, gravitation, electromagnetic fields, Maxwell equation, electromagnetic waves, TM polarization, mathematical complexity, elliptic integrals, distorted electron wave, atomic structure, electron screening, high-energetic electrons, cosmic island, cosmological model, elementary particles, Einstein’s gravitational field equations, tracer radioisotopes, radio-pharmaceutical, nuclear medicine, radionuclide therapy, nuclear physics, potassium analogy, thin layer activation, surface degradation, neutron activation analysis, surface layer activation. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of physical science research.

  • Technological Innovation in Engineering Research Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of Engineering Research. The contributions by the authors include Fractional calculus, nonstandard finite difference method, hopf bifurcation, homoclinic bifurcation, Grunwald-Letinkov method, Mechanical product, fatigue, design defects, parametric ALT, compressor, Pharmacokinetic models, Resistance, inductance, skin effect, coaxial tubular conductors, Hotspot analysis, traffic flow, traffic characteristics, traffic management, road infrastructure, Solid state proton conductivity, metal organic frame works, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, solution crystallization, relative humidity, Windowing technique, S-transform, power quality disturbances, deep learning, Internal model control, non-square systems, non-square effective gain, stability, trajectory tracking, Process parameters, Friction Stir Process , Metal Matrix Composites, Nano-fluid, Minimum Quantity Lubrication, surface roughness, machining processes, machining parameters , cutting force, Powder Mix-EDM, powder fluxes, and welding electrodes. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Engineering Research.

  • A Case in a Million

    In the realm of medical literature, there exists a treasure trove of knowledge and wisdom concealed within the pages of case reports. These humble narratives, often overlooked in the shadow of grander medical research, hold a unique power to teach, inspire, and illuminate the complexities of human health. This book, dedicated to the art and science of case reporting, seeks to unveil the rich tapestry of stories hidden within these seemingly ordinary patient encounters.

  • Research Developments in Science and Technology Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of Science and Technology. The contributions by the authors include Risks assessment, occupational health and safety, critical power infrastructures, electrical safety, Direct Torque Control , frequency converter, Matrix Converter , Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motor , Space Vector Modulation , Vision recognition, voice recognition, inverse kinematics control, deep learning algorithm, industrial robot, critical power infrastructures, Nickel slag, sulfurization–reduction, melting modification, flotation, Vaccination, , conspiracy, Fish-pass, inclined drop, energy dissipation, relative downstream depth, Hearing assist system,  omnidirectional, sound source, tactile, vibration, horizontal movement, Cropping systems, system productivity, net returns, production efficiency, economic efficiency, Genetic diversity, morphological traits, polymorphic information content, similarity coefficient, Groundnut germplasm, SSR markers, population structure, Principal Coordinates Analysis, Rainwater Harvesting, draining capacity, remote sensing data, water scarcity. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Science and Technology.

  • On Algebraic Properties of k-Q-Anti Fuzzy Normed Rings

    In this paper, the concept of \(\mathit{k}\) - \(\mathit{Q}\) - Anti fuzzy normed ring is introduced and some basic properties related to it are established. That our definition of normed rings on \(\mathit{k}\) - \(\mathit{Q}\) - Anti fuzzy sets leads to a algebraic structure which we call a \(\mathit{k}\) - \(\mathit{Q}\) - Anti Fuzzy Normed Rings. We also defined \(\mathit{k}\) - \(\mathit{Q}\) - Anti Fuzzy Normed Rings homomorphism,  Anti Fuzzy Normed Subring,  Fuzzy Normed Ideal, \(\mathit{k}\) - \(\mathit{Q}\) - Fuzzy Normed Prime Ideal and \(\mathit{k}\) - \(\mathit{Q}\) - Anti Fuzzy Normed Maximal Ideal of a Normed ring respectively. We show that the some algebraic properties of normed ring theory on a \(\mathit{k}\) - \(\mathit{Q}\) - fuzzy sets, prove theorem and given relevant examples.

  • Research Developments in Science and Technology Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of Science and Technology. The contributions by the authors include Gypsum-cement-pozzolanic binder, modifying additives, water resistance, metakaolin, Ngendeng, image capture, Internet of Things, Participatory Rural Appraisal, Electronic products, hazardous waste, carbon emission, recyclers, sustainability, Bearings, tilting-pad,  stiffness, damping, pivot, flexibility, Centrifugal, corrosion, Networking, flash translation layer SSD, LRU-cache strategy, High energy physics, environmental monitoring, foreign medical tourism, national security, treasure hunt, 3D measurement, soft X-ray, scatterometry, Robust LS, gross error estimate,  PEROBLS 3 Method, Non-Homogeneous Sets of Empirical Variances, PERG Mixed Distribution of Empirical Variances, Robust Variance Components Estimation, PEROBVC Method, Pavement,  overloading, and pavement serviceability rating. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Science and Technology.

  • Theory and Applications of Engineering Research Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of engineering research. The contributions by the authors include transmission system, electrical energy, non-linear load, power quality, Newton-Raphson, voltage stability index, homomorphic algorithms, data integrity in cloud storage, trusted verifier, cloud computing, cloud-powered solutions, businesses flexibility, efficiency, scalability, software complexities, functionally graded porous beam, nth order shear deformation theory, Lagrange’s equations, Hamilton principle, free vibration, natural frequency, RISC and floating point unit, microcontrollers, arithmetic and logical operations, functional graded materials, finite element approach, numerical simulations, Poisson's ratio, Young's modulus, shear modulus, numerical simulations, heaving soils, soil stabilisation, electrokinetic treatment, solid wastes, thermal treatment, shear deformation, buckling of columns, axial load direction, Haringx formulation, FACT devices, power quality, static switched filter, total harmonic distortion, wind energy systems, renewable energy, hydroelectric power plant, sclerometric tests, pedagogic effectiveness, didactic methods, housing design; architecture. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of engineering research.

  • New Innovations in Economics, Business and Management Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of Economics, Business and Management. The contributions by the authors include consumer behavior, consumer experience,  food habits, COVID-19, Ghana’s economy, fiscal and monetary policy, socio-economic impact, Economic methodology, discourse, naturalism, constructivism, realism, methodological individualism, Fur farming, production process, breeding units, development strategies, China’s power strategy, china’s foreign investment, foreign direct investment, Risks, policyholders, oligopoly market, kinked demand curve, Coffee Supply Chain, Life Cycle Assessment, sustainability, Food system, circular economy, environmental impact, urbanization, One stop border posts, trade facilitation initiative, movement of goods and customs posts, Corporate tax, stakeholders’ benefits, corporate performance, corporate social responsibility, employees’ wages, Internal audit system, management support, Social-environment, and innovativeness. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Economics, Business and Management.

  • Advanced Concepts in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical research. The contributions by the authors include anemia, haematological parameters iron deficiency, C-reactive protein, haemoglobinopathies, endonasal surgery, aerosol-generating procedures, chronic musculoskeletal pain, anterior cruciate ligament injuries, quadriceps muscle, exercise therapy, whole body vibration, processing speed, rehabilitation, visual and verbal memory, perforative peritonitis, prognostic factors, mortality, morbidity, antimicrobial therapy, hyperthermia, nano powder, malignant cancer, necrosis, ulceration, controlled local hyper thermia, cervical erosion, colposcopy, cytology, histopathology, faecal fistula, peritonitis, perforation repair, bacterial peritonitis, Intermittent fasting, alternative day fast, diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, dizziness, peripheral vertigo, immunology, crossword puzzles, microbiology, cognitive-behavioral therapy, anxiety disorder, SARS-Cov-2 virus, random mutations, COVID-19 transmission, learning disabilities, human energy field, sound vibration, bacterial isolates, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, drug resistance, wound infection, perinatal morbidity, pregnancy, polygamy, tetanus vaccination, autonomic nervous system, catecholamines, homeostasis, neurodegeneration, neurotransmitter deregulation, schizophrenia, ultradian rhythms. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical research.

  • Dynamic Scheduling for Flexible Manufacture: 15 Computer Programs

    Despite a good many of books published in English and related to the production planning field, till present time, as far as the author knows, there is no book that uses a uniform approach to the most varied tasks of schedule theory based on some relatively new ideas about the production schedules properties – its dynamism. This situation inspired the author to present an English translation of his Russian-language book.

     

    The publication covers 15 tasks what is three more tasks than in the Russian edition. The added last 3 chapters relate to tasks of great complexity. Their inclusion in this book demonstrates great possibilities of the described planning method.

     

    15 tasks in the book cover both order planning and in stock planning; some tasks are typical for discrete production; the other part is for process production. Thus, the proposed calculation method can be used in wide variety of industries. Each of the 15 described problems is solved using a numerical example, the data for which are described in detail, and the resulting solution is analyzed using tables and graphs. In addition, application of the task is considered in the dynamics when recalculating in the new conditions with a new planning date and a new task.

     

    In all considered tasks, the generated schedules fully take into account the workshop schedule, including the operation mode of each shift. If the work can be interrupted (for example, in discrete production), the program fully uses the available reserve of daily working time. If there is not enough time, the work is transferred to the next working day automatically.

     

    The book mainly covers production flexibility in release of various product modifications and alternation of various products release. This type of flexibility is a consequence of group planning use, in which groups are formed according to the type of jobs performed. As is known, the use of technological grouping of jobs provides a small cost of the transition from one job to another within the group.

     

    The purpose of the book is, firstly, to demonstrate the capabilities of the method described, and, secondly, to provide developers of production schedules with specific software solutions applicable to the most of industries. Open texts, explanations in the book and numerous comments to the programs allows employees of enterprises and educational institutions to bring the programs to practical use independently.

  • Current Perspective to Physical Science Research Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of physical science. The contributions by the authors include quantization of mass, 4D space, electromagnetic properties, physical magnitudes, quantum field theory, quantum gravity, electromagnetic mass structure, electromagnetic orienting force, electromagnetic multi-hairy structure, strong force from electromagnetic hybrid, electromagnetic oscillatory neutrino structure, linear proton, hexagonal neutron, quantization of molecular energies, rotational spectra, rotational constant, transition rule, wave number, common wave number interval, reduced mass, moment of inertia, internuclear distance, vibrational spectra, rigid and non-rigid rotors, rotational-vibrational spectra, R-branch and P-branch, harmonic and anharmonic oscillator, dissociation energy, optical absorption, optical conductivity, extinction coefficient, finite amplitude wave, acoustic signal, infrasound propagation, amplitude of the second harmonic, nonlinear distortion coefficients, Coulomb blockade effect, dielectric constant, nanocomposites, nanodielectrics, polymethylsiloxane matrix, carbon nanotubes, Anderson-Holstein Model, agnetic impurity, spectral density function, Kondo effect, relativity principle, accelerated frames, relativistic invariance, Lie groups of transformations, inertial systems, high-efficiency SOFCs, hydrogen separation, energy production, landfill-generated feedstocks, bioenergy, metal enrichment, isotropy, anisotropy, Einstein’s General Theory, cosmology, Sachs-Wolfe effect.  This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of physical science.

  • New Horizons in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of Medicine and Medical Research. The contributions by the authors include Mucocele, appendicitis, peritoneal pseudomyxoma, mucinous cystadenoma, Arterial blood gas, pneumonia, hypoxemia, hypercapnia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Fundic gland polyp, dysplasia, carcinoma, Proton pump inhibitor, COVID-19, fatality,  Caesarean section,  Prenatal diagnosis,  ring chromosome,  Array comparative genomic hybridization, genetic counseling,  organum vasculosum of lamina terminalis , hypertension, angiotensin II, reactive oxygen species,  hypothalamus, Superoxide dismutase, median preoptic nucleus, Cytotoxicity, perforation repair materials, cell culture, Human Gingival Fibroblast cells, Aberrant facial regeneration, martin-amat syndrome, ptosis, marcus-gunn jaw winking, synkinesis, Thoracic aortic aneurysm, electron microscopy, Parathyroid adenoma, hyperparathyroidism, parathyroid hormone, 99mTc-Sestamibi scan, stiff-person syndrome, rhabdomyolysis, anti-GAD antibodies, Spinal cord ependymomas, neurological complications, overall survival factors, Ultrasonography,  computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging,  myotonic dystrophy, Digital hearing aid, otorhinolaryngology, Anal fissure, internal lateral sphincterotomy, Metabolism, fasting blood glucose, cholesterol, inflammation, oxidative stress, hydrogen water, Atrial fibrillation, physiological mechanism, LV dysfunction, atrial systolic pressure, Obstructive sleep apnea, mandibular advancement device, polysomnography, and  pharyngeal volume. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Medicine and Medical Research.

  • Recent Research Advances in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of arts and social studies. The contributions by the authors include education for sustainability, sustainable school, school culture, professional development, participatory planning, inclusivity, teacher education, Islamic education, infusion learning, higher order thinking skills, children’s development, emotional intelligence, conflict management, conflict resolution, theory of planned behavior, knowledge sharing intention, sustainable development goals, indigenous customary law, Yoruba traditional values, mental development, educational concepts, microsystem, children's sociality, fish farming, marine fauna, aquaculture, youth violence, structural violence, peacebuilding, arms proliferation, substance abuse, loan availability, police misconduct, multinomial logistic regression, Darwinian selection theory, materialist-environmental theory, general and specific sociocultural evolution, evolutionary psychology. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of arts and social studies.

  • Insights into Biology, Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

    This book dealt with Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. The study used a descriptive evaluation of the current clinicobiologic patterns and contemporary diagnosis options in chronic myeloid leukemia.  The contributions by the authors include pathogenesis, diagnosis, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, survival, prognosis, acute myeloblasticleukemia, lactate dehydrogenase, gene transcript, mutation, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, cytogenesis. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians.

  • Research and Applications Towards Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of mathematical and computer science. The contributions by the authors include polynomial eigenvalue problem, generalised eigenvalue problem, quadratic eigenvalue problem, linearization, density of primes, prime-number-formula, complete-prime-number-formula, Goldbach's conjecture, twin primes, k-tuples of primes, Internet of things, fuzzy clustering, clustering algorithm, linear systems, time scales, measure chains, exponential stability, endoscopy, image processing, Super saturated design, factorial design, incidence matrix, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test, Pearson’s correlation, Eigenvalue, score plot, Stewart-Love canonical redundancy, Bartlett’s test, generalized-dispersion technique, groundwater contamination, non-abelian gauge theory, formalism, elliptic integrals, null-tetrad, electromagnetic field interactions, vector potentials. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of mathematical and computer science.

  • Vaccine for Biomedics: A Second Revised Edition of Vaccinology at a Glance

    The vaccine and vaccine technology had been fascinating topics for several workers all over the world, since 1880 till now. Several outstanding source books have  been published and available like that of Banker, 1980, CDC Understanding Vaccines, 1998, Kiyon et al, 1996 and Kaufman, 2004, Milligan And Barrett, 2015 Vaccinology, Morrow WJW and associates, 2012, Vaccinology; Principle And Practice; Vashishtha VM and associates, 2014, IAP Text book of Vaccinology. “Vaccinology  at a Glance”  as a  text  is concise  and covers the topics of   vaccines  in an academic  and technological senses. The book  was  framed  into  two  parts. The first the introductory includes history and pioneer contributions, the second part consists of vaccine technology and vaccine immunity for: licensed vaccine, molecular vaccines and vaccine for neglected infectious diseases. This text stands as  an  excerpt  for a decade  from my  life in teaching course of  vaccinology  for fourth year students of major biotechnology, minor  biology in biology  department, college of science  to seven  academic  years and  student of major biotechnology, college of biotechnology, university of Qasim for three years. The lecture handout was updated to fallow the current advancement in the field of vaccine research. The book is intended to serve immunology and biotechnology undergraduate students and researchers in these fields.

    Since 2016 till date , a couple of five years pass,  in which, the  science of vaccine [Vaccinology] gains outstanding current novel contributions like; reverse vaccines, mucosal vaccines, multi-epitope reverse vaccine and nano-vaccine. So the situation implied revision, the present second revised edition of the book “Vaccinology at a Glance, Lap Lambert Academic Publication” with new title” Vaccine for Biomedics”. The revised form included a third part that covers three new chapters as; reverse vaccines, mucosal vaccines and covid-19 vaccines. It is now oriented for biomedical researchers, biomedical professionals and biomedical students.

  • Herbal Approaches towards Diabetes

    Diabetes, a chronic metabolite disorder which affect the millions of individual worldwide and has emerged as a significant global health concern. With the rising prevalence of this disorder, there is an urgent need for the effective and sustainable management strategies. Conventional medicines are used for the treatment of diabetes but the use of herbal approaches for the treatment of diabetes has gained considerable attention in recent years.

    The book chapter aims to explore the potentiality of herbal remedies in the management of diabetes. It delivers the fruitful knowledge about the history of traditional medicine, which has long relied on plant-based therapies to address various ailments. By focusing on the specific herbs that have shown promises in treating diabetes, this chapter provides comprehensive understanding of potential benefits of plant in the treatment of diabetes.

    The chapter begins with a brief discussion about the history, pathophysiology and the types of diabetes along with the mechanism of action that how the blood glucose level rises in the body, what factor is responsible for that, after understanding this process in detail, readers can appreciate how herbal remedies target specific aspects of diabetic management.

    Furthermore, this book also explores the wide range of herbs and their phytoconstituents that is responsible for their antidiabetic properties. Some examples of plant which shows antidiabetic activity is explained in detail.

    Ultimately the book chapter serves as a valuable resource for medical professionals, researchers and seeking alternative approaches to manage diabetes. By exploring the potential of herbal remedies in diabetes management, we hope to contribute to the growing knowledge in this field and promote a holistic understanding of diabetes care.

    We extend our deepest gratitude to the contributing authors for their invaluable expertise and dedication in presenting their research and insights. We also thank the editorial and production teams for their meticulous efforts in shaping this book.

    Disclaimer: The information provided in this book chapter is intended for education purposes only and should not replace professional medical advice. It is very important to consult a medical professional before making changes to already existing treatment plans.

  • A Practical Guide on Surgical Techniques in Functional Neurosurgery

    Functional neurosurgery deals with a wide spectrum of diseases such as movement disorders, epilepsy, trigeminal neuralgia, hemifacial spasm and other neurovascular conflict syndromes, spasticity, failed back surgery syndrome and other kinds of chronic pain. Furthermore, the widespread of intraoperative neuro-monitoring techniques have implemented a “functional approach” also in brain tumors surgery. The functional neurosurgery surgical procedures modify the functioning of the nervous system. This can be done by electrical brain or spinal cord stimulation in Parkinson’s disease or chronic pain, by removing an epileptogenic zone in the brain causing seizures or by removing the arterial compression from the trigeminal or facial nerve in trigeminal neuralgia or hemifacial spasm. These are only some examples of the neurological diseases treated by functional neurosurgeon. In this book, we describe the surgical techniques to perform the functionally guided brain tumors surgery, the frameless deep brain stimulation, the neuronavigated microvascular decompression, the percutaneous trigeminal ganglion balloon compression, the spinal cord stimulation and the intrathecal pump implant. Moreover, we review the epilepsy surgery principles and indications and illustrate the vagus nerve stimulation surgical procedure. We think that this book will be especially useful for residents in neurosurgery and young neurosurgeons who are approaching the fascinating world of functional neurosurgery.

  • Research Advances in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of microbiology and biotechnology. The contributions by the authors include yeast fungus, denture stomatitis, microwave sterilization, mechanical brushing, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, terrestrial ecosystems, soil microbial population, biodegradation, anthropogenic activities, antimicrobial resistance, bacterial strains, antibiotics, umbilical cord, biological association, placenta, hormonal changes, DNA profiling, anti-inflammatory activities, eutrophication, environmental degradation, bioactive compounds, DNA synthesis, sequence tagged microsatellite sites, gene identification, genetic polymorphism, amplified polymorphic DNA, human cytomegalovirus, natural compounds, medicinal mushrooms, cytotoxicity, anti-viral response, neutropenia, wound healing, extracellular matrix, inflammation, fibroblasts, collagen, hemostasis, cell proliferation, granulation, actin proteolysis, metalloproteinases, bacterial invasion, arboviruses, insecticides, chemical insecticides, human monkeypox,  goatpox virus, zoonosis, sporadic human infections, ola haemorrhagic fever, Hanta virus disease, Nipah virus disease, rift Valley fever, bacterin, antigenic potential, adaptive immune system, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, cytokine. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of microbiology and biotechnology.

  • New Trends in Physical Science Research Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of Physical Science. The contributions by the authors include turbostratic graphite, lubricant additive, solid lubricant, nanoparticles, surface classification, topological invariant, riemannian n-manifolds, geometry, topological spaces, De Bruijn graph, de Bruijn 3D-hypertorus, de Bruijn sequence, oil adulteration, photo-oxidation, auto-oxidation, magneto-optics, food authentication, Plate heat exchangers, auxiliary equation mapping method, Ion-acoustic waves, spacetime, general relativity, gravity, astrophysics, cosmology, esterification, biodiesel, metal nanoclusters, mathematical model, colloidal solution, surface plasmon resonance, nanophosphors, cytotoxicity, cable-driven parallel robot, coal gangue picking robot, twilight, doped manganite, mean-field model, phase transitions, quenched disorder. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  Physical Science.

  • Advanced Concepts in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical research. The contributions by the authors include intramedullary fixation, fracture, chronic pelvic pain, coccydynia, ganglion impar block, coccygeal fracture, acute kidney injury, glomerular filtration rates, perinatal asphyxia, chronic kidney disease, extrapulmonary tuberculosis, pleural effusion, tuberculosis, granulomatous lymphadenitis, incidence of pathologies, reactive hyperplasia, peripheral iridotomy, intraocular pressure, malignant glaucoma, anterior hyaloidotomy, diabetes mellitus, fasting blood sugar, platelet count, Strawberry gallbladder, empyema, chronic cholecystitis, zoonosis, molecular entomology, dysmenorrhea, vasoconstriction, pelvic anomalies, giant colonic diverticulum, diverticular disease, EEG mapping, glucose consumption, neocortex, mental diseases, carcinomas, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, fine needle aspiration cytology, histopathology, frozen section specimens, squamous cell carcinoma, parotidectomy, chronic renal failure, traumatic brain injury, communicative disabilities, cadaveric dissection, prosection, virtual dissection, clinical integration, COVID-19 pandemic, fiberoptic examination, surface anatomy. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical research.

  • Challenges and Advances in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of Pharmaceutical Research. The contributions by the authors include hypocholesterolemia, passive smoking, hyperlipidemia, coronary heart disease,  pharmacokinetics, rabbit plasma, histology, phytochemical analysis, active targeting nanoparticles, ligands, chemotherapy, natural active compounds, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy, heart rate variability, computed tomography, malignant pleural effusion, ultrasonography, Closed pleural biopsy, Medical thoracoscopy, cubosomes, carrier systems, drug payloads, herb-derived compounds, traditional medicine, dietary polyphenols, phytoconstituents, structure activity relationship, immunomodulators, anti-inflammatory activity, solid dispersion, pharmacokinetics, artemisinin-based combination therapy, clinical microbiology. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Pharmaceutical Research.

  • Recent Trends in the Study of Botanical Research Volume - 1

    The book presented here actually comprises research papers previously published in national and international journals by the same authors. We've chosen to publish these papers as a book, believing it will be more beneficial to society. The book encompasses various crucial topics, including biodiversity of rare and endangered plants, ethnomedicines, traditional medicinal plant use, phytochemical screening, pharmacognosy of specific medicinal plants, antimicrobial activity of various plant products, vegetational structure, floral biology, floristics, wall flora, and aquatic macrophytes, including weeds in the Vindhyan region of Sidhi District, Madhya Pradesh, India. To enhance readers' comprehension, we have divided the book into several chapters, each dedicated to specific subject matter. We extend our sincere appreciation to the institutions that provided essential support during our research. Finally, we dedicate this book to the memory of my Grandmother, Marhooma Mariam.

  • New Horizons in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 10

    This book covers key areas of Medicine and Medical Research. The contributions by the authors include cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma,  Mycosis fungoides,  Sézary syndrome,  Cutaneous B-cell lymphomas, Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, sarcopenia, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, survival, nutrition, Chronic distortion of the ankle joint, chronic foot pain syndrome,  Hairy polyp, Magnetic resonance imaging,  Computed tomography, Endotracheal tube,  Soft palate, Fibrous stalk, choristoma, stridor,  Pneumonia, nosocomial infections, ventilator-associated pneumonia, ventilator bundle, Pneumoparotid, stensen’s duct, insufflation, subcutaneous emphysema, Chronic calcific pancreatitis, transpapillary pancreatic duct stent, percutaneous drainage, Pancreatic fistula, Dental implant surgery, immediate dental implant loading, implant-supported dental prosthesis, bone transplantation,  contraception, COVID-19 Pandemics, nurses experiences, vaccine hesitancy, Argon-fluorine excimer laser, refractive modeling of the cornea, riboflavin, photoprotection, crosslinking, non-ablative refractive keratomodelling, duct road sign,  pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor, Hydrogen sulfide, BKCa channels, smooth muscle, uterine artery, self-perception, Single-cell genomics analysis, T-cell, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, Thoracic aortic aneurysm, electron microscopy, and Takayasu's arteritis. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Medicine and Medical Research.

  • Explorations in Diophantine Equations

    Since ancient times, number theory has always occupied the unquestioned historical importance of the subject. Number theory is both pure and applied and, at the same time, both classical and modern. The authors aim to integrate the richness and beauty of the subject, and at the same time, the book is full of unexpected usefulness. In the present text, the authors have worked hard to assemble many contrasting aspects of number theory into one standard textbook.

    The contributions by the authors include Diophantine equation, integral solutions, ternary quadratic equation with three unknowns, cubic equation, ternary cubic, narcissistic number, pell equation, transcendental equation, heptagonal pyramidal number, Diophantine triples, triples, perfect square, pyramidal number, octagonal number, octagonal pyramidal number, Rhombic Dodecagonal Number, Diophantine quadruple, gnomonic number, binary quadratic equation, centred polygonal numbers, balancing numbers, encryption-decryption algorithm,  matrix, cryptography, pythagorean prime.

    The now much expanded text covers elements of cryptography and primality testing. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of mathematics and computer science.

  • Prime Archives in Internal Waves

    First of all, I would like to thank the principal, secretary, dean, and director of the school for this book, and I would also like to thank my good friends. In the years that are about to pass away, I have the opportunity to write a book, which is very rare and precious, so I put this book, To you who love to read and are currently reading this book, with infinite gratitude and love, to you

  • An Overview on Business, Management and Economics Research Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of business, management and economics. The contributions by the authors include speculative mining, mining communities, economic activities, economic growth, non-performing loans, Euro banks crisis, political exigencies, credit risk management, influencer marketing’ gadget buying behavior, online social networks, influencer-driven YouTube reviews, brand community, ratio analysis, current ratio, long-term debt-to-equity ratio, debt-to-equity ratio, total debt ratio, financial leverage ratio, inventory turnover, fixed asset turnover, debt-to-capital ratio, interest coverage ratio, return on assets, evolving efficiency, market efficiency testing, model for the assimilation of new information, return predictability, human capital, human competence, asset valuation, human resource management, corporate social responsibility, international agribusiness targeting, geographical Indication, crypto currencies, intraday trading, artificial intelligence, nonlinear models, polynomial model, forensic accountants, bank examiners, fraud risk assessment, Nigeria deposit money banks, economic growth and development. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of business, management and economics.

  • Emerging Challenges in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of Agriculture and Food Science. The contributions by the authors include consumer behavior, food labeling, nutrition, biosorption, heavy metals, antioxidant activities, geographical Indication, ion mobility spectrometry, agricultural ecological map, virgin olive oil, topography, ecological zone, curd cheese enrichment, dough rheology, bread texture, in vitro starch digestibility, glycemic index, nutritional gains, sensory and consumer evaluation, dietary fiber, bakery cereal products, nutritional value, intoxicating substances, biomarkers, bioinformatics, epitope, biological stressors, heat shock protein. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Agriculture and Food Science

  • Effect of Iron Therapy in Preventing Recurrent Febrile Seizures

    Febrile seizures are the most common convulsive disorder of childhood. The exact cause of febrile seizures is not known. In many cases, a seizure might not be predicted or prevented. Epidemiological studies have made substantial contributions to our understanding of the frequency, natural history, and prognosis of febrile seizures.

    Iron deficiency is the most common micronutrient deficiency worldwide and is a preventable and treatable condition. There is considerable evidence that iron is essential for neurological functioning. Iron is needed for brain function, metabolism of neurotransmitters, and for myelination. Thus, iron deficiency may alter the seizure threshold of a child. Iron deficiency is postulated as a risk factor for febrile seizures in children. If iron deficiency anemia is a risk factor for febrile seizure, then correction of anemia with iron therapy should decrease the recurrence of febrile seizure. Hence the study was done to determine the effect of iron therapy on the recurrence of febrile seizures.

  • Research Aspects in Agriculture and Veterinary Science Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of Agriculture and Veterinary Science. The contributions by the authors include resistant crop varieties, breeding for resistance, cultural and biological disease management, induced host resistance, phyto-alexins, organic production, environmental preservation, lignocellulosic biomass, environmental hazard, global human population, feeding system, Mangrove density, aquatic environment, normalized difference vegetation Index, coastal fisheries, blood parameters, oxidative status, verbascoside, qualitative and nutraceutical characteristics, respiratory diseases, metabolites, rumen fluid, subclinical ketosis, ketosis, brucellosis, zoonosis, immunodiagnostic assay. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Agriculture and Veterinary Science

  • Postgraduate Study: An Academic Journey

    This book focuses on masters and doctoral studies (postgraduate degrees). This is mainly because, over the past 17 years, I have been working with masters and doctoral students and I have been deeply involved in masters and doctoral supervision. This book is divided into 15 chapters, each chapter covering a unique aspect of postgraduate study.

    It covers key areas such as importance of postgraduate degree; thinking and planning for postgraduate study; making a university choice for postgraduate degree; choosing a foreign country for postgraduate degree; making applications and admission for postgraduate degrees; applying for postgraduate admission with sponsorship; potential challenges during postgraduate study; handling challenges during postgraduate study; quality research in postgraduate study; student-supervisor relationship; importance of critical thinking in postgraduate study; reasons why postgraduate students fail; path to successful completion of postgraduate etc. The path to successful completion of postgraduate is especially unique in that it highlights key Ps that are essential for success in postgraduate programme. This book is a practical guide and easy to understand for every postgraduate student. It will go a long way to enhance postgraduate study and help students to overcome some of the challenging problems in postgraduate studies. Supervisors will also find the book very useful as it will help them to understand their students better and improve relationship between supervisors and students, promote scholarship and long-term collaboration long after the student has completed his or her masters’ or doctoral study. It is hoped that this book will be a catalyst for various health professionals who are contemplating pursuing postgraduate degree programme but who have not decided. Universities libraries and research institutes and councils will also find this book handy and useful to support their staff who are involved in one kind of supervision or another and their staff who are engaged in postgraduate degree programme.

    I would like to thank my wife, Mrs Faustina Oguntibeju and my children: David Oguntibeju, Praise Oguntibeju, Olujare Oguntibeju and Gbotemi Oguntibeju for their support and understanding during the period of writing this book. Special thanks to Prof CE Ochonogor for accepting to write the foreword to this book even at late hour request.

  • Research Developments in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of Arts and Social Studies. The contributions by the authors include political authority, tribalism, max weber, trauma and memory, continual violence, dementia, orientalism, modernism, Israeli art, Israeli music, sign-object relationship, semiosis, focus group discussion, economic environment, Maritime defence industry, human resources, engineering and technology, shipbuilding design process, firm attitude, flipped classroom, learning strategies, teaching model, financial strain, primary education, stimulus fading, discrimination learning, fading, stimulus hierarchies, errorless learning, human moral, blameworthy, supererogatory, philosophical ethicists, marital satisfaction, married individuals in business, multiculturalism, Beatles’ music, social capital, journalism, digital technology disruption. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Arts and Social Studies

  • Current Innovations in Chemical and Materials Sciences Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of chemical and materials sciences. The contributions by the authors include low-density polyethylene, polylactide, chemical treatment, wood briquettes, rotary-pulsation, polyester polylactide, Polyaniline,, PAni-TiO2 nanocomposite, energy band gap, electrical conductivity, organic solar cells, photocatalytic properties, photovoltaic layer, photodegradation, water purification, organic molecules, biodegradable components, photo-degradation, hydrothermal method, environmental and water contaminants, metal oxide semiconductors, dielectric constant, conductivity, polarization, ferroelasticity, magnetoelectric coupling, nanoparticles of Pd and Ag, frequency modulation, capacitance amplification, microbial composting, pesticides, synthetic fertilizers, solid waste management, activated carbon, biomass, aromatic polymer, hemicellulose accumulation, galacto glucomannans, crack propagation, fiberglass, sulfate corrosion, destruction of cement stone, forced carbonation, carbonate additives, plasticizer, sucrose and urea solutions, isomorphic structures, binary cementitious systems,, heat of hydration, supplementary cementitious materials, additive manufacturing, customized implants, implant design, fused deposition modeling, electron beam melting, plasma treatment, oxygen plasma, CuO nanoparticles, antibacterial property. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of chemical and materials sciences.

  • Research Developments in Science and Technology Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of Science and Technology. The contributions by the authors include Breast tumor, CST studio suite, breast phantom design, microwave breast imaging, microstrip patch antenna, Defected Ground Structure, Specific Absorption Rate, Voltage Standing Wave Ratio , Airline business model, low-cost airline, network carrier airline, corporate social responsibility, sustainability, COVID-19, Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome, hand tractor controller, Internet of things, Deep learning, ImageNet, convolutional neural network, fruits recognition, machine learning, Minimum Vertex Cover, Circulant graph, Complete graph,  Resources, Deadlock,  greenhouse, humidity, prediction, Fuzzy systems, neural networks,  Solar radiation intensity, relative humidity, rainfall, Cloud computing, cloud services, cloud security, genetic algorithm,  Small ruminant grazers, biodiversity, conservation , human and  wildlife conflicts, Wearable technology, wearable device, and  mounted display. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Science and Technology.

  • Current Innovations in Disease and Health Research Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of disease and health research. The contributions by the authors include reproductive health, maternal mortality, neonatal morbidity, SARS-CoV-2, lethal infections, infectious disease, olfaction identification, normative data, cultural adaptation, parallel measures, laryngectomy, neurodegenerative diseases, cultural adaptation, Sniffin’ Sticks Olfactory Test, arterial hypertension, schizophrenia, musculoskeletal disorders, occupational disorders, malnutrition, metabolic syndrome, obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and inflammation, healthcare system, health management, microbiota disease, dysbiosis, microbiota imbalance, gastrointestinal conditions, mental health, psychological well-being, environmental mastery, multiple micronutrients, cervix and the fetus, physiotherapy, paediatrics, medication, musculoskeletal disease, psychosocial impact of illness, Systemic lupus erythematosus, autoimmune disease. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of disease and health research.

  • Current Research in Language, Literature and Education Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of Language, Literature and Education. The contributions by the authors include Teaching, learning, quality assurance, professionalism, Basic science,  curriculum content, material resources, Jewish music, Jewish liturgy, prayer chanting, Jerusalem Sephardi tradition, Semiotics, biophotonics, semio-bio-photonics, holographic resonance, poetic language, mimesis & catharsis, communication & persuasion, Learner retention, online learning, Special educational needs, disability, epistolary studies, narratives, intimacy, Collaborative learning, oral interaction, attitudes, Team-based learning, virtual classroom, active learning, Self-compassion, mindfulness, positive mental health, well-being,  Undergraduate students, COVID-19, and English language teaching. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Language, Literature and Education.

  • Quantum Geometrization of Spacetime in General Relativity

    The main objective of this work is to establish a unified criterion for the development of gravity by quantum mass densities within spacetime. To achieve this goal, we must take a step forward in generalizing the principle of equivalence between inertial and gravitational mass, which is a cornerstone of General Relativity. By applying a simple mathematical manipulation, we can demonstrate that this principle is equivalent to assuming that classical laws of motion transform covariantly into the curved spacetime.

    Similarly, by assuming covariance of quantum equations of motion, it is possible to define the geometry of spacetime induced by quantum physics. In the classical case, we obtain the gravity of spacetime with classical properties, while in the quantum case, we obtain the gravity of spacetime with quantum mechanical properties. In both cases, the principle of least action is utilized to define the geometry of spacetime.

    The quantum geometrization of spacetime can be considered the quantum mechanical analog of General Relativity, where the fields of quantum physics are integrated into the theory of gravitation. This approach can conceptually be considered the generalization, into curved spacetime, of relativistic quantum mechanics already established in flat spacetime. Additionally, the second quantization of fields coupled to gravity in the quantum analog of General Relativity can potentially extend the standard QFT to high energies.

    This theoretical model is significant in that it broadens our understanding of classical phenomena through generalization to the quantum case. Furthermore, it could provide theoretical support to empirical approaches and observations, including but not limited to, antimatter gravity, the resolution of black hole singularities, the origin of small-valued cosmological constants, the decoherence of quantum mechanics due to the background of gravitational waves, the generation of dark energy leading to repulsive gravity at large distances, the gravity-induced breaking of the matter-antimatter symmetry, and the ubiquitous presence of supermassive black holes at the centers of galaxies without mass accretion.

    In addition to astronomical observations, experimental tests on lepton-antilepton magnetic moment differences and entangled photons provide the possibility of empirical confirmation of this theory.

  • Novel Research Aspects in Mathematical and Computer Science Vol. 4

  • Some Research Results on Molluscs (Peanut Worm, Earth Worm) in Type Soil Eco-system, Vietnam

    This is the result of a research team on the habitat of Peanut Worm in mangroves and Earthworms in basalt soil in Vietnam.

  • Research Aspects in Biological Science Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of Biological Science. The contributions by the authors include Biological control, daily oviposition, mortality rate, papaya mealybug, 16S rRNA sequence,   PCR primers, malathion, neem oil, histopathology, biochemical, toxicity, Bioremediation, phytoremediation, biodegradation, environmental pollution, rhyzodegradation, dechlorination, contaminated soil, Intake, carrots, elephant grass, diversity, abundance, dominance, biomass, density, protozoa, rotifer, reservoir, zooplankton, penes and pleopods, morphology, histology, Pulmonary alveoli, CD1 mouse, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease , alveolar morphometric, Peptide, visualization, COVID-19, Mollusks, Molecular Biomarkers, biomonitoring, Genetic variation, papaya genotypes, plant population, Allometry, length-weight relationships, reef fish, and bobo fish traps. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Biological Science.

  • Basics of Special Theory of Relativity

    This book includes the frame of reference, Inertial and non-inertial frames, Galilean transformation equations, Galilean invariance, Michelson-Morley experiment and its negative results, Postulates of the special theory of relativity, Lorentz transformations, Length contraction, Time dilation, Velocity addition theorem, Variation of mass with velocity, Mass energy equivalence.

  • Technological Innovation in Engineering Research Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of Engineering Research. The contributions by the authors include Stretching surface,  Eckert number, suction/injection parameter, viscous dissipation, Fiber optic sensors, modeling of fiber optic sensor, optimization method, prototype design of fiber optic sensors, ray tracing model, Phase Frequency Detector, fuzzy sets, Fuzzy Translation, fuzzy multiplication, BH – Algebras, Yellow phosphors, solid-state white lighting, blue chips, led lamps, Eigenvalues, Linear Quadratic Regulator, Power System Stabilizer, Static Var Compensator,  Activated carbon, corn ash, straw ash, heavy metal, nickel (II) Ion, Fault diagnosis, feature extraction, least mean square, multi layer perceptron neural network, mind evolution computation algorithm, Oil produced water, photocatalyst, Structural adhesive, T-stiffener, numerical modelling, finite element method, impact loading, Aluminium and alloys, stepped-joint, finite element analysis, stress analysis, joint design, Finite Element Analysis, Chip-tool-interface, coefficient, forces, lagrangian-formulation, nodes, simulation,  machining,  Adhesive joint, fracture tests, fracture toughness, and cohesive zone models. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Engineering Research.

  • LED in Dentistry

    The integration of Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) into the field of dentistry has ignited a remarkable transformation, reshaping the way oral healthcare is practiced and experienced.In this rapidly evolving field of dental healthcare, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have emerged as a transformative force, reshaping the way dental professionals diagnose, treat, and care for their patients. As we delve into the pages of this book, we embark on a journey to explore the multifaceted applications and profound impact of LED technology within the realm of dentistry.Dentistry, like many other fields, has been profoundly influenced by advancements in technology. LEDs, known for their efficiency, durability, and adaptability, have infiltrated every corner of the dental practice, from the diagnostic tools that illuminate the oral cavity with unparalleled precision to the curing lights that ensure the longevity and esthetic quality of dental restorations. LEDs have not only improved the efficiency of dental procedures but have also enhanced the overall patient experience, promoting comfort and satisfaction.

    The motivation behind this book stems from the realization that LEDs in dentistry represent more than just a technological innovation; they signify a paradigm shift in dental care. By illuminating the oral landscape with unprecedented clarity, LEDs have empowered dental professionals to make more accurate diagnoses and develop tailored treatment plans that cater to the specific needs of each patient. This transformation extends beyond the clinical setting, as LEDs are now integral to the educational environment, enabling dental students to learn and perfect their craft with the latest tools and techniques.As we delve deeper into the pages of this book, we will explore the myriad applications of LEDs in dentistry. We will journey through the world of intraoral imaging, where LED-equipped cameras reveal intricate details that were once hidden from view. We will venture into the realm of surgical lighting, where LEDs enhance precision and safety during complex dental procedures. We will investigate the potential of photobiomodulation, where LEDs offer new avenues for pain management and accelerated healing. And we will unveil the secrets of teeth whitening, where LEDs play a pivotal role in creating brighter, more confident smiles.

    While the integration of LEDs in dentistry has brought about remarkable benefits, it also raises important questions about standardization, safety, and the long-term effects of these technologies. This book will delve into these challenges, shedding light on the ongoing research and development efforts aimed at ensuring that LEDs continue to be a safe and effective tool for dental practitioners.We are deeply grateful to the numerous experts, researchers, and dental professionals who have contributed their knowledge and insights to this comprehensive exploration of LEDs in dentistry. Their expertise has enriched this book, ensuring that it serves as a valuable resource for dental practitioners, educators, researchers, and students alike.

  • Research Developments in Science and Technology Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of  Science and Technology. The contributions by the authors include Structural adhesive, adhesive joint, T-joint, finite element method, stress analysis, cohesive zone model, Computer assisted detection, pulmonary embolism, segmentation, mediastinum, Glycerol-water mixture, CFD analysis, double pipe heat exchanger, convective heat transfer, overall heat transfer, Cu nanofluids, glycerine-water base liquid, viscosity, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, SI engine, methanol, fuel performance, exhaust emissions , catalytic converter, Radioactive pollution, contaminated soil samples, Uranium-contaminated mud, Digging wells mud, Sustainable mobility, public transport, urban mobility, road traffic, air pollution, Housing delivery methods, housing quality levels, Effective length, rigidity, displacement, lateral stiffness, inter-story displacement, Classification learner technique, characteristic techniques, support vector machines models, machinery condition monitoring, lubrication conditions monitoring, remaining life prediction, Alumina, grapheme, spark-plasma sintering, composite, electrical conductivity, Digital eco-system, technology disruption, COVID-19 pandemic, global ICT power house, Renewable energy technology, solar water heater, and  solar water heating collectors. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  Science and Technology.

  • Emerging Issues in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of environment, geography and earth science. The contributions by the authors include hydrocarbon, depositional environment, transverse fault, seismic data, depositional systems, geophysical activity, earthquake, magnitude, factor of safety, liquefaction potential index,  liquefaction, disaster management, natural disasters, water pressure, ground water level, rainfall-induced landslide hazards, irrigation, geo-engineering,  theory of the hot origin of the earth, hypothesis of initially hydride earth, magnetic separation of elements, atom ionization energy, electron affinity, electronegativity, hydrides, polyhydrides, Earth expansion, superconductivity of the Earth’s core, erosion mechanisms, nested catchments, preferential erosion, selective remobilization, soil mineralization, hydrological regimes, anthropogenic activities, soil erosion, climate change, ecosystems, geographic information system, irrigation system, malnutrition. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of environment, geography and earth science.

  • Research Aspects in Chemical and Materials Sciences Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of Chemical and Materials Sciences. The contributions by the authors include High cycle fatigue, fracture characteristic, surface roughness, surface scratches detection, Al alloy, bifilm,  cracks, Si modification, textures, Ceramic coatings, chromophore agents, Green synthesis, metal oxides, reducing agent, capping agent, plant extract, Finite element method, cohesive zone models, structural adhesive, tubular joints, torsional load, Biodiesel fuel, isolated single droplet combustion, carbon chain length, saturated fatty acid methyl ester, Additives, compressive strength, gypsum, mortar, trass, Crystallinity, Micro Bivis, Au Metal nanoparticles, kinetics in microemulsions, reduction rate, intermicellar exchange rate, Potassium, acetic acid, tartrate, calcium, biomass, incineration ash, syngenite, Steel, bridge, corrosion, lead, coating, conservation, restoration, Supercritical carbon dioxide, free fatty acids, UNIFAC method, mass transfer modeling, Titanium dioxide, electrochemical anodization, bandgap, hydrogen generation, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Chemical and Materials Sciences.

  • Advanced Concepts in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical research. The contributions by the authors include erosion, abrasion, abfraction, attrition, stomatognathic system, non-carious cervical lesions, bone substitute, calcium concentration, x-ray diffraction, granulometry, maxillofacial surgery, periodontics and orthopedics, Brain injury, nutrition adequacy, nutrition assessment, malnutrition, periodontitis, pathogenesis, cytokines, immune system, gingivitis, Lingual abscess, tongue abscess, glossal abscess, genotype, recombinant, direct-acting antivirals, hepatitis C virus, post-mortem drowning, epileptics, laryngeal spasm, chemical pneumonitis, electrolyte imbalance, primary biliary cholangitis, immune thrombocytopenia, Evans syndrome, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, autoimmune hepatitis, chronic disease, vaccine hesitancy, community health, health education, central neuraxial block, sonoanatomy, genomics, proteomics, genome sequencing, flap vascular complications, microsurgical reconstruction, postoncologic defects, anisometropia, smartphone-based test for measure aniseikonia, computer-based tests for measurement of aniseikonia, photophobia, ophthalmology. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical research.

  • Current Advances in Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences. The contributions by the authors include Desalination, conventional solar still, coconut husk, energy analysis, exergy analysis, intermittent irrigation, snake river, Geoelectric, sensitivity, arrays, linear, Landslide,  pressure-probe, fracture, loess landslide, Intermittent water service, continuous water service, non-revenue water, physical losses, commercial losses, Morphometry,  GIS,  Total dissolved gas, operational regulation, hydrodynamics, water temperature, numerical simulation, Pusa hydrogel, upland soil, and  soil moisture. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences.

  • Advances and Challenges in Science and Technology Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of science and technology. The contributions by the authors include cloud attenuation model, satellite services, telecommunication applications, climatic model, broadband Internet, moderate resolution imaging spectrometer, electric vehicle, electronic control techniques, lifting-tipping device, modern calculation methods, energy efficiency, energy refurbishment, environmental technological design, existing building, SDGs, resource circularity, environmental sustainability, energy refurbishment, climate change, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, equivalent of deformation, program software, cycle of loading, Biomass, bioenergy, energy resources, fossil fuels, lignocellulosic materials, interference analysis, CDMA capacity, path loss modeling, mobile spatial location, cellular network capacity, waste management, telemedicine, adjacency matrix, incidence matrix, EV control system, sensory system, driver control system, cognitive flexibility, strategic behavior, gaming mouse, human-computer interaction, cybernetic loss, motion-sensing technology, Gaussian integral, Euler-Poisson integral, exponential function, error function, upper-lower bounds, resistive switching, organic ReRAM, conduction mechanism, green computing. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of science and technology.

  • Current Topics on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of Chemistry and Biochemistry. The contributions by the authors include Gas chromatograph with mass detector, chemical warfare agent, nerve agent, blister agent, response factor, microorganisms, Extended viologens, Zincke salt, metathesis reaction, ionic liquid crystals, thermotropic, differential scanning calorimetry, polarizing optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, ANS fluorescence, DPH emission polarization, alpha-tocopherol carba analogue, phase transition, liposome melting, Host- guest inclusion complex, ionic liquid, cyclodextrin, surface tension, Conductance, metathesis reaction, gel permeation chromatography, hairy-rod polymers, lyotropic liquid-crystalline phase, polarizing optical microscopy, Small-Angle X-ray Scattering, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, luminescence, UV-Vis spectroscopy, aggregation, Arginine, brain aging, catechin, epigallocatechin gallate, green tea, stress reduction, theanine, Sodium saccharine, glassy carbon electrode, carbon nanotubes, and cyclic voltammetry. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Chemistry and Biochemistry.

     

  • Recent Research Advances in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of arts and social studies. The contributions by the authors include rugby league, movement analysis, performance testing, sprinting, athletes, collision-based sport, personal identity, philosophical expression, violence, therapeutic consultation, mental and social attention, leadership talent, implication of leadership in nursing, labor therapy, social isolation, school-based occupational therapy, leisure management, social service, medical and social rehabilitation, labour therapy, natural selection, global security, biological foundation, social cohesion, children’s feelings, socio-emotional experiences, public morality, public ethics, preventing corruption, police accountability, corporate  sustainability, brand marketing, branding, doodling, intentional art, visual thinking, Inclusive education, human rights, special education, sacred forest, sacred trees, metaphorical projection, discourse of Iraqi media, metaphor. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of arts and social studies.

  • New Horizons in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 11

    This book covers key areas of Medicine and Medical Research. The contributions by the authors include text neck syndrome, COVID-19 pandemic, dermatology life quality index, anxiety and depression, asepsis, dental structure, Convergence Proximate Point, Autologous fat grafting, head and neck cancer, oncological safety, oncologic risk with fat grafting, analytical decision-making model, renal arteriovenous malformation, renal arteriovenous fistula, hematuria, colour doppler, angiography, transcatheter arterial embolization, liver fibrosis, liver stiffness, Gibson's affordance, knee proprioceptive system, affordance-based-assessment, knee synergy, instantaneous knee screw, decellularization, ECM hydrogel, acute pancreatitis, apigenin, antioxidant enzymes, perinatal mortality, perinatal death, antifungal medication, Dysphonia plica ventricularis, perinatal morbidity, preterm vaginal delivery, mid follicular phase, sex hormones, middle cervical ganglion, inferior cervical ganglion, subclavian artery, vertebral artery, respiratory illness, infectious diseases, pain anxiety, myocarditis. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  Medicine and Medical Research.

  • Current Perspectives in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of agriculture and food science. The contributions by the authors include food processing, microbiology, SWOT analysis, microbial fermentation, microbial ecosystem, traditional foods, traditional dishes, regional economies, meat products, commercialization, fruit density, fruit ripening, catfish farming model, high-density culture, environmental pollution, aquaculture, food supplements, food and beverage additives, global positioning systems, antagonistic anthropogenic activities, agro-climate and biodiversity, bioindustry and bioenergy, global climate change, coffee productivity, genetic base, genetic variation, environmental gradients, organoleptic and biochemical compositions, pyrolysis. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of agriculture and food science.

  • Estimation of Fluoride and Sirtuin1 in Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy in Kolar District of Karnataka, India

    We are glad to present a study on non- skeletal fluorosis in Kolar District. Till date there studies on skeletal and dental fluorosis based on which scorings were allotted. Non- skeletal fluorosis are mentioned in various books since decades but are not emphasized in routine. Today’s research will be in tomorrow’s diagnostic, hence, estimation of serum and urine fluoride in population exposed to fluoride since years must be made mandatory in laboratories set up in fluoride endemic districts.

    As a reopening of the subject on non- skeletal fluorosis, we estimated fluorosis in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus, diabetic nephropathy compared with the healthy controls. All the subjects were resident of the same district. As a fact, fluoridated water is a consequence of drought which is one of the prime reasons in Kolar district. Therefore, the difference in effect of fluoride and its consequence on subjects varies which may be due to the difference in the genetic make up.

    Apart from fluoride and fluorosis, the study also includes an interesting anti- aging molecule ‘Sirtuin1’. The vested interest was to find a molecule which could predict fluorosis or decrease the severity of fluorosis in health and disease. The theory behind linking fluoride with Sirtuin1 is the aging process. The hypothesis of fluorosis is, fluoride exposure is directly proportional to prevalence of aging disorder such as diabetes mellitus, thyroid disorder, cancer, metabolic syndrome etc. Hence, there may be alteration in the sirtuin1 which is designated as a molecule which helps in repair of wear and tear. The latest theories of intermittent fasting and calorie restriction essentially depends on sirtuin1. This made us work on sirtuin1 linked to fluoride.

    As we move along the process of aging and collecting the other factors responsible for aging, the pro- aging molecule in Diabetes mellitus that is Advanced Glycation End products (AGEs) are thought to plan a key role in enhancing the collateral damages in diabetes mellitus especially in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Since the micro vascular complication included in this study is Diabetic nephropathy (DN), the AGE predominantly increased during DN as per literature review is Carboxy Methyl Lysine (CML) was added to the study. Also, the fluoride excretion is largely through urine the association between CML and Fluoride was studied for a better clarity on the mechanism. Therefore, apart from serum and urine fluoride, estimation of plasma CML if included as a routine diabetic profile molecule, may prevent the further systemic complications.

    Among all the molecules explained above are related to fluorosis and health. One of the additional parameter which helps monitoring the glucose metabolism is ‘Insulin’. Fasting insulin was assayed to find the extent of resistance and sensitivity of cells to Insulin by Homeostasis Model Assessment- Insulin Resistance (HOMA- IR) and Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI). Based on the insulin reception by the cell, the overall bodily metabolism is evaluated. The major aging disorders depends on glucose metabolism which in turn depends on the hormones; Glucagon an Insulin.

    In summation, this book portrays the novel correlation of Fluoride in diabetes with Sirtuin1 (anti- aging) and CML (Pro- oxidant). The exposure of readers to this flow and linkage may be an opener to include these molecules in diagnostics in future as prognostic marker of aging disorders. Sirtuin1 can be included in therapeutics after further evaluation of its role in a larger cohort studies.

  • Advanced Concepts in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of pharmaceutical research. The contributions by the authors include quality control, quality assurance, current good manufacturing practices, calibration, computer systems, stability testing, regulatory compliance, clinical management, excitotoxicity, neurotransmitters, nanoparticles, chitosan, gelation technique, antibiotics, HIV infection, therapeutic action, body immune system, cowpox virus, conjugate vaccines, toxoid vaccines, recombinant vaccines, anticholinergic effects, cell proliferation, serotonin receptor, SARS-CoV-2, medication regime, social isolation, medication, phytochemicals, antimicrobial activities, genetic diversity, pharmacological potential, phytomarker, phytoconstituents, finger printing analysis, herbal ingredients, DNA profiling, molecular spectroscopy, chromatographic fingerprinting, pharmacological activities, chemical constituents, anti-inflammatory properties, anti-ageing and anticancer properties, proliferative disorders, cancer therapy, heterodimers, cell cycle progression, haematological malignancies, Hodgkin’s disease, prostate cancer, proto-oncogenes, antioxidants, vitamins; polyphenols, reactive oxygen species, oxygen metabolites, anti-aging effects. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of pharmaceutical research.

  • Administration or Finance Positions vs Teaching. Seeking Work Satisfaction and Professional Development

    One of the effects of the financial crisis that erupted in 2008 was the phenomenon of transfers of Civil Servants, in order to reduce the operating costs of the Public Sector. The phenomenon of transfers has been widely applied in the field of education. Many teachers in a climate of insecurity and under the threat of dismissal, chose to apply to the Ministry of Education for a transfer either as a teacher in Primary Education or in administrative positions. After the first years of the financial and economic crisis, there is a constant flow of revocations of transfers and a pervasive reflection on the professional course of these teachers.

    Since then, many teachers have been forced to choose to move to administrative positions in the Directorates of Education in order not to face the possibility of their dismissal or to secure a job closer to their place of permanent residence, but perhaps for other reasons. In addition to these teachers, there are many others who in the past, under different circumstances and perhaps for different reasons, were relocated, essentially changing their profession.

    Transfer is a form of employee mobility and essentially means leaving a job and re-hiring. Conceptually, there are two types of transfers: Those that take place in education based on an institutional framework (L.1566 / 85, 3528/2007) and concern a change of grade and those that take place, compulsorily or almost compulsorily in the context of the administrative restructuring of public administration (N. 4024/2011, 4093/2012). The result of both forms is the change of the professional status of the employees-employees and the question arises as to whether and what kind of professional reorganization exists and what are its consequences.

    From the organizations' point of view, job satisfaction is a matter of major interest and this is justified by the fact that human resources are a very important factor for their operation. This is because job satisfaction is linked to their performance resulting in the financial and organizational development of organizations. From the employees' point of view, job satisfaction is also very important for them, if we consider that an employee spends a large part of his day and life in his workplace and is often preoccupied with work issues outside of him and beyond working environment and hours.

    In addition, the professional development of employees is particularly beneficial for organizations. Therefore, in order to support the human resources and to use them effectively, the organization should follow similar strategies so that there is professional satisfaction and the possibility of professional development.

    In our case, the reasons that led teachers to their decision to transfer, the degree of professional satisfaction, the difficulties and the possibilities of their professional development, regardless of whether their decision was involuntary or voluntary, are issues that we consider necessary to be explored through this work.

  • Current Innovations in Chemical and Materials Sciences Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of chemical and materials sciences. The contributions by the authors include artificial intelligence, distributed artificial intelligence, symbolism, sub-symbolism, multi-agent systems, mono-block systems, generative artificial intelligence, high-power energy, dielectric capacitors, transducers, computer memory, energy storage density, hybrid electric vehicles, supercapacitors, monitored excavations, calibrated model, rock structure, rock mass, geomechanic problems, high-energy density permanent magnets, electrical energy, electromagnetic field excitation systems, magnetic flux density, intermetallic complexes, field ion microscopy, intense external influences, Graphene-aluminum composite, ball milling, microhardness, micro raman, photocatalytic activity, nanotechnology, photocatalyst, biosensors, optoelectronics, composite materials, expanded perlite, plastic waste recycling, mechanic characteristics, high speed solidification method, eutectic film, macrostructure control, fibre-reinforced composites, hydrogen plasma, corrosion resistance, heat healing, capillary porous systems, mine tailings, flash calcination, pozzolanic activity, compressive strength, anthropogenic activities, waste disposal. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of chemical and materials sciences.

  • New Trends in Physical Science Research Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of Physical Science. The contributions by the authors include Chemical method, Polyvinyl Alcohol, X-ray diffraction analysis, Transmission electron microscopy, band gap energy, Fine-structure constant, four- dimensional spherical space, space-time manifold, variable modulus effect, Axial rotation, centrifugal force, counterclockwise, gravity, neutron stars, proto-planetary disk,   atom, galaxy, energy pool, black hole, white hole, recycling, Nickel oxide, spray Pyrolysis technique, X-ray diffraction, Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, optical properties, Magnetic field, Boltzmann relation, Bohm velocity, plasma physics, Momentum autocorrelation function, acoustic and optic branches, convolution theorem, addition theorem, Jacobian elliptic functions, Quasinormal modes, General Theory of Relativity , Optical injection, modulation, optoelectronic feedback, mode hopping, chaos, CdTe solar cells, heterojunction, low illumination application, Cosmology, speed of light, quantum gravity, Vibration studies, Raman spectra, Discrete Fourier transform, FMO contours, ESP contours, Radiological threats, nuclear threats, crisis management, dc-conductivity, Symmetric cell, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, Electron, positron, gravitational constant, string theory, and fine structure constant. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Physical Science.

  • Emerging Issues in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of agricultural sciences. The contributions by the authors include actinomycetal counts, inorganic fertilize, micro-organisms, actinomycates, plant-growth compounds, mineral nutrients, antibiotics, herbicide, global agriculture, weed management practices, condition assessment model, irrigation water management, condition index, agrichemicals, irrigation schemes, water-use efficiency, flood irrigation methods, vocational education, agricultural primary production, cassava mosaic disease, thermotherapy, biotic limitation, traditional crop, phytosanitation, molecular mechanism, paddy production, yield gap of paddy production, agricultural impact on air quality, atmospheric ammonia, acidic pollutants, industrial emissions, transcriptome analysis, plant viruses, fruit productivity, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, high-throughput sequencing, drought stress, root development, harmful organic nitrogen fertilizers, blooming process, drought tolerance in legumes, nutritious fodder, soil nutrients, fisher linear discriminant function, confusion matrix. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of agricultural sciences.

  • Utilization of Industrial Waste in the Production of Sulfate-resistant Cement

    This monograph dealt with Utilization of Industrial Waste in the Production of Sulfate-resistant Cement. The results of this research highlights the topical problems for the use of tailings from the lead concentration and copper smelting factories of the Almalyk Mining and metallurgical combine in the production of sulfate-resistant Portland cement as an active mineral additive. The contributions by the authors include industrial waste management, mechanical strength, hydration activity, sulfate resistance, hydration, mineralogical assay, flotation wastes. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Language, Literature and Education.

  • Novel Aspects on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of chemistry and biochemistry. The contributions by the authors include rice amylase, hydrolysis, reaction velocity, pharmaceuticals, glycosidic linkages, hydrolysis of starch, antibacterial activity, antioxidant activity, structure-activity relationship,  carbonyl function, heterocyclic compounds, therapeutics, pharmacophore, glycobiology, enzymatic process, glycoconjugates, High-activity immune system modulators, physiological pathways, nanotechnology, photovoltaic cells, polymer nanofibers, immunosuppressive medication, chromatographic separation, colon tumors, mammary cancer, atherosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, oxygen heterocyclic compounds, biological importance, targeted therapy, cancer biology, hyperhomocysteinemia, gene–environment interaction, epigenetics, fatigue strength, eutectic solvent, eutectic plasticizer, metal complex, antimicrobial properties, langmuir monolayer; hysteresis loop, nanoparticles, nanotechnology, polymerization, monodisperse lattices, crystallization, polymer-monomer particles, emulsifier-free synthesis, oxidative stress, redox equilibrium, reactive oxygenated species, inflammatory diseases, nonlinear optical materials, communication technology, electro-optic effect, photonics. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of chemistry and biochemistry.

  • Mycotoxins: An Under-evaluated Risk for Human Health

    The growing interest in the consumers’ Health Risks associated with mycotoxigenic fungi and their mycotoxins has led to the development of several research projects during the past decade in several European countries. All these efforts have generated a great deal of information on the natural occurrence of these unwanted contaminants in raw foods, feeds, vegetables, and transformed foods and, consequently, to evaluate human exposure to these natural toxins in human samples like biological fluids. Contaminants are chemical substances that pose a serious risk to animal and human health. These substances have not been intentionally added to food or feed and may be occurring as a result of the various stages of its field production, food processing, transport, or food storage and may result from environmental contamination or from the low quality of foods or the management of part or entire food chains.

    The main emphasis of the present book is to collect effective, rapid, and reproducible methods, which can be easily applied to the identification of mycotoxins in routine food analysis.

    Among the various available method approaches used in the pretreatment of samples, the QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) approach represents is largely employed to extract different groups of compounds and represents the most frequently used pretreatment technique in foods analysis.

    The most frequent analytical methods adopted by research laboratories and surveillance government agencies are based on liquid chromatography coupled with MS. The use of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) provides higher sensitivity, a reduction in mobile phase consumption with consequent reduction of the environmental impact of analyses, and an increase in resolving power and peak shape. High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) provides sensitive and specific measurements for the quantification of targeted compounds, with the additional features of making retrospective data analysis and the identification of untargeted compounds based on exact mass measurements.

    This volume provides a detailed overview of the occurrence of mycotoxin and other contaminants in vegetables, foods, food supplements, and biological fluids that can serve as a basis for risk management-based regulatory decisions in charge of public institutions to shield consumers’ health.

    The main aim of this book is to highlight the practical aspects of mycotoxin contamination highlighting the importance of monitoring the quality of sources and moulds in order to protect consumers’ health.

    Careful attention is given to the understanding of toxicity and its impact on the performance of animals exposed to mycotoxin-contaminated feedstuffs.

  • Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Current Therapy, Challenges, and Future Therapeutic Candidates

    This book focuses on the past, current treatment and future therapeutic candidates of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) as well as the challenges facing clinicians and researchers. Therefore, this book is a comprehensive exploration of the treatment for one of the most common hematological malignancies in adults.

    In the following pages, we described the landscape of AML, delving deep into its molecular aspects such as, diagnostical and therapeutical targets, current treatment modalities, and the challenges in treatment particularly the resistant. AML has been intensively studied. However, the suitable treatment of AML stills unmet, pushing the boundaries of our molecular understanding vitally needed.

    This book specifically aimed to capture the critical advancements for emerging future therapeutic candidates that could lead to potential management of AML. We began with an exploration of the common genetic abnormalities and mutations and epigenetic modifier in this leukemia, providing a solid foundation for understanding the molecular aspects of AML. From which, we clearified the clinical landscape, discussing the developments in diagnosis, risk stratification, and treatment options. We also explored the treatment challenges faced ranging from bone marrow transplantation to the management of therapy-related complications and bioactive compounds against AML which could be a future candidate for such cancer.

    So, we hope this book will be a valuable resource for medical, biomedical students, and cancer researchers to navigate the complexities of AML and pave the way for a brighter future.

    Thank you for embarking on fighting leukemia and other cancers.

  • With 'Gill's Electronic Theory of Magnetism 1964'

    Physics is an effort to explain the various phenomenon that we observe as best as we can so that the same maybe put to better use for humanity on our planet and elsewhere.

    ‘Maxwell’s dipole theory of magnetism 1873’ leads to anomalies like the asymmetry issue between magnetism and electricity and should be replaced with ‘Gill’s electronic theory of magnetism 1964’ which does away with the asymmetry issue and dot products are enough. The cross products of Henrik Lorentz 1893 are not required.

    ‘Gill’s electronic theory of magnetism 1964’ leads us towards the temperature dependent stages of magnetization while combining the Meissner experiment of 1933 and the high temperature experiments of Pierre Curie. 

    ‘Gill’s electronic theory of magnetism 1964’ explains the result of Faraday’s iron ring experiment 1831. The Bullet train physics will be simplified and made more economical.

    Message from the SUN 1859 explains how the electrical energy from the SUN heads for the Earth and how it may be used with the ‘coil effect’ as a source of clean energy.

    Sir Isaac Newton in 1687 presented the concept of gravity and later in his essay in 1713, he wrote ‘Hypothesis non fingo’ meaning he did not know where gravity came from. ‘Gill’s electronic theory of magnetism 1964’ helps to explain the source of the gravity and goes on to show how an object loses weight with height and we have the satellite situation. It also explains mathematically why the same pendulum has a greater acceleration near the magnetic poles of the Earth as compared to the equator.

    Message from the SUN 1859 explains how the electrical energy from the SUN heads for the Earth and how the mild electrical energy reaching the ground maybe amplified with the ‘coil effect’ to provide an unlimited source of clean energy.

  • Advanced Research in Biological Science Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of biological science. The contributions by the authors include biometric parameters, food value, embryogenic system, forage legume crops, leguminous plants, coconut cultivation, ecosystem, perianth tissues, heavy metals, herbicide, pollutants, chemical substances, latex harvesting system, plantation management, dryness syndrome, natural rubber, diversity indices, biodiversity of insect pests, genetically engineered cotton, insect pests fauna, phylogeny, genome sequencing, vascular tissues, plant evolution, plant evolution, microplastics, environmental and public health, marine animals, plastic pollution, benthic sediments, waste management, DNA extraction, genomic DNA, biohazards, animal pollinators, electromagnetic radiation, nest orientation, DNA replication, magnetic properties, residual magnetization, shortening of the telomere, intra uterine insemination, sperm chromatin dispersion, Sperm DNA fragmentation, photoperiod, reproductive efficiency, feed digestibility, rumen characteristics, apoptosis, comet assay, metabolic adaptations, environmental stresses, phagocytosis. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of biological science.

  • Essentials of Disaster Management and Humanitarian Assistance for Health Care Workers

    The basis of writing this book stems from my passion for developing reference material for managing disasters as the world moves further into technology, climate change, and human conflict there is a greater need to access technical approach to manage the disasters. Disasters cause havoc that leads to immense economic lose throughout the world. The author was motivated to write this book after experiencing a dam burst disaster at a remote area in Nakuru county of Kenya. The disasters recorded in this book occurred in various parts of the world. The suffering of internally displaced persons touches the hearts of many people. Whereas natural disasters can be viewed as inevitable, displacements of people because of human caused disasters cannot be forgiven regardless of the reason.

    The book has been organized into chapters. A general approach of how disasters can be reduced if not prevented forms a core component. The approach is in a disaster continuum taking into consideration that something can be done to reduce or mitigate disaster at every phase of the cycle.

    In truth, I could not achieved this without support of various groups of people. First of all my medical students at Egerton University Kenya, who did a wonderful term paper that contribute to writing this book. Second my relatives, nuclear family and the larger Njeru”s family. I can’t forget the academic staff in the department of community health at Egerton University for their enormous input.

  • Advanced Concepts in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical research. The contributions by the authors include neurosurgery, plain x-ray, angiography, myelography, phlebotomy, infectious risks, vascular calcification, ulceration, necrosis of the skin, calcific uremic arteriolopathy, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia and chronic alcoholism, ligamentum venosum, scrotal calcinosis, dermal nodules, scrotal itching, dystrophic calcium deposition, carbon dioxide laser, polymerase chain reaction, restriction fragment length polymorphism, single nucleotide polymorphisms, prostate cancer, ablative radiotherapy, radical prostatectomy, Down syndrome, chromosome correction, neural stem cells, gene editing, epigenetic regulation, colonic tuberculosis, deep vein thrombosis, inflammatory indicator, hypothyroidism, lipid metabolism, dyslipidemia, pituitary gland, diabetes mellitus, neoplasms, ovarian tumors, gynecology, fertility, leiomyosarcoma, immunohistochemistry, hematuria, embryonic mesoderm, malignant tumors. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical research.

  • New Trends in Physical Science Research Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of Physical Science. The contributions by the authors include intrinsic frequency, Membrane technology, helical symmetry, mass density, schrodinger equation, Electromagnetic radiations, photoelectric effect,  fuzzy quantum probability, fuzzy wave function, membership function, membership degree amplitude, fuzzy probability amplitude, validation accuracy, coronavirus infection, Bernstein inequality, Erdos-lax inequality, polynomials, maximum modulus, Evaporation, crystal growth, electro-optics, Maredan clay, heterogeneous catalyst, biodiesel, photocatyalatic activity, viscosity, nuclear fusion, Euler's equation, astrophysics, electromagnetic interaction, particle physics, classical color theory, Azimuthal distributions, anode blocks, vacuum microwave sources, collision regulations, multiple ship situations, gravity quantization, cosmological constant, dark energy, dark matter, Binary asteroid, surface equilibrium, surface dynamics, surface mass shedding, Newton gravitational constant, angular velocity, cosmology, extended space model, gravitational impact, non-zero vacuum pressure. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  Physical Science.

  • Professional Development of Outstanding Physics Teachers

    The strength of an education system depends largely on the quality of teachers. The professional development of teachers is the requirement and inevitable trend of the development of modern education. Cultivating teachers with professional standards has become the core goal of teacher education reform around the world. A major goal of teacher professional development is often to become an excellent teacher and to promote students’ learning achievement.

    In the renewed context of deepening curriculum reform in basic education, the construction of the teaching force is faced with new requirements and serious challenges, and the reform and development of teacher education is of greater strategic significance. Excellent and outstanding teachers are the core element of quality education services, the exemplary representatives of talents in education and the mainstay of innovation-driven development in education. Excellent teachers means those teachers who could comprehensively utilize creative thinking ability and creative practice ability to labor creatively, explore new suppose, make new products, and make great contributions in the development of the education domain, and can be confirmed by the experts in the same vocation.

    In the new era, it is an important task for teachers college to vigorously cultivating high-quality teacher-training students, actively participate in in-service teacher training to provide outstanding teachers for basic education. In view of this, teacher educators must fundamentally explore the reform of teacher education and organically combine pre-service and post-service teacher education to improve the overall level of teacher education and enhance the comprehensive quality and professional abilities of teachers.

    Chapter 1 introduces the rise of teacher professionalization movement and the reform policy of teacher education in the world. Chapter 2 studies the knowledge structure of physics teachers. Chapter 3 studies physics teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge ( PCK ) and gives suggestions for the development of physics teachers' PCK. Chapter 4 and Chapter 5 respectively study the professional development of excellent physics teachers and outstanding physics teachers. Chapter 6 studies the cultivation of excellent pre-service physics teachers.

    This book is the author's research results of the Shandong Provinces’ Education Science Plan, the Teaching Reform Project of Taishan University, and the First-Class Curriculum of Taishan University.

    In the process of research, we have browsed and cited a large number of references. Due to the author's limited knowledge, there may be some omissions and mistakes in this book. Please do not hesitate to correct them.

  • Emerging Trends in Disease and Health Research Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of Disease and Health Research. The contributions by the authors include Covid-19, quality of life,  weight gain, pandemic, Dorsalis pedis artery, anterior tibial artery, peroneal artery, arcuate artery, deep plantar artery, dorsal metatarsal arteries, drug misuse, addiction, Acute pancreatitis, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, acute peripancreatic fluid collection, acute necrotic collection,  Vaccine supply chain, pandemic supply chain, resilience, Convalescent Plasma therapy, ELISA based humoral assay, medical history, Pregnant women, bad obstetric history, congenital infection, IgM and IgG seropositivity, seroprevalence, TORCH infection, Epstein–barr virus, exfoliated oral cells, oral squamous cell carcinoma, oral potentially malignant disorders, quantitative real time PCR, Organ transplantation nursing, brain death, nurses’ recognition, Porphyria cutanea tarda, acute intermittent porphyria, stillbirth, preeclampsia, pregnancy, quality of care, nurses performance,  and hypothyroidism. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Disease and Health Research.

  • Advanced Concepts in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical research. The contributions by the authors include mental disorders, depression, social participation, pulpectomy, resorption, pediatric endodontic treatment, pediatric pulp therapy, laser acupuncture, low-level laser therapy, traditional chinese medicine, complementary and alternative medicine, vascular lesions, laser treatment, aesthetic surgery, dermatology, lymphangiomas, pyrogenic granulomas, phytochemistry, biodiversity, pharmaceutical properties, biotope, early repolarisation pattern, unstable angina, Electrocardiograph, revascularisation, idiopathic ventricular fibrillation, pericardial involvement, contraception, incomplete abortion, small bowel diseases, crohn's disease, conventional radiography, serotypes, squamous cell carcinoma, human papillomavirus, preneoplastic lesions, cryptococcal meningitis, raised intracranial pressure, serial lumbar puncture, ionic detoxification, ionic water bath, obesity, fatty liver, high-fat diet, cardiovascular disease, body constitution, dietary regimen, siddha system, pompholyx, diabetic ulcer, hydropneumothorax, tuberculosis, tube thoracotomy, plural fluid, cystic lung disease, transbronchial biopsy, pleural tapping. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical research.

  • Innovations in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of Microbiology and Biotechnology. The contributions by the authors include gasohol run, spark ignition engine, catalytic converter, eye irritation, primary pollutant, antibiotic susceptibility, FTIR spectroscopy, Vancomycin-resistant strains, Clinical resistome, gut microbiota, eating habits, xenobiotics, food production, microbial transmission, antimicrobial resistance, growth rate index, forest ecosystems, soil fertility, agro-ecosystem,  biological productivity, ecological niches, autoimmune disorder, discoid lupus erythematosus cutaneous lupus erythematosus, antibodies, Hepatitis E virus-like particle, VLP encapsulation, nanoparticle, hyperthermia, matrix assisted laser desorption, respiratory infections, nucleotide polymorphisms, homogenous, equilibrium, ethnogeographic, Huntington disease, fibrosis, geographic correlation, phenotypes, anti-sperm antibodies, cryptorchidism. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  Microbiology and Biotechnology.

  • Novel Research Aspects in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical science. The contributions by the authors include psychoneuro immune endocrinology, pituitary gland, hypothalamus, pineal gland, melatonin, positive psychology, healing, spirituality, mental health, pulmonary tuberculosis, post–COVID syndrome, psychological distress, pregnancies and births, detoxification, medical tourism, health education, biomedical treatments, anterolateral approach, posterolateral approach, lateral approach, total hip replacement, cardiovascular diseases, risk factors, physical activity, mindful meditation, chronic trigger finger, dry needling, pain, physiotherapy, myokine, signaling molecule, metabolic syndrome, adipose tissue remodeling, insulin sensitivity, labial agglutination, adhesion, vaginoscopy, topical estrogen, vaginal fibroid, hyalinization, cartilaginous metaplasia, neoplasm, type 2 diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation, pathophysiology, electrical changes, structural alterations, oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, connexin remodeling, glycemic variability, autonomic dysfunction, clinical implications, coexistence, cardiovascular risks, therapeutic interventions, anti-diabetic drugs, antiarrhythmic drugs, cardioversion, catheter ablation, direct current cardioversion. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical science.

  • Current Topics in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of Agricultural Sciences. The contributions by the authors include Genetic variability, heritability, phenotypic coefficient of variation, genotypic coefficient of variation, genetic advance, Zeolite, organic fertilizer, sustainability, crop yield, soil quality, Exchangeable potassium, mineral potassium, water soluble potassium, Agricultural productivity, nitrogen fixation, Rhizobium inoculation, green-gram varieties, soil fertility, Climate change, highlands and lowlands, Chilli and Tomato Cultivars, White wine, alcoholic fermentation, amino acids, higher alcohols, alternative nitrogenous substance, ANOVA, field-sweet corn crosses, \(\beta\)-carotene content, lycopene epsilon cyclase , Potato management,   Yield assessment, soil fertility, biomass yield, Farm saved seed, germination, purity, improved varieties, Feed restriction, prior to slaughter, broiler, carcass weight, meat production, Agricultural marketing, proximate, amino acids, mineral elements, anti-nutrients, Floristic composition, flora of Um Dom Island, Green gram,  correlation coefficient, path analysis, Growth regulators, fruit quality, pears production, postharvest management, and salicylic acid. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Agricultural Sciences.

  • Advances and Challenges in Science and Technology Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of science and technology. The contributions by the authors include social-ecological model, PII disclosure on SNSs, personal willingness to trust, individual social skills, public self-consciousness, cyber security threat, threat intelligence, cyber-attacks, information technology, machine learning, developed instructional module, pre-test and post-test, virtual learning portal, deviation ratio index based on medoids, latent class cluster analysis, phytoconstituents, biological activity, secondary metabolites, magnetic resonance imaging, radiofrequency, transmit field, real picture analysis modules, basal stem rot disease, multilayer-perceptron, hyperspectral image, chemical energy. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of science and technology.

  • New Horizons in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 12

    This book covers key areas of Medicine and Medical Research. The contributions by the authors include Contraception, intrauterine device, Human sexuality, buss’s evolutionary psychology theory, Radiotherapy, chemoradiotherapy, oral cavity toxicity, inflammation, tooth loss, Nutritional care, cancer treatment, dietary factors, urology practice, Cystatin C, contrast-induced nephropathy, coronary angiography, percutaneous coronary intervention, chikungunya, skin manifestations, febrile illness, bicornuate uterus, pregnancy, uterine malformation, Autologous Conditioned Serum, Platelet-Rich Plasma, Osteoarthrosis Knee, Intra-Articular Injections, Metabolic syndrome, combined oral contraceptives, Type 2 diabetes, hyperinsulinemia, Saxagliptin, Bilateral maxillary posterior crossbite, mandibular functional retrusion, banded rapid palatal expansion appliance, Roth’s pre-adjusted edgewise appliance therapy, Liver engineering,  decellularization, recellularization, liver regeneration, implantation, Sound resonance, and mother-fetus attunement. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Medicine and Medical Research.

  • An Overview on Business, Management and Economics Research Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of management and economics. The contributions by the authors include Markov chains, population statistics, mathematical methods, credibility and accuracy, strategic positioning, competitive advantage, cost leadership, operational excellence, economic growth, job market, cultural diversity, integration, creativity, entrepreneurship, regulatory barriers, reducing costs,  trade agreement, autoregressive distributed lag model, error correction model, unit root tests, residual diagnostics, bounds cointegration test, and stability tests, marine tourism, marketing, community income, creative economy,  economic diversification; gross-domestic-product; tax expenditure; taxation, agricultural products, trade liberalization, globalization, jargon words, initial public offerings, IPO Performance, banking crisis, real economy, financial development, economic fragility. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of management and economics.

  • Research Developments in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of Arts and Social Studies. The contributions by the authors include Employees’ involvement, training, port industry, safety culture, workplace accidents, Pyramid, causality, hierarchical, program and management, Teacher role, teacher qualities, school mission, malaria incidence rate, climatic variables, forest area, non-forest area, modeling, School social worker, psychosocial aspects, high school students, Governance, violence, global village, rule of law, colonization, hermeneutics , human rights, Red culture, socialist culture, cultural confidence, fine traditional Chinese culture, Colonialism, post-colonialism, settler colonisation,  British colonialism, Patriotism,  moral standing, youth , Pastoral fulani, educational development, perception, Settler colonization,  Sokoto Caliphate, Tiv and Fulani, Courtyards, lighting and ventilation. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Arts and Social Studies.

  • Research and Developments in Engineering Research Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of engineering research. The contributions by the authors include strength loss, flexural stiffness, soil contamination, chemical attack, population growth, IoT technology, safety management, GSM technology, dry plaster mixes, gypsum mixtures, bio plant, isoparamatric diagrams, damping, oscillator, attenuation of free vibrations, amplification at resonance, resonance peak width, energy dissipated by damping, stored elastic energy, Bridge-soleil buildings, sustainable designs, bioinspired building envelop, tower of hercules, roman lighthouse, masonry structure, ancient tower, roman architecture, power flow, flexible alternating current transmission system, interconnected transmission system, congestion relief, distributed generation, severity index, sensitivity factor, Bolt Connection, Eurocode 3, steel structure, power transfer distribution factor, generator participation factor, and network congestion. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of engineering research.

  • Current Aspects in Business, Economics and Finance Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of Business, Economics and Finance. The contributions by the authors include Lecturers, dissemination, research output, small and medium-sized enterprises, beneficiaries, Organizational strategy, Nairobi Securities Exchange , performance of companies,  economic factors, exchange rates, determinants,  leadership, service industry, digital and creative world, European Union, common trade policy, trade liberalization, protectionist pressures, bilateral tendencies, Tutoring business, customer satisfaction, parents’ feedback, sales & profits boost, self-belief, repeat purchase, confidence, Fiscal deficit financing, inflation dynamics, regime effect, theory of fiscal price level, markov switching, regime probability, regime duration, COVID-19, epidemic, Integrity, government-related companies, Single currency, Gulf Cooperation Council,  convergence, and moving-average test. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Business, Economics and Finance.

  • Progress in Language, Literature and Education Research Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of language, literature and education. The contributions by the authors include nursing process, mixed method of teaching, quality interaction, bilingual participants, code-switching, bilingual phenomenon, school leadership and leadership tasks, mass education policies, vocational education, psychology, meta-cognition, achievement motivation, Metacognitive awareness inventory, economic productivity, open and distance learning, education system, gender inequality and disparity, communication skills, effective communication, language learning/ teaching, pedagogical inspectors, educational system, speaking skills, passiveness, pronunciation, speaking strategies, internet of things, artificial intelligence, education technology, smart classrooms, data analytics and technical challenges, developmental coordination disorder, diagnostic accuracy. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of language, literature and education.

  • Technological Innovation in Engineering Research Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of Engineering Research. The contributions by the authors include Textile architecture, fabric structures, tents, environmental sustainability, Building Information Modelling, Building structures, BIM tools, interoperability,  SI engine, gasohol, methanol blended gasoline, conventional engine, copper coated engine, Fuel performance, exhaust emissions, catalytic converter , air injection, Joint design, Aluminium and alloys, tubular joint, cohesive zone modelling, joint optimization,  Fracture, finite element analysis, extended finite element method, bonded joint, structural adhesive, Robust DFT, location parameter estimation, heavy-tailed distribution,  spectral analysis, signal filtering, FM and wideband signals, Wi-Fi, Industrial IoT, cloud, supervisory control and data acquisition, LabVIEW, Reclaimed asphalt pavement, recycling,  bitumen, bituminous mix, asphalt, aggregate impact value, aggregate abrasion value, Low density polyethylene, injection moulding, extruder, Blockchain , Secure Element , Data Ex-change Format , Near Field Communication , Radio Frequency Identification , Internet Of Things , Bio-diesel, LHR engine, pollution levels, combustion characteristics, Numerical method, electromagnetic radiation, interface, radio frequency, biological tissues, finite element formulation, Surveillance, video reconnaissance, human-to-human, human-to-PC, information system, and Technology Acceptance Model. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Engineering Research.

  • Research and Applications Towards Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of mathematical and computer science. The contributions by the authors include Heronian odd mean graph, triangular snake, quadrilateral snake and ladder, static and rotating machines, various parameters calculations, MATLAB programs, Machine tool’s accuracy, fluid dynamics, similarity transformation, ICST method, nonlinear partial differential equation, multi-objective optimization problems, fuzzy goal programming, cyber risk, data breach, spliced regression model, finite mixture distribution, cluster analysis, expectation–maximization algorithm, extreme value theory, Kaiser-Meyer-skin test, eigenvalue, score plot, principal component analysis, factor analysis, canonical correlation analysis, factor loadings, cookies, browser, data privacy and security, remote client machine, bipolar domination, bipolar intuitionistic fuzzy graphs, secure edge domination, ethical hacking, cyberecurity, principles of information security, infinite polynomials, zeta function, Riemann hypothesis, polynomial functions, trigonometric functions, mathematical modelling, net hormonal concentration, blood glucose regulatory system,gamma function, trigonometric component, imaginary axis. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of mathematical and computer science.

  • Current Practice in Medical Science Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of Medical Science. The contributions by the authors include Pregnancy complications, severe maternal morbidity, maternal near miss, mortality index, maternal mortality ratio, Early trauma,  healing power,  tandem therapy, Biomedical waste management,  Perinatal outcome, intra uterine growth restriction , uterine artery Doppler sonography, Dengue fever, lupus nephritis, COVID-19, endothelial dysfunction, Sexual encounters, teenage pregnancies, teenage birth, Henoch-schonlein purpura, irritable bowel syndrome, GI bleeding, abdominal angina, Hypertension, hypertensive disorders, pregnancy, eclampsia, preeclampsia, blood pressure, Granulosa cell tumour, ovarian mass, Fine needle aspiration cytology, Cancer, depression, suicide, depressive symptoms, psychiatric complications, maternal mortality, epidemiological,   Ectopic lacrimal gland, optic disc swelling, orbital tumor, pleomorphic adenoma, nutrition risk, cholesterol, cardiovascular disease, Abdominal pregnancy, epidemiology, diagnosis, prognosis, Head and Neck cancer, oncology, quality of life, patient outcome results, routine assessment,  Granulomatous inflammation, Flow cytometry, Cervical cancer, manual liquid-based cytology,  medical ethics, medical education, teaching strategies, doctor-patient relationship, Acetaminophen, and renal disease. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Medical Science.

  • Advances and Challenges in Science and Technology Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of science and technology. The contributions by the authors include sintering temperature, microstructure, electrical, resistivity, dielectric constant, initial permeability, polyaniline, photoluminescence, atomic and molecular scales, nanoscience and nanotechnology, field effect transistor, advertising revenue, digital news, digital revolution, learner autonomy, social networking, density functional theory, metallic bonding, heat transfer, mass transfer, thermal radiation, chemical reaction, space technology, farm broadcast programmes, effectiveness of farm broadcasts, televiewing farmers, chemoreceptor, waste stabilization pond, dispersion coefficient, pollution, bias, detection, machine learning, geomagnetic (solar) disturbances, reliability of power system operation, geomagnetic induced current, power distribution networks, current transformer, relay protection at solar storms, fuzzy nonlinear membership function, goal programming, hyperbolic membership Function, Solar system, speed of light, special theory of relativity, Sun’s Rotation. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of science and technology.

  • Current Practice in Medical Science Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of Medical Science. The contributions by the authors include Cancer treatment, health emergency, Complementary and alternative medicine, cognition, anxiety,  nootropics, Febrile netropenia, MAASC index,  bacterial infections, antiretroviral therapy, human immunodeficiency virus, CD4 count, tuberculosis, adverse drug reactions, Convalescent plasma , COVID-19, blood transfusion services,  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, high-resolution computed tomography, phenotype, pulmonary function, airflow limitation, emphysema, Cholangiocarcinoma, notch signaling, Oral squamous cell carcinoma, Immunohistochemistry, E-cadherin, Leukoplakia, Vimentin, Medicinal potency, Strength training,  posturomed, postural control, sensomotor training, Triaging, disability, Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome, genetic syndrome, cholesterol, mental retardation, Asthma, quality of life, Pulmonary disorders, dental service, and oral cavity. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Medical Science.

  • Emerging Issues in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of environment, geography and earth science. The contributions by the authors include subsurface structure, morpho-structure, strike-slip fault, SBP analysis, Lemukutan Archipelago, sewerage system, sanitation, water pollution, emerging contaminants, breeding behaviors, Greater adjutant stork, breeding colonies, biomimicry principles, biomaterials, radioactive cesium, aquatic life, food chain, radioactive contaminants, industrial clusters, regulations, environment protection, human-wildlife conflicts, crops raiding patterns, food preferences, crop damage, skill metric analysis, electromagnetic waves, hydrologic modelling, moisture budget calculations, climate stabilization, nutritional quality, global biodiversity, floristic diversity, ecotourism, ecological preservation, ecological conservation, tourism development, digital elevation model, terrain classes, ecological hitches, rainfall intensity, colluvial material velocity, soil infiltration, gravitational force, environmental ecosystem, climate change dynamics, horticulture, greenhouse gas emissions, global temperatures. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of environment, geography and earth science.

  • Current Practice in Medical Science Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of Medical Science. The contributions by the authors include Colorectal cancer, low-income developing country, curative surgery, adjuvant chemotherapy, antioxidant, lipid, toxicology, skin disorder, immune system, Inflammatory cells, Blunt ocular trauma, choroidal fracture, microperimetry, multifocal electroretinography, multimodal functional evaluation, OCT biomarkers, photoreceptor toxicity, posttraumatic choroidal neovascularization, pneumatic displacement, submacular hemorrhage, traumatic submacular hemorrhage, visual field chromatic testing, Magnetic resonance imaging, human leukemia, radiology, septic arthritis, Anisometropia, visual acuity, aniseiconia, Anaemia, Acromion process, coracoid process, glenoid process, morphometry, shoulder replacement, SARS-CoV-2, cardiovascular diseases, peptide sharing, molecular mimicry, cross-reactivity, Immunologic imprinting, Protein capsid, nanoparticle, cancer diagnosis, cancer treatment, site-specific delivery, mucosal delivery, non-invasive delivery, Environmental factors, neuro-pharmacogenomics, Salivary glands, submandibular glands, Fetal growth, Valsalva’s maneuver, Eustachian tube dysfunction, nasal balloon autoinflation, Meditation, anxiety. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  Medical Science.

  • Novel Research Aspects in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical science. The contributions by the authors include diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, non-communicable disease, blood donation, medical selection, pre-donation hemoglobin, cancer therapy, blood transfusion, hemoglobin testing, air pollution, autism spectrum disorder, overactive bladder, detrusor overactivity, antimuscarinic, \(\beta\)3-adrenoceptor agonist, mirabegron, urinary incontinence, urgency, combination therapy, nasal cavity, benign tumor, cavernous hemangioma, epistaxis, surgical treatment, benign pilomatrixoma, inverted papilloma, ghost cells, social insertion, digital technology, healthcare, digital imaging, bioinformatics, DNA sequencing, digital revolution, diabetic ketoacidosis, pneumonia, severe acute respiratory syndrome, ischemic heart disease, cognitive behavioural therapy, cognitive therapy, abdominal obesity, obesity, astoidectomy, otitis media, cholesteatoma, tympanoplasty. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical science.

  • Recent Trends in Chemical and Material Sciences Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of Chemical and Material Sciences. The contributions by the authors include drug delivery, FCM algorithm, nanoparticle mining, nanomedicine, macrophages, trace Metals, iodine values, aggressive liquids, porosity, compressive strength, lightweight concrete, sintered ash aggregate, stress intensity factor, stress concentration, strain energy density, Ramberg–Osgood relation, linepipe steels, stress concentration factor, Young’s modulus, HVOF coatings, erosion wear, microsplitting, carbon nanotubes. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  Chemical and Material Sciences

  • Novel Research Aspects in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical science. The contributions by the authors include computed tomography, malignant neoplasm, Luminal margins, cytology, cerebrospinal fluid, visceral organs, obesity, melioidosis, antibiotic therapy, pachymeningitis, autoimmune diseases, extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer, membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase, matrix metalloproteinases, breast cancer, metastasis, Intra-operative consultation, frozen section, hepatitis-B virus, unsafe injections, hepatocellular cancer, liver cirrhosis, HBV infection, blood transfusion, somatosensory, sinoatrial node, bradycardia, intravenous phenylbiguanide, conditional survival analysis, piecewise exponential model, maximum likelihood estimation, Sever acute respiratory syndrome, viral illness, antiviral therapy, proteinuria, preeclampsia, worm infestation, environmental cleanliness, soil-transmitted helminthes, pediatrics, chronic periodontitis, gut hormones, salivary diagnostics. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical science.

  • Current Practice in Medical Science Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of Medical Science. The contributions by the authors include adrenergic receptor, metabolism, G-Protein coupled receptors, nervous system, Vascular endothelial growth factor, retina pigmented epithelium, central serous chorioretinopathy, Congenital cardia diseases, hemodinamic diagnostic procedures, hemodinamic interventional procedures, anesthesia, Dinoprostone gel, foley’s catheter, arteriovenous malformation, scar pregnancy, myometrial vascularity, Vaginal adenosis, adenomatosis vaginae, pathogenesis, abnormal uterine bleeding, endometrial hyperplasia, endometrial carcinoma, gynaecological illnesses, chromosomal defects, amniocentesis, acute Liver failure, therapeutic index, extrahepatic biliary system, auxiliary cystic artery, cholecystectomies, Joubert syndrome, hypotonia, spontaneous abortion, immunotherapy, pregnancy, primary aldosteronism, hypertension, adrenal glands, abnormal uterine bleeding, endometrial hyperplasia, malignancy, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, neuroplasticity, spinal cord injury, regeneration, nanomaterials, stem cell, pathophysiology, pharmacological treatment, non-pharmacological treatment. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  Medical Science.

  • Novel Research Aspects in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical science. The contributions by the authors include haemodiafiltration, prolactin, molecular-weight toxins, blood purification, Uncinate process, pancreas, hepatopancreatic bud, accessory lobe, euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis, diabetes mellitus, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor, mechanical stimulation, metabolic balance, osteokines, inter-organ communication, therapeutic targets, metaplastic carcinomas, mesenchymal differentiation, OPD, mammography, trucut biopsy, Drosophila pacemaker, ion channels, heartbeat regularity, melatonin, allergen exposure, serum IgE levels, Graves’ disease, graves ophthalmopathy, berberine, methimazole, autoimmunity, gut microbiota, microadenomas, macroadenomas, transsphenoidal surgery, gamma knife, prolactinoma, acromegaly, Cushing’s disease, TSH secreting pituitary adenomas, ferroptosis, traditional Chinese medicine, duchenne muscular dystrophy, osmolytes pathway, gender prevalence, bony exostosis, masticatory hyperfunction, traumatic injuries, hyperostosis. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical science.

  • Research Developments in Science and Technology Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of Science and Technology. The contributions by the authors include pedostructure, Systemic modelling, Systemic variables, hydro-thermodynamic  equilibrium, Gibbs free energy, fundamental thermodynamic variables, molecular, real and Eulerian fluxes, hydric conductivity, power coordination, power curtailment, microgrid, energy storage system, photovoltaic system, interlinking converter, lectrical power control, heating, ventilation, fire alarm system, water monitoring and plumbing, cellular vehicle-to-everything, vehicular positioning, feasibility and challenges, network  architecture, electrolysis design, hydrogen production, Farady's law, additive noise, image lossy compression, optimal compression ratio, visual quality, data visualization, visual objects, textual presentations, mental models, complex data, complex systems, Heat transfer augmentation, passive methods, twisted tape inserts, Reynolds number, friction factor, flysch rock mass, siltstones, residual shear strength, durability, fuel economy, transportation, heavy-duty vehicles, carbon dioxide emissions, hydraulic conductivity. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  Science and Technology.

  • Novel Research Aspects in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical science. The contributions by the authors include auditory brainstem responses, otoacoustic emissions, mechanical ventilation, sigmoid colon, transverse colon, surgery, colon covered perforation, metabolic syndrome, syndrome x, ketogenic diet, metabolic syndrome, obesity, insulin resistance, lifestyle intervention, inflammatory markers, susac syndrome, transvaginal sonography, hysteroscopy, fallopian tubes, bicornuate uterus, convolution neural network, diabetic retinopathy, platelet-rich plasma, mesenchymal stem cells, osteoarthritis, autologous adipose tissue, knee osteoarthritis, menstrual health, reproductive tract infection, proximal humerus fracture dislocation, axillary artery injury, vascular injury, angiography, immune checkpoint inhibitor, nephrotoxicity, acute kidney injury, corticosteroids, kidney biopsy, biological tissues, patient autonomy, psychological harm, human immunodeficiency virus, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, physical violence. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical science.

  • Human Health Risk Assessment under Uncertainty Via Possibilistic Approaches

    Right from the beginning of the earth’s existence, human beings have always been exposed to radiation either from natural sources or manmade/artificial sources. There is a wide range of sources of natural radiation to which we are continuously being exposed. Of these sources, the most familiar to us is the sun which produces infrared radiation that we feel as warmth, visible light, and ultraviolet light. The other sources are cosmic radiation which consists of high energy particles and rays that emanate from outside our earth, terrestrial radiation which comes from naturally occurring radionuclides in the earth's crust, and internal radiation from radioactivity that is generally present in our bodies. Naturally-occurring radioactive materials were discovered in 1896. Naturally-occurring radiation accounts for approximately 80 percent of our exposure. Man-made/artificial radiation is radiation produced in devices, such as x-ray machines, and artificially produced radioisotopes made in a reactor or accelerator. This type of radiation is utilized in both medicine and industry. Main users of man-made radiation include: medical facilities, such as hospitals and pharmaceutical facilities; research and teaching institutions; nuclear reactors and their supporting facilities, such as uranium mills and fuel preparation plants; and federal facilities involved in nuclear weapons production. Radiation accidents are the most likely events that threaten population and environment. A radiation accident is a situation in which there is a real or suspected unintentional exposure to ionizing radiation or radioactive contamination. Radiation accidents involved radiation devices, radioisotopes, and criticality incidents. It must be emphasized that radiation accidents could involve either high- or low-level radiation exposures. Since the discovery of radiation, people have profited from the use of radiation in medicine and industry. Man-made sources of radiation account for about 20 percent of our total exposure to radiation.

    When human beings are exposed, in general, the amount and duration of radiation exposure affects the severity or type of health effect such as acute radiation sickness, cancer, teratogenic (fetal) damage, hereditary changes etc.

    Therefore, when hazardous substances are discharged into the environment, an evaluation is required to determine possible impact these substances may have on human health and environment. To resolve this issue, radiological assessment is carried out to estimate dose and risk to humans from radioactive materials in the environment. Assessment of risk is routed through dose computation. Dose computation basically depends on the basic dose assessment model and exposure pathways.

    At the fundamental level risk can be explained as a structured process for identifying and analysing the most important contributions to the overall risk that an establishment or activity poses to people, the environment or some other vulnerable part of society (Kushwaha, 2009). But unfortunately, every step of the risk assessment process is laid with uncertainty. Uncertainty in risk estimation may originate from many different sources such as measure or estimates of parameters, environmental monitoring of data, natural variability in individual response, variability in environmental concentration in toxicants or radionuclides over time and space and unverifiable assumptions in dose response models or extrapolations of results of these models.  In risk assessment available data are collected and utilized to make decisions regarding the associated with a particular stressor such as a chemical, biological or physical (radionuclides) agent. Uncertainty analysis is a part of risk assessment that focuses on uncertainties in the assessment. Important components of uncertainty analysis include qualitative analysis and identifying the uncertainties, quantitative analysis of the effects of the uncertainties on the decision process and communication of the uncertainty.

    Chapter-I, which is the current chapter, provides a general introduction to the human health risk, risk assessment process, uncertainties involved in the risk assessment process and different methods of uncertainty representation in risk assessment.

    In chapter-II, human health risk assessment is carried out utilizing fuzzy vertex method and related uncertainty associated with output risk is measured using average width of fuzzy set, fuzziness and nonspecificity. Risk assessment is also performed using fuzzy set in which Ganesan et al interval arithmetic is used to combine fuzzy numbers and compare the results with fuzzy vertex method. In a similar fashion related uncertainty associated with output risk is measured for both the methods using the same uncertainty measure technique.

    We use Gaussian fuzzy number to represent epistemic type uncertainty and try to fuse with triangular fuzzy. To demonstrate and make use of the Gaussian fuzzy number and triangular fuzzy number and their fusion a hypothetical case study for health risk assessment is presented there.

    We have proposed new methods for multiplication and division of fuzzy numbers by modifying the existing alpha-cut method. We have named as algebraic multiplication of fuzzy numbers and algebraic division of fuzzy numbers respectively. Also, risk assessment is performed using the newly introduced operations. The results are then compared with that of fuzzy Vertex method.

    In chapter-III, we first propose three methods of assigning BPA when only three values of the parameter are known, viz. minimum, maximum and most likely value. Also, we define arithmetic combination of interval focal elements. We study for fuzzy focal elements and discussed the Dempster’s rule of combination for fuzzy focal elements. We have also extended the idea of arithmetic combination of interval focal elements for fuzzy focal elements. Risk assessment is carried out for interval focal elements using proposed arithmetic combination of focal elements (PACF) and Yager arithmetic combination of focal elements (YACF) and results are compared. Finally, risk assessment is performed for fuzzy focal elements.

    In chapter-IV, we propose a hybrid approach for combining probability and possibility distribution functions within the same computation of risk. We have used both Monte Carlo simulation and possibility theory in our method in which the vertex method is taken to perform interval operation. Further we assume independency between the parameters and risk assessment is performed using this hybrid approach. In a similar manner, we propose a hybrid approach for combining probability and possibility distribution functions within the same computation of risk. In this method the interval arithmetic proposed by Ganesan et al. (2005) is chosen instead of vertex method to perform interval operation. Risk assessment is also performed using both the methods and finally results are compared. Also, we extend our proposed hybrid approach by incorporating probability bounds. That is, in risk assessment models some parameters are considered as probabilistic in which mean and standard deviation (variance) are available in the form of interval or fuzzy number while some other parameters are represented as precise probability distribution or possibilistic distribution. Risk assessment is also performed using this method.

    In chapter-V, we reviewed the transformation principles as given by various authors viz., Zadeh, Klir, Dubois & Prade. Then risk assessment is carried out using Probability-Possibility transformations. Also, we have made a comparative case study of uncertainty propagation by considering three different scenarios using probability- possibility transformation satisfying consistency conditions.

  • Modeling COVID-19 Time Series Data

    The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has led to unprecedented global challenges for public health systems. Statistical distribution models have become a valuable tool to predict and understand the transmission dynamics of the disease. Statistical models aim to describe the distribution of COVID-19 cases over time and across different regions.

    This book consists of nine chapters. In Chapter, I, a brief introduction about the origin of COVID-19, mathematical and statistical modeling of COVID-19 infected cases and trends, and the concise objectives of the book are given. The prerequisites for the book are a knowledge of Panel Data Regression Models. However, details descriptions of the tools related to panel data models are elaborately discussed in the materials and methods sections in every chapter. The statistical analysis and interpretations are thoroughly discussed. The bibliography given at the end of the book will help the reader to survey the literature in the area of statistical modeling of disease dynamics. The contents of the book are highly useful to administrators and policymakers.

  • New Innovations in Economics, Business and Management Vol. 10

    This book covers key areas of Economics, Business and Management. The contributions by the authors include value management, value engineering, stakeholder partnership, agricultural extension, data mining, English style analysis, journalism, Subprime crisis, global financial crisis, monetary policy, economic crisis, Eco-ship, green shipping, IMO environmental regulation, digital literacy, digital ecosystem, corporate social responsibility, financial performance, microfinance, commercial banks, credit risk management, portfolio performance, holistic conceptual model. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  Economics, Business and Management.

  • Finite Time Thermodynamic Optimization for Air Standard Thermal Power Cycles

    As thermal power cycle, internal combustion engine is widely used in industry, agriculture, communication and transport, as well as national defense construction. It is the main power source of automobile, tractor, agricultural machinery, engineering machinery, shipping, locomotive, military vehicle, moving and emergency electric station and so on. The fundamental thermodynamic model of internal combustion engine is air standard thermal power cycle, include air standard Otto, Diesel, Atkinson, Brayton, Dual, Miller, Porous Medium (PM), Dual-Miller, Melatis-Georgious, Lenoir and rectangular cycles.

    As an important branch of modern thermodynamics, finite time thermodynamics is a powerful tool to analyze and optimize various performances of thermodynamic cycles and processes. The application of classical thermodynamic principles and the solution of thermodynamic bounds for finite-time or finite-size thermodynamic processes, which are characterized by a finite exchange rate that happens between the system and the environment, were the first step toward the field of finite time thermodynamics. In 1975, Curzon and Ahlborn derived the efficiency at maximum power output point of a Carnot engine which was called CA efficiency when finite heat transfer rate between working fluid and heat reservoir was considered. The CA efficiency was an important symbol of the birth of finite time thermodynamics and provided a new analysis method for heat engine which was characterized by finite rate and finite period. This is the first and perhaps best known finite time thermodynamics study result. Since the mid-1970s, studies seeking thermodynamic process performance limits and achieving thermodynamic process optimization have made important progress in the fields of physics and engineering. In physics, Chicago scholars named it finite time thermodynamics. Profs. Berry R S, Andresen B, Salamon P, Hoffaman K H, Bejan B, Kosloff R, Sieniutycz S, Tsirlin A M, Feidt M, Wu C, Yan J Z, Angulo-Brown F, and Sun F R are the major contributors among many scholars.

    Using finite time thermodynamics to study the air standard internal combustion engine cycle includes two aspects. The first aspect is to make certain assumptions about the actual air standard thermodynamic process of internal combustion engines, get the thermodynamic and mathematical model, give a series of constraints, and find out the target extreme value under the given path. The second aspect is to find out the cycle optimal path under the given target extreme value. Based on the first aspect, this book considers the specific heat characteristics of the working fluid, takes the power (work) output, thermal efficiency and ecological function as the target extreme values, and studies the performance characteristics of the air standard thermal power cycles. This work will make the theoretical research of air standard cycle closer to the practical.

    The content of this book is divided into 20 chapters. Chapter 1 presents the fundamental concepts of finite time thermodynamics and reviews the development in finite time thermodynamic studies for air standard thermal power cycles. Chapter 2 studies the optimal performances of the endoreversible Otto cycle when the specific heats of working fluid vary linearly with its temperature. Chapters 3 and 4 study the optimal performances of the endoreversible and irreversible Diesel cycles when the specific heats of working fluid vary linearly with its temperature, respectively. Chapters 5 and 6 study the optimal performances of the endoreversible and irreversible Atkinson cycles when the specific heats of working fluid vary linearly with its temperature, respectively. Chapters 7 and 8 study the optimal performances of the endoreversible and irreversible Brayton cycles when the specific heats of working fluid vary linearly with its temperature, respectively. Chapter 9 studies the optimal performance of the irreversible Dual cycle when the specific heats of working fluid vary linearly with its temperature. Chapter 10 studies the optimal performances of the endoreversible Miller cycle when the specific heats of working fluid vary linearly with its temperature. Chapters 11 and 12 study the optimal performances of the irreversible universal six-branch reciprocating heat engine cycles under two specific heat models (specific heats are constants and specific heat ratio varies nonlinearly with its temperature), respectively. Chapters 13-15 study the optimal performances of the irreversible Dual-Miller cycles when the specific heat ratio of working fluid is constant and varies linearly and nonlinearly with its temperature, respectively. Chapter 16 studies the effect of finite piston speed on the optimal performance of the irreversible Dual-Miller cycle when the specific heats of working fluid are constants. Chapters 17-20 study the optimal performances of the endoreversible and irreversible Melatis-Georgious cycles when the specific heats of working fluid are constants and vary linearly and nonlinearly with its temperature, respectively.

  • Essential Oils against Salmonella Spp. in the Food

    Salmonella enterica subsp.enterica serovar Enteritidis is one of the most common pathogenic bacteria causing foodborne human disease. Pasta is a useful food for people and have a significant place in the diet. The basic raw materials for production of pasta are flour and chicken's eggs and therefore represent a potential risk for the presence of bacteria, primarily due to insufficient thermal treatment of the mixture during the drying phase. In order to eliminate or reduce microbiological risks in pasta, it should be useful the knowledge of the antimicrobial ability of plants essential oils and possibilities for their application in the technology of pasta production.

    Determining the antimicrobial effect of different shares of basil and thyme essential oils on the growth and multiplication of two strains of bacteria of the genus Salmonella: Salmonella enterica subsp. enteric serovar Enteritidis (D) ATCC 13076 - reference strain and Salmonella enteritidis (group D) - epidemical strain, inoculated in pasta with eggs, in conditions of simulated industrial production process and in raw materials for production of pasta, flour and eggs, in laboratory conditions should be the basic idea for the design of the experimental part of the study on which to base this book.

    In detail, the determination of the antimicrobial action of essential oils of basil and thyme can be divided into four segments:

    The first segment is determining the antimicrobial effect of different proportions of basil essential oil on Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis (D) ATCC 13076 - reference strain and Salmonella enteritidis (group D) - epidemical strain at all stages of egg pasta production under conditions of simulated industrial production process.

    The second segment of interest for research was related to determining the antimicrobial effect of different proportions of thyme essential oil on Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis (D) ATCC 13076 - reference strain and Salmonella enteritidis (group D) - epidemical strain at all stages of egg pasta production under conditions of simulated industrial production process.

    In the third segment is determining the antimicrobial effect of different parts of basil essential oil on Salmonella enterica subsp. enteric serovar Enteritidis (D) ATCC 13076 - reference strain and Salmonella enteritidis (group D) - epidemical strain inoculated in flour and eggs in laboratory conditions.

    In the last segment is determining the antimicrobial effect of different parts of thymian essential oil on Salmonella enterica subsp. enteric serovar Enteritidis (D) ATCC 13076 - reference strain and Salmonella enteritidis (group D) - epidemical strain inoculated in flour and eggs in laboratory conditions.

    All four segments of the research are clearly connected and derive from each other. The book is conceived and realized through an interesting design of a multi-year, experimental part of the research. From introduction to conclusion, the reader can easily move through the offered content.

    If this book serves its purpose, the author has achieved his goal, but he will also favorably accept any suggestion made by the readers' opinion.

  • Advances and Challenges in Science and Technology Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of science and technology. The contributions by the authors include processing process, testing characteristics, control, quality, distribution function, principle of indiscernibles, infinite density of matter, inner space, perception, space-time plasticity, non-locality, hologram, investment, self-generation, solar energy, feasibility, uncertainty, lithium-ion batteries, electrolyte decomposition, potential-independent h2 release, Authenticated encryption, duplex construction, chaotic neural network, statistical tests, security analysis, computing performance, diamond-like carbon film, friction durability, nanowear, regression analysis, boundary lubrication, filtered cathodic vacuum arc ion-plating,  bldc motor, electrical vehicle, hall effect, linearization, newton’s third law of motion, propulsion, rotor, stator, age-related macular degeneration, convolutional neural network, rgb to green conversion, g image. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of science and technology.

  • Outcome of Endodontics Treatment

    Outcome of endodontics therapy is wide range depends on different factors, so authors in this book emphasize on how to improve outcome post endodontics therapy

  • Subwavelength Resonant Nanostructures: Fabrication and Functionalities

    This book delves into the fascinating world of nanotechnology, where science and engineering converge to unlock the potential of subwavelength resonant nanostructures, unveiling their intricacies, fabrication techniques, and the diverse range of functionalities they offer. By combining theoretical models, numerical simulations, and experimental validation, the design of resonant nanostructures supporting optical resonances can lead to tailored and efficient devices for applications in sensing, imaging, and light manipulation.

    As the author of this book, I am deeply passionate about the realm of nanotechnology and its ever-expanding applications. Throughout my journey as a researcher and enthusiast in this field, I have been captivated by the remarkable possibilities that arise from manipulating matter at the nanoscale. This book is a culmination of my quest to share this enthusiasm with you, dear reader, and to shed light on the transformative impact of subwavelength resonant nanostructures.

    In this preface, I want to extend my heartfelt gratitude to the countless individuals and institutions that have supported and inspired me on this odyssey of knowledge. To the mentors and colleagues whose guidance and wisdom have shaped my understanding, thank you for igniting my curiosity and pushing the boundaries of my expertise.

    "Subwavelength Resonant Nanostructures: Fabrication and Functionalities" embarks on an exploration of the intricate processes involved in the fabrication of these nanostructures. We will unravel the advanced techniques and cutting-edge methodologies that enable scientists and engineers to engineer materials with unprecedented precision and control at the nanoscale.

    Beyond fabrication, this book delves into the breathtaking array of functionalities that subwavelength resonant nanostructures exhibit. From metasurfaces with extraordinary optical properties to sensing and modulator applications that promise to revolutionize nanotechnology, these tiny structures have the potential to redefine various industries and domains.

    As we embark on this journey together, I encourage you to approach each chapter with an open mind and a sense of wonder. The field of nanotechnology is continuously evolving, and I hope this book serves as a stepping stone to inspire future research and innovation.

    Lastly, I must acknowledge that this book is a snapshot of knowledge up to 2023, and the field may have advanced since its writing. I urge readers to explore further and discover the ever-evolving landscape of subwavelength resonant nanostructures.

    Thank you for choosing "Subwavelength Resonant Nanostructures: Fabrication and Functionalities" as your guide in the realm of nanotechnology. May it ignite your passion for the infinitesimal and unveil the boundless possibilities that lie within.

  • Cracks and Fractures in Teeth

    Cracks and fractures of teeth is not uncommon, it can happen at different areas and had different severity and grading.

    So authors decided to gather all information about cracks and fractures of the teeth, elaborate on the types if fractures , signs and symptoms , diagnosis and treatment for different ages.

  • Standardization of Some Biochemical and Hematological Parameters in Rattus norvegicus

    Biochemical and haematological assessment in animals is of vital importance in defining the diagnosis of many diseases. Variations in biochemical parameters (urea, blood glucose, creatinemia, transaminases: GPT and GOT, total cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c, triglycerides and total lipids) and haematological parameters, i.e. the haemogram (red blood cells, white blood cells, haemoglobin, haematocrit, MCV, MCH, MCHC, platelets, neutrophils, lymphocytes and MXD) is an indicator of the state of health of certain vital organs such as the kidney, liver, pancreas, veins, heart and so on. Each batch consisted of thirty-nine (39) rats. Each rat was weighed and venipunctured caudally to collect blood separately in a dry (red) and EDTA tube. The red tube was used to determine biochemical parameters. The EDTA tube was used for the haemogram. The results of this study showed that some animals already had certain pathologies prior to the use of any beneficial or harmful substances on them. However, most of the animals used had normal biochemical and haematological parameters, revealing the good condition of their various vital functions (kidney, liver, heart, veins, pancreas, etc.). These values for standard biochemical and haematological parameters can be used as a basis for future tests.

  • Assessment of New Devices in Endodontics Treatment

    Traditional root canal therapy equipment had been available since ages, it usually time consuming and risk of failure is high, for this reasons the authors decided to write this book about assessment of new devices in Endodontics treatment and explore the advantages and disadvantages of these new devices.

  • The Future of Outage Management: How Information Technology is Powering Innovation in the Energy Industry

    Technology is at the vanguard of change while consumers expect more from their utilities as the interconnected world demands more. Consequently, utilities stand on the borderline to face unparalleled alteration. Outage management and communication systems underpin utilities' ability to provide reliable services, react quickly when an outage or outages occur and communicate effectively to increasingly sophisticated client bases. This book, "The Future of Outage Management: How Information Technology is Powering Innovation in the Energy Industry," is a comprehensive exploration of the present state and the exciting possibilities that lie ahead for this critical domain. Within these digital pages, we aim to provide utility professionals, policymakers, and all stakeholders with a roadmap to navigate this rapidly evolving landscape effectively.

    In the 18 chapters that follow, we embark on a journey through the heart of utility operations, peeling back the layers to reveal the intricate workings of outage management and communication systems. We commence with an introductory chapter that sets the stage, offering an overview of the sector's significance and the pivotal role of effective outage management. From there, we dive deep into the core challenges faced by utilities in Chapter 2, underlining the real-world consequences of inefficiency.

    Chapters 3 to 6 shine a spotlight on the technological marvels that are shaping the future. We explore how big data analytics, machine learning, drones, robotics, IoT sensors, augmented reality, and virtual reality are revolutionizing outage management. These chapters are replete with case studies, showcasing the tangible benefits of these innovations.

    Effective communication with customers during outages is explored in Chapter 7, where we delve into innovative strategies and channels for keeping customers informed and engaged. Chapter 8 tackles a crucial aspect of modern utilities integrating renewable energy sources into outage management.

    In Chapter 9, we confront the growing specter of cybersecurity threats and the need for resilient systems. We then cast our gaze into the future in Chapter 10, envisioning the transformative trends and innovations that will define outage management in the years to come.

    Throughout the book, you'll encounter real-world utility case studies (Chapter 11) that offer tangible insights and lessons learned from those who've successfully navigated the challenges. Regulatory considerations (Chapter 12) and practical implementation strategies (Chapter 13) are also thoughtfully addressed.

    We analyze the economic and environmental impacts of efficient outage management in Chapter 14 and emphasize the vital importance of training and skill development for personnel in Chapter 15. Collaboration and partnerships, explored in Chapter 16, emerge as critical components of effective outage management.
    Chapter 17 takes a speculative leap into the future, predicting trends and advancements that will reshape outage management and communication systems. Finally, Chapter 18 consolidates our collective learning, offering actionable recommendations for improving the resilience and efficiency of outage management practices.

    In an era where the utility industry faces unprecedented challenges and opportunities, this book serves as a beacon of knowledge, guiding you through the intricate maze of outage management and communication systems. It is our hope that the insights contained within these digital pages will empower you to navigate the evolving utility landscape with confidence, embracing the transformative potential of technology while maintaining a steadfast commitment to resilience, reliability, and customer satisfaction.

  • Calcium Hydroxide Vs MTA in Pulp Capping

    Direct pulp-capping has been used as an alternative approach to the maintenance of vital pulp so that many tooth extractions and root canal treatments could have been avoided. The authors concentrate on comparing best materials for pulp capping with best outcome

  • Recent Trends in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of arts and social studies. The contributions by the authors include geopolitics, national security, economic development, political unrest, active peace theory, justice and well-being, peacebuilding, niger delta youths, sustainable living, willingness, eye donation, organ donation, igorot identity, improvisation, anaphoric repetition, kaigorotan, salidummay cultural group, cordillera administrative region, land conflict, pastoralists, land policy, political stability, public-private partnerships, local government units, reinventing government, new public management, build operate transfer, anthropocene, sustainable development, gender-based violence, gender equality, modernization, urbanization, migration, globalization, patriarchal system, chronological record, historical background, couple hypotheses, television show, communication, media, reality television, cultivation theory, modernity, contemporaneity, repeats, reincarnations and recalibrations, perpetual flux, social media, facebook, opinion survey, human fundamental needs. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of arts and social studies.

  • Endodontics and Implant Relationship

    An ongoing controversy in dentistry is whether root canal treatment and restoration can compete for long-term success with prosthetic crowns supported by an implant. So the authors decided to clarify the advantage and disadvantages of each method and to emphasize on the outcome of both.

  • Essentials of Research Methodology

    Scientific research plays a very important role in our efforts to maintain health and combating diseases. Research helps us to create new knowledge and develop proper tools for the use of existing knowledge. This Book on “Essesntials of Research Methodology” is primarily aimed at health science students. It is also hoped to be useful for other individuals who would like to understand the basic principles and undertake health research.

    The literature on research methodologies is vast. Researchers and scientists worldwide nowadays have access to enormous, and growing, information resources which provide in-depth knowledge, training, and education to enhance and improve research. This book for Health Researchers is, however, quite unique. It is different in that it is not a classical textbook on research methodology, but focuses directly on those who carry out health research or aspire to do so in the future. It embodies the seriousness, the sincerity, and the passion of the author to guide and direct the reader in her or his pursuit of research to seek new knowledge, identify problems and provide answers. This book is more than a text on research methods. It is a guide to the theoretical concepts of Epidemiology and Biostatistics. There is a strong belief that this book will serve as a guideline for undergraduate health science students as they are required to identify the most important health problems and carry out some research work.

    I am immensely grateful to all those who have helped me directly and/or indirectly in preparing the content of this book. I firmly believe that there is always scope for improvement and accordingly I shall look forward to receive suggestions for further enriching the quality of the text.

  • Salient Depositional Structures from Bombay Volcanic Complex, Western Deccan Volcanic Province, Deccan Flood Basalt, India

    The undersigned was initiated to the Deccan traps in the very beginning of his career (1984) by one of the then stalwarts in Deccan trap studies in GSI. Hence the interests in DVFB studies are of primary nature. Subsequent involvement of the author in structural mapping and exploration hampered the further studies in the field of volcanology. However after superannuation from the government job as professional geologist, the author renewed his interest in the field where from he started his professional career. Though enormous literature on the Deccan volcanism and LIP’ s of the world has flooded the academic world during this period but it was felt that the classic depositional features of the volcanic rocks didn’t find the importance they deserve in the academic world. Probably the miniscule volume of these rocks did not invoke sufficient interest in the publication world. This is why precisely the author thought of bringing out a small write-up to acquaint the students of volcanology with this small area which in my opinion is the museum of the volcanic features. The author has mapped on large scale about 300 kilometer square area within the Bombay volcanic complex and observed the depositional structures, nature and composition of clasts, their mutual relation with the volcanic ejecta and other volcanic rocks. The geology of this area is so diverse that as much as 12 different varieties of combinations of litho units have been recorded. Evidences of violent volcanism have also been recorded besides these volcanoclastic rocks largely being products of sub aerial effusion. A detailed observation sheet has been provided here in this write-up for the first hand information of the nature and components of various deposits. Another objective of publishing this material is to make the observation and work of a professional geologist reach to the reader, who are generally fed by the academicians with their very limited field exposure and far reaching inferences drawn based on very meager data. Here voluminous observational data is supplied to the reader, who is free to draw his own conclusions and interpretations based on the content published in this small book. Though the author himself has not concluded anything about the volcano-tectonic environment and mechanism of emplacement of these rocks, the observations supplied besides the depositional structures and micro-textures in this book, together make it a substantial content to arrive at some logical end, if not, the author is very optimistic about this book being able to generate an interest in the reader about the field of volcanology. If that is done the purpose of writing this small book will be served. I take this opportunity to mention here that the undersigned will bring out a full book on the BVC very soon. 

  • Advances and Challenges in Science and Technology Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of science and technology. The contributions by the authors include traffic control system, road vehicles, raspberry pi, traffic congestion, radio frequency, Young’s modulus, seamless tubes, cold drawing, spring back, carbon steel, electronic, nonlinear optical, reactivity, antimalarial drug, dihydroartemisinin, density functional theory, dihydroartemisinin, deep neural network, Lagrange multiplier, aquaculture, agriculture, ultra light-weight block cipher, s-box, cryptography,  credit score; contingency analysis; correspondence analysis, credit score system, credit report, RFID technology, monitoring system, adopted technology, conversion technology, solid oxide electrolysis cell, carbon neutralization, solid oxide electrolysis cell, electrolysis technology, integrated analysis, thermal videos, thermal imaging, speech analysis, polygraph technology. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of science and technology.

  • Current Overview on Disease and Health Research Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of Disease and Health Research. The contributions by the authors include Caries sicca, musculoskeletal tuberculosis, immobilization, Acute myeloid leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, granulocytic sarcoma, myelodysplastic syndrome, myeloid sarcoma, Knee pain, magnetic resonance imaging, vancomycin, teicoplanin, risk factors,  Wound healing, chemo-surveillance, scar, cancer, COVID-19 infection, Rajyoga meditation, migraine, Oxidative stress , antimigraine therapy, Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy, Epiphora,  granulation tissue, lacrimal sac, Malaria, fever, Ewing’s sarcoma, fronto-parietal,  Vestibular exercises, dizziness, Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, Multiple sclerosis, vitamin D, immunomodulatory activity, Infectious diseases, disease modelling, Leishmaniasis,  Depression, diabetes, neurotrophic, and catecholamine. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Disease and Health Research.

  • Novel Research Aspects in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical science. The contributions by the authors include delta neutrophil index, clinical utility, sepsis and septic shock, grave syndrome, sepsis, cystic teratoma, oral cavity, germ cell layers, dermoid cyst, balloon dilatation, subglottic stenosis, subglottic lumen, pallister killian syndrome, tracheal skeleton, endovascular treatment, aortic pseudoaneurysm, pulmonary cancer, diffusing lung capacity, spirometry, body plethysmography, respiratory system, pulmonary function testing, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, methylation enzymes, allosteric regulation, cancer stem cells, chemo-surveillance, progenitor stem cells, wound healing, extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy, upper tract urolithiasis, renal stones, nephrolithiasis, urolithiasis, tuberculosis, infectious and tropical disease, tuberculin skin test,  chronic granulomatous disease, hematopoetic stem cell, fungal infection, x-linked recessive, autosomal recessive, gene expression, cancer testis antigen, melanoma antigen genes, androgen response elements, endocrown, endodontically treated teeth, adhesive restoration, non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, bacille calmette-guerin, early cystectomy, biomarkers, histology, intensity-modulated radiotherapy, modified radical mastectomy, planned target volume, breast cancer, morbidity, secondary malignancy, serum alkaline phosphatas, surgical ethics, surgical competence, family presence during resuscitation, inflammatory process, endophthalmitis, intraocular colonization, unified health system, sterilization center. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical science.

  • Emerging Trends in Disease and Health Research Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of Disease and Health Research. The contributions by the authors include COVID-19, Pandemic, poor ovarian reserve, anti-müllerian hormone, In vitro fertilization, Transfusion transmitted viral co-infections, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus , hepatitis C virus, Incisional hernia in pregnancy, emergency laparotomy, Atherosclerosis, chronic ischemic disorder , arterial vessel wall,  Statin therapy, cholesterol, brain cells, Palliative care,  health policy, Viral hemorrhagic disease, disseminated intravascular coagulation , false disseminated intravascular coagulation , endotheliopathy, thrombocytopenia, multi-organ dysfunction syndrome, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura , TTP-like syndrome, microthrombogenesis, vascular microthrombotic disease , Crohn's disease, pro-inflammatory immune response, MAP antigen, cytokine interactions, nurses,  caregivers, Bronchopulmonary actinomycosis, actinomyces, diagnostic dilemma, Malnutrition, dental caries, Celiac disease,  lncRNA, tuberculosis, Exochelin-MS, Deferoxamine-B, Xenosiderophores, Drug susceptibility testing,  antibodies, convalescent, comorbidities, reinfection, PCR test, Preeclampsia, Choriocarcinoma, Angiogenic protein, hand hygiene, hand washing, Hospital Infection Control, Electroencephalogram, migraine, headache, hyperventilation, photic stimulation, Warty dyskeratoma, hair follicles, excisional biopsy, squamous epithelium, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and prediabetes. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Disease and Health Research.

  • Advanced Concepts in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of pharmaceutical research. The contributions by the authors include mouth dissolving film, solvent casting technique,  glycerol, sodium starch glycolate, diabetic cardiomyopathy, DNA fragmentation, Tecoma stans, streptozotocin, tecoma stans, diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemia, reactive oxygen species, caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway, obtainable drugs, colloidal nanoparticles, anti-cancer drug, hydrogels, anticancer chemotherapeutics, cancer cell cultures, cytotoxicity, cardiovascular system, oncological diseases, immunosuppression, cancerous tissue, dangling side chain,  ionizable, glycosylated blood glucose levels, chronic disease, hyperglycaemia, cardiovascular deaths, drug supply chain security, drug traceability, pharmaceutical serialization, drug counterfeit, blockchain for drug traceability, metallic nanoparticles, green synthesis, nanotechnology, antibacterial effect, traditional medicine, food crop, urolithiasis, obesity, Bioenhancer, modern medicines, bio-efficacy, synergistic effect, herbal drugs, hyperkeratosis, keratolytic agent, psoriasis, cytoplasmic organelles. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of pharmaceutical research.

  • Technological Innovation in Engineering Research Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of Engineering Research. The contributions by the authors include 3D coordinates, 3D rotation, Helmert transformation problem, Euler angles, quaternions, dual-quaternions, Blast load, non-linear dynamic analysis, blast resistant structure, SRAM, defibrillator, subthreshold,  POD wear test, ANOVA, wear loss and COF, Buck-boost, cascaded H-bridge inverter, multicarrier pulse width modulation, total harmonic distortion, z-source network, telecommunication, Backpropagation, three-dimensional (3D) face recognition, kinect Xbox camera system, smart electronics, Root Mean Square , Power Quality , deep learning, s-transform, PQ disturbances, Passive solar still, economic evaluation, solar desalination, distilled water, renewable energy, sustainable energy, cost analysis, world-wide web, Modelling-to-generate-alternatives, simulation-optimization, waste management planning, population-based algorithms,   Gas turbine, power boosting, air cooling, mechanical refrigeration, Adafruit humidity sensor DHT22, advanced Bosch barometric pressure sensor BMP180, padé approximation, process gain constant, and  two point method of approximation. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Engineering Research.

  • Emerging Issues in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of agricultural sciences. The contributions by the authors include dryland management, sustainable food production, soil fertility, agricultural sustainability, sustainable land management, food security, land degradation, farming practices, poor eating habits, oil crops, vegetable crops, genetic diversity, crops breeding, organic production,nutritional quality, rice variety, agronomic biofortification, lateritic soils, low cation exchange capacity, pineapple value chain, economic activities, living organisms, yield performance, mendel's genetics, crop production, women’s empowerment, breeding science of crops, sexual cross-breeding, parasexual recombination, fungul isolates, rice blast, double inoculation, subsurface drainage system, drain water quality, irrigation water quality, salt output, statistical modeling, growth models. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of agricultural sciences.

  • Novel Research Aspects in Mathematical and Computer Science Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of Mathematical and Computer Science. The contributions by the authors include Euler graph,  decorator pattern, strategy pattern, Unified modelling language, C# programming language,  algorithmic abstraction,  Software simulation, web-system, HTTP filtration, virtual digital test bench,  association rules, data mining, ER models, fuzzy data, itemsets, stock dependent demand,  partial backlogging, Decimal place, digit, Fixed point, ring,  integral domain, nilpotent element, ideal, nil ideal, Chaos, floquet theory, hysteresis, modified rayleigh-duffing Oscillator, Whittaker method, Homotopy, lipschitz synchronization threshold, drive-response system, ricker model, chaotic dynamics, DNS tunneling, feature selection, genetic algorithm, support vector machine, destination-driven multicast routing algorithm, Publish-subscribe, General ordinary quasi-differential expressions, regular and singular end-points, singular differential operators, essential spectra, point spectra , Stochastic differential equations, malliavin calculus, euler scheme for delay SDE’s, mDensities of distributions, Delay stochastic differential equations, malliavin calculus, hormander conditions, burkholder-davis-gundy inequality, eigen, and orthogonal matrices. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Mathematical and Computer Science.

  • Computational Investigations of Glare: Fatigue and Fracture Studies

    Fibre metal laminate (FML) is an advanced hybrid material system that consists of layers of thin and light metallic sheets alternately bonded and cured with composite prepregs by heat and pressure, each prepreg built up of several resin impregnated fibre cloth layers laid in similar or different orientations. In comparison with monolithic metals and their alloys, FML's besides offering good specific strength exhibit excellent fatigue and fracture resistance, reasonably good impact strength and high fire resistance that make them a good substitute for metallic structures especially in aerospace sector. In comparison with conventional fibre-resin composites or FRP's, they offer simpler production and maintenance methods, easy inspection procedures during service and reduced environmental degradation. Glare, a type of FML, comprising thin 2014-T6 aerospace aluminium alloy sheets and E-glass fibre and epoxy resin based composite prepregs, is investigated in this book. Two types of cracked Glare can exist, Type I in which the Mode I crack in aluminum layers grows normally towards the prepreg. interfaces and Type II in which the Mode I crack grows across the aluminum layers.

    Hitherto, fatigue and fracture analysis has commonly been reported over Type II FMLs. But there also lies the possibility of development of small, Mode I, surface cracks, in thin aluminum layers that grow normally toward the interfaces of pre-pregs in the laminate (Type I). In such a case, the redistribution of stress state occurs in material layers during crack growth which causes the near crack tip stress fields and energy release rates to differ from that can exist in similarly stressed and cracked homogenous aluminum (without interfaces). Therefore, energy state at the crack tip in aluminum layer of the laminate, as it approaches the interface of pre-preg, is not same as that at the crack tip in homogenous aluminum due to the difference in elasticity properties between parent aluminum and influencing layers on other side of the interface in the laminate. Stresses are further re-distributed with the onset of the effect of plasticity mismatch between materials as the crack reaches the close vicinity of the interface. Crack growth rate finally drops sharply when the crack touches the interface of resin in pre-preg due to the reduction in stress field at the stiff-compliant interface. The crack upon further growth in resin finally deflects along the interface of fiber since the crack can not penetrate the fiber and continues to grow as Mode II crack at the interface. In Type II Glare, Mode I cracks nucleate and grow in weak aluminium layers whereas strong fibres in prepregs remain intact when the laminate is pressed into service. The cracks are shielded due to load bridging over them, the phenomenon commonly known as fibre bridging. Bridging diverts or transfers load away from the cracks towards fibres that in turn reduces the intensity of stress fields around crack tips in aluminium layers. This results in enhancement of fracture toughness of Glare vis-à-vis plain aerospace aluminium alloy specimen in which the load transfer effects do not take place.

    The primary purpose of the book is to present the models, both theoretical and numerical, for investigation of the mechanisms of crack tip stress amplification, shielding and fiber bridging in Type I and Type II fiber metal laminates under the influence of residual stresses that are generated due to curing during fabrication of the laminates. The models are well validated by experiments.

    The book comprises four chapters - Chapter A to Chapter D. Chapter A covers fundamental details of Glare that includes constitution of Glare, basic formula applicable to laminates, stress-strain constitutive equations and exposure to investigated Mode I cracked laminates. Chapter B presents theoretical and finite element models of Glare that includes assumed dimensional details of Glare, laminate data, load and stress-strain data, theoretical fracture models of laminates, finite element analysis, results from the models and salient findings. Chapter C covers experimental work with actual dimensional details of fabricated Glare, laminate data, actual load and stress-strain data, laminate fabrication procedure, property evaluation of laminate, fatigue and fracture tests and their results, comparison of laminate performance with plain aluminum alloy specimens and salient findings. Finally, Chapter D deals with validation of theoretical and finite element models that includes approach, modification of models, results, comparative analysis and salient findings.

  • Current Topics on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of Chemistry and Biochemistry. The contributions by the authors include Porphyrin, receptor, molecular recognition, host–guest interactions, binding cavities, Green synthesis, nanoparticles, silver nanoparticle, therapeutic effects, Methyl Ethyl Sulfides, thermodynamics, Enthalpy, Entropy, Gibbs Free Energy, Oxidation Products, Mycobacterial Infection, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, lipid droplets, Chiral organozinc complexes, nitriles, chiral D/L amino alcohols, Atomic force microscopy, Young´s modulus, red blood cell, adhesion, deformability, rheology, 1,2,3-triazole-based quinoline hybrids, molecular hybridization methodology, azide-alkyne cycloaddition, Lipinski’s parameters, pharmacological activity, malaria, cancer, fungal infections, tuberculosis, Lignin, lectin, melon fly, Phenylpropanoid, and N-acetyl glucosamine. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Chemistry and Biochemistry.

  • Current Perspective to Physical Science Research Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of physical science. The contributions by the authors include compact star models, anisotropic, black holes, electromagnetic field, equation of state, astrophysics, 2D Dirac equation, two and four spinors, variational formulations, electronic properties, magnetron; anode block, sun-rising structure, pic simulation; frequency tuning, microwave energy, electron stream, finite-different time-domain, particle-in-cell, magnetron, electrodeless sulfur lamp, microwave excitation, microwave technology,  lighting system, electrodynamic lighting system, microwave radiation, quantum physics, neural interpretation,  vibrational spectra,  density functional theory, oxygen excess, parton distributions, quantum chromodynamics, gluon distribution, nuclide shell structure, mass rate of proton and neutron, nuclide binding, graphs of nuclide growth, nuclide shell structure, turbulent combustion model, hypothesis-based approach, turbulent flame closure, intermediate steady propagation. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of physical science.

  • Challenges and Advances in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of Pharmaceutical Research. The contributions by the authors include hemoglobin, iron deficiency, microcytic hypochromic anemia, High performance liquid chromatography, microemulsions, novel drug delivery, potential drug delivery, bioavailability, bioavailability, antibacterial activity, homeopathy, quantum mechanics, acetylcholine  receptor  antibody,  autoimmune  disease,  neuromuscular  junction, heart rate, autoimmune neuromuscular transmission, Covid-19 disease, vaccination, colon specific delivery, dosage forms, drug candidates, colonic micro-floras, conventional dissolution methods, gamma scientigraphy, animal studies, Colon specific targeting, approaches for colon delivery, novel and controlled formulations, therapeutic benefits, pH dependent system, colonic microfloras, colonic cancer, pharmaceutical excipients, autoimmunity, molecular mimicry, colorectal cancer, drug candidates, pH sensitive polymers, novel controlled system, psychmotor behavior, locomotor activity, Infectious diseases, silver nanoparticles, drug delivery system, mechanism of actions, biomedical applications, therapeutic efficacies, cytotoxicity, phytochemistry, pharmacodynamic concentration, morbidity. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  Pharmaceutical Research

  • Current Innovations in Disease and Health Research Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of disease and health research. The contributions by the authors include gastroenterology, health-care systems, antibiotics, samos syndrome, borderline personality disorder, human immunodeficiency virus, sexually transmissible disease, psychologically disabling illness, neurodevelopmental disease, hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, oedipus complex, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, emotional dysregulation, non-psychiatric disorders, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, human carcinogen, bioaccumulates, cadmium toxicity, onychomcycosis, fungal nail infection, dermatophytes, respiratory pathogens, pneumonia, inflammatory condition, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, respiratory infection, anxiety spectrum disorder, anger suppression, cytological changes, oral mucosal lesions, ebola virus disease, non-human primates, fatal emerging infection, respectful aternity care, obstetric violence, facility-based deliveries, health education, ecological public health, anthropocene, epidemiology, liver transplant, interleukin-2 receptor, cyclosporine, acute liver failure; hepatic artery thrombosis; hepatopulmonary syndrome. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of disease and health research.

  • Current Research in Language, Literature and Education Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of Language, Literature and Education. The contributions by the authors include Science curriculum development, dissatisfaction with school programme, contemporary school system, Higher order thinking skills, critical thinking, modular instruction, chemistry teaching,  free education, Speed reading, loud reading, reading comprehension, Multiple intelligence, excellent teachers, teaching approaches, Language skills, EFL learners, learners’ fluency, ESL, reading ability, 3D motion capture, musical expression , early childhood, ANOVA, machine learning, classifier, eye tracking, blended/hybrid e-teaching, e-learning, higher education, learning attitude, mathematics achievement motivation, Continuous improvement program, school-based management, assessment tool, evidence-based assessment, best practices, Visual impairment, conceptual fields, Self-efficacy, science education, and  teacher education. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Language, Literature and Education.

  • Recent Advances in Commerce, Management, and Tourism

    A major paradigm shift has been witnessed by the different businesses during and after the COVID period. In the wake of this crisis, the need to adapt, innovate, and rethink established paradigms became abundantly clear. This edited book is a collective effort of scholars, practitioners, and thought leaders who have investigated this challenge. Authors from different institutions and domains had submitted their artilces for the international conference "Rethinking Commerce, Management, and Tourism- Post-Covid New Normal" organized by School of Commerce and Management, Garden City University in collaboration with CINEC, Malabe, Sri Lanka on 13-14 March 2023. The articles were reviewed by a panel, corrected, and then selected for publication.

    This edited volume gathers a diverse array of perspectives, encompassing multidisciplinary research, insightful reviews, and practical insights. As the world grapples with ongoing uncertainties, it is crucial to engage in thoughtful reflection and forward-thinking analysis. This book serves as a vital compass for those seeking to understand the evolving dynamics of commerce, management, and tourism in the aftermath of the pandemic.

    As editors of this volume, we are immensely grateful to the authors who have contributed their expertise, dedication, and vision. Their work represents a commitment to add to the body of knowledge and bringing positive change in these pivotal sectors. We also extend our gratitude to the reviewers who meticulously evaluated each submission and provided invaluable feedback. We trust that "Rethinking Commerce, Management, and Tourism - Post-COVID New Normal" will inspire new ideas, encourage discussions, and help us all work together to rebuild and succeed in a world that has been forever changed by the pandemic.

  • Research Developments in Science and Technology Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of Science and Technology. The contributions by the authors include Bore wells, machine learning algorithms, logistic regression,  predictive model, performance metrics, Building materials,  sustainable architecture, Atomization, ultrasonic atomization, process intensification, microencapsulation, alginate, biopolymer, pharmaceuticals, Far infrared radiation, blackbody radiation, FIR test methods, FIR emitting ceramics, Modeling and simulation, eco-materials, thermal comfort, energy efficiency, housing, Landslides, physical modeling, artificial rainfall, monitoring, sandy slope, Digital image, watermarking method, Singular-Value-Decomposition, Bicriteria objectives, stochastic systems, alternative generation, modelling-to-generate-alternatives, Course learning outcomes, student outcomes, program assessment, students' achievement,  types of corrosion, factors affecting corrosion, active sensing, DAQ card, sensors,  cathodic protection, Commercial production, carbon nanotubes, biofertilizer, rhizosphere, Shoulder apophysis, painful shoulder, athlete, sports,  acromion,  Analytic hierarchy process, distribution channel selection, data envelopment analysis, hub-and-spoke, and linear programming. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Science and Technology.

  • Advances and Challenges in Science and Technology Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of science and technology. The contributions by the authors include embedded system, arduino, tracking system, smart glove, global positioning system, accumulation, rockfill dam, reinforced concrete watertight diaphragm, static analysis, dynamic analysis, deformation, recommender systems, precision agriculture, nutrient management, stealth technology,  electromagnetic compatibility, radar cross-section reduction, metamaterial, perfect absorber, multi-band absorber, microwave, radar cross section,  penta-perfect metamaterial absorber, electromagnetic wave, energetic tool, pressure tool, power plants, power stations, power transmission lines, critical infrastructures, mining subsector, security risks, energy weapon, carbonaceous matter, coalification, bimetallic nanoparticles, microemulsions, intermicellar exchange, kinetics energy, nanotechnology, peroxidase-mimicking nanoparticles, cladded blocks, magnetic non-destructive evaluation, magnetic adaptive testing, magnetic hysteresis measurements, cavitation erosion, shock-induced nanobubble, molecular dynamics simulations, molecular dynamics. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of science and technology.

  • Emerging Challenges in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of Agriculture and Food Science. The contributions by the authors include Seafood, cooking methods, Lipid Content, fatty acids synthesis, nutritional quality indices, Free radicals, antioxidants activity, flavonoids, Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder, psychiatric disturbances, diagnostic tool, eating habbit, feeding activity, Food crops production, agro-forestry, cassava &  soybean production, and  global warming. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Agriculture and Food Science.

  • Research Advances in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of microbiology and biotechnology. The contributions by the authors include dissimilatory arsenate-reducing bacteria, arsenic contamination, arsenic toxicity, anthropogenic activity, fossil fuels, sulfide minerals, DNA immortalization, homemade ultra-rapid thermal cycler, homemade inexpensive transformation device, stable surveillance kit, DNA synthesis, rapid detection, DNA isolation, midgut binding activity, vector-borne diseases, mosquitocidal protoxin crystals, feathery mottle virus, chlorotic stunt virus, multistep oncogenesis, adult T-cell, carbon anhydrase ix, hypoxia responsive element, human T-cell leukemia viruses, T-cell immunoreceptor, c-c chemokine receptor type-4, phytoconstituents, oxidative pathophysiology, oxidative stress, malaria parasites, antimalarial drugs, bioactive compounds, novel markers, DNA polymorphisms, marker-assisted selection, gender determination. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of microbiology and biotechnology.

  • Progress in Chemical Science Research Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of Chemical Science.  The contributions by the authors include thermodynamic approximation, processes kinetics, hydrodynamic approximation, Bolzmann’s approximation, Ionic liquids, molecular interactions, association constant, Chromium (III), tertiary amyl alcohol, thermal behavior, phthalic acid, Equation of state, thermal expansion, graphene , Natural fiber, polymer composite, rheology, viscoelastic, optimization, rheometer, pH metry, adulteration, Benzoic acid, solubility, ionic strength, dissociation constant, , Infrared spectrum, nuclear manumagnetic resonance, thermal gravimetric analysis, and dielectric properties. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Chemical Science.

  • An Overview on Business, Management and Economics Research Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of business, management and economics. The contributions by the authors include farming enterprises, land reform, agrarian system, job creation, wealth creation, sustainable development, diamond model, congestion management,  employee commitment, workplace diversity, fairness, equal opportunity, socioeconomic status, public institutions, privatization, economic infrastructure, digitalization, rural entrepreneurship, agricultural sector, statistical modeling, gross domestic product, unit root test, vector error correction model, cointegration test, granger causality test, economic growth, agricultural productivity, artisanal refinery, rural-women farmers, liquidity crisis, monetary and financial policy, liquidity trades, stock market, surveillance toolkit, financial sectors, investor sentiment, microprudential, macroprudential, financial stability, non performing loans, borrowers’ creditworthiness, social responsibility, corporate sustainability, hospitality. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of business, management and economics.

  • Emerging Challenges in Environment and Earth Science Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of Environment and Earth Science. The contributions by the authors include Leachate, landfill, Physico-chemical properties , Bacteriology, Sustainability, conservation, ecosystem, eco-development, existential risk, future potential risk, climate change, energy, Protein supplementation, tropical grass, rumen degradation, contingency, landscape change, landscape legacies, ecological succession, savannas, socio-ecological systems, Tungiasis, jigger infestation, hygiene, fumigation, Sunflower, cholesterol, unsaturated fatty acid, obese, Satellite altimetry, sea level anomaly, el-nino southern oscillation, Indian Ocean Dipole, north atlantic oscillation, watersheds, biogeochemical cycles, Water quality, water ecosystem conservation index, water shortage, global climate changes, diffuse runoff, agricultural lands, and water protection measures. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Environment and Earth Science.

  • Novel Research Aspects in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical science. The contributions by the authors include musculoskeletal disorders, non-ambulatory spinal cord injury, caregivers, rehabilitation, musculoskeletal health, epstein barr virus, mononucleosis, burkitt’s lymphoma, non-hodgkin lymphoma, human herpes virus, cold pressor test, cardiovascular system,  thyroid hormone deficiency, triiodothyronine, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, hypothyroidism, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, aging-related diseases, mitochondrial performance, western and traditional chinese medicines, mitochondrial dna, pyrroloquinoline quinine, non-histone proteins, auscultation,  ayurveda, gustatory examination, neurotransmitter,  electrogustometry, cosmetic surgical procedures, injection techniques, vaccine, communicable diseases, ascending aortic diameter, ascending aortic dissection, body surface area, body mass index, echocardiography, coronary artery disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, arterial hypertension, peripheral artery disease,  microsurgery, regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, drug seeking, pleasure seeking,  pierre robin sequence, congenital syndrome, laryngoscopy, maternal health, postnatal period, heart disease, maternal mortality, neonatal intensive care, low birth weight,  cardiopulmonary conditions, gestational age. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical science.

  • Research Aspects in Biological Science Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of Biological Science. The contributions by the authors include Phytochemical Analysis, Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, seaweed, marine algae, Mammals, wildlife translocations, zoonosis, parasitic protozoa, Sexual reproduction, corals, Morphometric, shell dimension, allometric growth, nitrogen,  aziridine, carbamate, Coronary artery, myocardial bridge, ultra-structural, Insect diversity, paddy field,  species richness, species abundance, flora, floristic composition, vegetation, wound healing activity, methanolic extracts, epithelization, merigold and gel, Microbiota, microbiome, metagenetics, intestinal homeostasis, microbial dysbiosis, industrial additives, Biomass fuel, socioeconomic condition, socioculture practice, health ailments, cigarette smoking, respiratory health, cataract, asthma, low birth weight, morphology, phylogeny, traditional medicine, Transport phenomena, diffusion, viscosity, thermal conductibility, electric conductibility crossing-effects, and biophysical modelling. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Biological Science.

  • Advanced Research in Biological Science Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of biological science. The contributions by the authors include extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, polymerase chain reaction, escherichia coli, virulence genes, multidrug-resistant, urinary tract infections, spirometra, procercoid, sparganosis, tropical disease, plerocercoid-infection, embryonated, medicinal plants, aromatic plants, pharmaceutical industry, essential oils, postnatal cytogenetic evaluation, autosomal trisomy, cytogenetic analysis, chromosomal material, chromosomal non-disjunction, gtg banding technique, chromosomal abnormalities, aneuploidy, trisomy, birth defects, congenital malformation, karyotype, breast cancer cells, camptothecin, sonodynamic therapy, cancer nanomedicines, breast carcinoma, early growth response gene, camptothecin, benign tumors, combinatorial approaches, male reproductive system, prostate, protease inhibitors, artemisia pallens, hexadecanoic acid, interleukin receptor associated kinase, enteric dialysis, kidney failure, aquaculture, fish reproduction, virulence factors, potential risk factors, laccase gene, capsular associated protein gene, plant breeding, embryo rescue, somatic hybridization, protoplast culture, haploid culture, PMI intelligent, bacteria-mediated plant-insect intuitive, Biological advancement, atomic instruments, microbial communities, cortisol, stress hormone, human plasma, Cushing’s syndrome, Addison’s disease, fingerprints, curvature of the ridges, cheiloscopy, ineradicable markers, dermatoglyphics, naked eye method. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of biological science.

  • Technological Innovation in Engineering Research Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of Engineering Research.  The contributions by the authors include Modular building, environmental sustainability, promoting obstacle, construction project,  fuel reforming, syngas production, emissions, SI engine, stoichiometric mixture, Lean mixture, hydrous ethanol , anhydrous ethanol, Information and communication technology, E-government, Fibers, guarded hot plate, hotwire method, insulation, thermal conductivity, waste, Compressed air vehicle, fast filling, buffer reservoir, efficiency comparison, energetic properties, Internet of Things, NodeMcu, stepper motor, MQTT, Wi-Fi, Electromagnetoelastic actuator, structural-parametric model, piezoactuator, electromagnetoelasticity, structural diagram, matrix transfer function, Exponential regression, energy demand, long term forecast, Concrete, chlorination, carbonation, deterioration, Equivalent strut approach, Infill, push over analysis, storey drift, plastic hinge, performance point, and  AAC block. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Engineering Research.

  • Novel Aspects on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of chemistry and biochemistry. The contributions by the authors include acridinedione, acridine, heterocyclic compounds, nitrogen atoms, antimicrobial, nucleosides, nucleosides, analytical method, ivermectin and albendazole byusing, ortho phosphoricacid, \(\beta\)-cyclodextrin, textile finishing, esterification, biopolymers, polyester, reactive gas, deflagration initiation, deflagration, detonation, branching chain reaction theory, cholic acid, chalcone, antimicrobial activity, thiazine, solid phase organic synthesis, photolysis, solid-phase synthesis, cadaverine, computational exploration, spin density, iron oxide, metal oxide nano particles, carcinogenic, chitin, nano-crystalline crab-shell chitosan, high molecular weight crab-shell chitosan. Hydrocarbons, aerobic heterotrophic microorganisms, commercial surfactant. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of chemistry and biochemistry.

  • Research Aspects in Biological Science Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of Biological Science. The contributions by the authors include COVID-19, lockdown, migratory birds, gangetic dolphin, Gharial, catchment, water quality, physicochemical parameters, Electrophoresis,  gene frequency, haptoglobin,  phenotype, population study, Residues, contaminants, Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, bovine meat, Earthworm, neurosecretion, neurosecretory cells, elementary neurohaemal organ, AF stain, CAHP stain, elementary neurohaemal organ, Oil effluent exposure, oxygen uptake, filtration rate, depletion of glycogen,  digestive gland tissues, embryogenesis, Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, sexual differentiation, Fine needle aspiration cytology, Romanian pisciculture, native fishes,  Polyodon spathula meat, environmental risks, Mud puddling,  biodiversity, conservation, Body mass index, hamstring, and low back flexibility. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Biological Science.

  • Research and Developments in Engineering Research Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of engineering research. The contributions by the authors include reinforcing barsl steel bars, rattan cane, tensile characteristics, flexural strength, load-carrying capacity, reinforced concrete building facilities, artificial intelligence, data analytics, machine learning approach, security model, optimal reallocation, flower pollination algorithm, voltage stability, recycled aggregates, natural aggregates, demolished wastes, fault detection, fuzzy-GA approach, membership function, distribution system, micro-grid system, functionally graded plate, multilayer plate, material law, power coefficient, square microstrip patch antenna, greinacher voltage doubler, wireless power transmission, large sized housing estates, careful renovation, elemental techniques, holistic and integrated approaches, tenants’ participation, random vibration, power spectral density, pose tracking, root-relative coordinates, absolute root coordinates, deep neural network, Hybrid Approach,  genetic algorithm, polishing rules, robotics. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of engineering research.

  • Fluid Mechanics Lab Manual

    The aim of the manual to understand fundamental principles concepts and significance of various fluid mechanics experiments. The manual explains the procedure for various experiments including principle, experimental set up, handling of apparatus, range and accuracy of observations, model calculation, engineering significance, practical applications for each experiment in fluid mechanics. This manual also gives comprehensive view about how to perform various experiments, how to present the experiment results in the form of laboratory report and how to evaluate performance of a student in the laboratory and how to implement experiment results in field. Also it provides to the students the essential information required to understand fundamental concepts, to carry out the experiment and to implement the experiment results in the field. It improves skills in experimentation, presentation and implement of experimental results in the field. It will help to take accurate observations and analysis of experimental results.

  • Practical Guide to Research and Reporting

    It may be surprising to many people that the author chooses to write another book on research methodology and research reporting. Truly, there are so many books out there on this important subject. However, this is a unique book. This is because it is written by a young man who has been privileged to be involved in research across different countries. The author has also collaborated with excellent researchers across many countries. The author has therefore brought his many years of research experience and collaboration in writing this book. This is a very practical, simple to read book on steps/approach to conducting research and how to write research report. It provides simple steps and techniques on how to approach each section of the research with practical examples. It deals with the research process, highlighting key components of the research process. It starts by defining research methodology, research, reasons for doing research and the importance of research etc. The author did not take things for granted. He examined basic statistics in research and ethics in research as it affects human, animals and natural products. Experts have developed guidelines over many years as the benchmark for doing research and for measuring the validity of the results obtained. Failure to follow the guidelines could prevent research findings from being accepted. These protocols can vary between disciplines, but all follow the same basic structures and principles. Therefore, this book is a` humble contribution from the author to the scientific community, postgraduate students and different professionals who are engaged in research or contemplating of doing so now or in the future.

  • Research Aspects in Chemical and Materials Sciences Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of Chemical and Materials Sciences. The contributions by the authors include bio-tribology, total hip replacement, metal-PE articulation, sulphuric acid baking, metal dissolution, cobalt minerals, multi-layerd nanocrystalline, microstructure, transmission electron microscopy, optimal performance, electron density, physical and  chemical properties, biocompatibility, functional efficiency, block copolymers, hydrolytic polycondensation, filled vulcanizate, heat resistance, simulation, industrial processes, mass transfer, kinetics, thermodynamic approximation, hydrodynamic approximations, Boltzmann's approximation, column apparatuses, convection-diffusion model, average-concentration model, chemical reaction, absorption, homogeneous function, power functions complex, catastrophic failures, biomedical devices, Nickel Secretion, Suspended Particulate Matter, respirable Particulate Matter. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Chemical and Materials Sciences.

  • Research Highlights in Language, Literature and Education Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of language, literature and education. The contributions by the authors include mentor, learning strategies, learning media, agroecosystem areas, students' learning motivation, psycho-social factors, systemic paradigm, social representations, occupational mobility, literary translation, source language, target language, sacred text, vedic literature, thirukkural, savageness, idealism, Huxley's novel, empirical research, psycho-social processes, lexicometric analysis, differentiated teaching, virtual workshops, applied sciences, interpersonal skills, staff education, workplace policies, school and entrepreneurship education, finnish primary school curriculum, phenomenon-based learning, computer-aided learning, successful education, creative pedagogy, teaching strategies. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of language, literature and education.

  • Generalised Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation Method for Multilevel Inverters Including over Modulation Region and Its Implementation with FPGA

    The present day automated world has witnessed inexplicable changes that have led to the growth and development of a contemporary technological era. It has become vital on the part of electric utilities to accommodate the necessary changes with a view to accomplish the challenges of the growing application needs. The power electronic interfaces have become an imminent necessity in order to meet the objective. The consequent extensive use of semi-conductor power switches inadvertently generate the acrimonious signals along with the required output that cause deleterious effects  and contaminated with a wide range of harmonics.

    The formulation of control strategies have to be efficient to enable the converters in realizing the dictated performance. Pulse width modulation is a signal processing technology works as a key control scheme for the switching elements in power conversion. PWM is regarded as a high frequency energy processing operation performed on the converter switched output voltage/ input current waveform to optimize a specific performance criterion such as minimization of the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), reduction of lower order harmonics, spreading the harmonic power, loss minimization etc. Most of the known methods of generating PWM signals are based on a comparison between a reference or modulation signal with a suitable carrier, and grouped as natural sample PWM schemes. The space vector modulation (SVM) technique differs from the above methods in a way that there are no separate modulators used for each of the three-phases. This is an advanced and computation intensive PWM technique for multilevel inverters which can accomplish the desired characteristics.

    This book provides the comprehensive analysis and implementation of the generalized space vector pulse width modulation method for multilevel converters focused mainly on the most recent advances made in this field in the past few years, covering new promising topologies, modulations, controls and operational issues. Implemented the same in FPGA for cascaded and diode clamped multilevel inverters feeding induction motor load.

  • Solitary Electromagnetic Wave Theory and Lossy Line Technologies for Switching Mode Circuit

    The electric or electronics circuit engineers are addressing many kinds of the difficult problems whenever the development of the equipment and the systems. Among them, EMI including SI (signal integrity) and timing control of the signals will be the typical highly difficult problems of the digital circuit. However, the suitable design methodology based on the electromagnetic physics is not exist. The conventional design methodology of the digital circuit is in accordance with Boolean algebra and the AC circuit engineering theory. In addition, the microwave engineering theory is applied to the design of relatively long wiring.

    The electric or electronics circuit can be categorized the digital circuit and the analog circuit. The digital circuit uses the switching behavior of the semiconductor device and the analog circuit uses the linear behavior of the semiconductor device. The switching behavior of the semiconductor device can be said operation with large-signal model transistors and the linear behavior of the semiconductor device can be said operation with small signal model transistors also. The circuit operating with large-signal model transistors is not only digital circuit but there are the switching mode power supply circuit (SMPC) and the inverter circuit. Therefore, it is considered that the circuit operating with large signal model transistors is suitable to be called the switching mode circuit (SMC). The analog circuit is used in a limited field today and SMC is being used in almost all electric and electronics equipment today.

    All SMC consists of semiconductor devices and the transmission line. The transmission line consists of the insulator and the metal, which is called the interconnect in the case of LSI and is called the trace in the case of PCB.

    The semiconductor devices change the electromagnetic field on SMC. According to the electromagnetism, the changed electric field or the changing magnetic field forms the electromagnetic wave. AC circuit engineering theory based on the static electromagnetic physics fits to the low frequency analog circuit in which the changing speed of the electromagnetic field is slow. The microwave engineering theory is based on the electromagnetic wave theory in electromagnetic physics in basic, therefor it is used to the high frequency analog circuit. Currently, it is believed that the signal of the digital circuit consists of wide band spectra in accordance with the AC circuit engineering theory. Therefore, the microwave engineering theory has been applied to the digital circuit design of relatively long wiring. However, this idea cannot be applied to the noncontinuous switching operation of the digital circuit in which there is nothing before turns ON and after turns OFF. Because, the electromagnetic waves forming the wide band spectra are the continuous wave which means that it has not both start timing and the stop timing. 

    To improve this situation, the solitary electromagnetic wave (SEMW) theory was developed. It is in accordance with to the current electromagnetic physics and only the electromagnetic wave form is different. The electromagnetic wave form in the current electromagnetic physics is continuous and it is shown by the frequency function. On the other hand, the electromagnetic wave form in the SEMW theory is alone and it is shown by the time function. The SEMW which is generated by the transistor operating with large signal model travels in the insulator of the transmission line at light speed approximately. The generation mechanism and the behavior of SEMW is presented in the novel SEMW theory in this book. The timing control for the interconnect designs of SoC/LSI cannot be analyzed by the electromagnetic wave theory of the conventional electromagnetic physics but it can be analyzed easily by using the SEMW theory.

    At the design and analysis of SMC, many types of the instruments, CAD tools, and the simulators have been used. The time domain types have been used for the SMC engineers usually and the frequency domain types have been used for the EMC engineers and analog engineers. Timing design of the signals is the main objective for the SMC engineers and they have not believed the conventional electromagnetic physics. In contrast, to minimize the electromagnetic interference with the broadcasting service is the main objective of the EMC engineers and they have believed firmly the conventional electromagnetic physics. As the result, the conflicts and the sense of distrust occurred in some times between the SMC engineers and the EMC engineers sometimes. Appearance of SEMW theory will improve dramatically this situation.

    Solving the EMC problems of SMC is too difficult by the conventional physics and the engineering knowledge. But it becomes easily by using the lossy line (LL) technologies consist of the low impedance lossy line (LILL) technology and the matched impedance lossy line (MILL) technology which was developed in accordance with SEMW theory. LILL technology is used to the power supply line of SMC and MILL technology is used to the signal transmission line. LILL has the low impedance that has about less than 1% of it of the signal line and has the large transmission loss about 50dB (\(\risingdotseq\)300). MILL has the matched impedance with it of the signal line and has the relatively large transmission loss more than 30dB (\(\risingdotseq\)30). The design method and the performance of these in the SMC are presented in this book.

    SMC including SoC/LSI can be reformed to quasi-stationary state closed circuit (QSCC) easily by using LL technologies in accordance of the SEMW theory. SMC design and analysis will become easily by this way. The design examples of QSCC are presented in this book.  

    In this book, the SEMW theory and technologies based on it are discussed in accordance with the conventional electromagnetic physics. Therefore, the solution or the guideline which is presented in this book will be accepted willingly by not only SMC engineers but all electric and electronics engineers.

  • Translation from Theory to Practice

    Translation is necessary to surmount linguistic and cultural barriers. It is essential to enable effective intercultural communication among people from different cultures. It is conducted at almost any given moment, not only for literary works but for all aspects of life all over the world. Thus, it goes on at all circuit points: in network communications, in international press agencies, in various departments of newspapers, and at radio and television stations, in diplomatic missions and governments of all countries, in international conferences, among border and customs authorities, in export and import firms, in administrative offices, in film studios, and in all international means of transportation. It takes place almost everywhere and has become an integral part of modern life. Thus, translation is indispensable as it constitutes an important means of communication and cultural transmission as well as a technique for language learning. It is also worth being aware that translation is likely to have been taking place for as long as languages have been written down.

    However, translation is not an easy task—even its definitions differ according to the different perspectives of translation theories. Some theorists define it as an art or a science, which was a great debate between theorists in the 20th century. Others consider it as either a process or a product. Thus, some theorists concern translation as a process to inspect what is going on in the minds of translators. On the other hand, some theorists are more interested in translation as a product to criticize the translated texts according to certain rules and norms that presupposed to be followed by translators. Some definitions consider translation as a skill or a cognitive activity that should be mastered through training and studying its varied fields. Others tackle its relation to culture, communication, and linguistics that influence and be influenced by different societies and cultures.

    In all cases, theorists assure that translation is not considered as a branch of language that should be included in linguistic courses anymore. It is rather a field of study that requires more than proficiency in two languages. It demands mastering what is behind these languages and cultures. It necessitates being skillful in varied domains according to the fields of translation that one intends to conquer.

    No doubt that it is inevitable to master the two languages in order to be a proficient translator. However, it is crucial as well to know about the varied fields of translation to be able to understand the texts to be translated. In addition, it is substantial to master the cultural aspects of the two languages in order to be able to understand the imbedded meanings behind the texts in these languages. All these competencies demand studying translation process and learn how to be a proficient translator.

    Hence, translation requires not only a lot of skills but also sustainable training as well. Even in the linguistic domain, one needs excessive training to be a professional translator. Thus, since there is no absolute synonymy between words in the same language, it is not strange to discover a lack of synonymy between different languages. Translators need to be familiar with these barriers in translation and learn new strategies to overcome the difficulties they may encounter in translation.

    To sum up, translators’ journey from beginners to professionals requires training on developing their knowledge of the varied fields of translation, using translation strategies to overcome the problems of translation, and mastering achieving cohesion and coherence of the translated texts. Therefore, the present book handles different translation problems from different perspectives of translation studies, trying to give translators some aid to master translation skills and produce an acceptable translation.

    The present book is dedicated to translation students and trainees. The book tackles translation as a process. The book proposes a four-step model for the translation process based on translation theories and schema theory. This model was designed by the authors of the book and is called the Schema-Based Translation Model (SBTM). It offers guidelines upon which translation practicing programs may be based. It also may be used to develop basic translation skills. The book includes five chapters.

    Chapter one handles the main criteria of acceptable translation, the importance of teaching translation, and the main stages of the translation process proposed by the authors. These criteria were set based on different rules according to the authors’ experiences in translation studies.

    Chapter two concerns the relationship between schema and translation.  As the first step in the translating process is comprehension, this chapter concentrates on how translators can make the best use of schema activation in translation. It discusses the importance of schema activation in understanding the source text in order to be able to get the core meaning of the original text and convey it into the target language.

    Chapter three aims to help translators to overcome some problems of the source text and its heavy styles. This chapter aims to enhance the translator’s ability to understand, maintain, and use translation strategies during translation from English into Arabic and vice versa. The chapter offers strategies on word level, sentence level, and text level. It introduces the problems that a translator may encounter in translation process and how to solve them giving examples for each problem and suitable applied strategy.

    The main aim of chapter four is to train translators to write the first draft of a translation, paying close attention to the differences between the two languages—the source language and the target one—either cultural, structural, or linguistic differences. This chapter considers the differences between the source language and the target language and how to write the conceived meaning of the source text in the target language according to its rules without interfering with the source language.

    The main aim of chapter five is to train translators to make the necessary changes and correct mistakes in the first draft. Translators have to revise the translation draft and conduct the necessary modifications in the target text. This stage includes correcting and reordering to maintain coherence and cohesion in the target text. This may include adding, omitting, reordering, rephrasing, rehearsing, .......etc. It all based on the convenience coherence, and acceptance of the target text.

  • Advances and Challenges in Science and Technology Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of science and technology. The contributions by the authors include received signal strength, LTE, mobile network, quality of experience, root cause analysis, universal mobile telecommunications system, mean absolute percentage error, global positioning system, mean opinion scores, key performance indicators, hypertext transfer protocol, gradient tree boosting, minimum quantity lubrication, cutting fluids, nano-fluid, nano-fluid, machine learning models, random forest, support vector machines, heterogenous resolutions, pansharpening, lagrange optimization, signal to noise ratio, root mean square error, spectral discrepancy, cad system, 3d printing, artificial intelligence, cox proportional hazard model, cox regression analysis, hazard ratio, protodiakonov coefficient, cooling system, photovoltaic utilization, energy efficiency, greentransportation, energysaving, energydilemma, solarenergy, international energy agency,  facilitation of skill learning, image transformation, deep neural network. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of science and technology.

  • Current Aspects in Business, Economics and Finance Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of Business, Economics and Finance. The contributions by the authors include business enterprises, information and communication technology, business incubation, business performance,  Managerial style, computer based accounting information system, managerial performance, sugar industries, revitalization, Financial statements, capital market,  financial information,  Revaluation of property, stock price, Foreign trade policy, bilateral trade agreement, global supply chains, anti-protectionist forces, trade policies,  market efficiency, sukuk indices,  GARCH-in-Mean, Business Income Tax , corporate sponsorships, tax-exempt organizations, qualified sponsorship payments, Privatization, divergence, convergence, OHADA uniform accounting act, international financial reporting standards, Agricultural insurance, wine supply chain, public subsidies, insurance indicators, controlled and guaranteed origin denomination , economy of viticulture, ARIMA, time series,  Job satisfaction, and  turnover intention. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Business, Economics and Finance.

  • Current Perspective to Physical Science Research Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of physical science. The contributions by the authors include full potential linearized augmented plane wave, density functional theory,  generalized gradient approximation, valence band maxima, Fermi level, quantum dots,  semiconductors, alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, impulse response function, fractional derivative, fractional integration, mittag-leffler function, stretched exponential function, quantitative susceptibility mapping, specific heat, green's function, density of states, model hamiltonian, high resolution spectroscopy, tunneling spectroscopy, quantum field, Wigner’s analysis, special relativity, Schrödinger equation, Romanovski polynomials, Euclidean space,  boiling heat transfer, Monte Carlo Method, flow boiling, heat transfer coefficient, Trefftz functions,thermodynamics, thermodynamic equilibrium, equilibrium temperature, Loschmidt's number, kinetic theory of gases, Boltzmann’s distribution. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of physical science.

  • Current Practice in Medical Science Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of Medical Science. The contributions by the authors include Pankey mann schuyler Concept, rehabilitation, Systemic sclerosis, eosinophilia, hypocomplementemia, Keratoconus, cornea, cross linking,  ibuprofen, inadvertent, intravenous, oral preparation wrong route, Medication safety, oral syringe, Gastric cancer, Body mass index ,cancer-associated adipocyte, disseminated tumor cells, metastasis, Melatonin, COVID-19 treatment, neurocognitive health, Gangrene, frostbite, Unani medicine, anti-inflammatory activity, anti-ulcer activity, wound healing activity, Mullerian agenesis, neovaginal construction, skin graft, sexual satisfaction, Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, periodontitis,  neutrophil extracellular trap, SARS-CoV-2, pulmonar surfactant, Acute respiratory distress syndrome,  Fibromuscular dysplasia, splenic aneurysm, hypersplenism, non-cirrhotic portal hypertension, Essential thrombocythemia, platelet activation, myelofibrosis, anagrelide, Stingray, poisoning,  envenomation, marine fauna,  Cystic hygroma, lymphangioma, picibanil, neonatal gangrene, Infectious diseases, prevention of immune defenses, polyfunctional liposomes, Health professionals, health occupations, medical students,  smoking cessation, tobacco use cessation, Abductor pollicis brevis, long latency reflex, median nerve, Cerebral palsy, mirror therapy, hemiplegia, Self Myocardial Retroperfusion , coronary circulation, left azygos vein, inotropism, hemodynamics, conductance catheter, Phonocardiography, event synchronous segmentation,  spectrogram, GMM classifier, dentigerous cyst, ectopic tooth,  odontogenic cyst, Genomics analysis, clinical genomics diagnosis, single-cell diagnosis,  cell culture, biomarker discovery, and therapeutic targeting. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Medical Science.

  • ST - 361 : Distribution Theory - II

    Welcome to Distribution Theory - II's interesting world. I'm glad to give you this detailed book of Distribution Theory. For graduate students studying in the discipline of statistics, really there is no such complete book readily available. Students studying statistics at the degree, honours, and post-graduate levels will benefit from the current book. Students studying for numerous competitive exams would find the book useful as well. When writing this book, it was kept in mind that anyone reading it would find the topics easy to study and comprehend. Every e ort has been taken to write the theorems or proofs in the simplest way feasible, and certain dicult parts have been splitted out with extensive explanations.

    In order to create a resource that satisfies the needs of both students and professionals seeking a thorough understanding of the distribution theory, I drew on my experience as a teacher when writing this book. The structure of "Foundations of Distribution Theory - II" is designed to lead the reader logically and gradually through the subject matter. The framework for the next topic has been laid forth, as has an outline of the essential notions of distributions.

    Reader may go at his/her own pace and gradually understand the nuances of distribution theory because there are thorough explanations, step-by-step derivations, and exercises with varied degrees of diculty included.

    This book's chapters cover six di erent probability distributions, each of which has unique properties and uses. In the first chapter, modelling the Weibull distribution, which is renowned for its adaptability in simulating a variety of events, from extreme value theory to reliability analysis is discussed in details. The Lognormal distribution is then discussed in the next chapter, where positive variables show patterns of multiplicative development, in areas such as economics, biology,  and engineering. In the third chpater, truncated Normal distribution is the subject of the following discussion and offers a glimpse into the diffculties of working with constrained ranges as well as a demonstration of how truncation affects distribution features. The study of Laplace distribution continues in the fourth chapter. The fifth chapter discusses about the Pareto distribution which appears as a crucial player in understanding power dynamics, wealth distribution, and phenomena monitored by the "80-20 rule." Its importance as a technique for capturing heavy-tailed distributions is highlighted by the fact that it appears across a variety of fields. The Bivariate Normal distribution, which depicts the relationship between two variables and gives insights into correlation and dependence, brings our voyage to a close.

    I genuinely thank you, the reader, for your interest in and dedication to learning as you embark on this intellectual adventure. I'm hoping that this book will be a reliable companion that teaches you how to
    handle dicult problems and motivates additional research in this fascinating field..

    I hope that your study on distribution theory is fruitful and enlightening.

  • Current Practice in Medical Science Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of Medical Science. The contributions by the authors include Resveratrol, breast cancer, Mucinous breast carcinoma, modified radical mastectomy, anthracycline, adjuvant chemotherapy, Diabetes, Type 2 diabetes, insulin, Prostate cancer, radiotherapy, radical prostatectomy, Schizophrenia, psychosocial rehabilitation programme, triangular fibrocartilage, radio-ulnar joint, Molecular imaging, PET-CT, radiotracers, molecular pathways, Carotid space abscess, needle aspiration, respiratory tract, deep neck space infections, Dens invaginatus, Cone beam computed tomography, microdontia, taurodontism, Renal derangement, renal function test, sickle cell anemia, vaso-occlusive crisis,  parkinson’s disease, neuroprotection, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant properties, Cellular signaling, genetic mutations, COVID-19, inflammation, coagulation, Thyroid nodules, thyroid cancer, thyroid FNA, and Otorhinolaryngological symptoms. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Medical Science.

  • Ant Fauna of Assam: A Case Study at Gauhati University Campus, Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam

    This book is the result of a need for documentation of myrmecofauna in a diversity-rich state like Assam. We strongly felt the demand for a book on ants with photographic images and started working on ants to address the gap in 2018 which materialized in 2023.

    The book is targeted to a broad group of readers viz. students of Zoology, students and researchers in the field of Entomology, amateur scientists, naturalists, pollination and conservation biologist, wildlife personnel, and common people as a whole who are enthusiastic to know more about the most familiar creature abundantly present inside and outside houses. The book can also be used as a field guide of myrmecofauna not only in Assam but also in the Northeastern part of India. It would be helpful for students of undergraduate, post-graduate as well as Ph.D. curricula of Zoology and Wild-Life Biology for carrying out project work on ants and ant-related studies. As far as possible, the book is written in simple language to make things understandable to students and even to layman people.

    This book contains three chapters. The first chapter includes the introduction to ants, taxonomic keys upto genus level in the tabular form primarily based on Bolton (1994), checklists of ants, morphological characters in the simplified form of 41 ant species along with their microscopic photographs, and brief information on their distribution, feeding, nesting habit, and pest/ predator status. Chapter II is devoted to ant-mimicking spiders. It comprises an introduction to ant-mimicking spiders, information on association with their model ants, a list of published ant-mimicking spiders along with their model ants in tabular form based on existing literature, and lastly brief discussion on ant-mimicking spiders in India and morphological description of 10 ant-mimicking spiders recorded in the campus of Gauhati University with microscopic photographs.

    Since ants play many diverse roles in nature, their ecological role in pollination is the least studied and a topic of debate. The third or the last chapters discussed flower-visiting ants, their pollination roles, and contrasting pollinator deterrent roles based on existing literature and a comprehensive list of the roles of ants as pollinators, pollinator deterrents, or simply flower visitors. Lastly, 13 flower-vising ants recorded on the campus of Gauhati University are discussed.

    I hope readers will enjoy reading this book and develop the curiosity to explore more about ants, ants- related fascinating ecological and evolutionary facts in nature.

  • Research Developments in Science and Technology Vol. 10

    This book covers key areas of Science and Technology. The contributions by the authors include Equilibrium moisture content, extruded product, net isosteric heat, relative humidity, temperature condition, water activity, Technical hands-on experience, technical skills, sustainable economy, practical assessment tasks, Fingerprint, liveness,  Bayesian CNN, deep active learning,   WorldView, medical device, software solution, Olive mill effluent, ultrasound, Nano-sized titanium dioxide, Nano-sized nickel oxide, Nano-sized zinc oxide, Arc-GIS server, java script, attribute data,  application programme interface, Concrete, tuberose, hexane, shelf life, Agave amica, intercropping, Hot shock wave consolidation, solar melting, vibrating torsional magnetometry, critical temperature, bismuth cuprates, Neurological disorders, machine learning, predictive analytics, feature subset selection, Personogenetic function change, cephalopods,  brain equation, Kinetic rate, Gravimetric Intermittent Titration Technique , Lithium-ion Battery, Solar energy, multi-stage solar desalination, flat plate thermal collectors, distilled water, saline water, potable water, Photovoltaic panels, solar energy, multi-cellular boost converter, cooking, and solar cooker. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Science and Technology.

  • Novel Aspects on Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of pharmaceutical research. The contributions by the authors include gas chromatography mass spectrometry, silica capillary column, phytocomponents, liver pain, painful menstruation, throat disorders, angina, stomach-ache, colic, headache, rheumatism, rutin attenuates symptom, endotoxemia, lipopolysaccharide, inflammatrory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor, endotoxemia model, medicated chewing gum, mucosal, cryogenic, hydrogen, antimicrobial potential, pre-used dentures, denture, microemulsion, proton-coupled electron, superoxide radical anion, antioxidants, electron spin resonance spectrum, stroke; telemetric system, stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat, blood pressure, quantitative trait loci, green synthesis, silver nanoparticles, anti-oxidant activity, green-chemistry, nanobiotechnology, gastroretentive, natural gums, acute toxicity, anti-anxiety activity, histopathological tests, hydroalcoholic leaf extracts,  defeacation, urination, hepatoprotective, transdermal drug delivery systems, systemic blood circulation, nano-formulations, eplerenone, aldosterone circulating levels, plasma renin activity, spironolactone, analgesic activity, herbaceous plant, acute pain. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of pharmaceutical research.

  • Population Dynamics, Infectivity and Longevity of Anopheles Mosquitoes in Relation to Malaria Transmission in Bali District, Taraba State

    Many researches have been conducted in malaria epidemiology and mosquito ecology globally especially in the tropics and sub-tropical regions where malaria is endemic. These efforts have resulted into findings that are capable of tackling malaria parasite burden and the Anopheles vectorial capacity. The expected outcome has been in reduction of malaria cases and to promoting socio-economic development of concerned nations. The disease, though preventable still remains deadly in sub-saharan Africa.

    Keeping in mind the environmental factors determining the transmission of this disease, I decided to, among other research works which mostly centered on distribution and abundance of malaria vectors and prevalence of the parasites, dig more to population dynamics and monitoring Plasmodium infection in mosquito vectors and into life expectancies and survival rates of the vectors so as to give us holistic insight into the science-based and economic intervention strategies that might be employed by the policy makers.

    This book, thus has been written as a report of research conducted during rainy and dry seasons in a savanna ecological zone of Nigeria, titled ‘Population Dynamics, Infectivity and Longevity of Anopheles mosquitoes in relation to Malaria Transmission in Bali District, Taraba state, Nigeria’ for the benefits of students, researchers and Policy makers. It is expected that the findings therein would be clearly understood, utilize and applied appropriately for the benefit of humanity.

    I wish to express my sincere thanks to Tertiary Education Trust Fund (TETFund) Abuja/Federal Polytechnic Bali for sponsorship of the research. I appreciate the efforts of the Assistant Researchers- Teaching and Technical staff of the Science Laboratory Technology department whose names are mentioned as Co-authors for contribution in field work and also Tolulope Oyeniyi of Nigerian Institute of Medical Research for assisting in Laboratory/Biochemical analysis of mosquitoes.

    I will not forget Taraba state College of Agriculture, Jalingo who supplied me the meteorological data used in this study, and my mentors in Modibbo Adama University, Yola Adamawa state, Nigeria- Professors E.B Alo and R.S Naphtali thank you for academic support. To my family thank you for patience. Above all, Thank God for everything.

  • An Overview on Business, Management and Economics Research Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of business, management and economics research. The contributions by the authors include natural gas distribution, natural gas consumption, carbon emission, non-hydrocarbon gases, greenhouse gas, green economic growth, simultaneous panel model, environmental degradation, industrial biowaste, management practices, solid waste, local government authorities, community-based organizations, organic waste, solid waste management, dynamic disruptor, hospitality industry, socio-legal implication, cruise industry, market analysis, novel analytical tool, service-oriented architecture, electronic commerce, electronic data interchange, multi-platform distributed system, entrepreneurship, economic empowerment, agro-processors, small business development, sustainable development,  artificial intelligence, smart robots, robonomics,  income inequality, gross domestic product, emotional intelligence,  job performance. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of business, management and economics research.

  • Food Toxicology: Theory, Practice and Resolve in Vietnam

    Food always has an important meaning for human health, using unhygienic and unsafe food can be poisoned. Understanding the causes of food poisoning and prevention measures is essential to protect the health of yourself, your family and everyone in society.

    Food toxicology is the study of the nature, behavior and effects of toxins and toxins in the field or related to the food sector.

    Toxins, the food toxins that cause food poisoning, can appear in two ways:

    -       Toxins and toxins are available in foods (in bamboo shoots, mushrooms, tapioca, or accumulate through exchange and absorption of nutrients from soil, water, and air).

    -       Foreign toxins infect food through raw materials, processing, preservation and even in use (such as E. coli, Coli form, dust germs, bacteria, fungi, contaminated water, etc.).

    Food poisoning, also commonly known as food poisoning or food poisoning, is a pathological manifestation that appears after eating and drinking and is also a phenomenon in which people are poisoned, poisoned by eating and drinking certain foods. foods that are contaminated, contaminated or contain toxic substances or foods that are degraded, rancid, with preservatives, additives, etc. It can also be considered as a food-borne disease, the result of eating contaminated food or in other words, food and drink containing toxins or toxins that exceed the allowable food safety limit.

    People with food poisoning often manifest through clinical symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, fever, abdominal pain,... Food poisoning is not only harmful to health (can lead to death). death) but also makes people mentally tired and spends money.

    The main cause of food poisoning is due to eating or drinking food that has been contaminated or contaminated with chemicals (heavy metals, mycotoxins, ...) or toxins transmitted through the food chain ( food chairn).

    According to experts on food safety and hygiene, summer food poisoning is often caused by food contaminated with microorganisms (bacteria, parasites), because the high summer temperature is favorable for microorganisms to multiply and develope. In particular, foods derived from animals such as meat, eggs, fish, and milk are rich in protein, which easily becomes a good environment for microorganisms, especially pathogenic bacteria, to grow and then wake up. The food turned into poison.

    Infectious diseases caused by microorganisms, food-borne toxins, or food poisoning caused by chemicals or by ingesting poisonous leaves, fruits, mushrooms and fungi, etc., are common all over the world. gender. It is estimated that in the United States alone, more than 75 million cases occur annually, causing about 5,000 deaths each year.

    Along with the strong development of industry, agriculture, commerce, service, economy, people's food needs are increasingly demanding. But no matter how high, sophisticated, or complicated the human food needs are, the raw materials (or origins) to make that food are still plants and animals on earth. The strong development in all areas of human life, especially industry and agriculture, sometimes, if not every day, has a negative impact on the earth's environment, which means effects on flora and fauna. These effects can be seen very clearly such as the mass death of animals, the reduction of forests, etc., but they can also be silent and dangerous effects such as the creeping and accumulation of toxic wastes. Harmful in the food chain and in the food we eat every day. Therefore, there have been many cases of acute poisoning, fatal or unrecognizable, and then a time after incurable cancer.

    Food poisoning (referred to as food poisoning – NDTP) has been studied for a long time and studied a lot. But with a food toxicology perspective, we will learn the origin and status of poisoning through the food chain or through food and its effects on people and the community, in order to protect health from the very beginning. Not happen.

    Food toxicology is a discipline that is interested in toxins, toxins in their generation or invasion and harm, as well as not forgetting to mention the prevention and control of poisoning.

    There are three concepts that always go together, but three but one:

    • Food poisoning

    Food poisoning is a medical condition caused by eating or drinking contaminated food or substances that are toxic to human health. Food poisoning usually manifests itself in two forms: acute poisoning and chronic poisoning:

    + Acute poisoning: usually manifests about 30 minutes or days after eating contaminated food. Symptoms of poisoning with these foods are: passing loose stools several times a day, abdominal pain, nausea or vomiting continuously, fatigue, irritability, headache, dizziness, lightheadedness, etc. Acute toxicity is usually caused by ingestion of food contaminated with microorganisms or chemicals in large quantities.

    + Chronic poisoning: often there are no obvious signs after eating contaminated food.

    The book Food Toxicology was born to serve the lessons in universities or for reference experts.

    The book may have many shortcomings, hope to receive sincere suggestions from readers.

    Thank you for your cooperation.

  • Recent Trends in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of arts and social studies. The contributions by the authors include child rearing, father involvement, emotional attachment, child's mental health, theory of attachment, urban divorce demography, responsibility of childcare, psychological development, pottery production, refractory products, earthenware, condoms breakage, condoms slip off, consistent usage of condoms, transmission of HIV, sexual intercourse, morality, trustworthiness, household food insecurity, dietary energy, coping strategies index, resource allocation, geographic targeting, collective responsibility, moral taint, amalgamation, european colonialism, economic domination, heterogeneous material practices, christopher bochmann,  isobematic music, musical motivation, mental maps, homogenization, systemic theory, manipulation, behavioral geography, spiral of silence, discrimination, LGBT+ community, homosexuality, LGBTQIA+ community. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of arts and social studies.

  • SP'z Series New Insights on Urology and Urological Research Part I

    The practice of Urology has undergone evolutionary changes in the last few decades’ right from clinical signs symptoms to the recent investigation Era of Evidence Based Medicine, but still importance of clinical examination and bed side teaching will never fade. This book is envisaged to provide a range of learning avenues to reinforce the concepts and reiterate the minute details in Urology. This book will be a good source for research topics unique to the Indian urology scenario unlike others which have higher western influences which are nearly impossible in the Indian scenario where affordability is a major factor in making treatment decisions.

  • Current Innovations in Chemical and Materials Sciences Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of chemical and materials sciences. The contributions by the authors include low density polyethylene, bituminous mix, flexible pavement, urbanization, industrialization, disposal capability, mass production, environmental pollution, stone mastic asphalt, polyethylene, phosphorite ores, raw materials, apatite ores, phosphorites of podillya, mineralogical composition, glass-ceramic fiber, yellow emission, broadband, dy3+-doped yag crystal, precursor fiber, molten core drawing, full-width half maximum, fluorite phase, complex crystal, rare-earth elements, alkaline-earth metal, fluorspar purification, crystal growth, mixed alkaline-earth metal fluoride systems, vapour phase, electrochemical devices, artificial crystals, deep ultra-violet, waste badminton string fiber, scanning electron microscope, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, fiber reinforced concrete, spark plasma texturing, spark plasma sintering, hot pressing, thermoelectric effect, photoelectrochemical cell, critical micelle concentration,  conversion efficiency, polyurethane, polymerization, screen-printed electrode, voltammetry,  fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, polythiophene, polyfluorene, materials engineering, age of enlightenment, materials science. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of chemical and materials sciences.

  • Current Overview on Disease and Health Research Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of Disease and Health Research. The contributions by the authors include L-thyroxin, ovary, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, testis, Enteric fever, Acalculous cholecystitis, Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome, Ultrasonography, hemoculture, Widal test, Blood glucose, euglycaemia, eumetabolism, dysmetabolism, diabetes, chronic stress, Clavicle, nutrient foramen, foramen index, sternal end, bone grafting, Bladder cancer, thermotherapy, non-muscle invasive, chemohyperthermia, recirculating, intravesical chemotherapy, Exfoliative buccal mucosa cells, exfoliative cytology, buccal micronucleus cytome, buccal epithelial cells, cytokinesis blocked micronucleus assay, antibiotic sensitivity, histology, clarithromycin , levofloxacin, Severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions, cyclosporine,  CUSCORE method, Bernoulli CUSUM,  COVID-19, Parkinson’s disease, neurological symptoms, neurodegeneration, Parkinsonism prevention, Ionizing radiation, radioprotection, chromosomal aberration, cytochalasin-B blocked micronuclei, histamine H2 receptor antagonist, famotidine, ranitidine, human lymphocytes,  Arterial Blood Gas , and  chronic disease. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Disease and Health Research.

  • An Overview of Emerging Contaminants in Water Sources: A Global Outlook

    Advance in methods of detection for some organic chemicals in water sources has steered the screening and quantification of high quantity of contaminants collectively with their end products, which formerly were not identified in water sources and are currently recognized as emerging contaminants. The accumulation and discovery of levels of these emerging contaminants in water sources has reduced water quality and made it risky for aquatic and human life. Exposure to these organic contaminants may trigger serious health effects. The aim of this book is to give a comprehensive review of global occurrence of emerging contaminants in various water sources such as surface water, groundwater, treated drinking water and wastewater influent and effluent. The book introduces audience to concepts of water sources, emerging contaminants, point sources and non-point sources of emerging contaminants. It offers a glimpse of international and South African case studies on the occurrence of emerging contaminants precisely herbicides, pharmaceutical, steroid hormones and personal care products in water sources as well as in wastewater treatment works. The analytical and removal methods of emerging contaminants in water sources are also covered. Moreover, information on possible environmental health impacts ensuing from exposure to emerging contaminants and their possible mitigation measures (such as classification and labelling methods; point source separation methods; regulating the release of emerging contaminants) are discussed. The occurrence of emerging contaminants around the world (Africa, America, Asia, Europe, and Oceania) is likely to upsurge in water sources and wastewater treatment works as a results of rise in population which is a public health concern. Therefore, more studies that report on the widespread of emerging contaminants in water sources, and their associated environmental health risks are needed to help regulators in establishing priority measures for management of water resources.

  • Banking Sector, Non-Performing Loans, Financial Crisis: Evidence from Greece

    The financial crisis which erupted in 2008 affected the banking system worldwide, creating spillover effects at the Greek banking sector as well.

    Before the eruption of financial crisis, the Greek economy showed indications of recklessness, allowing high public and private debt, deciding over-taxation for physical and legal entities, and increasing trade deficit.

    A consequence of the global debt which hit hardest Greece and threatened the stability of the Greek banking System was the increase in non-performing loans and the outflow of bank deposits. The non-performing loans (NPLs) phenomenon has emerged in the early 2010 and has affected negatively the Banking sector and the whole economies.

    This period of 2007 to 2009 is characterized by high profitability, liquidity and high capital adequacy.

    During the years 2010 to 2012 banks reached their worst ratings.

    Profitability before taxes and capital adequacy have been improved In 2017 for the Greek banking system.

    The survey concludes the following:

    • Interest income on loans is positive for all Banks but fluctuates widely.
    • Interest-Expenses have an asymmetric distribution but without much heterogeneity.
    • Loans over 90 days past due are uniform except Piraeus Bank which has an extreme price.
    • The correlation between ROA and ROE with the loans, is not statistically significant.
    • The impact on the Equity of all forms loans, except the regulated, is considered statistically significant.
    • The negative impact of loans over 90 days is considered statistically significant on Net Profit before Tax.

  • Advances and Challenges in Science and Technology Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of science and technology. The contributions by the authors include Taylor Vortex Flow, cylinder's velocity, axisymmetric flow,  computational fluid dynamics, fluid informatics, interactive visualization system, double cylinder, couette flow, nonaxisymmetric solution, artificial intelligence,  laboratory medicine, automation, cardiology, neurology, radiology, AI algorithms, semiautomated analyses, geophysical flight, airborne geophysical survey, geophysical data acquisition, geophysical surveying, magnetic and gamma-ray,  smart sustainable cities, sustainable and smart urban, climate change, swift digital transformation, parameter controls compression, better portable graphics encoder, accuracy improvement, compression ratio, lossless compression techniques, security system, energy efficient water supply, internet of things, susceptance, agricultural sector, low soil fertility, green hydrogen, energy vector, water electrolysis, geological storage, leaching process, wind power, thermal efficiency, box-type solar cooker, école normale supérieure, liquefied petroleum gas, pedostructure, soil water thermodynamics, systemic approach, hydrostructural equilibrium, hydrostructural pedology, geomorphology, hydrology and agronomy. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of science and technology.

  • Remote Sensing Applications for Sustainable Coastal Habitat Management

    Food, fossil fuels, electricity, transportation, and recreation may all be found in abundance in the coastal and marine environment, which is also home to a plethora of complex ecosystems that are vital to the long-term health of our planet. But human actions like tourism, urbanisation, navigation, fishing, agriculture, and aquaculture diminish these vital economic and cultural benefits. By giving data that can be utilised in decision-making to protect and maintain the environment, remote sensing is a widely employed method. The interpretation of remote sensing photos enables physical and biogeographers, ecologists, agricultural researchers, and foresters to quickly discover what vegetation is present in certain regions, its growth potential, and occasionally what conditions are conducive to its existence. Additionally, remote sensing provides the capacity to collect information over a wide region, characterise natural characteristics or physical items on the ground, examine surface areas or objects on a regular basis, and integrate this data with other information to help make better decisions.

    Thus the first part of the book (Chapter-1) deals with coastal habitats, their importance ; the second part (Chapters-2) deals with the significance of various unique coastal ecosystems, and the last part (Chapters-3) focuses on remote sensing applications for coastal habitats to achieve sustainable coastal habitat management.

    I am deeply grateful to faculty and reviewers who have suggested changes for this book. We strongly believe that this book will useful for research in this key field in the forthcoming years for the benefit of our Society. Have a nice read!

  • Emerging Issues in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of agricultural sciences. The contributions by the authors include fish farming, aquatic ecosystem, compound fertilizer, cassava production, post-harvesting operations, electric seeder, multi-crop seeder, cocoa beans, post-harvest processing, crop practices, sesame seed, natural antioxidants, cash crop, biological products, agricultural demand, potato tubers, crop rotation, protection of roots, fruit crops, leaf explants, apple rootstocks, sugarcane, agricultural innovation, livestock production, sedentary human civilization, soil parameters, fertilizer-application, bacteria, food production system, microbe-microbe interaction and green vegetables. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of agricultural sciences.

  • Natural and Synthetic Chalcones as Privileged Molecules with Antioxidant Activities

    Increased concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause cell degradation and distortion of molecules with protein, lipid nature or macromolecules. Maintaining a balance between ROS formated and eliminated is directly correlated with maintaining cell homeostasis. Antioxidants are molecules that have ability to counteract negative effects of ROS. These are synthetic and natural compounds. A class of compounds highly studied for antioxidant properties are flavonoids. From these, chalcones are privileged molecules due to numerous biological properties they have, many of them being dependent on their antioxidant capacity. This property is dependent on the nature and position of the substituents on the two aromatic subunits (aldehyde and acetofenone), hydroxy and methoxy groups being essential. Also, by replacing an aromatic subunit with a heterocycle (e.g., isoxazole), hybrid molecules with superior antioxidant properties are formed.

  • Current Innovations in Disease and Health Research Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of disease and health. The contributions by the authors include HIV transmission, commercial sex, sexual behavior,  alanine transaminase, obesity, body mass index, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase,  non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, metabolic disorder, oxidative stress, abnormal fat accumulation, glycogen, global disease burden, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, fatty liver diseases, acute pancreatitis, vascular inflammation and coronary heart disease, cerebral ischemia and brain injury, atherosclerotic vascular disease, myocardial infarction, cancers, disorders of sex development, gonadal dysgenesis, swyer syndrome; frasier syndrome, rhesus factor, antigen; blood pressures, stomach cancer, ovarian cancer, fertility, menstrual cycle, non-pharmacological therapies, late life depression, non-invasive brain stimulation,  ageing, bariatric surgery, roux en-y- gastric bypass, obstructive sleep apnoea, endoscopic intervention, respiratory disorder, summer burns, skin injuries,  maternal health care services, post-natal care, intra-natal care, antenatal care, maternal mortality, uterine prolapse surgery, menopausal women, gynecological surgery, ovarian cysts, persistent pelvic pain, health awareness, chronic disease management, preventive health, infectious disease. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of disease and health.

  • Inflation, Inflation Variability, and Stock Returns: The Inflation Irrelevance Proposition

    This book dwells on a specialized subject matter in corporate and macro finance which is the theoretical and empirical association between inflation, inflation variability, and stock returns. The analysis, while being mainly applied to the experience of the United States of America, covers also the international evidence.  The major intent is to gather statistical proof for the hypothesis of inflation irrelevance. The theoretical underpinning is that a stock price is the present value of its pertinent future cash flows, discounted by an appropriate interest rate. The cash flows and the discount rate can be either in nominal or in real terms, i.e. adjusted for inflation. The only requirement is for the investor to be consistent and to use nominal cash flows with a nominal discount rate, or, alternatively, and equivalently, real cash flows with a real discount rate. Although the major part of the book considers the relation between the inflation rate and market stock prices, inflation variability is examined as well. In this regard, there is a widespread notion that a higher inflation is coupled with more inflation uncertainty. Hence high inflation variability is expected to have an impact on both nominal cash flows and on nominal discount rates. The inflation irrelevance proposition generalizes to an inflation variability irrelevance, which is its corollary.

    The book is strongly applied in nature. As such there is a substantial usage of econometric techniques, and most of the book is devoted to analyze the econometric findings. Bivariate and multivariate models, simple and multiple regressions, panel and system functional forms, single and joint relations, constrained and unconstrained equations, robust least squares, and quantile specifications, dynamic and static methods, and linear and non-linear effects, are all in the contributing menu. Nonetheless and above all, there is a solid and intuitive theoretical framework for stock prices. An additional and related viewpoint that permeates in the book is that a bivariate relation between inflation and stock returns, or inflation variability and stock returns, suffers from an omitted variable bias that produces a spurious result. When the relation is augmented by fundamentals the influence of inflation, and of inflation variability, loses its statistical significance and ultimately is dissipated.

    The book may not be suitable to the general public. To the contrary, the book is designed to appeal to a restricted audience, consisting primarily and basically of graduate and post-graduate students. The book is especially opportune and handy for schools and universities that privilege an applied approach to economics. Even so the book should be accessible to investors, policy-makers, and any other stakeholders who watch the financial market and try to make sense out of it. Presently inflation is a hot item in the economic discourse. And the behavior of stock markets is closely observed by many. Hence the underlying proposition of inflation irrelevance is not only topical but trendy. More people than intended may be interested, especially because the working proposition is simple, easy to understand, and has a broad repercussion on both the macro-economy and the micro-economy.

    The general conclusion from my whole investigation is that inflation and inflation variability are indeed irrelevant and neutral to stock prices. This finding, which is reached by a sound theoretical and empirical approach, has a profound and consequential implication for monetary and financial markets, on one hand, and for the real economy, on the other hand.

  • Advances in Renal Diseases and Dialysis

    As a physician who is interested in research related to kidney diseases, I always felt the need to improve current knowledge and available research in this field. I was fortunate to have met a group of physicians from different parts of the world with a passion for research in medicine and especially in nephrology related aspects. The feeling is amazing to have finally completed the project after several dedicated preparation.

     

    In this book we tried to cover as many key aspects related to the kidney diseases as possible and provide updates regarding the latest research along with pointing deficiencies in certain aspects for future. We aim to continue to contribute to the field of medicine and nephrology in future with interesting topics. We hope this book help to enhance knowledge among learners related to medicine and research.

  • Mixed Flow Pump Impeller Reference Book a Guide to Design, Modelling and Analysis

    In big thermal power plants, mixed flow pumps are commonly utilized for cooling water operations. In mixed flow pump impeller design, meridional streamlines are estimated by dividing the annulus by equal area. Inlet and output blade angles are determined empirically based on speed. Before estimating meridional streamlines, similar coefficients are utilised to decide impeller architecture. With inlet and exit angles set, blade pieces are placed out on stream surfaces. Adjusting the blade portions on the stream surfaces controls the composite blade shape. The above industrial method uses empirical relationships and design constants. The industrial design method ignores what happens in the pump flow tube, making it a poor guide for new pump design and development. The designer has less influence over events in the aforementioned design process. Lack of rational basis hinders manufacturing deficiencies in expected performance.

     

    This book is written to solve the foregoing obstacles, one must create a reasonable basis for impeller design starting from basic principles, minimizing empirical co-relations. Such a design from basic principles gives the creator more control over the outcome of his design while keeping the physical concept in mind and allowing him to correct any pump performance issues. Considering the foregoing, a mixed flow pump impeller is designed utilizing fluid mechanics and turbo-machinery relations. After the impeller design is complete, modelling software is used to draw its 3-Dimensional model, ANSYS analysis software is used to estimate the stress under uniformly distributed and uniformly varying load, and natural frequency is calculated. Simulation of the same is performed to determine the design's acceptability. Last but not least, the artificial neural network method utilized to assess impeller blade results is a superior choice than normal trapezoidal blades.

  • Information Literacy for Undergraduate Physics

    Information is the signal and news conveyed by all human survival activities and natural existence. Information literacy is an essential competence for the contemporary information society. Information literacy played an important role in personal, economic, social and cultural development. It is no longer just a library issue nowadays. Information literacy is now widely recognized as an essential competence for effective participation in the rapidly development information society. An information literate person knows why and how to use information reasonably and legally.

    Information literacy is of keen importance to all students in campus. Since the concept of information literacy first entered the professional discourse in 1970s, learners and librarians have had a lot of discussions about its definition and its influence on the development of professional discourse in the ever-changing information environment. So it will be useful for undergraduates to be able to transfer their information literacy capability to their private life. Acquiring information literacy skills at higher education is required by the fact that lifelong learning has become a must and the information widely used in teaching, learning, training and research activities.

    Information literacy is common to all learning environments, to all disciplines, and to all levels of education. The 21st century puts forward new requirements for students’ education and learning. Technological progresses have changed the environment of learners. The cultivation of undergraduate students' information literacy is a systematic project, which should not and cannot be divorced from the teaching of professional courses. In order to achieve the best goal of information literacy education, educators must realize the organic integration of information literacy education and professional course teaching, that is, implement professional information literacy education. Professional information literacy education is a discipline-based specialized information literacy, which is the premise and foundation of the curriculum system of various majors in higher education.

    This book reviewed the definition of information literacy and information literacy standards in various countries, and combs the evaluation and research of information literacy by scholars from various countries. Based on the theoretical research of information literacy and information literacy education, we designed a questionnaire for undergraduates' information literacy, and grasped the information literacy status of science and engineering students through the questionnaire. Based on the questionnaire survey, the book analyzes the characteristics of information literacy of science and engineering undergraduates and the problems existing in information literacy education. The results demonstrate that the undergraduates’ level of information literacy is on the intermediate. The ability of undergraduates to find, seek, assess and use information effectively is fairly good. The undergraduates know well how to use information ethically and legally. The findings of the study indicated that the total average score of the male undergraduates are much higher than females, and the gender difference had existed in information literacy.

    Information literacy education is the specialized information literacy based on disciplines, and it is the premise and foundation of the curriculum system of each major in higher education. It is a very effective and realistic way to carry out information literacy education in combination with the teaching of specialized courses and cultivate the information literacy of science and engineering majors.

    The undergraduate education of physics is mainly to lay a foundation for professionals engaged in the research and teaching of frontier issues in physics and related disciplines, and also to cultivate compound and comprehensive talents who can apply physics to various fields of technology and society. Based on the teaching of physics undergraduate course, the book expounds how to effectively implement information literacy education in undergraduate physics teaching.

    Information literacy is highly important not only for teachers’ teaching and lifelong learning but also fundamental for their own subject disciplines. Information literacy enables teachers to master content and extend their investigations, become more self-directed, and assume greater control over their own teaching and learning.

    The first chapter of this book is written by Haibin Sun, and the rest of the chapters are written by Tingting Liu.

  • Novel Research Aspects in Mathematical and Computer Science Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of Mathematical and Computer Science. The contributions by the authors include Diophantine equation, Exponential Diophantine equation, Lehmer’s sequence, relative coprime integers, Transient Stability, FACTS, MATLAB, Power World Simulator, Marketplace volatility, CBOE VIX, volatility trading, B-spline, kernel smoothing, natural cubic spline, penalized spline, smoothing spline, trend filtering, Mobile distributed networks, trusted security, distributed caching, routing algorithm, overhead ratio, mobile host, reliable paths, bloom filter, mobile agent, Zero divisor graph, unitary addition Cayley graph, decycling number, acyclic polynomial, Topological spaces, g-closed sets, topology, partition space, Auxiliary attribute, mean square error, Chaos, neimark-sacker bifurcation, period-doubling bifurcations, manifold, and saddle-node bifurcation. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Mathematical and Computer Science.

  • Emerging Issues in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of environment, geography and earth science. The contributions by the authors include turbulent flows, atmosphere boundary layer,  wind velocity, atmospheric stability, uniform momentum zones, uniform momentum zones, atmospheric mechanical magnitudes fluctuate, volcanic activity, colima volcanic complex, trenchward displacement, magma chambers, magnetic modeling, gravimetric modeling, middle america trench, aeromagnetic map, air pollution, climate change,  environmental hazards, wave distribution map, west wind season, earth’s circumference, mathematics abstraction, mitigation, urban agriculture, transdisciplinary approach, green infrastructure, biotope area factor, urban heat island, volatile organic compounds, activated carbon, waste water treatment plants, biodiversity, container terminal, biological diversity,  maelstrom, urban planning,  net zero transition. turbulent Change. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of environment, geography and earth science.

  • Challenges and Advances in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of Pharmaceutical Research. The contributions by the authors include TDF-based regimen, atherogenic lipoprotein indices, dyslipidemia, enteric coating, fluid bed processor, omeprazole magnesium,  metabolite profile, anticancer activity, herbal medicine, cancer, Bilirubin, enzyme, Osteoarthritis, total knee arthroplasty, pregabalin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, visual analog scale, Niosomes, fluconazole,  guar gum, Epilepsy, quinazolinones, seizures, and neurocysticercosis. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Pharmaceutical Research.

  • Research and Applications Towards Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of mathematical and computer science. The contributions by the authors include cage graphs, new algorithmic approach,  graph theory, Heawood graph, Petersen graph, Robertson graph, low volatility, arithmetic average options, geometric average options, volatile stocks, stochastic calculus, lognormal random variables, Geometric Brownian Motion, lognormal distribution, negative pell equation, binary quadratic diophantine equations, computational complexity theory, switching functions, computer-assisted audit tool, binomial series, isolated number, cyclic snake graphs, clifford algebra, spontaneous symmetry breaking, graph decomposition rank,  uniquely bleached ring, natural language processing, text to speech system,  statistical speech synthesis, frequentist approach, Bayesian approach, singular value decomposition, linear regression, modernization cosmological model, combinatorial quantities and principle of parsimony, Gini co-efficient, Lorenz curve, econometry, metric spaces, Thuerey numbers, isomorphic graph, polyomino, Meeples sequence. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of mathematical and computer science.

  • Akabane Test, Theory and Practice of Thermopuncture Diagnostics and Correction

    Almost 20 years have passed since the publication of our first book, “Introduction in Energoskopia of man”. During this period, we have accumulated a large clinical material and experience in developing a system of thermopuncture diagnostics, monitoring and correction of the human body based on new principles, which we invite you to familiarize yourself with in this new book.

    Despite the enormous achievements of modern medicine, there are still many problems in it. Everyone knows the popular saying: "Everything new is a long forgotten old." In this regard, it would be interesting to pay attention to the possibility of diagnosing and treating various diseases from the point of view of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and acupuncture, which has existed for many hundreds of years and has accumulated vast experience in diagnosing and treating many diseases.

    However, the complex concept of TCM and its archaic ancient ideas still hinder the perception of these achievements by Western doctors. In this regard, we tried to build bridges of mutual understanding between Western and Eastern medicine on the basis of a mathematical analysis of information that is understandable to everyone.

    Using the data presented in this book, we have tried to prove that the acupuncture channel system is one of the oldest signaling systems in nature, the significance of which for humans has not yet been fully appreciated. Thus, in our opinion, based on the unique properties of this system in the regulation of the main processes in the body, in combination with modern technologies, it is possible to create many useful methods and devices for monitoring and correcting the body on new physical principles, combining the achievements of Eastern and Western medicine into a single whole.

    In this book, we also tried to draw your attention to the great theoretical and practical importance of assessing symmetry breaking in the body at the level of bioenergetics, especially for the early diagnosis of diseases, which is still little understood by modern medicine. In the assessment of such disorders, acupuncture channels play a leading role, and the technique itself based on the Akabane test is simple and effective, including, for example, for individual assessment of the effects of drugs and various products, which can be important and useful for maintaining optimal life activity for each person. The system for predicting the functional state of the body based on the assessment of biorhythms at the level of individual organs and systems, developed and shown in the book, can also be of great practical importance. The novelty of these solutions is confirmed by 21 patents for inventions.

    The book is based on the results of examinations and databases of several thousand patients with the Akabane test over 30 years of work with these devices. These data lend themselves to mathematical processing and are confirmed by the results of evidence-based medicine studies. I also express my deep gratitude to the mathematician E.V. Vershinina for help in data processing.

    I hope that the information and methodological approach shown in the book will allow you to take a fresh look at a wide variety of diseases and find new alternative ways for their early diagnosis, monitoring and treatment using this simple and effective method of thermopuncture, accessible to everyone.

  • Massive Data Analysis, IoT Perspective

    In today’s modern life style Cloud, Big Data and IoT have become our closest associates. Starting our day with good morning messages with friends and relatives, walking with the step count apps in our mobile phones, smart watches recording our blood pressures and oxygen levels, face book, Google, Online shopping, Digital payments and many more such activities are essential part of our lives. All these activities have one common nature of generating data in bulk and give rise to Big Data.

     

    In last two decades computing has also changed significantly. Starting from the Database Management Systems to Relational dbms, Object Oriented dbms and Object Relational dbms it has come to Big Data now. There is a thin line between the Big Data vs Massive Data Analysis which has been elaborated in this book by the authors. Traditional database systems focus on storage, indexing, and query handling. On the contrary ‘inference from the data’ is the main focus in massive data analysis. In this book the authors have presented a use case on the IoT perspective of massive data analysis.

  • New Trends in Physical Science Research Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of  Physical Science. The contributions by the authors include Satellite, vibro-acoustic responses, Finite element method, statistical energy analysis, Alginate, piezoresponse force microscopy, ferroelectricity, macromolecular self-assembly, free radical, III-V semiconductors, density functional theory, electronic properties,  bowing parameter, Fundamental physics,  kinetic energy, Electromagnetism, viscosity,   acoustic oscillations, colorado beetle, MB doped PVA, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, optical microscopy, PVA hardness, Dislocated quasi B-metric spaces, fixed points,  quadratic contractions, Hand vasodilation, arteriovenous anastomoses, clothing thermal comfort, Magnetic field, faraday effect, optical properties, gaze response speed, Metric-affine gravity, torsion, nonmetricity, topological observables, Time evolution equations, arbitrary initial data, field velocities, pressure kinetic energy, navier–stokes equation, Transformation under complex velocities, cosmology, electrodynamics, space time, maxwell equations, cosmic rays, gamma rays, and relative motion.

    This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  Physical Science.

  • Novel Research Aspects in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical science. The contributions by the authors include electroanatomic mapping systems, radiofrequency catheter ablation, arrhythmias, electrophysiology, cardiac mapping, ventricular tachycardia, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator, idiopathic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, premature ventricular contractions, quinidine therapy,  peripheral blood plasmacytosis, infectious diseases, plasma cell neoplasm,  plasma cell leukemia, multiple myeloma, diffuse plasma cell myelosis, ovarian carcinoma, prognostic marker, epithelial ovarian cancer, immunohistochemistry, poly-adp-ribose-polymerase , anti-angiogenic antibody, c1-c2 fixation methods,  glial cell, bipolar disorder,  astrocytes, bipolar disorder, oligodendrocytes, mood swings, anterolateral minimally invasive surgery, total hip arthroplasty, minimally invasive surgery, hip osteoarthritis, minimally invasive surgery, susceptible-infected-treatment, pancreatic cancer, pancreatic stem cells and lethal cancer. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical science.

  • Current Practice in Medical Science Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of Medical Science. The contributions by the authors include head and neck cancer, radiotherapy, radiation-induced trismus, nursing education, lymph node, novel corona virus, SARS-CoV-2  transmission, contrast-enhanced computerized tomography, contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, choroid plexus, choroid plexus papilloma, Sella turcica bridge, dental anomalies, skeletal malocclusions, manual therapy, rehabilitation medicine, isometric relaxation, cervical myofascial pain, physical therapy, uterine cervix, benign lesion, chronic cervicitis, morbidity, coagulation, fibrinolysis, brain tumor, hemorrhage, neurosurgery, computerized tomography, hyperpigmentation, extra-intestinal manifestation of vitamin B12 deficiency, addisonian pigmentation, apoptosis, metastatic potential, orthodontic management, malocclusion, Head and neck tumor cells, cell proliferation, phosphorylation, apoptosis. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Medical Science.

  • Novel Research Aspects in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical science. The contributions by the authors include cheiloscopy, lip prints, lip analysis, forensic odontology,  dentistry, dna comparison, fingerprints, forensic medicine, klein’s zone, lip score, organ donors, spinal anesthesia, local anesthesia, hernia surgery,  female reproductive system, inguinal hernia, laparoscopic surgery, spontaneous renal artery dissection, computed tomography, flank pain, renin-mediated renovascular hypertension, fibromuscular dysplasia, malignant hypertension, atherosclerosis, marfan syndrome, ehlers-danlos syndrome, subadventitial angioma, polyarteritis nodosa, cystic medial necrosis, antiphospholipid syndrome, trans-cerebellar diameter, gestational age, hepatoprotective activity, blood enzymes glutamic pyruvic transaminase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, histopathological level, herbal medicine, hepatotoxicity, non-fluoroscopic technology, preexcitation syndrome, atrioventricular  node, infertility, ergonomic awareness, covid-19, double gastric perforation, grahams omental patch, peptic ulcer, homocystinuria, metabolism disorder, chronic inflammation, parkinson’s disease, lipopolysaccharide, non-motor dysfunction, neurotoxicity, gelatin nanoparticles, cytotoxic activity, non-syndromic hearing loss, congenital hearing loss, nerve impulses, extreme hyperbilirubinemia, circadian clock gene expression, dopaminergic neurons' vulnerability, neuroinflammation. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical science.

  • Current Topics on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of Chemistry and Biochemistry.  The contributions by the authors include Metabolism, fasting blood glucose, cholesterol, inflammation, oxidative stress, hydrogen water, Carbofuran, dissipation, Perfumery alcohols, inorganic oxidant, kinetics, transition metal ion catalysts, catalytic efficiency, Irwing-William’s stability , metal complexes, reaction mechanism, thermodynamic activation parameters,  pyrrole, oxone, microwave irradiation, N-methylaniline, 1-Bromo-3-methyl-2-butanone, orixiarine, Graphitic carbon nitride , crystal and electronic structures, band structure regulation, photoelectronic devices, tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives, antitumour activity, Purine derivatives, anticancer activity, protein kinase inhibitors, cellular apoptosis, molecular docking, lipase, thermo-tolerance, pH stability, protein characterization,  corrosion,  Electrochemistry, polarization, zinc electrode, Pyrimidine, microwave, uranyl nitrate, antioxidant properties , and antibacterial activity. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Chemistry and Biochemistry.

  • Recent Trends in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of arts and social studies. The contributions by the authors include violence, low Self-esteem, decisiveness, consistency and determination abilities, public morality, public ethics, preventing corruption, police accountability, police corruption, police reform, naturalistic inquiry, sociopolitical system, teaching skills and competences, student autonomy, didactic principles, democracy, graduated process learning, communication system, social network, financial situation, psychological wellbeing, Goffman's theory, contemporary music, polyphony, cognitive emotional regulation, rumination, refocusing on planning, positive reappraisal, catastrophizing, transfer pricing, controlled taxpayer, gross profit markup, segregation, racial diversity,  pairwise segregation index, diversity index, isolation index, multigroup dissimilarity index, Simpson index. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of arts and social studies.

  • Research Highlights in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of Agricultural Sciences. The contributions by the authors include Capsicum  yield, women participation, piggery, Agricultural production, termites attacks, Agricultural losses, treatments, annual growth rate, productivity and trend, Cashew exporters, Garratte ranking method, Standard input output norms, problems of cashew exporters, Brewer’s yeast, germination losses, Mango fruit, harvest maturity, physiological maturity, maturity standards, Tomato supply, long distance transportation, economics of supply,  Yam, health disorders,  Apical meristem, proplastide body, cytoplasmic matrix, Liquid NPK, fertilizer dosage, corn yield , Integrated farming system, profitability, employment generation. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Agricultural Sciences.

  • Fundamental Research and Application of Physical Science Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of physical science. The contributions by the authors include forced harmonic oscillator, quantization, constant of motion, phase-space formulation, irradiation dose, nuclear power plants, solar electrical energy, Gill’s electronic theory of magnetism, acoustic oscillations, Near-zero refractive indices, photonic crystals, anisotropic rectangular lattice, wave collimation, TM wave polarization, TE wave polarization, Zeeman effect, non-Hermitian, quantum mechanics, perturbation theory, contagious magic, magic circle, dowsing, levitation, invisibility, spin supercurrent, spin vortex, vortex-type physical vacuum, Biquaternion, bigradient, biwave equation, electro-gravimagnetic field, electric charge, gravimagnetic charge, current, Maxwell equations, open flow, inlet section, pipe flow, electrophoretic deposition, TiO2/Nb2O5 composite electrode thin films, invisibility cloak, dielectric materials, multi-layer coating, genetic algorithm, modified gravity, accretion disk models, x-ray astrophysics, Einstein’s theory, relativity, thermally stimulated luminescence, radiation defects, IR spectra, thermoluminescent dosimetry. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of physical science.

  • Current Practice in Medical Science Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of Medical Science.  The contributions by the authors include Menopause, malignancy, cervix,  endometrium, Coracoid, coraco-glenoid, morphometry, subcoracoid impingement syndrome, Dentistry,  nursing, skills, cholangiocarcinoma, immunomodulatory activity, B-eudesmol, Multidetector computed tomography, blunt trauma, penetrating trauma, Carotid, dissection, stroke, hutchinson-gilford progeria, Cervical cancer, knowledge, attitude,  Anticancer activity, breast cancer cell, DNA damage, killing tumor cells,   gynecomastia, pathogenesis,  Infectious diseases, kidney diseases, pediatric nephrology, nephronia, renal abscess,  Tibial nerve, common peroneal nerve, sciatica, piriformis syndrome, Cerebral Palsy, physiotherapy, Otogenic tetanus, sevoflurane, labetolol, foreign body, and Unintentional injury. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  Medical Science.

  • Current Perspectives in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of agriculture and food science. The contributions by the authors include antioxidant activity, phytochemicals, radical-scavenging activity, enzymatic browning, irradiation, food processing, horticultural commodities, coffee sherry, biocontrol, lactic acid bacteria, mold growth, detoxification enzymes, neurological and cardiovascular disease, liquid smoke, viscosity, meat-processing technologies, air pollution, heavy metals, rice bran oil, crude oil, bioactive compounds, digestibility, degradability, ruminant production, animal farming, hepatotoxicity, nutraceutical foods, fermented sugarcane juice, grassland, sensory assessment of biscuits, seed beverage, immunomodulatory activities, sexual dysfunction, oxidative stability. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of agriculture and food science.

  • Recent Advances in Properties of ‘Physics/Electrical Engineering’ Materials

    This book entitled “Recent Advances in Properties of ‘Physics/Electrical Engineering’ Materials” by me,  considers advance aspects of conductivity of noble metals, r f dipole-radiation from noble metals, mobility of Ge and Si & Dipole Relaxation Time for Water Molecules all near room temperatures apart from plasma damped oscillations determining charge to mass ratio of an electron and radius of a gas molecule leading to quantum statistical plasma model as well as noise in plasma due to electro-ion collisions in galaxy/ex-galaxy stardust followed by radiation from photosphere of the Sun & photon type radiation by inter-electronic structure of electron in form of my research papers.

    My above Research-Papers in this book are extensions (with minor changes) of previously published Research-Paper in  Peer Reviewed Physics Journal (Open-Access), Public Science Framework, American Institute of Science, Boston, USA during 2015-2016, for which I am thankful to the CC BY-NC license.

    Hope that readers will find my piece of this Research-Work interesting.

  • Current Progress in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical research. The contributions by the authors include coronavirus pandemic, kidney transplantation, severe acute respiratory syndrome, kidney diseases, benign jaw tumors, histomorphology, odontogenic tumours, histomorphology, neoplastic conditions, histogenesis, gynaecology, ventral hernia, non-obese diabetic, autoimmune disease, antiviral vaccines, ascorbic acid, myocardial infarction, low-density lipoprotein, stroke,  hydration, malnutrition, assimilation, metabolism, appetite, absorption, anorexia, root canal irrigants, primary teeth, pulp spaces, hypochlorous acid, gout, inflammatory arthritis, synovial fluid, hyperuricemia, atrial fibrillation, mitochondrial dysfunction, cardiovascular health, cochlear implants, affordability, endothelial cell, human umbilical vein endothelial cells, acetylated low density lipoprotein, atherosclerosis and monocyte chemoattractant protein. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical research.

  • Research Developments in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of Arts and Social Studies. The contributions by the authors include environmental impact analysis, EIA assessment commission, community participation, community perception, community involvement, Mooney problem check list,   psychometric properties, Rasch model, Sexual behaviour, parents-children communications, adolescents, Critical infrastructures, humanitarian sphere standards, refugees, Bapedi people, religio-cultural discourse, ancestor veneration, myths, rituals, Dysthanasia, therapeutic obstinacy, futility, end-of-life care, death education, Ecotourism, community participation, level of awareness, socio-demographic characteristics, Substance abuse, rehabilitation programs, relapse, family support, and  globalization. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Arts and Social Studies.

  • An Overview on Business, Management and Economics Research Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of business, management and economics. The contributions by the authors include oil and gas industry, petroleum downstream sector, sustainable supply chain practices, small and medium sized firms, entrepreneur-controlled businesses, family controlled businesses, research and development intensity, foreign direct investment, firm performance, cross-sectional dependence test, panel cointegration test, fully modified least squares, granger causality test, levin-lin-chu unit root test, free movement of goods, competitiveness, cooperation, generalized method of moments, dynamic panel data, ordinary least squares, generalised least squares, autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity, generalised autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity, augmented dickey fuller,  exchange rate, foreign exchange rate volatility, strategic map, cash flow from the operating activity, vector autoregression, panel var model, cointegration test, levin-lin-chu unit root test, granger causality test, hausman test, wald test, fixed and random effect models, education and training programs, internal communication, energy efficiency practices. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of business, management and economics.

  • Plasmas Afterglows with \(N_2\) for Surface Treatments- Edition 2

    The edition 2022 of the book « Plasmas afterglows with N2 for surface treatments– Edition 2» adds 9 chapters to the previous 9 chapters of the edition 2021.The contents of the present edition recalls the first 9 chapters before the chapters numbered from 10 to 18. Details on Chapters 10 to 17 are given in the present preface.

    Chapter 10 considers the Active species in R(He,Ne,Ar)- molecular gas plasmas. In high pressure He glow discharges, the 3- body reactions of He (23S) metastable atoms and He+ ions with He and N2 are in competition to excite the N2+( B,0) radiative states. With [He+]<1010 cm-3 and [He(23S)] ~ 1012 cm-3 as found in a DC glow discharge, it is estimated that the 3-body reaction He (23S) + He+ N2 was the dominant process. By using the actinometry method with Ar and Ne impurity in N2-H2 DC glow discharge at 5 Torr, it was found in the negative glow of the DC discharge a small increase of all N2 vibrational states and of cathode temperature as a few H2 was introduced into N2. Finally, it is discussed the methods to obtain the plasma gas temperatures from the rotational structures of N2, CN, OH, H2 and O2 radiative states

    Chapter 11 concerns the Plasmas afterglows in N2-O2 discharges. It was found that the variations of N and O-atoms density versus the O2 percent from 1 to 4% into N2 in HF flowing afterglow (at 7 Torr, 0.5 slpm, 150 W) was strongly decreasing for N-atoms from 15 to 2 1014 cm-3 and kept a nearly constant value for O-atoms : 7-9 1014 cm-3, a value higher than the N-atom density in the range 2-10% O2 into N2. In RF afterglows, it was studied the effect of O-atoms and O2 molecules when O2 was introduced before or after the N2 plasma (8 Torr, 1slpm, 100 W). It is concluded to a quenching of N2 active species by O-atoms more effective than with O2 in the early and late afterglows. At N2 atmospheric gas pressure of DBD and Corona plasmas with O2 impurity, it has been detected the N2O1S excimer with a density equal to about 1012 cm-3, largely less than the N and N2(A) densities : (5-7) 1014 cm-3.

    Chapter 12 gives results on the Determination of N and O-atoms, of N2(A) and N2 (X,v>13) metastable molecules and N2+ ion densities in the Ar-N2 afterglows jets of microwave discharges. The N and O atoms, the N2(A) and N2 (X,v>13) metastable molecules and N2+ ion densities are determined after calibration by NO titration for N and O-atoms and measurements of NO and N2 band intensities. For an Ar-xN2 gas mixture with x increasing from 2 to 100% at 4 Torr , 100 Watt and an afterglow time of 3 10-3 s at the 5 liter reactor inlet, it is found densities in the ranges of (2-6) 1014 cm-3 for N- atoms ,one order of magnitude lower for N2(X,v>13) and for O-atoms (coming from air impurity) , of 1010-1011 cm-3 for N2(A) and of 108-109 cm-3 for N2+.

    Chapter 13 is an extension of chap.2, 4, 6 of the 2021 book and of chap.12 of the present book. It gathers the results obtained on the N , H and C-atoms density in flowing afterglows of microwave R/N2-H2 and R/N2-CH4 discharges with R=N2, He, Ar and applications to TiO2 surface nitriding. Variations of N,H and C-atoms density have been determined along the reduced pressure flowing afterglows of microwave R/N2-H2 and R/N2-CH4 discharges with R=N2, He and Ar. Density of H and C-atoms and other nitrogen active species such as N2(A), N2(X,v>13), N2+,NH, N(2D) , CN were obtained from that of N-atoms ,between early and late afterglows. In addition, it has been obtained the density of O-atoms and NO molecules coming from air impurity. It has been deduced the wall destruction probability of H, O and C-atoms on the quartz afterglow tube: yHR,N2 = (1-3) 10-3, yOR,N2 =(0.4-1) 10-3 and yCN2 =(0.7) 10-3. The effects of H and C –atoms on N-atoms inclusion inside TiO2 surfaces are reported.

    Chapter 14 is devoted to the Radial distributions of active species in plasmas and afterglows. The radial distributions of plasma and afterglow radiative species has been first analysed with an optical fiber of 1mm dia. giving a detected light resolution of about 1 cm at a 10 cm distance to record he N2 long time afterglow (LA-10-2 s) in a large volume reactor (5 liters). At pressure of 6-8 Torr, flow rate 0.5-1 slpm, the LA-10-2 s was a jet of dia. 2 cm with densities of N-atoms and N2(X>13) metastable molecules of 1015 and 5 1014 cm-3, respectively. By putting a horizontal slit of 50

    in front of the dia.1 mm optical fiber, a light beam of 1 mm dia. was detected across an afterglow tube of 2 cm dia. In a N2 RF plasma at 8 Torr, 1 slpm, 100 W. Bessel and flat profiles were recorded in the pink and late afterglows depending on full or partial destructions of radiative species on the tube wall. A 1 mm radial profile was also obtained with a collimator set at the tip of a 1 mm optical fiber and moved across the axis of a surface wave (SW) Ar plasma of 2 cm dia. at 600 MHz, 0.1 Torr, 2W. The radial profiles of Ar metastable atoms which are produced by high energy electrons near the tube wall and destroyed by low energy electrons in the tube volume have allowed to determine an electron metastable excitation CM = (1-5)10-11cm3s-1 and de-excitation CM= (1-3)10-7cm3s-1 rates . A 3D spatial distribution of the intensity of the optical thin ArI549.6 nm line was measured in DC and SW plasma columns of 2 cm dia. at 150 mTorr.. Bessel-type radial distributions were found in the Ar DC positive column and more rounded profiles in the Ar SW plasmas at 600-900 MHz, with hollow shapes at the plasma end.

    Chapter 15 reports the results on Time varying plasmas and afterglows for surface treatments. Time varying discharges and afterglows have been studied in Ar, He and N2 gases for several types of discharge structures (DC , RF , DBD , magnetron) at different gas pressures from a few 10-3 Torr to the atmospheric gas pressure. In DC and RF plasmas, it has been discussed the effects of reactions in long time (10-3 s ) and short time (10-6 s ) afterglows between metastable ( N2,A) molecules in the excitation of N2(C,v=1) and between metastable (ArM) atoms in the excitations of Ar high radiative levels. In He DBD plasmas at atmospheric gas pressure, the OH(A) radiative emissions resulted from 3 body collisions with He+ ions and HeM metastable atoms on H2O in impurity. N2(A) were at the origin of NO* , N2O* emissions in air impurity. Strong emissions of Ti + and O - atoms (when O2 was added to Ar) in short time (10-6 srange), low Ar pressure (10-3 Torr) pulsed DC magnetron plasmas were associated to hard TiO2 coatings.

    Chapter 16 brings results on Remote plasmas CVD and Reactive sputtering in magnetron plasmas to the determination of B-atoms and Ce-atoms absolute densities. The B-atoms density were obtained in a remote CVD Ar-BCl3 microwave plasma. At the Ar-l.5% BCl3 plasma end, the B-atom density nearly reach 10 15 cm 3, which corresponds to a BCl3 dissociation degree of about 30%. It was observed the reactions of B-atoms on O2 desorbing from the tube wall after B-atoms collisions.

    The resonant absorption was applied to Ce – atoms produced in a DC magnetron sputtering of a Ce cathode. In pure Ar plasmas, the Ce density was 1.5 108 cm-3. By introducing O2 in the Ar plasma, it was observed an hysteresis effect of Ce density following the plasma voltage.

    Chapter 17 is devoted to Treatment of textiles in plasma afterglow, in N2 and O2 microwave afterglows where the N and O-atoms are the dominant active species. The hydrophilicity of the wool (a chosen hair sample) was found to change from hydrophobic to hydrophilic states after 2 minutes of N2 afterglow treatment at 4 Torr, 1 slpm, 100 Watt. It has been observed a colour change from white to magenta of a textile blended with a cupper wire after a N2 and O2 afterglow treatment for 40 minutes. The whool treatment has conduced to a sensitive shrinkage lowering.

    Chapter18 revisites the kinetic processes allowing to determine the N-atom density in high Ar-N2 gas pressure microwave afterglow. First, it is observed that pure pink afterglows are mainly obtained at high pressures up to atmospheric gas pressure. Second, it is discussed on the uncertainty of the k- rate coefficiant in the range k=10-11 - 10-12 cm3s-1 for the reaction N2,X(v>13) + N2(A) N2(B,v)+ N2 An enhancement of the N2(B,v’=8) / N2(B,11) density ratio is observed up to the atmospheric gas pressure. It was interpreted by a reduction of the quenching of the N2(B,v’=8) states by Ar. 

    Values of the N+N recombination rates on the N2(B,11) states were determined when the N+N part was clearly established, that is aN+N > 0.1. It was found that kN11 increased by about 3 from pure N2 to Ar-(20-33%)N2, contrary to the case of pure late afterglow at low gas pressure (8 Torr) where they decreased by about the same factor.

  • Novel Aspects on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of chemistry and biochemistry. The contributions by the authors include dna binding, viscosity measurement, antimicrobial activity, antimitotic tubulin polymerization, anticonvulsive activities, phytochemical composition, antioxidant activity, antibacterial activity, anti-biofilm activity, uv-spectrophotometry, metabolic pathways, chemotherapeutic drugs, intracellular complexes, magnesium stock solution, titanium stock solution, inorganic inhibitor, quarry dust, accelerated corrosion, voltage-gated sodium channels, electrophysiology, neurobiology, transcriptomes, proteomes, benzimidazoles, quinazolines, pyrrolopyrimidines, heterocyclic compounds, cytotoxicity, anticholinesterase activity, chemopreventive activity, anti-inflammatory activity,  therapeutic drug, pharmacokinetic predictions. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of chemistry and biochemistry.

  • New Trends in Physical Science Research Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of Physical Science.  The contributions by the authors include Intermetallic compounds, density functional theory, ductility, electronic structure, Absolute reference system, electromagnetic mass, transverse Doppler effect, kinetic energy , accelerated electrons, Particle mechanics, field theory, quantum electrodynamics, quantum mechanics, particle dynamics,  stimulated Brillouin scattering, deoxyribonucleic acid: Infrared radiation, surface plasmon resonance, White light emission,  color coordinates, color temperature, oxide glasses, fluoride materials, laser induced fluorescence, europium, terbium, dysprosium, samarium ions, lanthanum fluoride, calcium fluoride, Encryption-decryption technology, radical prime bases, goldbach’s conjecture, fermat’s last theorem,  X-ray powder diffraction,  glass transition temperature, optical band gap, Hydrogen Peroxide Sensors, respiratory diseases, biomarkers, and lung cancer. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Physical Science.

  • Research and Developments in Engineering Research Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of engineering research. The contributions by the authors include automotive industry, optical systems, data acquisition system, 3d scanning, pharmaceutical industry, active pharmaceutical ingredients, spray drying, finite element method, food and drug administration, polymeric matrix, computational fluid dynamics, cyclone size, reverse osmosis, cement mortar, compressive strength, flexural strength, construction industry, anaerobic digestion, energy recovery, waste management, power system stability, power system stabilizers, fuzzy logic control system, conventional power system stabilizer, conventional concrete, mechanical properties, ultra-high performance fiber concrete, supplementary cementitious material, fibre reinforced polymer, glass fiber-reinforced polymer, polymer matrix, carbon fibres, grid ditching, three- dimensional electrochemical etching,  porous si films, mitigation method, power quality, harmonics, dispersed generation, radial distribution network, branch current decomposition,  power summation algorithm, optimization principles, optimal allocation, z-bus technique, branch current decomposition method, stochastic-heap hybrid optimizer, maximum power point tracking, dc-dc converter optimization, stochastic paint optimizer. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of engineering research.

  • Current Overview on Disease and Health Research Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of Disease and Health Research. The contributions by the authors include Poland Syndrome, syndactyly, etiopathogenesis, hypoplasia, Dental erosion, diabetes mellitus, oral cavity,  Osteoporosis, bone densitometry, Coronary artery anomaly, sudden cardiac death, sudden cardiac arrest, AT mega 16 microcontroller, Radiation, chromosomal aberration, cytochalasin-B blocked micronuclei, sister chromatid exchange, mitomycin C, antimutagenic, apigenin, Acute myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, immunoglobulin E, immunoglobulin G, Therapeutic monitoring, plasminogen activator receptor, plasminogen activator, Hepatitis B virus, aflatoxin B1, liver disease,  vitamin D3, immunomodulation, immunotherapy, Antibiotics susceptibility, uropathogen, and urinary tract infections. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Disease and Health Research.

  • Current Progress in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical research. The contributions by the authors include arterial aneurysms, circulating biomarkers, plasma fibrinogen, abdominal aortic aneurysms, atherosclerosis, noncommunicable diseases, polypharmacy, co-morbidity, geriatrics, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, post-partum hemorrhage, utero-cervical junction, placenta accreta spectrum, bladder paragangliomas, tumours, genitourinary tract, neurofibromatosis, multiple endocrine neoplasia, colon cancer, liver metastases, colonoscopy, malignant neoplasm, adenocarcinoma,  neuropathy, paraneoplastic neurologic syndrome, neuroplasticity, inferior gluteus folds, lumbar flexion, myofacial release, breast cancer, chemotherapy, mild-moderate acute respiratory syndrome, tooth wear, abfraction, t-cell oncogenesis, pancreatic duct fluid culture, fibro-inflammatory disorders, chronic pancreatitis, endocrine pancreatic insufficiency. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical research.

  • Coordinated Control Strategy for Multimachine Power System to Enhance Dynamic Stability

    Presently, the Electrical Power Systems (EPS) are overloaded, due to its expansion of long transmission lines, new lines and over burden, etc. For this cause, even though for small disturbances, the oscillations in the generator are rise exponentially and the system does not comes to dynamic stable state, particularly during heavy load periods. If this problem is not resolved properly, it may cause instability. Damping of these oscillations can be enhanced by placing suitable controllers to the system. This book is aimed at exploring the issue of dynamic stability problem in Single Machine Infinite Bus (SMIB) power systems and its mitigation applying power system controllers.

    The conventional methods to mitigate these problems are to add additional signals to the generator exciter and compensate the fluctuations of power flow through transmission network. Power System Stabilizer (PSS) and Series Vectorial Compensator (SVeC) Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) device have remarkable capability to perform these tasks. The objective of this book is to present a detailed study, simulation and analysis of the dynamic stability problem, and its mitigation by applying PSS and SVeC FACTS controller. The simulation results have been presented employing eigenvalue and time domain analysis in MATLAB.

    The book started with fundamental discussions on dynamic stability problems and their common features. The modelling of PSS and SVeC FACTS controller, and their installation in SMIB power system, is the major thrust area of this book. The performance of the SVeC over PSS has been shown in face of commonly occurring power system disturbances.

    The salient features of this book are : (i) Overview and literature survey (ii) Mathematical derivation of multimachine two-axis model, model of supplementary damping controllers for PSS and SVeC FACTS device for evaluation of system matrix and eigenvalue, Multimachine model with PSS and coordinated control of SVeC with FACTS device, in order to mitigate small signal stability problem (iii) State Feedback Controller based on quadratic concept  to the Coordinated Control of SVeC with PSS to damp oscillations in a test system(iv) Nonlinear State Feedback Controller based on sliding mode concept  to the Coordinated Control of SVeC with PSS to damp oscillations in a test system.

    The contents of this book will be useful for all levels of students (UG, PG) and professors of Electrical Engineering for the study and analysis of power system small signal stability problem and its control in particular will be a ready reference for post graduate and doctoral students in Electrical and allied branches of Engineering. This book will also be a good resource for the practicing engineers, research scholars, or fellows of power system.

  • Fundamental Research and Application of Physical Science Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of physical Science. The contributions by the authors include solar transient observations, spacecraft trajectories, coronal mass ejection, invariant manifolds, space weather, solar and heliospheric observatory, heliosphere, interplanetary magnetic field, spacecraft, turbulent flow, laminar flow, thermal efficiency, swirling flow, swirling gas jet, inflationary models,  big bang models, tensor-to-scalar ratio, fundamental physics, particle physics, coulomb’s law, infinite mass, speed of light, Einstein’s correction, Newton's equations of motion, electromagnetism, Planck constant, fine structure constant, Rydberg constant, Bohr magneton, vortex shedding modes, rotation-oscillation, fluid dynamics, heat transfer, three-dimensional turbulent flow, better portable graphics, optimal operation point, sensors acquire, mean square error, peak signal-to-noise ratio. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of physical Science.

  • Research Aspects in Biological Science Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of Biological Science. The contributions by the authors include Tribal people, conservation, bio-diversity, Human-wildlife conflicts, Body mass index, abdominal skin fold thickness, suprailiac skin fold thickness, triceps skin fold thickness, Electrofishing, chromosomal aberration, Groundwater storage, aquifer, global land data assimilation system, agricultural production, In vitro fertilization, immune stimulation, sperm, seminal fluid, nodal segment culture, direct and indirect organogenesis , plantlet regeneration, Cell suspensions, cotton, embryogenic structures, esterase isoenzyme, Cell suspension,  somatic embryogenesis, and  trans-resveratrol. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Biological Science.

  • Electrical Component Measurement, Mechanics and Optics in Fundamental Physics-Laboratory Manual - Volume I

  • Technological Innovation in Engineering Research Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of Engineering Research. The contributions by the authors include Adhesive joints, structural adhesive, strength prediction, analytical method, Finite elements, cohesive zone models, hybrid joints: scarf joints, structural adhesive, finite elements, cohesive zone model, Combustion cycle, air-fuel ratio, direct injection, knock limit, thermal efficiency,  piconet, trespasser,  fly ash, superplasticizer, condensed silica, nano silica, water-binder ratio, GTA welds, FS welds, ballistic resistance, galvanic cell, insulation paths, CMOS logic, low power CMOS, pass transistors, skew gates, transmission gate, Urbanization rate, integrated infrastructure, sustainable housing, Unreinforced masonry, strengthened masonry panels, textile-reinforced mortar, and composite anchors. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Engineering Research.

  • Novel Aspects on Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of pharmaceutical research. The contributions by the authors include polymers, hydrophilic formulation, medication reconciliation, patient counseling, transition of care, gastroenterology, synergistic effect, antibiotic resistance, medicinal plants, penicillin G, microbial sensitivity tests, drug combinations, antifungal activity, antimicrobial activity, brain heart infusion, mannich bases, herbal medicines, diabetes, anti-anxiety effects, generalized anxiety disorder, mental disorders, major depressive disorder, cognitive dysfunction, nano drugs, nano formulations, nano carriers, Biodegradable and non-biodegradable wastes, viscocity builders pyranoxanthones, antibiotics, bioequivalence, therapeutic activity, circadian rhythms, chronotherapy, pulsatile drug delivery, biological clock. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of pharmaceutical research.

  • Pediatric Acute Care – A Practical Book

    This practical book dealt with pediatric acute care in patients. As part of pediatric acute care, a pediatrician focuses on treating infants, young children and teenagers. This guide book useful for Interprofessional practice to pediatric acute care as it exemplifies the depth and diversity that’s needed for the dynamic healthcare environments in which acutely ill children receive care. The goal is to help the patient recover, so they can go on to enjoy a healthy life. This type of care covers a broad range of conditions and treatments. For both illnesses and injuries, this includes keeping patients pain-free and providing rehabilitation and support to the child and their parents.

  • Characterisation of Semigroups and Rings

    This book is written for the students who wants to study the properties of Semi Groups & Rings. I am thankful to Hon. Chairman Sri K.V.V. Satyanarayana Raju, Hon. Vice Chairman Sri K. Sasikiran Varma, Director Dr. P.S. Raju, Principal and Head of the Department for their Extanded Copperation with the blessings of My Mother Srimathi.Venakta Ramananna and My Father Late. Suryanarayana Murthy, I Prepared This Book.

  • Current Research in Language, Literature and Education Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of Language, Literature and Education. The contributions by the authors include privilege, ownership, leadership, constitution,  managerial skills, Pragmatic deviations, paranoid schizophrenia, environmental factors, societal factors, family history, medical strategies, stress, language proficiency, singles counseling theory, Systemic complexity, managerial practices, quality education, performance assessment, teaching services, basic science Education,  problem-solving, and practical experience. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Language, Literature and Education.

  • Research Highlights in Science and Technology Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of Science and Technology. The contributions by the authors include autocratic administrative style, laissez-faire administrative style, smart hospitals, proactive care management, patient satisfaction, data monitoring, network topology, operational technology, network connectivity, edge computing, commercial off-the-shelf, finite element method, principal stress vector, computer-aided manufacturing, computed tomography, electrocardiogram, obstructive sleep apnea, polysomnography,  toroidal topology, ring torus, toroidal -ary grid, de bruijn shape, electronic speckle pattern interferometer, adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, industrial revolution, cyber-physical systems, digital twins, laissez-faire administrator, intelligent internet of things and principals’ leadership. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians, in the field of Science and Technology.

  • Current Overview on Science and Technology Research Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of Science and Technology. The contributions by the authors include waste plastics, environmental pollution, thermal pyrolysis, pyrolysis factors, Ingestible sensors, contact sensors, implantable glucose,  devaney chaos, shift of finite type, Medical device, cybersecurity, artificial intelligence, Call back technique, International Mobile Equipment Identity, one-time password, security, Geographic Information System, morphometric-analysis, remote sensing, watershed, solar dryer, vitamins, proteins, minerals, Circle geometry, Model-View-Presenter, Java, Bonded joint, finite element analysis, cohesive zone models, mixed-mode fracture, fracture envelope, Epoxy, polyurethane, finite element analysis, fracture mechanics, cohesive zone models, Airspace, linear optimization, graph theory, dijkstra algorithm, performance-based navigation,  and conventional navigation. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Science and Technology.

  • Novel Perspectives of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences. The contributions by the authors include climate crisis, civilization, military-industrial complex, global warming,  forest management, soil fertility, climate regulation, ecosystem, complex ecological systems, tropical evergreen forests, climate change,  geological times, volcanic vents, gold mining, abandoned mines, mine waste dumps, heavy metal pollution, abiotic hydrocarbons, environmentally viable energy, volcanic uplift, environmental crimes, wind energy map, environmental poison, fossil fuel, colonialism, climate-industrial complex, hydrothermal system, methane-fumarate cycle, environment protection activity, remote sensing, global phenomenon, precision agriculture, geomorphological parameter, spatial information system and volcanic rocks. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians, in the field of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences.

  • Novel Research Aspects in Mathematical and Computer Science Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of Mathematical and Computer Science. The contributions by the authors include Risk measures, Backtesting, weighted distribution, normal mixture, EM-algorithm, Log-Logistic distribution, parathyroid hormone, fuzzy reliability function, Smart cities, remote health systems, IoT cloud integration, IoT security, Convection-diffusion equation, control volume method, moved node. richardson extrapolation, difference scheme, peclet number, Quadrilateral snake graphs, triangular snake graph, independent domination, path coefficient, Authentic assessment, students’ mathematical problem solving, Markov model, land transportation, expectation-maximization, EM algorithm, Bayesian regression, gaussian process, maximum likelihood, Random matrix theory, Wigner’s law, multivariate distribution, superheat map, eigenvalue distribution, Linear regression model, and triangular decomposition. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Mathematical and Computer Science.

  • Advanced Research in Biological Science Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of Biological Science. The contributions by the authors include nutrients, vitamins, dietary fibres, carbohydrates, proteins, crude fibre, heart diseases, cancer, foliar disease, citric acid, fatty acids, fermented dairy products, probiotic products, lactose malabsorption, digestive symptoms,  bloodstream, pasteurization, microalgae, aquaculture, zooplankton, amino acids, photobioreactors, heat-treatment, spectroscopy, genetic diversity, mitochondrial rRNA markers, rhodopsin gene, polymerase chain reaction, Analysis of molecular variance, oogenesis, kiss receptors and gonadotropins. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians, in the field of Biological Science.

  • Progress in Chemical Science Research Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of Chemical Science. The contributions by the authors include Carbon, graphene oxide, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, Raman Spectroscopy, Internal harmonized analytical method, ractopamine, high-performance liquid chromatography, organic solvent-free, centrifugal monolithic silica spin mini- column, nanosized radiopaque contrast agents, RE tantalates, silicates,germinates, gadolinium oxide, Holmium, \(\beta\)-cyclodextrin, hydrolysis, spectrophotometric, potentiometric, effect of chloride ions, Herbicides, s-triazines, degradation products, solid-phase extraction, natural surface waters, ruggedness evaluation, amyloid degrading enzyme, neprilysin, insulin degrading enzyme, asparagine endopeptidase, Energy of activation, depolymerization, kinetics, free energy of activation, Poly boron, heavy concrete, Transesterification, triglyceride, jatropha oil, and alkali catalyst. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Chemical Science.

     

  • Advanced Research in Biological Science Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of biological Science. The contributions by the authors include kisspeptin 2,  pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide, microsatellite DNA markers, forelimb, polymorphism, evolutionary biology, histopathology, acid fast staining, zoogeographic affinities, ecosystem, random amplified polymorphic DNA, conserved DNA-derived polymorphism,  morphometry,  pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle, wing bones, protein oscillations, entropy, cell division, multicellular organisms, eukaryotic cells, glycolytic oscillations, glycolytic oscillations, molecular diversity, tissue culture, cancer, amorphous water, development of life, cryotomography applications, johne’s disease, population genetics, pulsed electric field, enzyme assisted extraction, mutations, eye color, blood type, kiss receptors, brain-pituitary-gonadal axis and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of biological Science.

  • Medico – Legal Practical Manual for Compulsory Rotatory Residential Internship

    This Medico – Legal Practical Manual for CRRI is designed to provide detailed knowledge to the CRRI’s / Interns as a practical guide in filling up the forms that are used in the field of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology (FMT) with particular reference to India.

    This Medico – Legal Practical Manual has been developed with an objective to train and assess interns during the one week mandatory Forensic Medicine and Toxicology (FMT) posting to meet the goals set by National Medical Council (NMC) for an Indian Medical Graduate / Foreign Medical Graduate. I hope the Interns will find it helpful while dealing with any Medico – Legal Case (MLC) during his / her practice. This manual will be very useful to all the interns in future to work in any Government or Private Sectors.

    It gives me immense pleasure to express my heartfelt gratitude and sincere thanks to my respected Professor and Head of Department Dr. SATISH KUMAR M.D., Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Puducherry, for his expert advice regarding this Medico – Legal Practical Manual.

    Last but not the least; I would also like to thank Amal Raj M. for being the backbone of all my efforts in all times & particularly during this practical manual preparation and true leading light of my life.

  • Current Progress in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical research. The contributions by the authors include catheter-related infections, extracorporeal detoxification methods, high costs of infections, subclavian vein, internal jugular vein, antibiotic therapy, primary amenorrhoea, turner syndrome, cytogenetic evaluation, chromosomal aberrations, hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian, gonadotropin-releasing hormone, hypothalamic dysfunction, isochromosome, anterior radiculomedullary artery, negative pressure wound therapy, foix-alajouanine syndrome, spinal MR angiography, anterior spinal artery, adamkiewicz artery, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, ovarian cyst,  brainstem auditory evoked potential test, ovarian torsion, haemorrhagic infarction, arterial thrombosis, nonrhabdmyosarcoma soft tissue sarcomas, pediatric soft tissue sarcoma, crush syndrome, Sars CoV 2 and Real-time polymerase chain reaction. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians, in the field of medicine and medical research.

  • Epidemiology, Epidemic Cost and Management of Cape Saint Paul Wilt of Coconut in Ghana

    Few plants are as versatile as the coconut palm. Every part of the coconut palm; from the roots to the fronds and the many value-added products from them is useful to man [Ohler, 1999]. The coconut palm is a source of food and drink, folk medicine, receptacles, fibres braided into rope, frond roofs, and even fuel for cooking to millions of small holders. (Fig. 1) [Ohler, 1999]. The economic life span is estimated at 50 years, but the coconut palm can live for more than a century! [Bourdeix et al., 2005].

    Globally, the coconut palm is economically important as a source of fats and oils and numerous industrial products. As far back as 1914, the coconut palm was the world’s leading source of vegetable oil, in terms of production volume and international trade.

    In Ghana, an estimated 5.35% of Ghana’s population (estimated at 30.8 million in 2021) depends on coconut for their livelihood. The coconut palm is cultivated both as cash crop and as food crop. Its cultivation, processing and marketing offers employment to disadvantaged groups such as the landless poor, street children and rural women.

    But Cape Saint Paul Wilt (CSPW), a lethal yellowing-type phytoplasmal disease has destroyed thousands of hectares of coconut plantations in the main coconut producing regions of Ghana namely, Western, Central, and Volta Regions. The disease can cause 100% crop losses if appropriate containment strategies are not implemented timeously. Typically, if infected, a one-hectare coconut farm (160 coconut palms) can die out within two years of manifestation of first disease symptoms, if no control measures are carried out. The capacity of the disease to decimate coconut populations in active disease foci threatens the coconut industry rehabilitation programmes in Ghana.

    Hence, it is important to estimate crop losses from CSPW epidemic, quantify the losses in monetary value and determine the economic significance of crop losses from CSPW epidemics, to make a stronger case for the timely control of the disease in Ghana.

    Control of diseases and pests of crops is critically important to increasing crop yields in agriculture. This is usually accomplished through elimination of the pathogen/pest or minimizing its effects on target crops by physical, chemical, biological and cultural means. Ideal disease control method of a high-value crop such as cocomut, must be efficacious, environmentally-save (minimum risk to the target crop, the farmer, and the environment, at and after production), easy to deploy and above all, affordable.

    The modern approach to crop disease control is the integrated management of disease. Integrated disease management (IDM) relies on determination of the economic damage threshold (action threshold) and economic injury levels of a crop disease at which control measures should be initiated. The economic damage threshold is based on the economic ratio of benefit-to-cost. That is, the projected loss from a crop disease must be greater tha n the cost of containment measures, to justify control interventions.

    The economic damage threshold approach to CSPW containment has proven largely unreliable in Ghana. Because, unlike insect pest infestation, where pest population or damage level can be monitored and controlled when the economic damage threshold is reached, CSPW is a vascular wilt, where symptoms represent advanced or terminal infestation. So, by the time control treatment is initiated based only on the appearance of disease symptoms, the irreversible economic damage has already occured.

    Cape Saint Paul Wilt epidemic has a significant economic cost on coconut cultivation and yield in Ghana. But the economic cost of CSPW on coconut yield is lesser in hybrid coconuts, accentuating the knowledge that hybrid coconuts are less susceptible to the CSPW epidemic than the pure lines. This affirms Cape Saint Paul Wilt of coconut as an economic disease that must be contained, if not eradicated, through deliberate interventionist strategies such as aggressive scientific research,especially breeding research to maintain the profitability of coconut cultivation and its competitive position on the vegetable oils market.

    This book is a two-fold compilation of the results of nearly 80 years of Cape Saint Paul Wilt of coconut research in Ghana. The first part details the major past scientific research interventions and achievements since the incetption of the CSPW epidemic in 1932; objectively evaluates current research efforts at containing the CSPW menace, and finally, makes an informed proposition on the future course of CSPW of coconut research in Ghana. The second part empirically demonstrates the economic cost of CSPW epidemic on coconut cultivation and yield in Ghana, using robust econometric models and statistical analytic tools.

    My hope is to enhance global awareness of the economic importance of the coconut palm, eliminate farmer apathy in the commercial cultivation of coconut palm caused by CSPW epidemic, and ressucitate greater global funding for coconut research to revive the interest of scientists in coconut research. It is also my expectation that findings in this important book will constitute a strong basis to compel a comprehensive integrated management of Cape Saint Paul Wilt of coconut epidemic in Ghana, and beyond.

  • Current Innovations in Disease and Health Research Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of Disease and Health Research. The contributions by the authors include bovine babesiosis, Protozoan,  parasites, anaemia, depression, anorexia, dehydration, hemoglobinuria, epidemiology, indirect fluorescent antibody test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunochromatography test, cancer chemotherapy, cholangiocarcinoma, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, hilar tumours,  COVID-19, fecal microbiota transplantation, autoimmune diseases, neurological diseases, clostridium difficile infection, ebola virus disease, lassa fever, marburg fever, zika virus, middle east respiratory syndrome, psychometric scale, mental health, posttraumatic scar, persistent infection, malignant tumours, human oncogenic RNA viruses, human T-cell lymphotropic virus – 1 and hepatitis C virus. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians, in the field of Disease and Health Research.

  • Current Aspects in Business, Economics and Finance Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of Business, Economics and Finance. The contributions by the authors include Conflict management,  amnesty programme, COVID-19 pandemic,  liquidity, media consumption, External business environment, product market, corporate social responsibility, analytical modelling, CEO centric effect, agency theory, Economic growth, Customer Relation Management, Small-medium enterprises , Technology-organization-environment CRM Adoption, Unbundling,  open banking, innovation, business ecosystem,  contextual banking, embedded finance, Health CPI, unemployment, health emergencies, and Medical intensive. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Business, Economics and Finance.

  • Novel Aspects on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of chemistry and biochemistry. The contributions by the authors include Leuckart-type reaction, synthesis of amines, catalytic and noncatalytic reaction, Leuckart method, nitrogen heterocycles, organocatalyst, dihydropyrano pyrazole derivatives, one-pot multicomponent reaction, biomolecules, imaging modalities, receptor proteins, aurora kinase, fluorescence investigations, stem cell transplantation, chemical vapor deposition, heavy metals, pollution indices, scrap metal, health hazards, geometric structure, electronic characteristics, vibration frequencies, thermodynamic properties, DFT calculation, cytosolic enzyme, atherosclerotic vascular disease, chiral amino alcohol complexes, D-amino alcohol ligands, crystal structures, cytotoxic effects. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of chemistry and biochemistry.

  • Current Overview on Science and Technology Research Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of Science and Technology.  The contributions by the authors include Open angle glaucoma, brain derived neurotrophic factor, gene polymorphism, Adenovirus, respiratory infection, procalcitonin, c-reactive protein, antibiotics, Fractal, Coefficient of performance, darrieus turbine, double streamtube model, Vertical Axis Wind Turbine, Economic recoveries, economic cooperation, vector normalization, Monthly streamflow, darma model, sarima model, stochastic model, Exponential growth, Big Data, bottleneck situations, Mobile phone banking services, demographic variables, regression analysis, Adhesive joints, tubular adhesive joints, scarf joints, finite element method, cohesive zone models, Structural adhesives, finite elements, numerical simulation, and single-lap joints. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Science and Technology.

  • Research and Applications Towards Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of mathematical and computer science. The contributions by the authors include polygonal number, divisibility, semi-Markov processes, multi-state model, comorbid illnesses, sojourn times, Internet of things, medication, CUSUM model, learning model, learning curves, security tool, Radio Frequency Identification, ubiquitous computing, smart visual display unit, acute community intervention, dialectical behaviour therapy, existence-uniqueness, variable order fractional calculus, contraction operator,  fixed point, fundamental solution, functional differential equation, kernel matrix, Borel measures, characteristic matrix, loop-digraph, holomorphic function, dirichlet problems, Schwarz's formula, twin machine learning algorithm, extreme learning machine, support vector machine, random vector functional link, fuzzy interest rate, continuous time fuzzy stochastic processes, three-period fuzzy binomial tree model, distributive lattice, Quasi Heyting ADL, algebraic structures. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of mathematical and computer science.

  • Current Overview on Disease and Health Research Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of Disease and Health Research. The contributions by the authors include musculoskeletal disorders, Cosmetologists, hydrotherapy, pigmentation, reflexology, sexual arousal, sexual performance, emotional outcomes, sexual desire, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, caloric restriction, high-density lipoprotein, invasive ductal carcinoma, lymph node metastases, Cerebral palsy, hemiplegia, intellectual disability, motor disorders, exfoliative toxins, toxic shock syndrome, MRSA strains, antimicrobial susceptibility, genes encoding, coronovirus, gender discrimination, vaccination. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Disease and Health Research.

  • Research and Developments in Engineering Research Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of engineering research. The contributions by the authors include flexural strength, ferrocement technology, slag sand, iron ore tailings, Ribbed slab, reinforced concrete, structural optimization, Surfactant flooding, hard brine solution, microemulsions, interfacial tension, solar PV applications, Binary integer linear programming, Phasor Measurement Units, optimal PMU placement, maximum redundancy, communication line, Wide Area Monitoring and Control, flame stabilization, D-optimal design, computational fluid dynamics, Grooved tube, friction factor, Nusselt number, Reynolds number, heat exchanger, dielectric constant, electromagnetic band gap, multiband applications, cohesive zone models, structural adhesive, tubular joints, torsional load, soft robotics, finite element analyses. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of engineering research.

  • Current Practice in Medical Science Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of Medical Science.  The contributions by the authors include Exclusive breast-feeding, mother-to-child transmission, infant mortality, Menstrual hygiene,  Intratesticular, embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, Acute myeloid leukemia, myeloid sarcoma , granulocytic sarcoma, Breast cancer, lung cancer, methyl-donors, apoptosis, complementary therapy, Ultrasound, pancreatitis,  Meniscal injury, menisectomy, meniscal repair, knee pain, Migraine, neuralgia, headache, Dentistry, health profession, emergency medicine,  clinical practice guide, COVID-19,  Thyroidectomy, laryngeal nerve injury,  vocal cord injuries, Acromegaly, growth hormone, pituitary adenoma, Insulin-like Growth Factor-I, psychiatric disorders, and schizophrenia. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Medical Science.

  • Research Highlights in Science and Technology Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of Science and Technology. The contributions by the authors include packet redundancy elimination, locality sensitive hashing, data-centric storage, fingerprinting, duplicity deletion algorithm, support vector machine, traffic redundancy elimination, activated carbon, cocoa pod shells, millimeter-wave frequency ranges, satellite communications, low noise amplifier, pharmaceutical industry, microbial fuel cells, kinetic parameters, petroleum refining, metallic constituents, liquefied petroleum gas, styrylquinoline, nonlinear optical properties, domestic waste water, organic photovoltaics, organic light-emitting diodes, bioelectricity, digital transformation, smart device, modular refinery, hydrocracker,  distillery spent wash, dual tree complex wavelet transform, electronic properties, organic field effect transistors, information and communication technologies, trans-cis isomerization,  radio-frequency integrated circuits, acid and alkaline reagents, solar energy concentration technology, fresnel lens, wireless sensor networks, antifungal agent, density functional theory and gamma radiation. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Science and Technology.

  • Current Practice in Medical Science Vol. 11

    This book covers key areas of Medical Science. The contributions by the authors include COVID-19, global health crisis,  yoga, periodontal health, alternative dentistry,  gastrointestinal cancer, Giant cerebral aneurysm, thrombosis, surgical management, misdiagnosis, analgesic activity, CNS depressant activity, Surgical management, solitary thyroid nodule, nerve damage, Cardiovascular disease,  biomarkers, biochemical markers, Dental practitioners, occupational exposure, transmission risk, Vietnamese traditional medicine,  inflammation, Knee proprioception, Threshold to detect passive motion method, proprioceptive acuity, Cerebral palsy, anterior spinal artery, spastic diplegia, adamkiewicz artery, Cataract surgery, phacoemulsification, pseudophakia, aniseikonia, depth perception, anisometropia, mechanical transmission, experimental infection, leeches,  body mass index, obesity, overweight, and  risk factors. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Medical Science.

  • Current Topics and Emerging Issues in Chemical Science Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of emerging issues in chemical science. The contributions by the authors include cycloaddition, organotitanium complexes, aberrant mitosis, anticancer metallodrug, anticancer agents, Activated carbon, turbidity, absorbance, adsorption, waste water, petroleum-based intermediates Solutions, dye adsorption, drilling fluid, ilmenite, weighting material, filter cake removal, fuel oils, petrochemicals, crude oil, thermal analysis, mass spectra,  Schiff base, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity, biological activities, Alzheimer's disease, rheumatism, cardiovascular disease, molecular docking, phytochemicals, agricultural biotechnology, nitrogen-containing compound, supercritical water oxidation, propylene glycol, total organic carbon. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of emerging issues in chemical science.

  • Theory of Compressible Oscillating Ether

    This monograph is the result of the author's many years of reflections on the causes of the global crisis that erupted at the end of the 20th century and continues to this day in fundamental scientific research and, above all, in theoretical physics. The main reason for the crisis, according to many researchers, was the dogmas of the special theory of relativity and quantum mechanics, imposed on all fundamental science, dominating in theoretical physics for many decades, based on abstract postulates and hypotheses that contradict common sense and everyday experience. Reasoned criticism of the current state of fundamental science, which is at a dead end, can be found in many articles and monographs published in recent years, the authors of which rightly associate this state of affairs with the denial of the existence of the ether - an environment that does not only carry out all interactions of material objects, but also generating the entire material world. In this work, an attempt is made to provide a rigorous mathematical substantiation of the existence of such an ethereal medium, from the equations of which the equations of the structural units of matter and the basic laws and equations of theoretical physics tested by experience are derived without invoking absurd relativistic and quantum-mechanical dogmas, postulates, prohibitions and principles. Such ethereal medium, as it turned out, must necessarily be compressible, globally immobile, but locally oscillating.

    The book consists of an introduction, eight chapters and an appendix. In the introduction, the main dead-end problems of fundamental science are considered, the solution of which, according to the author, is possible only when the concept of the ethereal medium returns to science.

    In the first chapter, the main properties of the equations of a compressible oscillating ether are considered. A comparison of the equations of ether with the equations of a continuous medium is carried out. It is shown that the ether equations are invariant under Galileo transformations. The dimension of the ether density is determined. It is shown that the dimensions of all other physical quantities generated by the ether coincide with their dimensions in the CGS system of units.

    The second chapter is devoted to the electrodynamics of a compressible oscillating ether. The derivation of the nonlinear generalized system of Maxwell-Lorentz equations from the ether equations is demonstrated, the result of linearization of which is the classical linear system of Maxwell's equations. The meaning of the vector potential is determined. The concept of a photon is defined as a longitudinal-transverse screw wave in the ether of constant density. It is shown that Maxwell's equations are unsuitable for describing of movements in the ether of variable density. The Coulomb's law is derived for the electrostatic field of the ether.

    In the third chapter, the derivation of the laws of electromagnetism from the ether equations is considered. The Biot-Savart-Laplace law is derived, expressions for the electromotive force and mutual induction of two contours are obtained. A definition is given and an expression for electric current is obtained, formulas for the electric and magnetic fields of the current are derived. The problem of interaction of currents is considered and the correction of Ampere's law is given. The motion of a conductor in a magnetic field is considered.

    In the fourth chapter, the equations for the elementary particles of matter (electron, proton and neutron) are derived from the ether equations. The definitions of electric fields, charges and magnetic moments of elementary particles are given and their values are calculated. Correction of Coulomb's law is given. The internal energy and mass of elementary particles are determined. The calculated values are compared with experimental data.

    In the fifth chapter, the ethereal structure of the hydrogen atom is considered. The ionization energy of the atom is calculated as the binding energy of the proton with the electron in the ether. The ground, excited and hydrino states of the hydrogen atom are considered. Ethereal explanations of classical physical experiments with the atom are given, including an explanation of its fine structure.

    The sixth chapter of the book is devoted to the problem of gravity in the theory of  compressible oscillating ether. The similarities and differences between electrostatic and gravitational fields are considered. The equations of gravitational fields of masses are derived as a consequence of the equations of gravitational fields of elementary particles. The law of universal gravitation is considered. All parameters of the ether are finally determined.

    In the seventh and eighth chapters, the etheric theories of the atom and atomic nucleus are considered. Formulas are given and the internal energies and magnetic moments of atomic nuclei of many isotopes of all chemical elements are numerically found. Answers are given to many questions that have no answers in the framework of modern physics of the atomic nucleus. The formulas for the energy levels of the binding energies of various electrons of the atom with its nucleus are derived, the dependence of the valence of the atom on the external energy levels is found. A correction of the table of chemical elements is proposed.

    The Appendix contains the basic vector analysis formulas used in various chapters of the book.

    The author expresses his deep gratitude to O.A. Grebenkin for many years of support for research on the theory of the ether, without which the writing of this book would have been simply impossible. I also express my gratitude to my beloved wife Elena for stimulating, supporting, creating the necessary conditions and a favorable atmosphere in the process of working on the book.

  • Key Flaps in Plastic Surgery

    Welcome to "Key Flaps in Plastic Surgery," a comprehensive guide that delves into the intricacies of one of the most fascinating and rapidly evolving fields of medicine. Within these pages, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of flaps, a crucial technique in plastic surgery, and explore the key principles, approaches, and advancements in this specialized area.

    Plastic surgery, an artful blend of science and creativity, has been instrumental in transforming lives, restoring function, and enhancing aesthetic outcomes for countless individuals across the globe. The field has come a long way since its inception, and flaps have emerged as a cornerstone of modern plastic surgical practice.

    Flaps, in essence, are ingenious solutions designed to replace or reconstruct lost or damaged tissues. By borrowing tissues from one area of the body and transferring them to another, plastic surgeons can restore form, function, and beauty with remarkable precision. Flaps have revolutionized the treatment of complex wounds, traumatic injuries, congenital deformities, and even cancer reconstruction.

    In "Key Flaps in Plastic Surgery," we have gathered a distinguished group of expert surgeons who share their invaluable knowledge, experience, and insights. Each chapter focuses on a specific flap or a group of flaps, exploring their unique characteristics, indications, surgical techniques, potential complications, and outcomes. By highlighting the key principles and nuances of each flap, we aim to empower both aspiring and seasoned plastic surgeons to master this art and deliver optimal patient care.

    As you embark on this journey, you will encounter a wealth of information, detailed illustrations, surgical photographs, and case studies that illustrate the practical application of these flaps. We have strived to present the material in a clear and concise manner, ensuring that it remains accessible to readers from diverse backgrounds, ranging from students and residents to practicing plastic surgeons and allied healthcare professionals.

    It is important to acknowledge that plastic surgery is an ever-evolving field, with new techniques, technologies, and research emerging constantly. Therefore, while this book provides a comprehensive overview of the key flaps, it is by no means an exhaustive compendium. Rather, it serves as a stepping stone, igniting the curiosity and passion within you to further explore this fascinating realm and contribute to the advancement of the field.

    We sincerely hope that "Key Flaps in Plastic Surgery" becomes an invaluable resource for you, inspiring a deep appreciation for the artistry and science of plastic surgery and equipping you with the knowledge and skills to embark on your own transformative journey. Remember, each flap represents an opportunity to make a profound impact on someone's life, and it is our collective responsibility to wield this power with utmost dedication, precision, and compassion.

    May this book serve as your guiding light, unraveling the intricacies of flaps and illuminating the path to mastery in plastic surgery.

  • A New Design of Internal Model Controller for SISO and MIMO Systems

    The works presented in this book are focused on the control structure by internal model. It is a structure known as being robust and making it possible to consider the effects of modeling errors on the one hand and of external disturbances on the other. Its main advantages lie in the simplicity of synthesis of the corrector, its ease of implementation and the explicit adjustment of robustness. As for its disadvantages, they mainly concern its applicability reserved for systems and stable correctors. To achieve a perfect transfer between the reference and the output of the process, independently of the process to be controlled, the regulator used in this structure is chosen the inverse of the model. The controller thus synthesized achieves perfect tracking despite the disturbance. However, if the modeling error is significant, the control loop can be destabilized, hence the usefulness of filtering the return signal to ensure a certain robustness with respect to this modeling error.

    The book is organized into three chapters as follows:

    In chapter 1, we presented a first control structure by internal model which showed its effectiveness for the case of continuous linear multivariable systems with non-zero relative degree and minimum phase. Nevertheless, in the case of delay systems or with unstable zeros, the results were not satisfactory, especially from the point of view of precision.

    A second approach of realizing the inverse of the multivariate model is proposed to improve the performance of delay systems. We have proposed a second command structure by internal model that is simple to design and implement. The application of the latter, to the different cases of multivariable systems: with non-zero relative degree, minimum phase, non-minimum phase or presenting a modeling delay, has given satisfactory results.

    Chapter 2 is focused on the design of an internal model controller for discrete multivariable systems. This controller is designed for linear systems with delay or without delay at minimum phase or non-minimum phase. The first section of this chapter is devoted to the presentation of the different techniques of discretization since all physical systems have a continuous presentation. Then, the discretization techniques most used in the literature were detailed and the results of simulations were discussed to choose the most efficient technique. The third section was devoted to the presentation of the control by internal model of square multivariable systems by detailing its basic structure, its main properties, and the design phase of the controller specific to this control.

    The results obtained are satisfactory and showed the robustness of the control by discrete internal model in the improvement of the performances the discrete multivariable linear systems.

    Chapter 3 is focused on the exploration and proposal of new control structures by internal model for multivariable continuous overactuated and underactuated systems leading to the synthesis of robust numerical control systems. These proposed internal model control structures have proven through numerous applications their ability to guarantee increased performance while being simple to implement. These applications can be applied to industrial processes, linear or non-linear, such as underactuated system example 1, two tank cylindrical system and example 2, overatuated system, the mixing tank process.

  • Research Highlights in Language, Literature and Education Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of language, literature and education. The contributions by the authors include education systems, continuous assessment learning activity, literacy rate,  teaching materials, k-4 transaction model, pedagogical innovation, technological pedagogical content knowledge, communication technology integration, empirical study, pedagogical and content knowledge, interpretive practices, musical expression, lamaholot language, sofia gubaidulina, student autonomy, students co-lecturers, contemporary music, art of teaching, quality education, indigenous languages, classroom management, teaching and learning. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of language, literature and education.

  • Research Aspects in Biological Science Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of Biological Science. The contributions by the authors include  Reference curve, birth weight and length, head circumference, preterm, Zooplankton, rotifer,  Amino acids, aminotransferases, glutamate dehydrogenase, protease, Menstrual disorders, nutritional status, menorrhagia, dysmenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, pre-menstrual syndrome, Immunoglobulin-E, interleukin gene variants, atopy, Polyelectrolytes, nanofilms, mesenchymal stromal cells, cell proliferation,  leaf disc, direct and indirect organogenesis , plantlet regeneration, nodal segment, vitamin C, and  \(\beta-cyclodextrin\). This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Biological Science.

  • Current Progress in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical research. The contributions by the authors include drug information query, community pharmacist, primary care physician, biofilm, chronic inflammatory disease, quorum sensing, dextrose prolotherapy, intradermal injection, postherpetic neuralgia, isotonic glucose injections, neuropathic symptoms, pulmonary hypertension, non-fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis, partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection, pediatric surgical practice, thalamic reticular nucleus, corticothalamic glutamatergic axons, auditory reaction time, deep relaxation technique, visual reaction time, physiotherapy, psychology, paediatric physiotherapy, pain assessment strategies, traditional medicine, complementary medicine, human immunodeficiency virus, cannabis, coronary dissection, carotid dissection, acute coronary syndrome, ischemic stroke, Down’s syndrome, periodontal disease, bone biology, gene expression, systemic disease, cytokines, FECG signals, power-law, fractal geometry, multifractal analysis, fractal dimension, fractal geometry, ECG signals, arrhythmia, congestive heart failure. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical research.

  • Innovations in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of Microbiology and Biotechnology. The contributions by the authors include  methicilin resistant, methicillin susceptible, random amplified Polymorphic DNA, Antimicrobial activity,  zone of inhibition, matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time , flight mass spectrometry, Computer-based iterated prisoner’s dilemma scoring matrix, moran model, capillary feeder assay, prisoner's dilemma, clonal interference model, game theory method, Bacteria inherent biofilm, probiotics, genotypic methods, antibiotics, Syneresis, sodium caseinate, lacto-fermentation, starch, acid gel, non-dairy product, Pig fat, Lactic acid bacteria,  16S rDNA,  cancer, antioxidants,  rotavirus, diarrhoea, children, Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis 168, broth microdilution technique, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Microbiology and Biotechnology.

  • Advanced Research in Biological Science Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of Biological Science. The contributions by the authors include phytohormone, seed pre-treatment, seedling, stem cutting, anthropogenic activities, geographical origin, ecological distribution, ethno–botanical uses, peptide, spike protein, green algae, fungus, habitat, air pollution, ubiquitous distribution, ecosystem, terrestrial environment, living organism, coral reef, coastal ecosystem, phytoplankton, cystic parasitosis, darwin’s theories, exotic species, pulmonary tuberculosis, sputum cytology, fruit nutrient composition, frugivorous primates, plant kingdom, animal ingestion, biochemically intricate, biodiversity, natural selection, hydatid cysts, zoonotic parasitic and evolution. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Biological Science.

  • Current Practice in Medical Science Vol. 10

    This book covers key areas of Medical Science. The contributions by the authors include costing, out-of-pocket spending, Cost to Hospital, cost to patient, Elizabethkingia, meningitis, pneumonia, bacteremia, bronchoalveolar lavage, influenza virus, carbon rule of law, protein analysis, swine flu, proteomics, transcriptomics, Asthma,  chemotherapeutic agents,  nanomedicine, Acute coronary syndrome, urologic intervention, dual antiplatelet therapy, finite element analysis, finite models, modified mini implants, dual ball head implant, stress , displacement of maxilla,  telehealth, e-ICU, mobile health, machine learning, data sharing, smart-ICU, Autism, hyperfocus, neurophysiology,  polio immunization, oral polio vaccine, inactivated polio vaccine, paralytic poliomyelitis,  E3 ubiquitin ligase, estrogen receptor, breast cancers, Active surveillance, DNA karyometry, prostate cancer, Caecal volvulus, pathogenesis, bowel obstruction, operative management, metabolic surgery , Bariatric surgery, and  laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Medical Science.

  • Current Topics on Business, Economics and Finance Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of business, economics and finance. The contributions by the authors include economic natural selection, supranational decision-making, dynamic optimization, optimum currency area, consumer buying behavior, information technology, digital media, mortgage-backed securities, economic community, political rivalry, consumer prices index, social media marketing, economic efficiency, shares price index, investment bank, stock exchange, adoption, public extension, relative effect, sustainable development goals, development community, corporate financial management, business management, business dynamism, facilities management, knowledge chain analysis,  macroeconomic volatility, financial openness, institutional quality,  union agenda, financial development, foreign direct investment and decentralized decision making. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of business, economics and finance.

  • Research Developments in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of Arts and Social Studies.  The contributions by the authors include Intersectionality, auto ethnography, judgment, identity, privilege, Ecotourism, tourism, livelihood,  effect of precession of the earth’s axis, tropical calendar, Water weathering, self-esteem, subjective wellbeing, individualism-collectivism, homeostatic model, subjective wellbeing, G.I. Bill, reintegration, social rehabilitation, social measures, Academic disciplines, e-learning,   learning styles, objective learning, pedagogical efficacy, self-reported learning,  Australian rules football, football hooliganism, illusion of violence, neo-tribes, perth history, sports history, western Australian football, western Australian history,  job security, social simulation,  customer workers recognition and appreciation, Corporate social responsibility, and  Scottish football. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Arts and Social Studies.

  • Current Innovations in Disease and Health Research Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of disease and health research. The contributions by the authors include cardiovascular disease, malignancy, diabetes, respiratory diseases, COVID-19, hysteroscope, family planning, post placental insertion, intrauterine contraceptive devices, resilience, tuberculosis,  vitamin b6, postexertional state,  cardiomyopathy, syncope, blood pressure, SARS-CoV-2, acne vulgaris, skin disease, seborrheic dermatitis, neurobics, de-escalation,  neuropathy, neurotoxic, body mass index, heart sound, waist circumference, blood sugar, obesity, anthropometric measurements, epidemiology, vaccination and immunization. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of disease and health research.

  • Challenges and Advances in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of Pharmaceutical Research.  The contributions by the authors include Bosentan hydrochloride, self microemulsifying drug delivery system, pharmacokinetics parameters, spray drying, ultrasonic interferometer technology, Diabetes mellitus, silver nanoparticles, glycogenesis, metabolism, Solid lipid nanoparticle, nanocarriers,  nanotechnology, Alzheimer’s disease, drug design, computational modeling, artificial intelligence , artificial neural networks , Molecular hybridization, indolyl chalcone, micro tubulin inhibitors, antimitotic agent,  apoptosis, anti-inflammatory, intrinsic pathway, extrinsic pathway, Donepezil, methylphenidate, haloperidol, stereotypy,  immunohistochemistry,  neurological deficits, COVID-19, antimicrobial resistance,  azithromycin, chloroquine, antibiotic stewardship, Trace elements, phytoconstituents, stem barks, and Micronutrients. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Pharmaceutical Research.

  • Novel Aspects on Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of pharmaceutical research. The contributions by the authors include antimicrobial ointment, soxhlet method, semisolid preparation, cup plate method, nephrotoxicity, amikacin, drug-induced toxicity, aminoglycoside antibiotics, multidimensional poverty index, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, centers for disease control, chloroquine, food and drug administration, severe acute respiratory syndrome, therapeutic proteins, protein delivery, nanotechnology,  radiotherapy, quinazolines, radionics, chemodynamic therapy, synthetic drugs, aldose reductase inhibitors, rhodanine compounds, herbal sanitizer, chromatine immunoprecipitation, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, prostate cancer, molecular docking, chronic metabolic disorder,  molegro virtual docker, melt granulation, androgen receptor response element and microcrystalline cellulose. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of pharmaceutical research.

  • Current Innovations in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of Medicine and Medical Science. The contributions by the authors include Chronic kidney disease, congenital anomalies, renal disease, pediatric nephrology, Hypokalemia, hypokalemic paralysis, hyperthyroid periodic paralysis, thyrotoxicosis hypokalemic paralysis, Breast lesion, fine needle aspiration cytology, open biopsy,  Ultrasound guided intravenous catheter placement, ultrasound guided intravenous survival, ultrasound guided education, adult pancreatic stem cells, type I diabetes mellitus, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, Obstinate club foot, subtotal subtalar release, dolarz surgical technique, club foot,  lysholm score, USG guide, Antibiotics, patient counseling, community pharmacy, Cisplatin, hepatic arterial infusion, chemotherapy, hepatocellular carcinoma, Nano-doped zinc oxide, oxidative stress, and diabetic retinopathy. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Medicine and Medical Science.

  • Emerging Issues in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of agricultural sciences. The contributions by the authors include soil fertility, inorganic manure, food production, farming practices, food security, farm input subsidy program, agricultural productivity, conservation agriculture, fuzzy logic systems, sustainable agriculture, soil degradation, plant health, crop monitoring process, rootstock culture, harvesting, irrigation, agricultural development, plantation, horticulture, self-pollinated crops, conventional breeding methods, genetic variability, agronomic genotypes, agricultural and industrial sectors, crop rotation, nitrogen fixation, biological nitrogen fixation, storage pests, conservation agriculture, conventional agriculture, weed management,  agronomic practices, arable agriculture, finest fruits, agro-climate grape yield, climatic factors, yield prediction, agricultural-service providers and cropping systems. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of agricultural sciences.

  • Research Aspects in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of Arts and Social Studies. The contributions by the authors include Sustainable development, environmental education, globalization, ecology,  global system, national educational models,  educational institutions, Tourist demand, tourist sides, tourist supply,  artificial intelligence, technological singularity, internationalization of higher education, Christian principles, justice, politics, voting, ethnicity, communication skill, hotel service quality,  tangibility, Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle's Politics, Aristotle's Theory of the Mean, Aristotle's Theory of Justice, Aristotle's Mixed Constitution, Covid-19 crisis, political crisis, spillover effect, and  technological crisis. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Arts and Social Studies.

  • Recent Trends in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of arts and social studies. The contributions by the authors include relationship between nature and human, ecological outlook, socioeconomic development, celestial harmony, food insecurity, food deficit scale, conservation crime, wastewater pollution, enviro-social interface, victimisation, eutrophication, eco-pragmatism, false flag operations, India human development survey, multinomial logit, endogeneity, transgender individuals, physiotherapist, transgender wellness, chromosomal traits, automotive industry, import of technology, technology transfer, domestic automobile, automotive industry production, path dependency, education system, licensed professional counselors, social issues awareness, Myers’ index, backward elimination, commonality factors, emergent complexity, political economy, long-distance trade, chadic polity, transfer pricing, Internal Revenue Service, income tax regulations. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of arts and social studies.

  • New Frontiers in Physical Science Research Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of Physical Science. The contributions by the authors include Electromagnetic waves, external magnetic field, electromagnetic electron cyclotron, dielectric tensor, Statistical mechanics, random matrix theory, quantum hall effect, Infrasound,  space weather, climate change, biosphere of the earth,  wind turbine rotor noise, noise of rocket engines, Hadronic matter, quark-gluon plasma, heavy-ion collisions, hyperon production, mid-rapidity multiplicity, nuclear spin, Interstellar space travel, limit of superheat, boiling point elevation, viscosity, magnetic bottle, positron, antihydrogen, Cell membrane, electropore, conductivity, probability, pulse electric field, Cu doped NiO thin films, transmittance, band gap, cyclic voltammetry, Longitudinal vortex, antigravity device, classic axiom, antigravity thrust, Side boundary membrane, hybrid structure of photon, cracks of the ice giants in Antarctica, Quantum probability, fuzzy event, path integral,  and fuzzy graph. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Physical Science.

  • Initial Quanta Level of the Material World and Substantiation of Its Parameters

  • Studying Africa and Africans Today

    This book entitled ‘Studying Africa and Africans Today’ is derived from the Second Meeting of Xiamen University Belt and Road Research Institute Africa Regions Sub-Forum, that took place at Xiamen University in April 2019. The different contributions triggered vivid and interesting debates in a collegial and friendly atmosphere. The Africa sub-Forum debates lead to a series of suggestions on how to strengthen the scientific, academic and cultural collaboration and exchange between China and Africa in the context of the Belt and Road Initiative. The strongest recommendation suggests a stronger promotion of cultural, scientific, and academic collaboration and exchanges that will open the way to better mutual understanding. The study is an inter-disciplinary research initiative with focus on Africa and people of African descent worldwide.  Scholars from different parts of the world, Algeria, Brazil, China, France, Kenya, Senegal, South Africa, and the United States of America contributed to the debates and discussion that took place at Xiamen university.

  • Research Highlights in Science and Technology Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of science and technology. The contributions by the authors include wastewater, water quality, Persian water control system, domestic water supply, dust mitigation, mechanical vibrator, photovoltaic system, climate change, solar energy, fossil fuels, foamed concrete, manufactured sand, quarry dust, non-renewable source of energy, biosensors, biomolecules, piezoelectric devices, artificial intelligence, drug discovery, formulation development, machine learning, toxicity, active disconnection, economic costs, digital culture, polyaniline nanofibers, chemical oxidative polymerization, Dye-sensitized solar cells, TiO2/PAni-ox/dye electrode, discharge coefficient, downstream apron, head-discharge relationship, free and submerged flow conditions, nanoparticles, nanotechnology, fiber optic probe, plasmon resonance, runway incursion prevention, runway status lights system, microwave transmission, phased array radar. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of science and technology.

  • Eurasian Integration and Law: An Approach to Issues of Theory and Practice

    The transition to multi-polarity and increasing of the geopolitical competition, fast creation in the world of new regional spaces are unavoidably issue challenges before Eurasian countries of review and correlation of existing areas of regional cooperation, the development of a new multi-vector policy, especially in Eurasia. The law plays the most important role in achieving such goals because law is a regulator of relations both at the national and at the international levels. 

    In this monograph the authors’ concept of the formation of the Eurasian integration and law was set out, it was developed on the base of the analysis of doctrinal approaches to the theoretical and legal foundations, the genesis, the main features and characteristics of the Eurasian law as an element of the international law. Particular interest has undoubtedly the review of the Eurasia s regional integration organizations (summits, forums, programs and initiatives).

  • Current Progress in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical research. The contributions by the authors include heart disease, neurologic examination, ELISA technique, manual liquid based cytology, morbidity, mortality, curriculum mapping, liquid based cytology, conventional papanicolaou smear, cervical cancer, ancillary techniques, liquid based cytology, HIV, posterior shoulder fracture, folate deficiency, anaemia, haemoglobin, androgen deprivation, chronic otitis media, post-aural fistula, diabetes mellitus, metabolic diseases, nasal antrostomy, inflammatory cyst, radicular cyst, transurethral resection of the prostate,  Wegener’s granulomatosis, sarcomatoid carcinoma, post-auricular mastoid cutaneous fistula, mastoid-cutaneous fistula,  radiculopathy, laparoscopic appendectomy, dyslipidemia and gynaecologic cytology. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical research.

  • Emerging Challenges in Environment and Earth Science Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of Environment and Earth Science. The contributions by the authors include insalubrity, Chemical pesticides, pesticides persistence, integrated pest management, Water Quality Index, hexavalent chromium, pathogenic bacteria, river water pollution, physico-chemical parameters,   shape-memory metal, instrumental monitoring, meteorological processes, environmental phenomena, Average wind, evaporation, climate sensitivity, rainfall, heavy metal ions, sewer-mud colloid, toxic heavy metal, alluvion farmland colloid, soil colloid, and environmental treatment. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Environment and Earth Science.

  • Recent Trends in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of arts and social studies. The contributions by the authors include rural identity, modernization, rural sociology, supererogation, mocking gestures, democracy, threats of capitalism, economic development, business organizations, psychometric properties, political authority, symbolism, architectural creation, functionalist axiom, journalist and communicator transformation, digital technology disruption, humanism, digital media, yoga meditation, transcendental meditation, mental benefits,  food waste behavior, food waste generation, household food waste, Aristotelian syllogism, essential moods, derivative moods, non-universal nature, naive materialism, secular symbol, secular evidence assessment. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of arts and social studies.

  • Research Highlights in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of Agricultural Sciences. The contributions by the authors include plant density, Optimized spacing,  improved variety, nitrogen rate, grain yield, yield advantage, Climate change, Rainfall trend analysis , food security , maize yields, arid and semi arid lands, Climatic variables, climatic water balance parameters, rainfed cotton, Non-timber forest products, Cowpea cultivars, and agromorphological variability. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Agricultural Sciences.

  • Novel Aspects on Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of pharmaceutical research. The contributions by the authors include pidotimod, stress degradation; stability indicating assay method, pidotimod, stress degradation; stability indicating assay method, gastric residence time, gastroretentive drug delivery systems, gastric residence time, differential scanning calorimetry, gastrointestinal tract, ferric reducing antioxidant power, maceration, hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose, gliclazide, calcium starch, ethyl acetate, soxhlet method, carbohydrates, glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, fast dissolving tablets; superdisintegrant, starch phthalate; acyclovir; dissolution efficiency, starch glutamate, drug-interactions in-vitro & in-vivo studies, factorial design, fast dissolving tablets, fourier transform infrared spectra, super disintegrant, anti-inflammatory, and dichloromethane fraction. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of pharmaceutical research.

  • Variations in Global Life Expectancy with a Focus on African Countries

    Life expectancy at birth which often tends to be abbreviated as LEB, is a terminology that has been coined for a statistical measure of the average time an organism or in the case of human beings, an individual, is expected to live, based upon the year of its or his or her birth, it’s or his / her current age as well as other demographic factors including gender [1]. It has been iterated that life expectancy at birth (LEB) most often have been defined in two ways that include cohort life expectancy at birth (Cohort LEB) and Period life expectancy at birth (Period LEB) [1].

    Cohort life expectancy at birth (Cohort LEB) has been defined as the mean time period of an actual birth cohort that relates to all individuals who have been born within a given one year and this can be calculated for cohorts of individuals who had been born many decades earlier, such that all the members within their cohort have died. Period life expectancy at birth (Period LEB) is a terminology that has been coined for a hypothetical cohort of individuals or organisms that have been assumed to be exposed, from birth to death, to the mortality rates that had been observed over a given year [2].

    National life expectancy at birth (National LEB) figures that are reported by statistical national agencies as well as international organizations are said to indeed represent estimates of period life expectancy at birth (Period LEB). Some of the documented historical summations related to life expectancy at birth include [1].

    Within the bronze age and the iron age, life expectancy at birth was documented to be 26 years.

    The 2010, world life expectancy at birth (World LEB) was documented as 67.2 years.

    With regard to life expectancy at birth in Swaziland (Eswatini) is approximately 49 years whilst the life expectancy at birth in Japan is approximately 83 years.

    The combination of high infant mortality and deaths among young adulthood related to accidents that emanate from accidents, epidemics, plagues, wars, especially preceding the practice of modern medicine which was widely prevalent, did significantly lower the rates of life expectancy at birth (LEB). For instance, with regard to a society that has a life expectancy at birth of 40 years, that society would have few who die at the age of 40 years precisely and majority of individuals belonging to that society would prior to the age of 30 years or after 55 years.

    With regard to populations that are associated with high infant mortality rates, life expectancy tends to be very sensitive to the death rates within the first few years of life. It has been iterated that in view of the sensitivity to infant mortality, life expectancy at birth (LEB), could be subject to gross interpretation which does to lead an individual or a group of people to have the opinion that a population that has a low life expectancy at birth (low LEB) would automatically have a small proportion of older people [3].

    An alternative measure such as life expectancy at 5 years of age (e5) could be utilized to exclude the effect of infant mortality in order to provide a simple measure of overall mortality rates other than within early childhood and with regard to the aforementioned postulated hypothetical population, life expectancy at 5 would another 65.

    Aggregate population measures, for example, the proportion of the population within varying age groups, should also be utilized together with individual-based measures including formal life expectancy when undertaking the analysis of the population structure and dynamics. Nevertheless, pre-modern societies had universally higher mortality rates and universally lower life expectancies at each age both males and females and this example is extremely rare.

    With regard to societies that have life expectancies of 30 years, for example, a 40-year remaining time span at the age of 5 years could not be un-common, but a 60-year-old one was.

    It has been stated that with regard to mathematical computation, life expectancy refers to the mean number of years that remain at a given age taking into assumption the age-specific mortality rates do remain at their most recently measured levels. [4] It tends to be denoted by ex which does refer to the mean number of subsequent years of life an individual who is now aged x, according to a particular mortality experience. It has also been documented that longevity, maximum life span, and life expectancy are not synonymous with regard to meaning. It has additionally been stipulated that life expectancy has been defined with regard to statistical means as the mean number of years that remain for an individual or a group of individuals at a given age. With regard to definition, longevity, does refer to the characteristics of the relatively long- life span of some members of a population group. Maximum life span does refer to the age at death of the longest-lived individual among the population or species. Furthermore, in view of the fact that life expectancy is an average figure, a particular individual could die many years preceding or many years pursuant to the expected survival. The terminology maximum life span does have a different meaning and tends to be more related to longevity. 

    It has been stated that globally, the average life expectancy at birth was 71 years which was 70 years for males and 72 years for females over the period of time between 2010 and 2015 based upon the United Nations World Population Prospects Revision [5], or 69 years that represented 67 years for males and 71.1 years for females for 2016 according to The World Factbook [6,7]. Based upon the 2015 the World Health Organization (WHO) data, on average women tend to live longer in comparison with men in all major regions as well as in all individual countries with the exception of Mali and Swaziland (Eswatini) [5].

    It has been documented that the countries that have the lowest overall life expectancies per World Health Organization (WHO) are Sierra Leone, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Guinea-Bissau, Lesotho, Somalia, Swaziland (Eswatini), Angola, Chad, Mali, Burundi, Cameroon, and Mozambique. It has additionally been documented that out of these countries with the lowest overall life expectancies, only Lesotho, Swaziland (Eswatini), and Mozambique in 2011 had been suffering from an HIV prevalence rate that was higher than 12% within the 15 years to 47 years age group [8].

    It has been iterated that it can be problematic to compare life expectancies from birth across various countries and that different definitions do exist for live birth and still birth even among more developed countries and less developed countries quite often tend to have poor reporting [9].

    Variations in global life expectancy does depend upon many factors including the Gross Domestic Product of the individual countries, the percentage of the Gross Domestic Product that is allocated by the countries to Health care delivery and prevention of diseases, the life style of the individual countries and efforts made at preventing disease as well as managing disease, the quality of good roads to avoid accidents, the transportation system of the countries, the availability of effective ambulance and resuscitative services, the level of education, the availability of effective community development, the realisation of individuals to make concerted efforts to prevent disease, the ability of each district, region, nation, sub-continent and continent to establish their own community diagnosis, identify priority areas to help improve quality of life and prolong life, the ability to treat disease by providing general management, specific management, symptomatic management, management of complications, convalescent management and prevention of recurrence of disease. Generally, more developed countries tend to have better and improved quality of life and higher life expectancies in comparison with developing countries for various reasons. Nevertheless, it is known that if the developing countries that have low life expectancy rates can focus on improving quality of life and taking more effective steps to prevent unnecessary preventable deaths through concerted efforts and education activities the quality of life and life expectancies of those countries would improve gradually.

    Majority of countries in Africa have continued to have lower life expectancy rates in comparison with the developed countries. A good way for African countries to help improve their national life expectancy rates would require studying of the top 20 most common causes of death in their countries and taking steps to prevent those deaths. A study of the commonest 20 causes of death in majority of African countries does illustrate that majority of the causes of death are preventable and unnecessary deaths and the conditions are usually treatable. It is therefore necessary to provide data that provides information on the commonest preventable deaths in African countries to inhabitants of Africa to enable each African country take steps to remedy the situation. The World Health Organization has continually made efforts to provide data on global life expectancy and data on various diseases globally but it would appear as if perhaps more effective steps would be required to help Africans to help themselves by establishing national and international efforts in collaboration with the World Health Organization to improve quality of life as well as raise life expectancy of life in Africa as a whole.

    Life expectancies of countries vary from time to time and the World Health Organization, The World Bank, The CIA, Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, The United Nations, The Global Burden Disease 2010 study, OECD 2016, and the UN World Population prospects 2015 have tabulated various aspects related to the global life expectancy table to enable citizens of all countries in the world to be familiar with the life expectancies of their countries in relation to all other countries in the world to enable them make efforts to improve upon the life expectancies in their countries in collaboration with their neighbouring countries and the rest of the world and Tables 1 to 6 with their corresponding reference sources illustrate these tables based upon data obtained from different time periods (see references 10 to 23 for the sources of the tables and other references to learn from). 

    The ensuing book contains various documentations related to life expectancy of African countries with a highlight of steps that need to be taken to improve upon the life expectancy rates of African countries.    

     

  • Current Innovations in Disease and Health Research Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of disease and health. The contributions by the authors include site-homing delivery,  silymarin, atherosclerosis, pathologic process, thrombosis-promoting molecules, scaffolds, cardiovascular disease, stroke, carcinogenesis, alanine amino transferase, colorectal cancer,  kaempferitrin, chemoprevention, cancerous cells, malignant transformation, flavonoids, pranayama, yoga, pranic vitality,  silymarin inhibition, aspartate aminotransferase, immune system,  kidney stones, toxic pathological effect, SARS-CoV-2, acid- alkaline balance, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation, central nervous system, movement with mobilization, leprosy, smallpox, polio, measles, tetanus, vaccination, physical relaxation, kinetic chain activation technique, muscle energy technique, diabetes, stress and anxiety. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of disease and health.

  • Current Overview on Science and Technology Research Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of Science and Technology.  The contributions by the authors include Temperature, PV cell, resistance, irradiation, energy, Data mining, clustering,  logitboost, clothing industry, anthropometric data, Radioactivity,  thermal oxidation, solar cell, Scanning electron microscope, X-ray crystallography, fabrication, Tyrosinase, elastase, cosmetics,  production cost,  linear positive operators, modulus of continuity, approximation theory, baskakov-operators,B-cyclodextrin, para nitro-benzaldehyde, and scanning electron microscope. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Science and Technology.

  • Research Highlights in Science and Technology Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of science and technology. The contributions by the authors include open-circuit voltage, soda-lime glass, polycrystalline thin-films, semiconductor materials, Carbon offsetting, financing, low-carbon energy technologies, net-zero emissions, renewable energies, photosynthetic rate, nitrogen use efficiency, Nitrogen fertilization, eco-friendly sustainable agriculture, electrochemical method, anodic oxidation, electrochemical etching, electrodeposition, electropolymerization, electrophoretic deposition, micro-arc oxidation, electrochemical machining, anodic oxidation, electrolytes, markov chain models,  steel fibers, m-sand, silico approaches, drug development, vaccine design, molecular mimicry, infertility, silico technologies, adaptable models, resource allocation, hydrocarbon mixture, biostimulation, surfactants, nutritional balance, bioremediation,  load testing, disaster mitigation, earthquake prediction, high frequency tremor anomalies, seismic catalog, microbial fuel cells, energy recovery and CIGS solar cells. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of science and technology.

  • Techniques and Innovation in Engineering Research Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of Engineering Research. The contributions by the authors include emergency generator package set, Structural adhesive, bulk specimens, thick adherend shear test, fracture toughness, Adhesive joints, T-joints, finite element method, Bi-adhesive, cohesive zone models, fracture toughness, Remote sensing images, image processing, detection of land use and land cover, segmentation, Flexible AC Transmission System, Intreline Power Flow Controller, Fuzzy Logic Controller ,damping of oscillations, Flow accelerated corrosion, Computational fluid dynamics, Weathering, polyolefin, photo-oxidation, chain scission, cross-linking, Alternative fuels, vegetable oil, plastic oil, injection timing, supercharging, and combustion characteristics. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Engineering Research.

  • Current Topics on Business, Economics and Finance Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of business, economics and finance. The contributions by the authors include ecosystems, total economic value, biodiversity conservation, analytic multicriteria valuation method, hunting blocks, error-correction model, trade balance, economic competitiveness, international monetary fund,  financial literacy, digital marketing, cost-serving strategy, microfinance, economic empowerment,  financial services, rural development, economic activities, vocational training, small and medium enterprises, business environment, financial performance, competitive manufacturing, output flexibility, demand fluctuations, marginal cost pricing, cost curves. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of business, economics and finance.

  • Progress in Chemical Science Research Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of Chemical Science. The contributions by the authors include N-butyl-4-methyl- pyridinium chloride, X-ray structures, \(\beta\)-Cyclodextrin, physiochemical properties, Photooxygenations, naphthylamines, iminoquinones, Methyl ethyl sulfide, thermochemistry, kinetics, oxidation, transition to detonation, branching chain reaction, Pomegranate juices, violation of stability during storage, components of chemical composition, Ionic liquid, imidazole, microwave irradiation, allylbromide, hydroboration, Benzoic acid, pH effect, solubility, partition coefficient, phenolphthalein indicator, Metallocavitins, and methane..This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Chemical Science.

  • Current Progress in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical research. The contributions by the authors include congenital glaucoma, trabeculodysgenesis, buphthalmia, juvenile glaucoma, secondary glaucoma, goniotomy, trabeculotomy, community medicine, community-based education, anal abscess, anal prolapse, anorectal diseases, fecal incontinence, COVID-19, cytokine storm, cytokine release syndrome, antiviral drug, neutralizing antibodies, immunoregulators, congenital agenesis of gallbladder, prenatal diagnosis,  traumatic injuries, vertebral artery, embolization, pseudoaneurysm rupture, Tuberculosis, extra-pulmonary tuberculosis, genital tuberculosis, post-coital bleeding, cervical tuberculosis, scalping flap, cranial deformity, cutis verticis gyrate, Plasma metformin, nephrotoxic drugs, kidney dysfunction, glomerular filtration rate, non-invasive continuous diagnosis, human ECG and blood glucose detection, chronic kidney disease, end stage renal disease. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical research.

  • Research Aspects in Biological Science Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of Biological Science. The contributions by the authors include Enterococci, antibiotic susceptibility testing, FTIR spectroscopy, Macrophage, inflammation, nosocomial infections, circadian rhythm, circadian clock, Chronic exposure, acute exposure, digestive tubule, epithelium height,  cavity-type nesting site, noncavity type nesting site, Human African Trypanosomiasis, Annonaceous acetogenins, biocides,  Hemovigilance, blood system, quality system management, and quality culture. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Biological Science.

  • Soil, Water and Plant Analysis

    Untired mother earth continuously supports the needs of ever increasing population in terms of food, fibre and selters. Natural and man-made causes dynamically change soil health and also chanes the land cover. Now the situation arises the requirement for continuous monitoring of soil health for future generation. At this juncture, soil-water-plant analysis is pivotal. A manual covering multiple areas like book library in the library is needed for students in multi-dimensions. This book may be helpful to the students, researchers and academicians. This book provides statistical approaches for soil sampling which is the critical for soil analysis and interpretation. It provides the procedures of soil, plant and water analysis. The pedological features of soil and biochemical properties of soil are also included in the book. The principles of instrument are also included in the chapter. This book may be a complete book for the students.  

  • Territorial Disparities and Health Inequities in Morocco

    During the last decades, Morocco has made noticeable achievements in terms of access to health and improvement of conditions of life in general. Several initiatives and action plans have been implemented, aiming directly or indirectly at reducing inequalities in general and health inequities in particular. The New Constitution created in 2011 states health care as a fundamental right of Moroccan men and women. Moreover, the country is engaged to achieve the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) and in particular SDG3 which aims to “Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages” by leaving no one behind. In this direction, the country is moving toward universal health coverage (UHC) with the ambition to cover the majority of its population.  However, action on social determinants of health to reduce health iniquities remains a crucial challenge. Indeed, a recent study made by a consultant on health equity and SDH in Morocco showed that 23 out of 40 indicators considered were associated with severe health iniquity based on the values (>10%) of the index of dissimilarity or the concentration index related to inequalities by milieu (rural-urban), income, education level and territorial disparity by regions. Meanwhile, the Health Information System (HIS) in Morocco is still under construction.

    This book deals with different aspects of health inequities in Morocco. It shows that huge gaps and unacceptable disparities are seen between rural and urban areas, rich and poor families, educated and non educated people in general and among women and girls in particular. Illustration is given by comparing vital health indicators like maternal mortality ratio (MMR), infant mortality rate (IMR), people in situation of disability, adolescent pregnancy and childbearing and others.

    This book is a friendly easy document for readers of different levels and status, including students, academic staff, researchers and members of civil society. By advancing the evidence base, this book also constitutes a pragmatic plate-form for governments and health decision makers who are seeking efficient strategies to reduce unfair inequities by acting on social determinants of health.

  • Handbook of Outcome-Based Education Model (OBE): Best Practices and Formats for OBE Implementation in Technical Higher Education Programs

    I am happy to write the foreword for the book “Handbook of Outcome-Based Education Model (OBE): Best Practices and Formats for OBE Implementation in Technical Higher Education Programs” by Dr. Arun Kumar B.R. I have gone through this book in detail and it has been an enriching, fulfilling, and satisfying experience. As a seasoned academician with 25 years of academic experience who have practiced Outcome-Based Education (OBE) for nearly 10 years, the author has transposed his experience in practicing, implementing OBE principles and processes into an excellent reference material covering a whole gamut of things yet with sufficient depth for undergraduate / Postgraduate programs in institutions/university of higher education with concern to OBE.

    This book is useful as we are challenged to boost standards of education in terms of student performance along with measurable outcomes that are significant and relevant. Today, educational organizations need to be more responsive, efficient and address the current needs. The OBE is an educational framework that can be tailored as per designer requirements. This book serves as a basic platform on which OBE principles; processes can be further developed and adopted.

    The book runs into more than 120 pages and consists of eight structured chapters. The topics of each chapter are treated concisely with clear definitions of terms and illustrative examples that make the concepts explicit and connected for the implementation of OBE with special reference to professional undergraduate/postgraduate programs.

    This book presents the best knowledge of OBE from the implementation perspective comprehensively and straightforwardly. The author has included the best practices, formats, strategies for achieving higher-order learning, and impact analysis of value-added courses. The readers will get exposure to OBE knowledge, best practices, and formats in this book.

    I am sure the book will serve as a reference and addresses key thoughts on higher-order learning also points out the flexibility of the OBE model such as restructuring the curriculum, adopting suitable instruction methods, recommending the use of Information Communication Technology (ICT) wherever effective, adopting appropriate assessment methods along with best practices in education rather than earning of just course credits. The systematic, structured, objective, learner-centric, outcome-oriented approach of OBE and its presentation by the author is very much appreciable; it is going to help the academic community.

  • Low Power Sigma Delta Modulator Design

    Analog to digital converter (ADC) is one of the major building blocks of today’s IC design industry. Rapid evolution of the digital industry puts very high or stringent requirements on the analog and mixed signal design. High demand of system-on-chips (SoC) in almost all applications like wireless communications, mobile communications, consumer electronics and bio-medical electronics, makes the ADC as an important basic building block. Different kinds of ADC architectures are integrating ADCs, Successive approximation Register (SAR) ADCs, Flash ADCs, pipe lined ADCs and sigma delta ADCs. Except sigma delta ADC, remaining ADCs are known as Nyquist rate converters as they follow Nyquist theorem. Sigma delta ADC is known as Oversampling converter as it uses oversampling technique and makes the design of ADC simple by avoiding the anti-aliasing filter requirement. Among all the data converters, sigma delta architecture is most popular for low power and high-resolution applications.

    Low power design is always preferred for portable systems as they operate for long time. Sigma delta ADCs are extensively used in biomedical applications, therefore they must operate with low power consumption. For example, pacemakers, which are generally implanted into the human body, should be compact and must operate with minimal power. Apart from the low power requirements, parameter variations cause more problems on analog designs with reduced channel length transistors. Circuits that are designed without considering PVT variations become useless due to their deviated results from the specifications. So, modern circuits must be designed in such a way that they are tolerant to variations and consume less power.

    Variations in manufacturing process (P), supply voltage (V) and temperature (T) parameters affect the operation of integrated circuits (ICs) and pose a significant threat to the designers. This problem is severe for analog designs as it includes more number of parameters. Increased process variations make the design of analog blocks more complex. Systems that are designed without taking the PVT variations into consideration, fail to achieve required specifications.

    Modern circuit design suffers from escalating power consumption, along with process and temperature variations. Not only dynamic power but also leakage power has emerged as a dominant component of overall power consumption in scaled technologies. Power management techniques magnify the problems associated with process-induced variations. Therefore, designing a process, temperature tolerant circuits with low power consumption is a challenging task.

    The prime focus of this book is to design a low power continuous time sigma delta modulator using process (P), voltage (V) and temperature (T) compensated blocks

  • The Top of Toxic Chemicals in the Environment and Impact on Human Health

    The environment contains a variety of dangerous substances that are harmful to human health. The top dangerous compounds are listed here, along with any potential effects. It contains narratives. Heavy metals are metallic substances that have a high density and can be dangerous to both people and the environment in certain concentrations. Typical heavy metals include lead, mercury, cadmium, arsenic, chromium, and nickel. The following key points cover the impact of heavy metals on human health. Pests including weeds, fungus, and insects can be controlled with the help of substances known as pesticides. Similarly, mice Air pollution irritates the skin, eyes, and throat in addition to having an effect on public health and agricultural production. The size of the dust particles has a significant impact on the impacts of particulate matter on human health. Dust can contain minuscule liquid or solid particles small enough to deeply penetrate the lungs and cause serious health problems. The majority of artificial food additives are not harmful to people's health. And the FDA forbids or places restrictions on chemicals that pose health risks. It is not a good idea to try to completely eliminate artificial food additives from your diet. Given the possibility of drug toxicity, it's critical to concentrate on consuming wholesome, less processed foods. Cyanide is a chemical that can be toxic and devastating to both plants and animals. It also works swiftly. As a result, the body is unable to use oxygen. This book will be useful to students, teachers, researchers, scientists, and anybody else with an interest.

  • New Frontiers in Physical Science Research Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of Physical Science. The contributions by the authors include Polymer electrolytes, AC conductivity, complex electrical modulus, Inflationary universe, accelerating universe, tachyon field, phantom field,  braneworld model, Cosmological models,  cosmic dynamics, big bang model, inflationary model, Kirkwood buff integrals, partial molar volume, excess gibbs free energy, isothermal compressibility, Regular convex polytopes, negative dimensions, fractal dimensions, complex dimensions, recurrence relations, Supercritical CO2, tight sandstone, formation sensitivity, fracturing technology,  scalar field cosmology, cosmic acceleration, Absolute electron Ionization, fabrication, Monte Carlo track structure simulations, Entangled unstable particles, complex hidden variables, path dependent expectation values, time dependent bell inequalities, Fragmentation analysis, electron ionization, Viscosity, imperfect fluid, stability analysis, Rotary converter, three-phase power supply, single-phase electric motor, and automotive alternator. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Physical Science.

  • Current Topics and Emerging Issues in Materials Sciences Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of materials sciences. The contributions by the authors include polymer composites, seawater batteries, microstructure analytical approach, natural fibers, fiber-reinforced polymer, polymer matrix, synthetic fibers, high-temperature vacuum brazing, heat-resistant intermetallic titanium alloy, eutectic brazing filler metal, structure, diffusion, brazed seam, aluminium, intermetallic compounds, simulation, optimization, acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, chloroprene rubber, polyvinyl chloride, thermal ageing, rheology, strain energy and magnesium alloy electrodes. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of materials sciences.

  • Current Innovations in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of Medicine and Medical Science. The contributions by the authors include Diabetic cardiomyopathy,  heart failure,  sympathetic nervous system, Head and neck cancer, radiation-induced trismus, Endodontics, ultrasonics, restorative dentistry, canal openings, Prostate cancer, erythroblast transformation-specific-related gene, transmembrane protease serine 2 gene fusion, Placental leucine aminopeptidase, complementary deoxyribonucleic acid , electrophoresis, Clinical transfusion, patient blood management, Mavacamten, myosin inhibitors, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, optogenetic approach, placental and birth weight, placental surface area,  maternal age, sigmoid volvulus, morbidity, one-stage sigmoid colectomy, Dental Implants, gingival esthetics, and  esthetic restoration. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Medicine and Medical Science.

  • Dynamics of Ginger Zingiber officinale Cultivation and its Socio-economic Impacts on the Livelihood of Farmers in Santchou (West Cameroon)

    Ginger is known in many countries for its gastronomic value but also for relieving various ailments such as rheumatism, fatigue, nausea, colds, headaches and especially digestive problems. This product is consumed in different forms, it is a very beneficial root for human health. Ginger aids digestion, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, is very good for the heart, gives energy, grows hair and produces collagen. This culture has been developing on a large scale in production areas since the arrival of Covid-19.

  • Research Aspects in Chemical and Materials Sciences Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of Chemical and Materials Science. The contributions by the authors include TEM diffraction patterns, epsilon-iron, rubbing apparatus,  Conductive carbon, porous carbon, amorphous carbon, Chemical Vapor Deposition,  Cross-linking in Hydrogel, polymer, ionic liquids, Corrosion Inhibitor, mild steel, adsorption, Atomic force microscopy, Paint formulation, paint ingredients, Cost-benefit analysis, carbon-fiber reinforced polymer, and greenhouse gas emissions. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Chemical and Materials Science.

  • Current Progress in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical research. The contributions by the authors include urinary sphincter disorders, neurology, micturition process, hypospadias in children, urethral meatus, syncytio trophoblast, chorionic gonadotropin, growth retardation, mandibular fractures, maxillofacial trauma, color Doppler test, lymphangioma, hamartomatous tumour, secondary hemorrhages, anticholinergics, primary nocturnal enuresis, foam sclerotherapy, varicose veins, chronic venous disease, deep vein thrombosis, acute flaccid paralysis, respiratory failure, volatile organic compounds, osteoarthritis severity, diabetes, metabolic factors, osteoarthritis, clinical anatomy, cadaveric dissection, cadaver procurement, swiss ball exercise regimen, neurological disorders, physical rehabilitation, alzheimer disease, cerebrovascular diseases, Child neuropsychology, preschool age, graphomotor skills, serial organization of movements, executive functions, heterochronic development,  predictors, developmental dyslexia. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical research.

  • Wear of High-Technology Coatings, Deposited by High-Velocity Oxygen Flame (HVOF)

    The tribology is a fundamental interdisciplinary science and technology for the contacts and the contact interactions in technical systems. The term “contact interactions” (tribological interactions) unites in combination all the phenomena and processes within the zone of touching the bodies, independently of their nature – physical, mechanical, chemical, electrical, thermo-dynamical, acoustical, and technological [1-6]. Carriers of these interactions are regions having specific structures, characteristics, and states, named „contact”. The contacts as objects of the tribology have no analogue in the fields of science. They cannot exist as separate independent physical objects without the presence of the contacting bodies, but they have decisive importance to the functional characteristics of the contacting systems. It is for this reason the contacts are considered in the tribology as independent functional objects of the systems [7-9].

    The basic tribological phenomena and processes are friction, wearing, and lubrication, which determines the exploitation characteristics and resources of the details, the mechanisms, and the machines. The friction to a great extent is connected with energy losses, consuming 30-40% of the energy produced in the world. The wearing is accompanying the process of friction and it leads to losses of material and human resources. It is the reason for the termination of the exploitation process of more than 80% of the details and the machines taken as one whole. Simultaneously with this, friction as a driving process is of essential importance for the functioning of a series of systems such as mechanical brakes, and friction devices, as well as in many technological processes – ignition, welding by friction, and some others. The utilization of the achievements of the contemporary tribology enables decreasing many times the losses arising from friction and decreasing the wearing process in machines, which would lead to economic effectiveness at values ranging from 2 up to 4% of the national income of the developed countries in the world. The object of the tribology is the elaboration and controlling of surface layers, coatings, construction, and lubrication materials having appropriate physicomechanical and mechano-chemical characteristics, which ensure adaptation and optimization of the regime of occurring the tribological interactions in various operational regimes.

    The exploitation period of a machine represents the calendar duration of its exploitation until the destruction or loss of its functional indices. The expenses for the repairing work of the machines, the equipment, and the transportation expenses represent in developed countries tens of billions of dollars per year. In the course of the development of the industry, these figures are growing up continuously. The expenses for repair and technical servicing of the machines exceed several times their original prices. The investigations show that for example, for automobiles the expenses for these losses are about 6 times higher, for airplanes – up to 5 times, for the metal processing and wood processing machines – up to 8 times higher. The different machines are repaired a different number of times during their exploitation period, for example, the road construction machines are to be repaired up to 15 times. The greatest wearing degree is for details and functional parts of machines and equipment, which are being exploited in abrasive or aggressive media, as well as details of transportation machines operating, in a dust-contaminated environment. Such fields of exploitation are the following – machines in agriculture, the mining industry, energy production, chemical industry, cement production, and others.

    The problem of increasing the life cycle of the machines is connected with the enhancement of the wear resistance of the contacting joints. This is a complicated problem. In most cases, it requires combining high antifriction effectiveness and high wear resistance. The high antifriction effectiveness means a low coefficient of friction, which is achieved by the plasticity of the surface layers, while the high wear resistance implies great resistance of the surface layer against splitting, impact interactions, and vibrations, which is achieved by the higher hardness of the surfaces. Usually, the plastic (the soft) layers have lower hardness, while the layers with great hardness have lower plasticity and high brittleness. The compromise is achieved by precision analysis of the mutual influence of three main groups of factors: working medium – with or without lubricating material, presence of abrasive material, aggressive compounds, etc.; dynamic conditions – velocities, loadings, type of the movement, presence of vibrations; contacting materials - composition, structure, physical-mechanical properties, compatibility [4,10-12].

    It is very important to point out the circumstance, that during the exploitation of the machines the tribological processes influence one another and they change the time-space characteristics of the contact, and this in its turn determines its behavior and the functional characteristics of the contacting joints, respectively those of the machines, taken as one whole.

    Many years of practice in creating protective layers and coatings of the metals have shown that the highest quality wear-resistant coatings are obtained by using concentrated flows of energy. One can observe in the current literature a large number of developments, in which different aspects are considered for the creation of protective coatings by applying gas-thermal methods and concentrated energy flows [13-17].

    The subject of the present book is the essence and the mechanisms of wearing of composite powder coatings, consisting of superalloys, deposited by supersonic flame jet - HVOF (High-Velocity Oxy-Fuel) as a new generation of tribology materials. These coatings have been obtained at the velocity of the flame jet 1000 m/s of powder composites, containing micro-particles of different chemical compositions – nickel, tungsten, boron, silicon, manganese, and others having different content percentages. The coatings have been obtained upon a substrate of steel in two cases – without preliminary thermal treatment of the substrate and with preliminary thermal treatment of the substrate. The wearing process characteristics have been studied – mass wear, wear rate, wearing intensity, absolute and relative wear resistance. It is known that the mechanisms and the dynamics of the wearing process and the wear resistance depend on the conditions of interaction. The tribological behavior of such coatings is of special interest under extreme exploitation conditions– the presence of solid-state particles, high loadings and velocities, impacts and vibrations, high temperatures, presence of aggressive media, vacuum, radioactive irradiation, and others.

    The book represents the results of HVOF-coatings for three cases: wearing process during dry abrasive friction over the surface with solid attached abrasive particles (abrasion); erosion wear process under the effect of the air stream, carrying solid abrasive particles (erosion), and wearing process under the influence of vibration normal loading during sliding along the surface having solid attached abrasive particles (vibration-abrasive wear).

    The investigations have been carried out in the Center for Tribology at the Faculty for Industrial Technologies (FIT) in the Technical University- Sofia under the leadership of Prof. Ph.D. Mara Kandeva with some already known and other newly elaborated methods and devices.

    The results from the studies on supersonic flame coatings were reported at the world congresses in Italy (Torino) and China (Beijing), at the international conferences BALKANTRIB of the Balkan Tribological Association in Turkey, Serbia, Romania, Greece, Bulgaria and they have been published in journals, indexed in Scopus and Web of Science.

    The authors express their gratitude for the support from their colleagues, Ph.D. students, and diploma students of the Faculty for Industrial Engineering in the Technical University- Sofia, Prof. Georgi Kostadinov, and Assoc.Prof. Todor Penyashki from the Institute of Soil Science, Agrotechnologies and Plant Protection „N. Pushkarov“, Sofia, Bulgaria, Assoc.Prof. Emilia Asenova from the Society of the Tribology Scientists in Bulgaria, Prof. Viagra Pohidaeva from the University for Mining and Geology „St. Ivan Rilsky“, Sofia, Bulgaria, Prof. Dimiter Karastoyanov from the Institute for Information and Communication Technologies, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria, Prof. Aleksandar Vencl from the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia, prof. E Zadorozhnaya and Assoc.Prof. I Levanov from the Faculty of Automobile and Tractor, Department of Motor Transport, South Ural State University, 76 Prospekt Lenina, Chelyabinsk, Russia, Assoc.Prof. Petr Svoboda from the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic.

  • Insights into the Prevention and Treatment of Depression with Famous TCM Prescription Xiaoyaosan

    Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription is a formula established based on clinical disease pattern differentiation, following the therapeutic principles and methods of TCM, in accordance with the compatibility rules of TCM as "Prineipals, assoeiates, adjuvantsand messengers". As the main method of TCM to treat diseases, TCM prescription is also the main embodiment of the philosophical speculation of TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment. The elaboration of the mechanism of action and the material basis of traditional Chinese medicine prescription is of great significance to understanding disease pathogenesis and the revelation of therapeutic targets, embodying the scientific connotation of TCM. Xiaoyaosan (XYS) comes from the "Taiping Huimin Heji Bureau Prescription" in the Song Dynasty. As a representative prescription of TCM for the treatment of emotional diseases attributed to the pattern of liver depression and spleen deficiency, such as depression and anxiety, it has been used for thousands of years and has significant antidepressant and anti-anxiety effects.

    Revealing the antidepressant and anti-anxiety pharmacodynamic mechanism of XYS and elaborating the material basis of XYS are of great significance for the research and treatment of emotional disorders and the elaboration of the scientific connotation of the correlation between Classical Prescription and Pattern in TCM. By establishing three different depression models, including chronic unpredictable mild stress, chronic immobilized stress, and chronic restraint stress, combined with clinical research, network pharmacological analysis, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF-MS), 16S rDNA high-throughput method and molecular biology, we have revealed the antidepressant and anxiolytic mechanism of XYS and the material basis of its pharmacodynamics from multiple levels.

    Our results show that XYS could target the central nervous system (CNS), liver, and intestinal tract to exert its medicinal effect. In the CNS, XYS has been shown to interfere with the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrena axis, glial fibrillary acidic protein and Glu-NMDA receptors; regulate the expression levels of tryptophan hydrogenase 2 and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 in the hippocampus; regulate the glutamate/glutamine cycle and the glutamate transporter GLT-1 in the hippocampus; downregulate tumour necrosis factor-\(\alpha\)/janus kinase 2-signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway in hippocampus; improve the function of astrocytes and excitatory amino acid transporters in prefrontal cortex; regulate nesfatin-1-oxytocin-proopiomelanocortin neural pathway in hypothalamus; regulate mRNA expression of related anabolic enzymes in hippocampus and amygdala, for antidepressant/anti-anxiety effects. In the periphery, XYS has been revealed to improve the abnormal levels of insulin, blood glucose, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein in plasma by regulating the expression of SHIP2 in the liver. In the intestinal tract, XYS has been found to treat mood disorders by regulating the abundance of intestinal flora and reducing intestinal permeability. The joint analysis of network pharmacological analysis and UPLC-Q/TOF-MS showed that paeoniflorin, quercetin, luteolin, acacetin, aloe-emodin, Glyasperin C, kaempferol in XYS could play an antidepressant effect by regulating the pathways related to metabolism, neuroendocrine function and neuroimmunity, and affecting the expression of AKT1, TP53 and VEGFA genes.

    In summary, we have collected into this book the representative studies published by Prof. Chen’s laboratory in 2020 and before. These studies reveal the pharmacodynamic mechanism of XYS for anti-depression and anti-anxiety, as well as clarify the material basis of XYS, which could serve as a practical reference value for researching and treating stress-related emotional disorders.

  • Technological Innovation in Engineering Research Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of Engineering Research. The contributions by the authors include ground track response, environmental vibration, Tissue engineering, scaffold biomaterials, 3D bioprinting, extracellular matrix, Operational amplifiers,  cascode amplifiers, Digital detector, electrical machinery, steering system, Barnacles colonies, antifouling coating, polymer coating, water intakes cleaning, Corrosion rates measurements, chemical composition of carbon steel, microstructure examination, vickers hardness, Transient stability,  MATLAB, Power World Simulator, Alternative fuels, LHR engine,  supercharging, Etching,  air pump,  and  humidity sensor. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Engineering Research.

  • Novel Aspects on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of chemistry and biochemistry. The contributions by the authors include cytogenetic methods, plant test-system, animal test-system in vivo, human lymphocytes in vitro, Pr3+-doped CdWO4 nanoparticles, fiber morphology, phenylbenzopyrone, flavonoids, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammmatory, immunomodulatory, antiviral properties, antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic properties, new schiff base complexes, pulp blending, chipping, beating, physical strength, metal complexes, anti-cancer activity, cell viability, photocatalytic, kinetic study, current photocatalytic system, metal tungstates, Scheelite, wolframite, stoichiometric amount, charge transfer molecules, molecular docking, MEP mapping and mulliken charge distribution, thermogravimetric analysis, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, carboxyl group, inflammatory proteins, acrylate-based high internal Phase emulsions, differential scanning calorimetry, chemical potential and electrophilic index. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of chemistry and biochemistry.

  • Current Advances in Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences. The contributions by the authors include greenhouse gases, carbon taxation, world population levels , Aquatic ecosystem, toxic water body, electronic pulse technique for decomposition esters, photosensitization for decomposition of organic matters, floating eco-islands, immobilized nitrogen cycle bacteria, Magnetosphere, radiation belts, neutral atom imaging, South Atlantic anomaly, space weather forecast, spatial object management,  geographic information systems, water management, Aeration,   root morphology, urea hydrogen peroxide, Teledensity,     carbon footprint,  Flood,  Climate change, weather parameters, food security, and agricultural commodity forecast. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences.

  • ST-351: Distribution Theory-I

    Welcome to the fascinating realm of Distribution Theory – I. I am thrilled to present to you this comprehensive book of Distribution Theory – I. No such comprehensive book is available for the students studying at undergraduate level having subject specialization as a Statistics.

    The present book is useful to the students of Statistics at Degree, Honours and Post-graduate levels. The book will also be useful for the students preparing for various competitive examinations. Every attempt has been made to keep the theorem or proofs as simplified form.

    The book includes five chapters. The first chapter is on Beta distribution, it discusses two kinds of beta distributions viz. Beta distribution of first kind and Beta distribution of second kind. The second chapter is on Cauchy distribution. Third chapter provides the detailed explanation on Order statistics. The Fourth chapter is on Chebychev’s inequality and the last chapter is on the Central limit theorem and Weak law of large numbers.

    As the author of this book, I have drawn upon my experience as a teacher to craft a resource that caters to the needs of both students and professionals seeking a deep understanding of distribution theory. ”Foundations of Distribution Theory – I” is organized to guide you through the subject matter in a logical and progressive manner. I begin by establishing the prerequisites for the subsequent topic, introducing the fundamental concepts of distributions. The inclusion of detailed explanations, step-by-step derivations, exercises with varying levels of difficulty ensures that you can approach the material at your own pace and gradually master the intricacies of distribution theory.

    In addition to the comprehensive coverage of distribution theory, this textbook includes additional exercises, and solutions to selected problems, enabling you to further deepen your understanding and reinforce your learning. As you embark on this intellectual journey, I extend my deepest gratitude to you, the reader, for your curiosity and dedication to expanding your knowledge. I hope that this book will serve you as a reliable companion, equipping you with the tools to tackle complex problems and inspire further exploration in this dynamic field. Wishing you an enlightening and rewarding study of distribution theory.

  • Text Book of Peripheral Nervous System

    Anatomy is foundation of medical education. Other subjects of medical education cannot be comprehended without thorough knowledge of Anatomy. There are umpteen number of books on gross anatomy and central nervous system but scanty books of peripheral nervous system. This promoted the author to draft a book on peripheral nervous system. Information relating to peripheral nervous system is scattered but in this book efforts are being made to place all information relating to peripheral nervous system at one place so that students need not to refer so many books for acquiring knowledge on peripheral nervous system. This book will prove boon to undergraduate, post graduate medical students along with peripheral nervous system clinicians

  • Current Progress in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical research. The contributions by the authors include cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure, stroke, tuberculosis, potential hypertension, sexual interest, sexual apathy, malignant tumor, humoral response, rubella immunity, continuous positive airway pressure, obstructive sleep apnea, excessive daytime sleepiness, polysomnography; hypopnea index, electroencephalogram, anterior cruciate ligament injury, congenital risks, amoebic liver abscess, antibody,  heterogeneous disease, normal chest xray, breast cancer, schizophrenia, circulatory system, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, physiotherapy, concealed penis, thrombocytopenia, endothelial dysfunction, preeclampsia, vascular dysfunction, immune dysregulation, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, surgical management, rubella embryopathy, saliva droplets and liposomal vaccines. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical research.

  • Fundamental Business Soft Skills

    The role of business soft skills is similar to the role of blood vessels in human body. For the human body to function properly the blood should be transmitted from one part of the body to another via blood vessels. Once the blood failed to reach the parts of the body, the person is likely to suffer serious health constraints including blood pressure, fainting and dizziness. When the blood failed to reach the key organs such as heart, the person is likely to loose life. This blood vessel role analogy is similar to business soft skills role, because any deficiency of it have devastating impact on business performance or overall business growth.

    Business soft skills play a greater role of supporting the functions of business in all stages of establishment and growth. The skills greatly support business ideation development, business plan development, business formalization, business set up, business management, business operations, business monitoring and evaluation. For example, idea development require multiple soft skills such as creative thinking, observation, baseline analysis, business plan development and report writing. Likewise business formalization requires documents preparation and negotiation skills. Other skills include business team management skills, time management skills, effective communication skills, client service skills, technical skills and monitoring skills.

    This book covers over fifty percent of the required business or enterprise development skills. In this book, the term business go beyond trading (that is the activity of buying and selling products for profit generation) to any formal or professional work including public or private service organizations. These organizations do employ personnel which sometime need these skills in order to increase productivity, job excellence and performance. The book is also useful to individuals’ professional development who aspires to establish businesses or service organization. The book seek to address the existing business or enterprise soft skills gap and intend to meet the respective and desired business competencies.

  • Stabilization of Expansive Soils with Lime and Fly Ash

    Expansive soils are found all over the geographical area of the world these soils are one of the most problematic soils because of their volume instability due to seasonal variation in moisture levels.  Volume instability causes severe damage to the structures resting on these soils, especially lightly loaded structures.

    Expansive soils found in India are popularly known as black cotton soil as they are black in colour and are good for growing cotton. It is observed that in areas of black cotton soil, the road subgrade has generally high strength during dry season but during rainy season when the subgrade absorbs moisture, it heaves and loses its strength considerably.  Similarly in case of buildings the cracks and settlements are caused during rainy season when the foundation soil swells and exerts pressure more than the overburden. Hence there is a need to improve the properties of the soil to avoid problems arising out due to volumetric instability.

    The primary aim of this reference book is to introduce about the expansive soil, its properties, nature of damages to structures built on these soils and testing of these soils to know its properties. Stabilisation is another important aspect covered in this book to understand the behaviour of such soils with different types and methods of stabilisation.

    The book has six chapters. Chapter one introduces the expansive soil. Chapter two describes the methods of identification of expansive soils. Chapter three is about Nature of Damages to Structures Built on Expansive Soils and Construction Practices. Chapter four details about soil stabilisation whereas chapter five presents a case study of black cotton soil stabilisation using lime and fly ash. Finally, chapter six presents brief of findings from case study.

    Materials have been taken from already published works and the same have been duly acknowledged at appropriate places as for as possible.

    The author wish to acknowledge the moral support provided by the author’s   family during the course of writing this book.

  • Research Highlights in Language, Literature and Education Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of Language, Literature and Education. The contributions by the authors include education system, need base education, cognitive,  creative thinking skills, innovative learning, industrial agriculture, collaborations, critical theory approach, educational institution, higher education,  international partnerships, globalization, power relations, pandemic, health protocols, social media, travel restrictions, FOSS tools, proprietary software, awareness, learning and engagement, open educational resources, attitude, adaptation, sharing resources, and flipped classroom. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Language, Literature and Education.

  • Current Progress in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of Medicine and Medical Research. The contributions by the authors include reproductive Age, method of sterilisation, internal carotid arteries, left vertebral artery, left subclavian artery, diagnostic & surgical procedures, vertebral arteries arch of aorta, menopause, relapsed clubfoot, demographic factors, ofluorescence, automated microperimetry, myopic foveoretinal detachment, myopic foveoschisis, myopic macular hole, myopic traction maculopathy, posterior staphyloma, choroidal vascularity index, macular hole retinal detachment, family planning, sexually transmitted diseases, retinitis pigmentosa, oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species, photoreceptor degeneration, visual impairment, conventional laparotomy, laparoscopy, gynecological malignancies, physiological vital parameters, ambulation, hysterectomy women, musculoskeletal pain, cardiac rehabilitation programme, heart failure, cervicothoracic Junction, thoracic Spine, hematological malignancies, chronic myeloid leukemias, malignant lymphomas, reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction, abdominal-perineal amputation, posterior colpectomy, melanoma, rectal cancer and modern methods of contraceptive use. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Medicine and Medical Research.

  • Development of an Economic Empowerment Framework for Small-scale Agro-processors in South Africa

    South Africa as a nation-state post-1994 is characterised by three main challenges: poverty, inequality, and unemployment. While scholars and policy designers appear to be in agreement with this categorisation, in reality, the challenges faced in South Africa appear to go beyond the economic and political spectrums. The United Nations has prioritised the eradication of inequality as one of its sustainable development goals, while the African Union has identified the agricultural sector as part of its Agenda 2063. This book attempt in addressing inequality in South Africa from the perspective of agricultural economists. The book title "Development of an economic empowerment framework for small-scale agro-processors in South Africa” is intended to develop an empowerment framework for small agro-processors as a tool for reducing inequality in the agricultural sector of South Africa. The content of this book to a larger extent is an extraction from a PhD thesis submitted to the North-West University Business School for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Economic and Management Sciences with Business Administration. The book has identified the critical tenets for the economic empowerment of small-scale agro-processors in South Africa. The book came as a result of over two years (2019 and 2021) of intensive review of literature, collection of data and analysis. These processes occur during the activation of national disaster management frameworks as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa. This book is dedicated to small-scale farmers, agro-processors, academics, and policymakers for openly sharing their views, experiences, and opinions that contribute to the development of a framework. Whether you are a policy maker, scholar, researcher, political or gender activist, potential investor, government agency or student in agribusiness, the book provides knowledge and value in the understanding of the agro-processing sector and its contribution to finding solutions to sector-based inequality. I dedicate this book to the Co-authors (Prof. Victor M. Mmbengwa and Prof. Joseph N Lekunze) who also happen to be my promoters. The outcome of this project is not free from limitations even though efforts were made to ensure the book is free of errors.  We apologise for any mistakes that may be found and we have also ensured that the materials used have been properly cited and referenced. Please, feel free to contact the authors or reflect on your comments to improve the book’s subsequent editions. 

    Benjamin Manasoe, North-West University Business School, Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences, Potchefstroom, Republic of South Africa

  • Current Innovations in Disease and Health Research Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of disease and health research. The contributions by the authors include prophylaxis, lethal encephalitis, animal and human rabies, antifungal susceptibility, CD4 T-lymphocytes, oral candidal carriage, nonpathogenic forms, candidal colonization, burnout syndrome, receiver operating characteristic, prognostic scoring system, organ dysfunctions, psychological proximity, homogeneity, resistant starch, human health, ferment resistant starches, acetylcholinesterase, amyloid plaques,  cholinergic hypothesis, cerebrospinal fluid, acute ischemic stroke, endothelial growth factor, population aging, elderly depression, developmental assessment, children with severe disability, disaggregated data, pattern and needs identification, profound multiple learning difficulties, primary effusion lymphoma, parapneumonic effusion, antiretrovial therapy, pleural effusion, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, traumatic brain injury, hyperthermia. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of disease and health research.

  • Advanced Routing Methods for Efficient Energy Harvesting in Mobile Adhoc Networks

    This Book defines a framework for energy-aware routing protocols which reduce the consumed energy by using the routing metrics based on routing table.This text aims to provide a sound and comprehensive knowledge on MANET route selections and route optimizations, This is intented to cover the basics of MANETS and their straties for efficient energy harvestings in research applications. This book consists of seven chapters. Each chapter briefs to a specific topic. The content of the chapter in this book is organized as:

    Chapter 1: Gives an introduction about the various MANET wireless networks and emphasis on the core applications and usage its focus on the MANET organization and routing methods.

    Chapter 2: This gives focus on the MANET organization and routing methods and gives the basic introduction to self organization, harvesting, awareness and route optimizations.

    Chapter 3: Describes the frame work of harvesting implemented using proposed EPAR method and which make the nodes know about the efficient process of routing selection and energy awareness for efficient selection.

    Chapter 4: Evaluates the performance of the network for energy and power based on the restricted access windowing mechanism which brings improvements for the network lifetime of and conserves the energy wasted off in idle mode of listening.

    Chapter 5: This Describes a stable Rank based approaches which give rise efficient route selection based on a rank which assigns thresholds and compared with the neighbors and assigns a rank parameter for choosing the best stable route available among the different paths available. 

    Chapter 6: Describes the Enhancements and performances of these efficient methods when compared to the existing and traditional methods towards the energy awareness in routing.  

    This book covers the topics which are very much required for UG and PG student intending t start Research in the mentioned area.i Thank the publisher and my parents, family members,my institute and fellow colleques who helped in this endeavor.

  • Cutting Edge Research in Biology Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of biology. The contributions by the authors include fish pathogens, hazardous antibiotics, bioactive secondary metabolites, aquaculture disease management, marine environment, chemical biodiversity, ultra-weak cell radiation, cellular signal transmission, physical basic impulse, mitogenetic radiation, quantum mechanics, DNA barcoding, leaf anatomy, interspecific competition, abiotic factor, whiteflies diversity, , activation energy, alpha amylase enzyme activity, hepatopancreas, mangrove snail, neuro-pharmacological haemolytic property, tick transmitted diseases, fish cultivation, parasite species, biodiesel production, sustainable ecology, heavy metals, meantioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, environmental pollution, biocides, antioxidant defense system, gene markers, genetic transformation, ambulatory activity, motor dysfunction, chronic codeine administration, myelinated axons. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of biology

  • Research Aspects in Biological Science Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of Biological Science. The contributions by the authors include adenosine triphosphate, virus, autonomy, lineage formation, living and non-living, metabolic whole, plasmid, dantron, acridine orange, radio frequency, microwave, autoimmunity, immune tolerance, immunopathology, molecular mechanism, SNPs,  in silico prediction, mitochondrial biogenesis,  mechanoautophagy, extracellular matrix, focal adhesion, cadherin mediated adhesion, autophagy, complex diseases, autoencoders, artificial intelligence, personalized medicine, diagnosis, patients survival, chlorophyll a and b, agriculture soil, deforested soil, heat tolerant, country bean, insect pests, lotus seed protein, irradiation powers, response surface methodology, hydrolysis degree, neurocognitive disorder, lewy bodies, parkinson’s disease, constipation, donepezil, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Biological Science.

  • New Advances in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical science. The contributions by the authors include fine needle aspiration cytology, cervical lymphadenopathy, reactive lymphadenitis, metastatic lesions, ectopic pregnancy, medical methodm misoprostol, medication abortion, gestational age, NSAIDS induced gasrtric ulcer, dorsolateral hypothalamus, anterograde tract-tracing, brainstem projections, Barrington's and pedunculopontine tegmental nuclei, flexible periotome, atraumatic extraction, congenital nystagmus, vertigo, vestibular function, myocardial infarction, autoimmunity, babesiosis, tick-borne illness. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical science.

  • Novel Research Aspects in Mathematical and Computer Science Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of Mathematical and Computer Science. The contributions by the authors include time hopping ultra wideband radio, orthogonal pulse modulation, power spectral density, ant colony system, metaheuristic, pheromone, jump transition probability, pheromone evaporation residue, hybridized ant colony optimization, 2D to 3D conversion, resolution enhancement, interpolation techniques, iterative, clustering, region merging, fractals, panoramic radiography, osteoporosis, mandible, DXA Scan, data mining, single package design, trie, NP-hard, time complexity analysis, MINSAT, attractors, topological data analysis, simplicial complexes, persistence diagram, chaotic dynamical systems, group action, orbit decomposition, polynomial, graph, triangulation, torus, automorphism, quaternion group, propositional operators, truth table, combinatorics, associative and distributive principle, truth functional operation, comparator, karnaugh map, prime implicant, minimal sum, complete sum, and probability-ready expression. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Mathematical and Computer Science.

  • Research Highlights in Language, Literature and Education Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of language, literature and education. The contributions by the authors include speaking skills, fluency, accuracy, EFL class, Language Teaching Strategies, blended learning, educational systems,, video conferencing systems, social reality, science education, scientific attitude, school internal factor, teacher effectiveness, student-centred approach, teacher-centred approach, english language learning, interference, pedagogical approach, educational psychology, arabic political discourse, political speeches, political discourse analysis. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of language, literature and education.

  • Challenges and Advances in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of Pharmaceutical Research. The contributions by the authors include metformin, ion-pair HPLC method, human plasma,  pharmacokinetics, prazosin, bioisosteric approach, \(\alpha\)1-adrenoceptor antagonists,  drug score, truffle water extract, oxidative stress, glutathione , malondialdehyde, super oxide dismutase enzyme, peroxynitrate, cucurbitaceace, minerals, nutraceutical, dengue fever, arthropod, polyprotein, poisoning, clinical pharmacist, organophosphorus poisoning , beestings, discharge against medical advice, nicotine, cataract, paracetamol, nimesulide, simultaneous equation method, medicinal plants, phytochemistry, ayurveda, quality of life , diabetes mellitus, blood glucose, medication adherence, human leukocyte antigen, interleukin-6, polymorphism, COVID-19, and T-cell receptors. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Pharmaceutical Research.

  • Research Highlights in Science and Technology Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of science and technology. The contributions by the authors include fixed bed reactor, olive pitscomsol multiphysics, CFD Application, biomass combustion, Burpee protocol, kinaesthetic exercise, Biomechanical models, social networks,social media, intelligent network orchestration, machine learning, optimization algorithms, network performance, floating photovoltaics, solar electricity, water reservoir, change Detection, remote sensing, subpixel mapping, rare-earth doped glass, non-linearity properties, laser transitions, fake news detection technique, political divisions, machine translation, natural language processing, reinforcement combinations, volume fraction, Archimedes principle, microstructure, differential scanning calorimerty, differential thermal analysis, Lorenz model, hydrodynamical systems, homotopy-perturbation method. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of science and technology.

     

  • Current Overview on Science and Technology Research Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of Science and Technology. The contributions by the authors include dam stability,  genetic algorithm, gravity dam, global optimum, stress analysis, vertical drops, air bubbles, energy dissipation, physical model, regression equation, stepped spillway, optimum size of step, skimming flow, chute geometry,  MANET, energy harvesting, shortest path route, high-performance liquid chromatography, scanning electron microscopy, soxhlet, e-assessment, academic integrity, examination malpractice, online classroom, fourth industrial revolution, graduate skillsets, quality assurance, face recognition, HC-05 bluetooth, huskylens, activated carbon, adsorption, and hexavalent chromium. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Science and Technology.

  • Emerging Issues in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of agricultural sciences. The contributions by the authors include sustainable agricultural value chain development, blended learning program, value chain analysis, vermicomposting, organic formulations, inorganic fertilizer, hyperspectral imaging, machine learning, plant disease, symbiotic bacteria, bacterial pathogenicity, lethality, biopesticides, resistance genes, ornamental plants, mutations, organic farming, ecological equilibrium, green manures, soil test crop response, nutrient management. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of agricultural sciences.

  • A Model of Medical Care around the World

    The fact that more than 40 million people have no health insurance in the United States (US) and 36 of 57 countries do not meet basic standards for healthcare in Africa is well known. Although the health sector has significant impact on global economy both as an employer and a provider of goods and services, nonetheless, the major limiting factor to improve health outcomes is attributed to lack of implementation capacity. Consequently, based on in-depth literature review and experienced scenarios, this paper provides a sort of guidance by highlighting heterogeneity and barriers in design process of a model of medical care. The results show political commitment and high insurance coverage are the foundation of any effective response to successful health system challenge. However, given the relevance of the need to widespread the lessons learned from this manuscript to the world population and to different institutions around the world, we deemed it necessary to translate this research into seven different languages which include English, French, Russian, Arabic, Indian, Japanese and Chinese.

  • Current Topics and Emerging Issues in Chemical Science Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of chemical science. The contributions by the authors include emulsion, lecithin, lewis acid salt, Debye-Hückel limiting law, Ionic activity coefficient, molecular docking, aminopyridines, density functional theory, molecular geometry, ion–hydrophilic interactions, hydrophilic–hydrophilic interactions, two-phase liquid – solid particles system, mixing and dispersing principle, clay extraction discharge rate, purified sand humidity, power consumption, corrosion inhibition, Langmuir isotherm, superoxide radical anion, cyclic voltammetry, electron spin resonance spectrum, proton-coupled electron transfer, cyclometallated iridium(III) complexes, photophysical features, light-emitting electrochemical cells. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of chemical science.

  • Techniques and Innovation in Engineering Research Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of Engineering Research. The contributions by the authors include cohesive zone modelling, j-integral, finite element analysis, crack growth, adhesive joints, epoxides, polyurethane, fracture mechanics, alternative fuel, gasoline engine, emissions, brain wave, microcontroller, microsleep, sleep alert, fault tolerant control, signal reference output regulation controller, constant reference output regulation controller, additive fault observer, actuator fault observer, open pit-mine exploitation, probability level, risks matrix, security, andesite, abrasion resistance, compressive strength, controlled permeability formwork, rebound number, telemedicine, zigbee-based traffic clearance system, and light emitting diodes. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Engineering Research.

  • Fundamental Research and Application of Physical Science Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of physical science. The contributions by the authors include exhaust gas temperature, spark ignition engine, turbine inlet temperature, engine performance, Meissner effect, dark matter, remote sensing, satellite, cosmic radiation, hydraulic jump, model, visual basic, froude number, critical flow, subcritical flow, supercritical flow, dielectric properties, nanocomposite, surface plasmon resonance, outdoor lighting, Vega starlight, candlelight, gelatin sensor, gelatin thin film, refractive index, polarization, electrochemical, biocompatible materials, PSHA coatings, plasma treatments, argon plasma, polarization, ray tracing, light-trapping, heliostat field design, real axis integration, finite difference time domain, staggered grid scheme, ring-source, azimuthally-orthogonal-point-sources, wave modes, tangent hyperbolic, nanofluid, micropolar fluid, thermal radiation, nanoparticles, magneto hydrodynamics. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of physical science.

  • Toxicology with Food Safety in Vietnam

    Food always has an important meaning for human health, using unhygienic and unsafe food can be poisoned. Understanding the causes of food poisoning and prevention measures is essential to protect the health of yourself, your family and everyone in society.

    Food toxicology is the study of the nature, behavior and effects of Toxicology, Toxicology in the field or related to the food sector.

    Toxins, food toxins that cause food poisoning, can appear in 2 ways: -Toxins and toxins are available in foods (in bamboo shoots, mushrooms, tapioca, or accumulate through exchange and absorption of nutrients from soil, water, and air).- Foreign toxins infect food through raw materials, processing, preservation and even during use (such as E.coli, Coli form, dust, bacteria, fungi, contaminated water...)

    Food poisoning, also commonly known as food poisoning or food poisoning, is a pathological manifestation that appears after eating and drinking and is also a phenomenon in which people are poisoned, poisoned by eating or drinking certain foods. foods that are contaminated, contaminated or contain toxic substances or foods that are degraded, rancid, with preservatives, additives... it can also be considered as a food-borne disease, which is the result. consequences of eating contaminated food. In other words, food and drink contain toxins, toxins, exceeding the allowable food safety limit.

    People with food poisoning often manifest through clinical symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, fever, abdominal pain.... Food poisoning is not only harmful to health (can lead to death).  but also makes people mentally tired and spends money.

    The main cause of food poisoning is eating or drinking food that has been contaminated or contaminated with chemicals (heavy metals, mycotoxins...) or toxins transmitted through the food chain.

    According to experts on food safety and hygiene, summer food poisoning is often caused by food contaminated with microorganisms (bacteria, parasites), because the high summer temperature is favorable for microorganisms to multiply and develope.

    In particular, foods derived from animals such as meat, eggs, fish, and milk are rich in protein, which is easy to become a good environment for microorganisms, especially pathogenic bacteria, to grow, and then the foodstuffs will become healthy. The food turned into poison.

    Infectious diseases caused by microorganisms, food-borne toxins, or food poisoning caused by chemicals or by ingesting poisonous leaves, fruits, mushrooms and fungi, etc., are common all over the world. gender. It is estimated that in the United States alone, more than 75 million cases occur annually, causing about 5,000 deaths each year.

    Along with the strong development of industry, agriculture, commerce, service, economy, people's food needs are increasingly demanding. But no matter how high, sophisticated, or complicated the food needs of humans, the raw materials (or origins) to make that food are still plants and animals on earth. The strong development in all fields of people, especially industry and agriculture, sometimes, if not every day, has a negative impact on the earth's environment, which means effects on flora and fauna. These effects can be seen very clearly such as the mass death of animals, the reduction of forests... but they can also be silent and dangerous effects such as the creeping and accumulation of toxic wastes. in the food chain and in our everyday food. So there have been many cases of acute poisoning, death or unrecognizable cases, and then some time later the cancer was incurable.- Food poisoning (referred to as food poisoning - NDTP) has been studied for a long time and studied a lot. But with the perspective of Food Toxicology, we will learn the origin and status of poisoning through the food chain or through food and its effects on humans and the community, in order to protect health from the very beginning not happen.

    Food toxicology is a branch of science that is concerned with toxins, toxins, their generation or infection and their harmful effects, as well as not forgetting to mention the prevention and control of poisoning.

    There are three concepts that always go together:

    • Food poisoning

    Food poisoning is a medical condition that occurs due to eating or drinking contaminated food with substances that are harmful to human health. Food poisoning usually manifests in two forms: acute poisoning and chronic poisoning:-Acute poisoning: usually manifests about 30 minutes or days after eating contaminated food. Manifestations of poisoning with these foods are: passing loose stools many times a day, abdominal pain, nausea or vomiting continuously, fatigue, irritability, headache, dizziness, dizziness, ... Acute toxicity is usually caused by ingestion of food contaminated with microorganisms or chemicals in large quantities.

    -Chronic poisoning: there are usually no obvious signs after eating contaminated food, but the toxins contained in this food will accumulate in parts of the body, affecting the body's processes. metabolism of substances, disorders of absorption causing weakness, prolonged fatigue or other chronic diseases, sometimes toxic substances cause cell changes and cause cancer. Chronic poisoning is usually caused by eating food contaminated with chemicals continuously for a long time.

    Food poisoning refers to all diseases caused by pathogens present in food. Foodborne illnesses can be divided into two groups:

    + Diseases caused by poisons (poisonings): Diseases are caused by toxins, which can be caused by microorganisms, raw materials, chemicals from livestock, farming and processing.

    + Infections: Food-borne infections are caused by the presence of pathogenic bacteria in food, bacteria that enter the body by the digestive tract and affect the body, due to the presence and its own poisons. 

    • Food safety

     Food safety is understood as the ability of food not to cause poisoning to humans. The cause of food poisoning is not only in pathogenic microorganisms but also expands to chemical substances, physical factors. Possibility of poisoning is not only in the food but also in a pre-harvest production process. In a broad sense, food safety is also understood as the ability to provide adequate and timely food in both quantity and quality when a country encounters natural disasters or other reasons.

    • Food hygiene

     -Food hygiene is a scientific concept to say that food does not contain pathogenic microorganisms and does not contain toxins. In addition, the concept of food hygiene also includes other contents such as organization of hygiene in transporting, processing and preserving food.

    Food hygiene and safety should be understood as any measures and efforts to ensure that ingested food does not cause harm to the health of consumers. The purpose of food safety, after all, is to prevent acute food poisoning or cumulative poisoning from contaminated food. Therefore, food hygiene and safety is a job that requires the participation of many related industries, from processing to production, preservation and use. For users, having basic knowledge of food and food hygiene and safety is the best way to protect themselves and their families' health.

    It should also be added that, the above three concepts seem to be relatively independent of each other, but in some cases they are identical "Three in one".

    The book Toxicology and Food Safety was born to serve lessons in universities or for experts to refer to.

    There may be many mistakes, omissions, omissions, sincerely hope to receive comments from readers.

  • Coping with Demanding Situations, Social Intelligence and Personality of a Manager

    Prediction of human behavior is one of the essential requirements of practice in relation to scientific disciplines. In the context of work, one of the most important factors is the managerial position. The effective work of managers is significantly related to the development of the entire system, which includes a continuum from a specific person, through the organization, to the growth of the entire company. On its quality depends not only the fulfillment of the needs of the managers themselves, but also the fulfillment of the needs of their colleagues, subordinates, the needs of the organization in which they work, and, as we have already mentioned, also the fulfillment of the needs of the entire company. They are managers who not only manage specific processes, but also provide strategic visions for the future and thus ensure the development and progress of the entire company system.

    Selection of people for managerial positions is therefore one of the most important activities that we encounter in the organization. It is necessarily based on exact, sophisticated procedures that enable the prediction of successful managerial work. Predictors include a varied mosaic of different characteristics, indicators and are represented by requirements for education, work experience and personality traits. The solution to the problem of prediction of managerial behavior is closely related to the efficiency of the work of managers, one of the essential questions to which attention is paid in the context of managerial work.

    In this publication, on the basis of the presentation of theoretical and methodological knowledge related to managerial work, the questions of predicting the behavior of managers when coping with demanding situations are solved from the point of view of selected attributes of social intelligence and personality traits of managers. Readers can familiarize themselves with the results of the research project with an emphasis on measuring the ways of coping with demanding situations, social intelligence and the personality of the manager in the conditions of managerial work. The aim of the monograph is, based on the theoretical development of the issue, to enrich knowledge and to contribute, both theoretically and methodologically, to solving the problems of predicting the management of demanding situations in the context of managerial work. The project of the research part of the monograph is aimed at specifying the links between social intelligence, personality traits and ways of coping with demanding situations in managerial work.

    Knowledge about the WBMW questionnaire, the CSI and COPE methodologies, which make it possible to predict the behavior of managers in demanding situations, is presented to experts from practice, as well as to the general public. At the same time, the publication also provides knowledge about the use of other methodologies aimed at identifying and specifying selected personality traits of managers, which are related to coping with demanding situations. In the publication, the IAS methodology for determining the interpersonal traits of managers and the Big Five methodology, which allows managers to be characterized on the basis of five essential, general dimensions of personality are also presented. Readers can also familiarize themselves with the TSIS and MESI methodologies, which can be used to determine the attributes of managers' social intelligence.

    The whole concept of the publication is based on specifying the links between the selected antecedents and consequents, that is, on the results of analyses between personality traits, social intelligence and ways of coping with demanding situations by managers. The research results presented in the publication acquaint the readers with more theoretical and methodological knowledge, but also with their practical application in managerial work. The author of the publication believes that the knowledge presented will enrich the knowledge of the professional and lay public and will contribute not only to increasing the efficiency of managerial work, but also to understanding the position of a manager, both in terms of the necessary prerequisites for performing this position, as well as in terms of the difficulties that managers have to overcome.

  • Current Overview on Disease and Health Research Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of Disease and Health Research. The contributions by the authors include native banana starch, digestible corn starch, obesity, continuous glucose monitoring, resistant starch, glycemic variability, glycemic control, type 2 diabetes, endocrinology, metabolism, hypothyroidism, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, levothyroxine, deiodinase, physiology, cancer, lifestyles, public health, genetic, vertigo, menieres disease, betahistine, gentamicin, labyrinthectomy, eschar, meningoencephalitis, orientia tsutsugamushi, scrub typhus, weil–felix test, health systems, immunity,  vaccination, dystonia, movement disorders, antipsychotic agents, mental health, and COVID-19 pandemic. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Disease and Health Research.

  • Research and Applications Towards Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of mathematical and computer Science. The contributions by the authors include cloud computing, computing resources, network resources, CRM application, fixed point, fuzzy metric space, mathematical models, finite difference method, transmission conditions, two-interval boundary-value problem, interior singular point, real time data and active device, internet of things, artificial intelligence, authentication systems, fingerprints, anti-spoofing, software-based liveness detection, Zipf’s Law, Benford’s Law, Planck’s Law, max entropy, transmission control protocol, data transmission, Internet bandwidth, optimization, link-load balancer, fuzzy taxonomic structures,  cybercrime, fuzzy set theory, fractional derivative, diffusion equation, Soft-core processor, sensor networks, Wireless Sensor Networks, RSOC technology. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Mathematical and Computer Science.

  • Progress in Chemical Science Research Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of Chemical Science. The contributions by the authors include thiadiazol, acetylacetone, aromatic aldehyde, schiff base, sustainable energy, renewable energy, biofuel, semi-batch reactor,  phenolic acid, flavonoid, anthraquinone, antimicrobial activity, essential oil, pyrrole carboxamide binol conjugates, chiral recognition, amino acids, chiral inversion, 1H-NMR, potassium chloride, potassium bromide, potassium iodide, l-proline, ion-solvent interaction, density functional theory, CO2 molecule, surface of carbonate, vibrational frequency, secondary polyethylene terephthalate, alcoholysis, polycondensation, physical and chemical properties, cross-linking monomers, unsaturated polyesters, physical and mechanical properties, carbon nanotube, iron fibers, and phenol formaldehyde resin. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Chemical Science.

  • Neurorehabilitation in Neuro-COVID

    The pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID) 19 provoked many health problems in all countries, including Bulgaria. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) includes symptoms with diverse levels of severity of different systems: respiratory, cardiovascular, nervous, etc.

    All these symptoms altered the quality of life of patients. In every clinical case, rehabilitation is needed – during or after the acute stage, and in cases of sequelae of severe and critical forms of COVID: respiratory alterations, cognitive and neurological disorders; deconditioning; critical illness-related myopathy and neuropathy; dysphagia; joint stiffness and pain; psychiatric problems.

    Many acute and chronic neurological issues were considered as consequences of COVID-19: ischaemic stroke, inflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders (encephalomyelitis, leucoencephalitis, Guillain-Barre syndrome and chronic demyelinating polyneuropathy, relapses of Multiple sclerosis, Parkinsonism; cognitive impairment, post-intensive care syndrome (PICS), Memory, attention and sleep problems; Brain fog, Post-traumatic stress syndrome, Depression and Anxiety.

    Neurological manifestations of coronavirus are considered a public health emergency of international concern.

    Physical and Rehabilitation medicine (PRM) may be useful for functional recovery and amelioration of autonomy in activities of daily living (ADL).

    Elements of the PRM algorithm or neurorehabilitation (NR) algorithm include: kinesitherapy (KT: exercises, massage), preformed physical modalities (electric currents, magnetic field, light), ergotherapy (ET: activities of daily living), thermo/balneo/peloido-therapy (paraffin, mineral waters, therapeutic mud, fango), patient education (medicaments, physical activity, diet, control of risk factors).

    Ultimately, contemporary information and communication technologies (ICT) were introduced in the rehabilitation practice. We use Exoskeletons, virtual reality, robotic rehabilitation with Locomat (Hocoma system for balance and gait training) and ThyroMotion system (for grasp training). We consider introduction of robotics as necessary tool in the process of neurorehabilitation.

  • Colon Drug Targeting: Overview on Physico-Chemical Aspects

    The rapid increasing demand of colon targeted drug delivery from industries, academician, scientist, research scholars and students has encouraged author(s) to inscribe this authored reference book. The author(s) were delighted to take this opportunity in this arena for those professionals whom needed for updated information and sound knowledge on applied drug delivery systems and applications in pharmaceuticals and other allied science subjects. A great care has been taken during content preparation of the proposed manual book which is thoroughly based on new syllabus for the purpose to fulfill the requirements of our professional community. The proposed book is based on systematic overviews on the proposed topics for colon drug targeting and physico-chemical parameters with proper citations wherever necessitated. This subject provides us numerous versatile applications including pharmaceutical, biomedical, biotechnology, food production, dairy, commercial production, etc. That can also be utilizing for the purpose of manufacturing of life-saving drug products in our pharmaceutical industries such as vaccines, antibiotics, insulin, vitamins, proteins and enzymes.

    The provided content in reference book is divided into six chapters along with suitable tables and figures in very coherent language and that had almost covered the new syllabus efficiently. At the beginning, introduction part had been included for our scientists, students and scholars that will help them for complete awareness about drug delivery systems and applications respectively. This may possibly help them to acquired depth knowledge into the said area of interests. The book also included various informative tables and figures presented in an explicatory and simplified manner, wherever required. Each and every chapter gets started with overview of the topic and then included all those possible aspects in a well systematic and interesting manner for complete guidance and fulfillment of needs of our readers.

    Authors also feels that the book will not only covers our scientist, scholars, under graduate or post graduate students, but may also may be going to serve and share knowledge to our allied medical fields including biotechnology, basic microbiology, molecular biology, etc. also at the same time.

    We sincerely thankful to our senior teachers Prof. A.C. Rana, Prof. S.P. Vyas, Prof. V.K. Dixit, Prof., N.K. Jain, Prof. G.P. Agrawal, Prof. R.K. Agrawal, Prof. Abhay Singhai, Prof. D.V. Kohli, and others for their kindness, blessings, help, support and guidance. In the last but not the least, we greatly acknowledge to our colleagues of our respective organization whom helped and contributed to bring out the book timely before our readers.

    We invite constructive suggestions, if any, from our reader’s behalf for further improvement of this book for which authors shall be in-depth thankful. 

  • Recent Trends in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of arts and social studies. The contributions by the authors include teaching pedagogy, formative assessment, subjective-interpretivist, ideological approaches, sustainable development goals, economic growth and development, context-specific analysis, employing violence, industrial development, paradigm shift, Religious orientation, pro-religious values, single customs territory, early colonial integration, global trade, EAC logistics, ognitive dissonance, psychological well-being, marketable commodity, socio-cultural landscape, Somalia politics, organisational effectiveness, strategic employee management, competitive advantage, sustainable competitive advantage. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of arts and social studies.

  • Colon Drug Targeting: Overview on Dosage Form Designing and Evaluation Aspects

    The rapid increasing demand of colon targeted drug delivery from industries, academician, scientist, research scholars and students has encouraged author(s) to inscribe this authored reference book. The author(s) were delighted to take this opportunity in this arena for those professionals whom needed for updated information and sound knowledge on applied drug delivery systems and applications in pharmaceuticals and other allied science subjects. A great care has been taken during content preparation of the proposed manual book which is thoroughly based on new syllabus for the purpose to fulfill the requirements of our professional community. The proposed book is based on systematic overviews on the proposed topics for colon drug targeting, dosage forms and evaluation parameters with proper citations wherever necessitated. This subject provides us numerous versatile applications including pharmaceutical, biomedical, biotechnology, food production, dairy, commercial production, etc. That can also be utilizing for the purpose of manufacturing of life-saving drug products in our pharmaceutical industries such as vaccines, antibiotics, insulin, vitamins, proteins and enzymes.

    The provided content in reference book is divided into four chapters in very coherent language and that had almost covered the new syllabus efficiently. At the beginning, introduction part had been included for our scientists, students and scholars that will help them for complete awareness about drug delivery systems and applications respectively. This may possibly help them to acquired depth knowledge into the said area of interests. The book also included various informative scientific matters in an explicatory and simplified manner, wherever required. Each and every chapter gets started with overview of the topic and then included all those possible aspects in a well systematic and interesting manner for complete guidance and fulfillment of needs of our readers.

    Authors also feels that the book will not only covers our scientist, scholars, under graduate or post graduate students, but may also may be going to serve and share knowledge to our allied medical fields including biotechnology, basic microbiology, molecular biology, etc. also at the same time.

    We sincerely thankful to our senior teachers Prof. A.C. Rana, Prof. S.P. Vyas, Prof. V.K. Dixit, Prof., N.K. Jain, Prof. G.P. Agrawal, Prof. R.K. Agrawal, Prof. Abhay Singhai, Prof. D.V. Kohli, and others for their kindness, blessings, help, support and guidance. In the last but not the least, we greatly acknowledge to our colleagues of our respective organization whom helped and contributed to bring out the book timely before our readers.

    We invite constructive suggestions, if any, from our reader’s behalf for further improvement of this book for which authors shall be in-depth thankful. 

  • Introduction to Building Climatology in Tropical Region

    The book titled - Introduction to Building Climatology in Tropical Region became very necessary as it will educate students and the professional practitioners in the field of Architecture and built-environment on the impact of climatic factors on buildings and the inhabitant’s comfort. The book is an elementary study of building climatic factors as it affects the built-environment. It is very insightful and has successfully captured the issue of climate as related to the tropics by itemizing and discussing its various influence on buildings and the users thereby given useful design tips and professional methods of ensuring desirable buildings in the tropical environment.

    The book tackles and gives suggestion on how to mitigate and adapt to the climatic challenges affecting buildings in the tropics, importantly, in the Nigeria context. The book came with a very short, concise and details of the building climatology that is requires by the students of Architecture and built-environment as choice lecture materials for building effective functionality and sustainability.

    The book is a good mixture of scholarly discourse and hilarious presentation embellished with self-explanatory sketches, figures and diagrams that captures the current reality of buildings and built-environment in Nigeria as related to other tropical environment.

  • On the Atomic Carcinogenic Mechanism and Cure for Cancer: Ferrochemistry for Cause of Warburg Effect

    The books origin is an attempt to understand quantum mechanics and applications of this understanding of quantum mechanics in new phenomena like cancer.  Why is it important to describe the new relativistic quantum mechanics of RB Little?  Because the new enzymatics describing cancer are based on such new quantum mechanics.  The 100th anniversary of Quantum Mechanics (QM) is during this time 2022-2023 and I write this book celebrating the 100th birthday of quantum mechanics by describing how luminous and superluminous motions and thereby relativity explain QM and couples QM to nuclei and to surrounding larger frame of C Frame of (Poincare Frame) for better understanding biology and life and malfunctions of life by cancer.

    Cancer has been a mystery and it seems cancer has accelerated during the 20th century and continues to accelerate into the 21th century.  But why?  This book attempts a new molecular, atomic, electronic and nuclear basis of cancer in new ways based on luminous and superluminous motions of leptons of electrons and quarks for ultra-relativistic quantum mechanics for differing physical and chemical and thereby biological properties of stable isotopes of H, C, N, O, Mg, P, S and other stable isotopes of significance in living organisms. The author’s prior notions of superluminous motions of fields and/or fermions in continua states (plasma like) within atoms and nuclei having multiple electromagnetic waves with electrons and electric and magnetic fields manifesting discontinua of electrons described by wavefunctions is supported by recent observations of superluminous motions in plasma excited by lasers.

    Schrodinger and Einstein inspire me; as Schrodinger and his quantum mechanics and theory of life based on quantum mechanics and Einstein his relativity, respectively, together seem not coupled but coupling I find basis of life and malfunctioning of life as by cancer.  Quantum mechanics has been a mystery over its 100 years of existence.  The author reasoned during last 20 years that not enough classical physics has been incorporated to understand quantum mechanics, in particular motions (luminous and superluminous motions of irrationalities) and relativity and as motions of charge is magnetism (and the author reasons novel magnetism by faster than light motions), magnetism and new magnetisms intrinsically inspires the author for understanding quantum mechanics.  The author thinks that there is not enough magnetism in quantum theory and structure of atom and magnetisms involve motions and magnetisms that connect to relativity and motions and how such superluminous motions may couple quarks, hadrons, nuclei, leptons and electrons in new way of understanding and further couple atomic size to macrosize for coupling quantum mechanics to classical mechanics.  As by understanding superluminous motions in nuclei the fractional fissing occurs to cause the surrounding quantum fields and the quantum fields in some atoms can manfest dissipative phenomena for life and altered particles and denseness in nuclei can cause malfunctions of life for diseases like cancer.  This book is inspired by all such possibilities in the authors reasoning.  

  • Research and Developments in Engineering Research Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of engineering research. The contributions by the authors include porous media, Porosity, fraction, Viscosity of water, soil remediation, Hough transforms, lane detection, lane tracking, warning systems, Engine Control Unit, microcontroller, microprocessor, incineration combustion efficiency, waste incineration, hydropower plants, renewable energy, hydraulic turbine, switching impulse, electrostatic discharge, unit hydrograph, ungauged, watershed, Geographic Information System, image processing, idle time, construction equipment, digital imaging equipment, electrical resistivity, Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids, bingham-schwedoff fluid, viscoplastic, yield stress, turbulent flow, heat transfer. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of engineering research.

  • New Frontiers in Physical Science Research Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of Physical Science. The contributions by the authors include general relativity, cosmological constant, dark energy, dark matter, zinc oxide, yttrium oxide, resistivity, jacobi elliptic potential, QES analytic method, generic vector, invariant vector space, helium atom, dirac equation, relativistic quantum mechanics, variational methods, hylleraas method, semi analytic solutions, chaos, nonlinear systems, deep learning, fractional capacitor, fractional order unit, fractional derivative, laplace transform, memory effect, nyquist’s diagram, curie-von schweidler law, loss tangent, magnetized plasma, electric charge, neutrinos, photon interaction, wigner-type experiments, bell-type experiments, quantum contextuality, quantum nonlocality, matter wave, wave-particle duality, group velocity, non-dispersive propagation, and relativistic convey. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Physical Science.

  • New Advances in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical science. The contributions by the authors include kinematics, Caton–Deschamps index, physiopathology, early pregnancy, autopsy, intraspecific similarity, ontogenes, cell ensemble, ontogenetic program, non-chemical gene interaction, genetic analysis, non-high-density lipoprotein, coronary artery disease, metabolic diseases, pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic models, drug-resistance, colorectal cancer, polyp, deep learning, computer-aided diagnosis, musculoskeletal rehabilitation, acute pain, chronic pain syndromes, pain pathways, pharmacological and non-pharmacological management, pharmacovigilance, pharmaceuticals, COVID-19 Symptoms, mental health, physical functioning, skin cancer, breast cancer, early non-invasive diagnostic, os odentoideum, harms technique, supraglottis, vascular endothelial low-grade neoplasia, pegylated liposomal doxorubicine, kaposi sarcoma. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical science.

  • Current Innovations in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of Medicine and Medical Science. The contributions by the authors include oxidative stress, sulfhydryl groups, K-ATPase, history of dentistry, crash cart, resuscitation, dysplasia, cervical intra epithelial neoplasia, pyometra, hysterectomy, squamous metaplasia, post menopausal women, COVID-19 infection, lymphopenia, RT-PCR test, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, P-53 gene, CD-5 receptor, non-hodgkin malignant lymphomas, richter syndrome, plyometric exercise, jumping performance, dynamic balance, traumatic brain injury, anxiety disorder, agoraphobia, panic disorder, road traffic accident, pancreaticoduodenal artery, pancreas, duodenum, splenic vessels, Visual acuity, fibrin glue, intraocular lens, implantation, intraocular pressure, posterior chamber, pars plana vitrectomy,  scleral fixated intraocular lens, noonan syndrome, webbed neck, general anaesthesia, difficult airway management, breast cancer, treatment modality, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, ovarian neoplasms, ultrasonography, CA-125 antigen, awareness, and menstrual hygiene practices. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Medicine and Medical Science.

  • Current Innovations in Disease and Health Research Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of disease and health research. The contributions by the authors include alpha-mangostin, nanoparticles, cholangiocarcinoma, cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell invasion, cell migration, child abuse, psychological problems, sexual assault, floating knee, polytrauma, Cauchoix-Duparc classification, traumatology, coronavirus, aerosol transmission, disease Control and prevention, complementary foods, mineral analysis, soft tissue mobilization,  non-invasive treatment, manual therapy, Parkinson’s disease, conventional physiotherapy, nursing process, pediatric dentistry, temporomandibular disorders, autism spectrum disorder, neurologic development, intertrochanteric fracture, trochanteric fixation nailing, morbidity, indoor pollutions, human health hazards. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of disease and health research.

  • Cutting Edge Research in Biology Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of Biology. The contributions by the authors include infestation, longhorned beetles, in vitro propagation, organogenesis, medicinal plant, nodal explants, gum production, acacia species, megachiropteran, bat–plant interdependence, dietary preferences, endemic, benefit cost ratio, biopesticides, insecticides, pod borer,  moneizia,  infection intensity, artistic medal, genetics, history of biology, Mendel’s laws, aqueous extract, methanolic extract, acetone extract,  green technology, aquaponics, hydroponics, environment, and  aquaculture. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Biology.

  • Development of an Agricultural Mechanization Model Based on After-sales Service in Southern Africa

    There is a plentiful of arable land in Africa and South Africa. Africa remains the region all over the world with the lowest power usage and the lowest level of agricultural mechanization (Daum and Birner 2019; Makini et al. 2020). As the development of cross-border e-commerce and economy progress, more and more Chinese farm equipment has been sold in Africa and South Africa. As of now, one of the most significant problems that trap the farmers and users in Africa and South Africa is after-sales service. However, many researchers focus on agricultural mechanization in Sub-Sahara Africa (Mrema, Kienzle, and Mpagalile 2018; Makini et al. 2020). Few academics are concentrating on the risk reduction of after-sales service of agricultural machinery in Africa and South Africa, which is largely beneficial to the sustainable agri-machinery enterprise as well as agricultural economic growth. This research aims to meet this gap mentioned above. This research aims to develop a risk reduction model of after-sales service on Chinese agricultural machinery in South Africa.

    The information on arable land and agricultural mechanization in Africa and South Africa will be shown in the literature review. The development process of Chinese farm machinery, the status quo of export on the farm machine as well as Chinese agricultural equipment in Africa and South Africa will be addressed in the literature review. Furthermore, the detailed knowledge of the after-sales service of agricultural machinery and risk management will also be elaborated in this part.

    This study's research methodology is an explanatory research method and design in which quantitative data will be collected and analyzed first, followed by qualitative data collection and analysis. The research population in this study includes staff, workers, directors, managers, CEOs as well as presidents who work at agricultural machinery enterprises. The government officials, staff, fellows, directors who research agricultural machinery and provide the service, information and knowledge for agri-machinery users have also been involved in this study. Meanwhile, the research population consists of academics, including professors, doctors and researchers whose study is about after-sales service of agricultural machinery or the relevant. On the other hand, the small-holder farmers or users who make use of farm machinery in both South Africa and China as well as other relevant people who know the after-sales service of agricultural machinery are also in the probe of the study population. Seven hundred thirty-nine closed-end questionnaires have been collected in Shandong province and Henan province in China. Due to the Covid-19, we cannot gather the questionnaires in South Africa. Furthermore, focus-group interviews have been conducted in South Africa and China.

    The principal axis factoring (PAF) with Promax rotation is employed to analyze the factors that influence the research's agricultural machinery's risk reduction. Bartlett's Test of Sphericity was highly significant at a p-value of 0.05, implying that the data is suitable for the factor analysis. Furthermore, the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy (KMO) was 0.903 and was more significant than 0.500, implying that the sample was adequate for the factor analysis. The result shows that experts (0.879), spare parts (0.841), and timely repair (0.823) are revealed to be the top three high loading factors that impact the risk reduction of agricultural machinery. A multiple regression analysis (MRA) is utilized to analyze the data collected from the structured questionnaires. Evidence from this study suggests that combining these financial resource factors have a large effect (F2 = 0.802) on the after-sales service of farm equipment. An analysis of the data using the structural equation modeling (SEM) procedure shows relative contributions of a better understanding of risk reduction for after-sale services on agricultural machinery. From the standardized estimates, the study reveals that all the hypotheses have been supported. Finally, the risk reduction model of the after-sales service has been certified by means of the method employed mentioned above. Furthermore, the thematic content analysis is employed to analyze the data from the focus-group interviews conducted both in South Africa and China.

    In conclusion, the findings obtained from the questionnaires and focus-group interviews do indeed meet the research questions and validate the objectives largely. The risk reduction of agricultural machinery can facilitate sustainable agri-machinery enterprises that can enhance and improve the agricultural economic growth. Finally, this research provides an empirical contribution to the socio-economic sphere and literature via which it can benefit the South African and Chinese agricultural economy and policy-making sector.

  • Colon Drug Targeting: Overview on Formulation Excipient Aspects

    The rapid increasing demand of colon targeted drug delivery from industries, academician, scientist, research scholars and students has encouraged author(s) to inscribe this authored reference book. The author(s) were delighted to take this opportunity in this arena for those professionals whom needed for updated information and sound knowledge on applied drug delivery systems, formulation carrier systems and applications in pharmaceuticals and other allied science subjects. A great care has been taken during content preparation of the proposed manual book which is thoroughly based on new syllabus for the purpose to fulfill the requirements of our professional community. The proposed book is based on systematic overviews on the proposed topics for polymers for colon drug targeting and dosage formulation excipients with proper citations wherever necessitated. This subject provides us numerous versatile applications including pharmaceutical, biomedical, biotechnology, food production, dairy, commercial production, etc. That can also be utilizing for the purpose of manufacturing of life-saving drug dosage forms in our pharmaceutical industries.

    The provided content in reference book is divided into sixteen parts along with suitable tables and figures in very coherent language and that had almost covered the new syllabus efficiently. At the beginning, introduction part had been included for our scientists, students and scholars that will help them for complete awareness about drug delivery systems and applications respectively. This may possibly help them to acquired depth knowledge into the said area of interests. The book also included various informative tables and figures presented in an explicatory and simplified manner, wherever required. Each and every chapter gets started with overview of the topic and then included all those possible aspects in a well systematic and interesting manner for complete guidance and fulfillment of needs of our readers.

    Authors also feels that the book will not only covers our scientist, scholars, under graduate or post graduate students, but may also may be going to serve and share knowledge to our allied medical fields including biotechnology, basic microbiology, molecular biology, etc. also at the same time.

    We sincerely thankful to our senior teachers Prof. A.C. Rana, Prof. S.P. Vyas, Prof. V.K. Dixit, Prof., N.K. Jain, Prof. G.P. Agrawal, Prof. R.K. Agrawal, Prof. Abhay Singhai, Prof. D.V. Kohli, and others for their kindness, blessings, help, support and guidance. In the last but not the least, we greatly acknowledge to our colleagues of our respective organization whom helped and contributed to bring out the book timely before our readers.

    We invite constructive suggestions, if any, from our reader’s behalf for further improvement of this book for which authors shall be in-depth thankful. 

  • Novel Aspects on Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of pharmaceutical research. The contributions by the authors include anti-inflammatory activity, flavonoid, toxicity, herbal medicinal products, hyperlipidemic effects, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, oxidative stress, environmental pollution, haematological parameters, biochemical parameters, health hazards, Ibuprofen's ability, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, atherogenesis, hypolipidemic efficacy, cerebral malaria, rheumatoid arthritis, antioxidant defense, ayurvedic medicine, cardiovascular diseases, therapeutic effectiveness, agrochemical products, drug traceability, pharmaceutical serialization, geopolitics, chromatographic separation, inflammation, Cholesterol biosynthesis, plasma cholesterol, physical fitness, tumour cells, malignancies, Diabetes mellitus, protein metabolism, retinopathy. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of pharmaceutical research.

  • Current Innovations in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of Medicine and Medical Science. The contributions by the authors include peritoneal cavity, automated microscope-based screening, oral smears, fanconi anemia, supervised machine learning, computer assisted diagnosis, grading prostate cancer, cancer cell detection, angioleiomyoma, blood vessel, smooth muscle cells, bioethics, rehabilitation,  physical medicine, cuticular lipids, hypertension, cardiac metabolism, abdominal tuberculosis, postoperative complications, intestinal tuberculosis, small bowel obstruction, triple negative breast cancer, mitochondrial dynamics, anti-androgens, androgen deprivation therapy, enzalutamide, flutamide, hookworm infection, computed tomography, hydrocephalus, ventricles of the brain, chronic headache, and botulinum neurotoxin type A. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Medicine and Medical Science.

  • New Advances in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical science. The contributions by the authors include GABAergic neurons, GABA-transaminase, Cerebrovascular accident, Bell’s Palsy, Ramsay Hunt syndrome, autologous platelet, therapeutic strategies, Poor ovarian reserve, platelet rich plasma, ectatic coronaries, spontaneous recanalised, acute coronary syndromes, coronary artery ectasia, distal embolization, neurodegeneration, cerebrospinal fluid, leukocyte protective ability, metabolism, homeostasis, bronchial wash, induced sputum, post bronchoscopy sputum, pulmonary tuberculosis, cancer moonshot, wound healing, cancer therapy, hematological cancers, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, overlap syndrome, crescentic glomerulonephritis, subarachnoid hemorrhage, eclipta prostrate, anti-urolithiatic activity, tissue adhesions, peritoneal closure, small bowel obstruction, Alpha-lipoic acid, oxidative stress, inflammation, diabetes mellitus, diabetic neuropathy, canal curvature, heat treatment, cyclic fatigue, neoendo flex, osteoarthritis,, acupuncture, knee arthroplasty. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical science.

  • Comprehensive Characterization of Nitrogen-Doped Zinc Oxide Thin Films Produced by Metalorganic Chemical Vapour Deposition (MOCVD)

    The synthesis and characterization of various wide band gap metal oxides nanostructures and thin films has continued to attract great interest due to their size, morphology-related properties, and their emerging applications in novel functional devices. Recently, research and development of alternative energy technologies, such as low cost flat-panel solar cells thin film devices, and many other innovative concepts have increased. ZnO is an important multifunctional material which has received great attention during the last few years due to their unique applications in all fields of human endeavor. There is ever-increased focus on its application in microelectronic and optoelectronic devices, and for self-assembled growth of three-dimensional nanoscale and thin film systems.

    Zinc oxide having a direct band gap of 3.37 eV and an exciton binding energy (60 eV) higher than those of ZnS (20eV) and GaN (21eV), is of interest for various high tech applications, such as optical devices, solar cells, piezoelectric devices, varistors, surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices, and gas sensors. Zinc oxide nanostructures have the potential to significantly improve the performance and durability of certain devices used in areas of importance: energy production and homeland security. There is also another vital class of properties of ZnO nano and micro structures, its tribology; but these will be dealt with in another discourse.

    ZnO can be easily doped to n-type, but is difficult to dope to p-type. With all the highlighted critical factors in view, the present work is based on the seamless production of p-type nitrogen-doped zinc oxide thin films through metalorganic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD), and their comprehensive characterization. This is envisaged to project further, the versatility of ZnO on the science and technology domain.

  • Novel Aspects on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of Chemistry and Biochemistry. The contributions by the authors include indazole, antimicrobial activity, tetrachloroethylene, environmental protection agency, degradation, complete dichlorination, molecular characterization, polymorphs, slow evaporation method, antibacterial activity, oxidative stress, creatininemia, uricemia, red blood cell, cytoplasmic membranes, anaerobic co-digestion, biogas, agriculture residue, cattle manure, wheat straw, kinetic study, antibacterial studies, cytochrome P450, oestrogen receptor genes, uterine fibroids, uterine leiomyoma, oestrogen genes, paper electrophoretic technique, overall mobility isoleucine, metal complexes, stability constants, schiff bases, hydroxy propiophenone, transition metal complexes, molar conductance, molecular weight, electrophoresis, organic solvent tolerant, purification, and characterization. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Chemistry and Biochemistry.

  • Current Overview on Science and Technology Research Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of Science and Technology. The contributions by the authors include stepped spillway, skimming, nappe flow regime, professional education, distance learning, creative abilities, soft skills, e-learning, resource sharing, online teaching, higher education, COVID-19, food consumption, peroxidation products, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, caramelization, internet of things, gadgets, adaptive algorithm, LMS algorithm, analog signal path, digital signal processing, analog filters, liquid chromatography, retention mechanism, protein drugs, preparative scale resolution, chromatographic cake technology, bioplastic, phycocolloids, optical injection, frequency switching, mode locking, hydration, hardening, structure formation, information interaction, nucleation, hereditary features, porosity, protonation, and hydroxylation. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Science and Technology.

  • Novel Perspectives of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of geography, environment and earth sciences. The contributions by the authors include potassium adsorption and desorption, clay minerals, cation exchange capacity, climate change, adaptation, women’s knowledge and awareness, crop productivity, soil nutrients, ecological purity, ecological deterioration, geosophy, genetic homogeneity, coastal marine ecosystems, sedimentation, coral reef, mining technology, rock massifs, tectonic processes, radioactive metals, medical waste management, pharmaceutical products, sustainable land management, remote sensing, wildlife poaching, ecological processes, fossil fuels, alternative energy sources, soil fauna, biopesticides, soil microbes; synthetic compounds, commercial growth.  This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of geography, environment and earth sciences.

  • A Handbook on Healthcare Applications

    The aim of this book is to make the young researches to have a clear understanding of classification problems. It is written based on my research experience in healthcare classification applications. Instead of reading many research papers; this book gives a basic knowledge about healthcare applications.

  • Novel Aspects on Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of Pharmaceutical Science. The contributions by the authors include asthma, interleukin-13, inhalational steroid, periostin, atractylodes lancea, herbal medicines, phytonutrients, metabolizing enzymes, pyrazole derivates, anti-inflammatory agents, human red blood cell, anti-inflammatory activity, piperine, bioperine, biomarker, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor, inflammation, pulmonary, c-reactive protein, antidiabetic, michelia champaca bark, \(\alpha\)-amylase, \(\alpha\)-glucosidase, high-performance liquid chromatographic, adulterant, male erectile dysfunction, antibiotics, dairy industry, antimicrobial resistance, heat treatment, antibiotics residues, human health, psoriasis, signaling pathways and immunomodulation. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Pharmaceutical Science.

  • Activated Carbon: Advances in Research and Application

    Recent years have seen an enormous interest among the researchers in the production of activated carbon by using different precursors. In this book, special attention was paid to the latest research findings about the applications and the properties of activated carbon. The obtained activated carbon showed higher surface area and porosity to remove heavy metal, dye compounds, undesired pollutants, unpleasant odor and taste. Several types of activated carbon such as granular, powdered and pellet forms could be used in medicine, gases and water purification. This book is recommended for engineer, chemist, material scientist and postgraduate students.

  • New Advances in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical science. The contributions by the authors include procalcitonin, biomarker, colorectal cancer, Chinese eye exercises, visual impairment, myopia, gastrointestinal surgery, post-operative systemic inflammatory response, metabolic syndrome, pulmonary function test, forced vital capacity,  insulin resistance, spinal schwannomas, giant schwannomas, interdisciplinary surgery, chondroid syringoma, mixed tumor, cutaneous neoplasm, multimorbidity, Global health equity, COVID 19 infection, kidney transplant patients, immunosuppressed patients, antiproliferative drugs, isolated gastrointestinal symptoms, trapezium fracture, screw fixation, McCune-albright syndrome, precocious puberty, amenorrhea, fibrous dysplasia, visceral artery aneurysm, superior mesenteric artery, endovascular techniques, cervical cancer, acute respiratory distress syndrome, general anesthesia, airway management, laryngeal mask airway, mucormycosis, diabetis mellitus, oral submucous fibrosis. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical science.

  • Current Innovations in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of Medicine and Medical Science. The contributions by the authors include x-ray radiography, computed radiography, cost benefit analysis, epidemiology, malaria, motor vehicle traffic accidents, methyl-donors, complementary therapy, cancer patients, diabetic complications, glycemic control, neuroimaging, depression, electroconvulsive therapy, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, implant exposure, post-traumatic, pancreatitis, laparoscopic cystogastrostomy, Endoscopy, percutaneous drainage, breast cancer, pathogenesis, pathophysiology, carcinogens, healthy diets, enzyme supplement, snakebite, venom, post-mortem, reproductive health, obstetrical emergency, and maternal health. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Medicine and Medical Science.

  • Research Highlights in Disease and Health Research Vol. 9

  • Current Aspects in Business, Economics and Finance Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of Business, Economics and Finance. The contributions by the authors include Fishery economics, fishing determinants, fishing sustainability, electricity demand forecasting, stochastic time-series, ARIMA, exponential smoothing, artificial neural networks, support vector regression, genetic algorithm, econometrics, motivational theories and model, employees’ retention, hertzberg’s theory, mission models, geographic information system, financial stability, liquidity, earning capacity, employee engagement, employee performance, productivity, employee turnover, job satisfaction, panel DEA approach, bootstrapping DEA panel data approaches, and  entrepreneurial activities. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Business, Economics and Finance.

  • Multidisciplinary Approaches in Pharmaceutical Sciences

    Multidisciplinary approaches in pharmaceutical sciences have gained significant recognition and importance in recent years. This approach involves integrating knowledge and expertise from various fields such as chemistry, biology, pharmacology, engineering, and computer science to address complex challenges in drug discovery, development, and delivery. By combining different disciplines, researchers can explore new avenues for drug design, identify novel therapeutic targets, and develop innovative drug delivery systems. For example, computational modeling and bioinformatics techniques enable the prediction of drug-target interactions and optimization of drug structures, leading to more efficient and targeted therapies. Furthermore, nanotechnology and biomaterials offer promising solutions for enhancing drug stability, solubility, and controlled release.Multidisciplinary collaboration also facilitates a comprehensive understanding of drug action and safety, integrating pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, toxicology, and clinical research. By considering diverse perspectives, pharmaceutical scientists can develop safer and more effective drugs, tailored to individual patients or specific disease conditions. Overall, multidisciplinary approaches in pharmaceutical sciences foster innovation and accelerate advancements in the field, ultimately improving patient outcomes and revolutionizing the pharmaceutical industry.

  • New Frontiers in Physical Science Research Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of Physical Science. The contributions by the authors include Faraday’s homopolar generator, rotating reference system, electromagnetism in non-inertial systems, faraday’s experiment, lorentz force in a rotating system, blue photons, Rayleigh scattering, stratosphere, troposphere, dielectric liquids, dielectric constant, organic dye, organic cavitand, onsager’s reaction field, solvatochromic effect, relativity, particle physics, coulomb’s law, pair production and annihilation, infinite mass, constancy of the speed of light, Einstein’s correction, quarks, early universe, diagrams of scattering, power law, non-debye relaxation, relaxation rate distribution, Curie-von Shweidler law, laplace integral, Zapf’s law, molecular nanoelectronics, energy gap, tunneling models, molecular junction, self-assembled monolayer, blue phase liquid crystals, optical anisotropy, dielectric anisotropy, and photonic technology. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Physical Science.

  • Current Topics on Business, Economics and Finance Vol. 7

  • Current Overview on Science and Technology Research Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of Science and Technology. The contributions by the authors include Additive noise, image lossy compression, optimal operation point, visual quality, Endo-1,4-\(\beta\)-Glucanase, Purification, Emulsion fuel, biodiesel, additives, diesel engines, Integrated participatory approach, housing, residential satisfaction, agroindustry, life cycle analysis, environmental impact, rheological property, relaxation function, Surface-groundwater, ditch-drain, sloping aquifer, water table, Boussinesq equation, Breastfeeding, cognitive development, bender visual motor gestalt test, and raven colored progressive matrices. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Science and Technology.

  • Perspectives on the Future: Research and Innovation in Giant Magnetoresistance Material

    In the last decades, many books or monographs have been published related to Giant Magnetoresistance materials and their application due to the advantages of this material, especially in the Internet of Things era. This volume aims to give a “Perspectives on The Future of Research and Innovation in Giant Magnetoresistance Material”. From bulk properties until modification of the thin film and provide a novel phenomenon at the level nanometer scale. The application example was also offered in many areas. Advanced technology such as Ion beam irradiation or ion implantation is now also used to aggregate metals and semiconductors into nanoclusters with novel properties. Special attention is given to modifying CVD-Diamond Film for near-future application in Quantum Computing since the Ion Implantation technique could create Nitrogen Vacancies (NV) in CVD_Diamond.

    It is a pleasure to thank the management of the National Agency of Research and Innovation (BRIN)-Indonesia for all support until this manuscript is ready to be published. 

  • Current Topics on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of Chemistry and Biochemistry. The contributions by the authors include nonlinear reaction-diffusion, potentiometric biosensor, asymptotic methods, new homotopy perturbation method, anti-tyrosinase, anti-elastase, stem bark, lipocalins, biomarker, lipocalin-2, anti bacterial activity, kidney diseases, electron tomography, missing wedge, isotropic resolution, posteriori expectation maximization, electron microscopy, endosomal multivesicular body, cryo-electron microscopy, methanol, electrolyte, thermodynamic free energy, dissociation constant, actin filaments, actin proteolysis, subtilisin, salt-induced stabilization, C-terminus, actin-associated myopathy, D-dulcitol, D-sorbitol, ionic strength, essential oil, antimicrobial activity, subclinical hypothyroidism, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and ELISA. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Chemistry and Biochemistry.

  • Cutting Edge Research in Biology Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of Biology. The contributions by the authors include nanobiology, nanomedicine, metal nanoparticles, spin supercurrent, model of superfluid physical vacuum, energetic coupling, zero resistance, cross-bridge cycle, muscular efficiency, muscular fatigue, substrate utilization, muscular energetics, glucose oxidation, fatty acid oxidation, entropy production, negative entropy, cotton stem weevil, plant survival, emergent properties, complexion, physical reduction, symmetry breaking, bosonic condensation, electrodynamic coherence, stimulus-response relationships, semantics, teleology, causality, biological sense, somatic embryogenesis, cell culture, totipotency, plant hormone, callus culture, gene technology, osmotic stress, plant structures. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Biology.

  • Current Innovations in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of Medicine and Medical Science. The contributions by the authors include conservation of energy, physiology, oral pyogenic granuloma, reactive hyperplasia, granuloma gravidarum, pregnancy tumor, spinal cord injury, nanostructure, nanodentistry, dental restoratives, nanorobot, rheumatoid arthritis, extra-articular manifestations, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs therapy, RA mimickers, head injury, road safety, mesenchymal stem cells, periodontal ligament stem cells, clinical psychology, abdominal thrust, choking, food bolus, heimlich maneuver, resuscitation, angiogenic imbalance, cerebral aneurysm, vascular involvement, subarachnoid hemorrhage, vasculitis, Neuro-Behçet syndrome, prostate cancer, and circulating tumor cells. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Medicine and Medical Science.

  • Research Advances in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of Microbiology and Biotechnology. The contributions by the authors include biosciences, biotechnology, bioethics, catalase,  purification, enzyme characterization, bacteriocins, serum cholesterol, fermentation, lactobacilli, crop production, organic, mineral compounds, endophytic fungi. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Microbiology and Biotechnology.

  • Challenges and Advances in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 10

    This book covers key areas of Pharmaceutical Research. The contributions by the authors include endometrial cancer, Histopathology, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, p53 and p16 alteration, Wnt/\(\beta\)-catenin signaling pathway, HER2/neu alteration, Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, tucatinib, degradation pathways, supersaturable SNEDDS, precipitation inhibitors, solubility, cancer, nanodrugs, nanotechnology, anterior pelvic tilt, low back pain, therapeutic plants, phytomedicine, antimicrobial resistance,  bacterial infections, bioenhancers, CYP enzyme inhibitors, inhibition of P-gp efflux transporter, piperine, naringin, foot reflexology, hemodialysis, anxiety, hemodialysis patients, papaya seed extracts, antibacterial activity, antifungal, inflammatory bowel disease, chemically induced colitis, dextran sulfate sodium, trinitro benzene sulfonic acid, acetic acid-induced colitis, oxazolone-induced colitis, indomethacin-induced colitis, and carrageenan-induced colitis. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Pharmaceutical Research.

  • Computing Multivariate-Weighted Consumer Price Index: An Application Manual in R

    Motivation for Writing this Manual

    Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures changes in prices of goods and services.  It is used for determining inflation and standard of living of persons in countries across the globe. CPI utilizes weights obtained from Household Expenditure Surveys (HES). Laspeyres’ index utilizes weights obtained in a base year, while Paasche’s index computes indices using current year weights. To compute an ideal index, such as the Fisher’s Ideal Index (FII), base and current year weights are needed, which then requires two surveys to be conducted – one in the base year and another at the time of index computation (in the current year). This way, consumption expenditures within the period are adequately captured. So, it is common knowledge in literature to have an ideal index bounded by the Laspeyres’ and Paasche’s indices. This solves the main problems associated with index numbers, which are formula and weight biases.

    However, time and cost involved in attempting to generate weights for both current and base years make it almost impossible for practitioners to generate weights for base and current years, which is why the fixed base-year weighting approach is adopted, despite its known bias. The suggested remedy is to have weights reviewed frequently, but that further worsens the time and cost implications.

    Meanwhile, a concept of multivariate analysis of price data provides a conduit to generate weights conveniently for consumer price indexing. This is possible because price datasets are usually multivariate in the first place. The approach will require that weights are generated from the same price data, making it possible to generate both base and current year weights conveniently at the same time without having to conduct HES. This will eliminate the widely reported weight and formula biases. The proposed method was developed in previous works led by this author, validated and proved to be most efficient when compared with the expenditure-based weighting system. An additional advantage of the suggested approach is that it helps to retain variability in the resultant index.

    Objectives of this Manual

    Hence, the objectives of this manual is to:

    1. Highlight the main problems of weight and formula biases in index numbers;
    2. Provide detail and historical background to the various index formulas;
    3. Establish the theoretical underpinning of the proposed multivariate weighting method for indexing;
    4. Provide R algorithms for computing index using the multivariate weighting method under stated scenarios. This is important since the computations involved in adopting the new weighting approach are laborious.

    Significance of the New Weighting Approach

    This manual provides an R algorithm for potential users of the proposed alternative weighting scheme to conveniently compute Consumer Price Index (CPI) using the new approach. The approach, apart from the fact that it is an attempt to fill the gap in literature created due to the weight and formula biases, also allows for variability in price items to be duly incorporated in the resultant index. This is important because the overarching essence of inflation, in the first place, is to measure changes in set of price variables whose variability differ.

    Further, because weights would be computed from the same price data, there would not be the problem of having to deal with challenges associated with the credibility of expenditure data and/or the unrepresentativeness of same.  Essentially, the new approach can be applied to price data at any time of the year, without having to conduct household expenditure survey with its accompanying time and financial commitments. Yet another advantage of the new approach is that the dilemma of re-basing and its associated challenges would no longer exist. Hence, the proposed multivariate approach to weighting would be beneficial to statistics practitioners, academia, governments and the research community in general.

    To academia and practitioners, the new methodology adds to the knowledge in official statistics by introducing a new multivariate weighting scheme distinct from what exists currently. Additionally, the approach helps in pulling much information about the internal structures within price data and can better report inflation. Thus, the method sought to promote the overall essence of indexing for ranking and comparison purposes, especially where variations exist in data points.

    To policy formulation and implementation by governments, the methodology proposed in this manual would serve as an alternative in the field of index numbers for large set of data and can be used by National Statistical Agencies for computing consumer price index. In addition to the core benefits stated hitherto, the method provides an opportunity to determine and label (if possible) factors that explain the correlation of price variables with additional information on possible latent price variables that affect price movements.  

    Lastly, the multivariate weighting approach can be adopted in other areas of life (for example in financial markets and in performance indexing) where weight are computed for indexing.

     Key Features of This Manual

    The manual consist of four chapters with each chapter having its own synopsis presented at the beginning of the chapter. Chapter one introduces the index number problem and a summary of the various problems associated with indexing and their implications. Chapter two presents detail historical backgrounds to index numbers, their associated problems, and the deduction of the consumer price index formula from popular index numbers. Chapter three introduces the various multivariate concepts and their linkage to indexing.  All computations done in the manual were done with the help of the R statistical software programming language. The R codes and function written for the various computations and results are presented in chapter four.

  • Current Overview on Colon Specific Drug Delivery

    The rapid increasing demand of colon specific drug delivery from industries, academician, scientist, research scholars and students has encouraged author(s) to inscribe this authored reference book. The author(s) were delighted to take this opportunity in this arena for those professionals whom needed for updated information and sound knowledge on applied drug delivery systems and applications in pharmaceuticals and other allied science subjects. A great care has been taken during content preparation of the proposed manual book which is thoroughly based on new syllabus for the purpose to fulfill the requirements of our professional community. The proposed book is based on systematic overviews on the proposed topics for colon drug targeting, physico-chemical parameters, drug absorption, role of polymers in delivery systems etc. with proper citations wherever necessitated. This subject provides us numerous versatile applications including pharmaceutical, biomedical, biotechnology, food production, dairy, commercial production, etc. That can also be utilizing for the purpose of manufacturing of life-saving drug products in our pharmaceutical industries such as vaccines, antibiotics, insulin, vitamins, proteins and enzymes.

    The provided content in reference book is divided into six chapters along with suitable tables and figures in very coherent language and that had almost covered the new syllabus efficiently. At the beginning, introduction part had been included for our scientists, students and scholars that will help them for complete awareness about drug delivery systems and applications respectively. This may possibly help them to acquired depth knowledge into the said area of interests. The book also included various informative tables and figures presented in an explicatory and simplified manner, wherever required. Each and every chapter gets started with overview of the topic and then included all those possible aspects in a well systematic and interesting manner for complete guidance and fulfillment of needs of our readers.

    Authors also feels that the book will not only covers our scientist, scholars, under graduate or post graduate students, but may also may be going to serve and share knowledge to our allied medical fields including biotechnology, basic microbiology, molecular biology, etc. also at the same time.

    We are thankful to our senior teachers for their kindness, blessings, help, support and guidance. In the last but not the least, we greatly acknowledge to our colleagues of our respective organization whom helped and contributed to bring out the book timely before our readers.

    We invite constructive suggestions, if any, from our reader’s behalf for further improvement of this book for which authors shall be in-depth thankful. 

  • Research Highlights in Science and Technology Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of Science and Technology. The contributions by the authors include superintelligence, freedom, creativity, cultural mutation, creative hand, intelligence of need, functional, axiological, liberating intelligence, harmony, radiomics, feature extraction pryradiomics, medical image, image acquisition, image segmentation, feature extraction, mass spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry, quadrupole, additives; resolution, quasistatic thermogravimetry, static thermogravimetry, dynamic thermogravimetry, energy saving, bioinspiration, innovative technological applications, net -zero buildings, drug-related problems, antiplatelet, polypharmacy, co-morbidities, cardiovascular disease, acute coronary syndrome, energy vehicles; traction battery, agrifuture growth strategy, renewable energy for carbon neutrality, cellulose nano fiber, bio-plastics, nano bubble water, aerospace auditing, quantitative relationship, atomic theory, mathematical abstraction, thought experiment, service-oriented computing, web-services, cloud computing, services Repository, contract inspection mechanisms, inspection of public contracts, federal public agencies. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Science and Technology.

  • Research Aspects in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of arts and social studies. The contributions by the authors include conservation, management practices, sustainable development, wildlife management, plagiarism, academic studies, academic plagiarism, European Court of Human Rights, General Assembly of the Supreme court of Appeals, emotional intelligence, work stress, social nature, mindfulness, social networks, social communication, quantum theory, solidarity, togetherness and a holistic approach. professional networking, gender equality, social media, Ubuntu philosophy, Social Welfare Organizations Colonialism, corporatism, journal accreditation system, child sexual abuse, child crime. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of arts and social studies.

  • Recent Trends in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of arts and social studies. The contributions by the authors include creative democracies, intelligence of need, functional and axiological, liberating intelligence, creative hand, mutation of humanity, cooperation for development, China’s bilateral aid policy, democratic law execution, revival of race by law, control of democratic crimes, electromagnetic unification of four forces, current land law, economic development, Haitian flag, flag symbolism, national symbolism, cultural heritage, commercialization, historical significance, evolutionary advantage, bipolar opposition, carnival culture, sexual lives, transactional sex, home gardening, language arts classroom, leadership role, organizational impact. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of arts and social studies.

  • Current Advances in Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of geography, environment and earth sciences. The contributions by the authors include bioplastic, industrial waste, agricultural waste, biodegradable materials, petroleum-based plastics, tensile energy, solubility, spray drying, water activity, water absorption index, water solubility index, tidal resonance, quarter-wavelength theory, Taylor method, topography effect, large semidiurnal lunar amplitudes, anti-nodal bands, urban design, carbon management, ecosystem services, land use and land cover, agro ecosystem,  biodiversity loss, mangrove degradation, ponds conversion. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of geography, environment and earth sciences

  • Corporate Social Responsibility and Shareholders’ Wealth of Listed Manufacturing Firms on the Nigerian Exchange Group PLC (NGX)

    This very important book is timely as it principally focuses on the economic and social dimensions of corporate social responsibility. The book has demonstrated that, one important factor which currently influences the development of corporate institutions, corporate value and corporate image is corporate social responsibility. Consequently, social responsibilities to society, employees, suppliers, customers, tax authorities and lenders and their effects on shareholders’ value are considered in the book. It has also been established in the book that it is an economic responsibility for companies to respond to their shareholders’ expectations by providing a reasonable return on investment and by improving society’s and employees’ welfare through payment of taxes and salaries respectively. It is a must read for Directors and Leaders of corporate social responsibility, and all who are directly concerned with the planning and execution of various corporate social responsibility projects. Students who are currently undergoing their master’s degree programmes in corporate social responsibility will also find the book useful. It will serve as an additional academic materials for Lecturers, researchers and students of sustainability accounting. Finally, top business schools globally who offer CSR studies in the areas of business, public policy and ethics will also find the book useful.

  • Correlates of Common Sleep Disorders among Adults Attending the Family Medicine Department of the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Kwara State

    1.1 BACKGROUND

     Sleep disorder complaints are highly prevalent in primary care population. The cumulative effects of sleep disorders have been associated with a wide range of clinical and socio- economic consequences. Despite this, sleep disorders are under diagnosed, under-reported and under treated. This is more significant in sub-Saharan Africa where there is a dearth of research on sleep disorder in primary care settings.

    1.2 OBJECTIVE

     To screen adults 18 years and above for sleep disorders and determine their socio-demographic and clinical correlates.

    1.3 METHOD

     A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to April 2011 in the general outpatient clinics of the Family Medicine Department, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria. Data was collected from 405 respondents using a structured questionnaire. The Global Sleep Assessment Questionnaire was used to screen for sleep disorders while the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used to detect respondents with anxiety and depression. Questionnaire was interviewer administered by the researcher and data analyzed using SPSS 15 Statistical package.

    1.4 RESULTS

    The overall prevalence of sleep disorders irrespective of type was 84%. Insomnia (55.6%), Excessive daytime sleepiness (46.9%), Parasomnia (35.3%) and Obstructive sleep apnea (34.1%) were the most common types of sleep disorders in this study. Sleep disorder generally was not significantly associated with socio-demographic factors but was more common among civil servants, males and the older age groups. Increasing age was significantly associated with excessive daytime sleepiness and obstructive sleep apnea, while female gender was significantly associated with excessive daytime sleepiness. Anxiety, depression, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, pain, joint problem, were significantly associated with the common sleep disorders.

    1.5 CONCLUSION

     This study showed that sleep disorders are common in the primary care population especially in this environment. They are also significantly associated with common clinical conditions seen in the general outpatient setting. Screening for sleep disorders among primary care population especially those with anxiety, depression, pain, joint problems, obesity, diabetes mellitus and hypertension is therefore very important to the family physician to be able to care adequately for the varied patients seen in clinical practice.

  • Novel Aspects on Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of pharmaceutical research. The contributions by the authors include adipocytokines, insulin resistance, BMI, adiponectin, autism spectrum disorder, comorbidity, neurodevelopmental disorders, psychiatric problems, anti-epileptic drugs, epilepsy, muscular contraction, vilsmier-haack reaction, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, green synthesis, thermal evaporation, biocompatibility, synthetic additives, ZnO nanoparticles, human immunodeficiency virus, CoV pneumonia, non-hydrolysable tannins, chemotaxonomy, phytoconstituents,   pharmacology, primary metabolites, antimycotic activity, mucormycosis, dermatophytosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, sustained release theophylline, double-development, metformin, hyperglycemia, antiplasmid activity, antibiotic resistance, agarose gel electrophoresis, communicable diseases, vancomycin-resistant bacterial infections, nano bubbles, therapeutic agent, drug transporter, systemic inflammation, cytokines, theophylline. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of pharmaceutical research.

  • Cutting Edge Research in Biology Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of Biology. The contributions by the authors include chitosan solution, rice production, common brown backed rice plant hoppers, mitochondrial genome, phylogenetics, internal amino acid, carbon domain, protein pattern, carbon value, green synthesis, CuO nano particles, X-ray crystallography, fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet., gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, protein-ligand docking, methanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate, phytochemicals properties, Species diversity, seagrass, fly species, apparent density, multiple linear regression models, environmental factors, phenolic spiroketone, cytotoxic activity, cancer cell lines, aging, epigenetic, housekeeping genes, integrative genes, rejuvenation, cytotoxicity mechanism, mitochondrial electron transport chain, and mitochondrial permeability transition pore. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Biology.

  • New Advances in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of Medicine and Medical Science. The contributions by the authors include nocardiosi, myasthenia gravis, immunosuppressed, antibiotics, squamous, metaplastic, radical mastectomy, diabetes mellitus, noncommunicable diseases, bioactive polymers, polymer composites, germanium-titanium-\(\pi\), arteriovenous fistula, blood flow, erectile dysfunction, hemodialysis, mycobacterium, tenosynovitis, granuloma, cutaneous tuberculosis, split thickness skin grafting, penetrating abdominal trauma, ureteric transection injury, partial empty sella turcica syndrome, sheehan syndrome, necrosis of pituitary gland, chronic pain, disability, acute pancreatitis, lipase, insulin, glucagon, metabolic acidosis, liver abscess, hypnosis, neurolinguistic programming, anxiety, phobia, obesity, atherogenic coefficient, anthropometric indices, auvelity, alzheimer’s disease, aging, NMDA antagonist, glutamatergic excitotoxicity.This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Medicine and Medical Science.

  • Research Aspects in Chemical and Materials Sciences Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of Chemical and Materials Sciences. The contributions by the authors include adsorption isotherms, adsorption kinetics, hexavalent chromium, analytical instruments, machine learning application, thin films, scanning electron microcopy, uniform surface, hexaferrites, solution combustion, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer, transition metal chalcogenide, rhombohedral phase, hexagonal phase, exfoliation technique, hydrothermal procedure, porous silicon carbide ceramics, corrosion, thermal shock, mechanical strength, microstructure, internal matter, carbon value, and intermolecular association. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Chemical and Materials Sciences.

  • Research Highlights in Disease and Health Research Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of disease and health research. The contribution by the author includes genetics, orthodontics, monozygotic twins, respiratory distress, birth asphyxia, organoleptic evaluation, fixed partial denture, financial issues, education, oral health, sleep quality, ICSD-defined symptoms, sleep disorders, cardiovascular disease, pre-eclampsia, hypothyroidism, health systems, health-impacting conditions, neonate, sepsis, cytokine storm, multi-system inflammation, subclinical infectious cases, infectious disease, energy drinks, pulmonary artery pressure, genetic haematological disorder, pulmonary hypertension, diastolic dysfunction, transfusion-dependent thalassaemia, hand hygiene compliance, hemihyperplasia, hemipigmentation, leg-length discrepancy, revascularization, dental caries, bacteriological profile. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of disease and health research.

  • Immune Cell Functions in Human SARS-COV-2 Virus Pneumonia

    Covid-19 pandemic spread in almost all, all over the globe countries. Millions have been affected and millions died. The situation necessitate international efforts of medical internists epidemiologists, immunologist, and vaccine technologist. Four main preventive vaccine versions were becoming in hand for human mass vaccination within one year after the pandemic spread. So far concerning immunology of the disease. Scientists early in the pandemic starts to assess humoral immunity suitable for sero-diagnosis and sero-therapy of the disease as well as tempting and still tempting to developing the covid-19 valid preventive vaccines. Currently, cell and lymphocyte immunologists take the forefront position in covid-19 research. They articulate cellular immunology, flow cytometery, single cell RNA sequencing, mass transcriptomics, proteomics and cell –cell inter-actomics for tracing lymphocyte immunotypes and the allied cell type interactions. As well as their roles in; the pathogenesis, immune-pathogenesis, and disease outcome prediction.The objective of the present book was focusing onto the; ontogeny, biology, molecular biology, immuno-typing of immune cells and their roles in covuid-19.In which the latest  information were collected, analyzed and formatted as series of opinion papers. Lymphoid, lympho-myeloid and myeloid cell lineages for lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes as well as their mature forms are forming the backbone of human and mammalian immune system. The function of the immune system is mainly to recognize and destroy foreign invaders via a tripartite responses as; innate, immune cross-roads and adaptive immune responses. Immune cells the subject of the present book were assigned to these three immune system arms. The book is intended to  be of use for immunology students, researchers and health professions.

  • Fundamental Research and Application of Physical Science Vol. 6

  • Current Overview on Science and Technology Research Vol. 10

    This book covers key areas of Science and Technology. The contributions by the authors include GT composite boards,  physical and mechanical properties, thermal characterizations, soil water retention curve, hydraulic conductivity, diffusion coefficient, unsaturated soils, cyber security,  information privacy, it infrastructure, risk assessment, sensitive medical data, energy management, energy conservation, sustainable development, energy audit, energy-thrift schemes, sustainable transport, augmented reality, object registration, vanishing point, particle filter, earning per share, market price, price earnings ratio, price to book value, dividend per share, NSE India, GPS, ultrasonic sensor, water sensor, microcontroller, geopolymer, curing time, and curing temperature. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Science and Technology.

  • Microbiota and Dysbiosis of the Human Digestive Tract - Health Consequences

    The microbiota of the human digestive system is represented by a complex ecosystem with a diverse and highly developed microbial community consisting of hundreds of different species. They live together in harmonic and dynamic equilibrium in the human organism. The symbiotic relationship between humans and microbes has developed over millions of years, permitting them to thrive in their biophysical habitat. Rapid transformations in human lifestyles can reshape the microbiome with unknown consequences for health and predisposition to diseases. The immune system facilitates a complex interaction between the environmental microbial world and the indigenous human microbiome.

    The human digestive tract microbiota is an important component of the human body and is closely linked to both human health and disease. Interactions that occur between this complex microbial ecosystem and host organism are now the focus of medical interest, as the number of diseases associated with dysbiosis is increasing. The book offers some key aspects of the role of human digestivetract microbiota in the formation of health as well as the importance of dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of different diseases. Chapters are focused on the formation and composition of microbiota at different ages, alterations in different parts of the digestive system, and factors that cause dysbiosis, highlighting the impact of dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of different diseases.

    This book contains a compilation of existing points of view and knowledge, collected from various evidence-based scientific publications and is intended for students of all levels of different medical and biomedical study programs, physicians, and readers interested in these issues.

  • Current Perspectives in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of Agriculture and Food Science. The contributions by the authors include banana fibres, fibre extraction, environmental safe, mycotoxins, toxigenic fungi, claviceps, aflatoxins, trichothecene, ochratoxins, fumonisins, patulin, zearalenone, food supplement, cocoa waste, fortifying substance, baked products, flour, drying kinetics, sweet potato, moisture content, hot tray air dryer, numerical simulation, mathematical model, flavonoid, inflammation, cytotoxic, food assistance infrastructure, and soil protection technologies. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Agriculture and Food Science.

  • Emerging Issues in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of agricultural sciences. The contributions by the authors include adaptability analysis, cultivar recommendation, vermicompost, residual effect, nutrient retention, electrical conductivity, rice harvest technique, fungal isolates, pathogenic isolates, aquasource hydrogel, economic efficiency, heterosis, heterozygosity, ARIMA model, organic fertilization, land productivity, plastic films,  weed control, herbicide, yield, grain protein content, serpentine leaf miner, polyphagous fly,  lipid coatings, colloidal dispersion, antimicrobial nanoemulsion, organoleptic properties, hydrocolloids, microorganisms, population dynamics, hybrids, pollinations. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of agricultural sciences.

  • Unique Concepts and Features of Seismic Isolation Systems

    I wrote this book for my 70th birthday. This book is a retrospective of my work since 1993 on creation, development, and application of seismic isolation systems in construction of different types of new 1-20 story buildings, as well as strengthening and retrofitting of existing 3-9 story buildings.

    Due to these works, my country – Armenia is currently at the top level in the field of seismic isolation and being small and developing country Armenia stands side by side with powerful and advanced countries. I am proud of that! By the number of already constructed and retrofitted seismic isolated buildings per capita Armenia is second in the world after Japan. This fact is widely recognized by the international professional community. At the 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering in 2012 Prof.  Martelli, Dr. Forni, and Dr. Clemente (Italy) have stated: “It is worthwhile stressing that Armenia remains second, at worldwide level, and has the largest number of building applications of seismic isolation per number of residents, in spite of the fact that it is a still developing country”.

    What is the most important in this successful story of my country on application of seismic isolation technologies is that they bring to significant reduction of the cost of construction of new or retrofitting of existing buildings. The book provides a clear picture on how and why the created/invented by me seismic isolation technologies make Armenia, the developing and once a low-income country, the world leader in the application of low-cost seismic isolation.

  • Research Highlights in Language, Literature and Education Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of language, literature and education. The contributions by the authors include hierarchical clustering, text summarization, knowledge economy concept, skills and creativeness, school violence, bullying victims, general learning process,  usage and library resources, social media, integrated skills, task-based language teaching, grammatical precision, gross enrolment ratio, negotiated lesson plan, vocabulary knowledge, process-oriented syllabuses, national exam cheating, adolescent refugees, Austrian school system, heterogeneous classes, multi-level analysis, lacking interconnectedness, scholarship scheme, financial support system, academic scholarship, genetic grammars, chaotic configurations,  dynamic academic systems. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of language, literature and education.

  • Research Highlights in Language, Literature and Education Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of Language, Literature and Education. The contributions by the authors include school participation, education, students’ achievement, school facilities, COVID-19 pandemic, e-learning, performance expectancy, social influence, UTAUT model, digital library best practices, digitization strategies, school bullying, parental style, socioeconomic circumstances, virtual learning environment, man-machine-environment system, higher education and development, active learning, collaborative decision-making, life-long learners, problem-based learning, reflective critical thinking, self-directed learning, attitude, competency, knowledge, skills, phenomenology, and academic experiences. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Language, Literature and Education.

  • Current Perspectives in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of agriculture and food science. The contributions by the authors include technical efficiency, beniseed determinant, production, stochastic production frontier, green extraction methods, carotenoids, farmers’ livelihood strategies, homeostasis, dragon fruit, anthocyanins, cropping systems, farming systems, nutritional security, soil health, rice-based cropping system, crop horticulture-poultry farming systems, total flavonoid content, total phenolic content, lotkon and longan peels, sensory analysis, hygienic practice, honey production. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of agriculture and food science.

  • Techniques and Innovation in Engineering Research Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of Engineering Research. The contributions by the authors include cold formed steel, welding, axial strength, trifurcation, split flow ratio, optimum loss co-efficient, meridian flow, gas turbine, flow rate, absorption cooler, meridian flow, gas turbine, stream function, axial turbo machinery, building science education, high-performance housing, vapor retarders, internet of things, fog computing, security, blending,  long and short fibered, pulping,  natural convection, rayleigh number, nusselt number, fourier number, powder coatings, scratch hardness test, impact resistance test, building information modeling, drones, GPS, robotics, 3D printing, construction management, chaotic map, cepstrum distance, kasami sequence, and simplify lifting. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Engineering Research.

  • New Advances in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical science. The contributions by the authors include diarrhoea, bowel disease, visual analogue scale, patient counseling, annulus fibrous, umbilical sinus, umbilical abscess, umbilical discharge, Occult Hepatitis B virus, HBV vaccination, hepatocellular carcinoma, perinatal anxiety, thermogenesis, sympathetic ablation, pregnancy rate, pre-menstrual syndrome, duplication cyst, colocolic intussusceptions, laparoscopic hemicolectomy, antibiotic resistance, ribosomal inhibition, oral cancer, DNA damage, apoptosis, oxidative stress, occupational healthcare, health-care system, mental suffering, internalization, diabetes mellitus, gene polymorphism, Wnt/\(\beta\)-catenin signaling pathway, heart rate variability, autonomic nervous system disorder prognosis, eosinophilic pustular folliculitis, dermatologic disorders, vaccine mandates, humanistic psychology. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical science.

  • Perspective of Recent Advances in Medical Research Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of Medical Research. The contributions by the authors include corticolimbic system, cardiovascular disease, obesity, hypertension, pregnancy, psychotherapy, prostate cancer, biochemical failure, circulating tumour cells, minimal residual disease, HIV/AIDS, awareness, transmission, adenocarcinoma, mixed germ cell tumours, scrotum, seminomas, physical activity, body mass index, waist circumference, aggressive angiomyxoma, urination, stromal cells, angiogenesis, clubfoot, obstinate deformities trimorphic, skin contractures, triple surgical skin expanders, surgical techniques, arthrodesis, osseous coalitions, arthrogryposis, rope worm, enema, postural analysis, scoliosis, and spine x-ray examination. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Medical Research.

  • Research Highlights in Science and Technology Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of science and technology. The contributions by the authors include nanotechnology, thermal evaporation, solar cells, photovoltaic substrates, photosynthesis, migratory endoparasite, adhesive joint, peel loading, structural adhesive, cohesive zone models, radiation absorption, suction velocity, chemical reaction, viscous dissipation, perturbation law, particle swarm optimization, mean recall and mean precision, machine learning, k-nearest neighbors, cohesive zone models, impact loading, microstrip line, antenna technology, dielectric resonator, deep learning technology, image processing,  convolutional neural networks, cosine similarity, descriptors, Harris corner, Euclidian distance, polymers, low-stiffness adhesive, modulus of elasticity, wood structure modification, , finite element method, teaching methodology, e-Learning. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of science and technology.

  • Perspective of Recent Advances in Medical Research Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of Medical Research. The contributions by the authors include sleep habits, HIV/AIDS, sleep hygiene, gingival recession, tooth root, tunnel technique, sub-epithelial connective tissue graft, obesity, matrix metalloproteinases variants, microvascular reactivity, ligaplants, dental implants, tissue engineering, osseointegration, colorectal cancer, pulmonary hypertension, groups pulmonary vaso-reactivity testing, inhaled nitric oxide iNO, therapeutic drugs, pulmonary hypertensive  crises, antrochoanal polyp, follicular ameloblastoma, maxillary antrum, odontogenic tumor, breast cancer, lung metastases, senescence, COVID-19 pandemic, stroke prevention, stroke incidence, malignant otitis externa, granulation, otorrhoea, cholesteatoma, squamous cell carcinoma, embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, and carcinoid tumor. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Medical Research.

  • Research and Developments in Engineering Research Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of engineering research. The contributions by the authors include face recognition, attendance recording, convolution neural network, autonomous system, iris scanning, structural adhesives, aluminium joints, Six Sigma methodology, CAD/CAM technology, fused deposition modelling, cohesive zone models, finite element analysis, fracture mechanics, structural adhesive, market globalization, autonomous vehicles, GIS technology, sustainable development, multiphase induction motor, power electronics converter, multiphase motors, six phase induction motor, Cloud Based Integrated Bhulekh Model, Winkler’s model, coefficient of subgrade reaction modulus, ANSYS Workbench, global warming, dehydration processes, Maximum power point, algorithm, software, I-V characteristic, fill factor, solar energy, solar radiation, hardness, microstructure, corrosion resistance, telegraph equation, electric network, voltage variation, electrical transmission lines. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of engineering research.

  • Current Overview on Disease and Health Research Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of disease and health. The contributions by the authors include  polycystic ovarian syndrome, hormone secretion, McAuley index, Rotterdam criteria, Insulin resistance, homeostatic model, Type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, systemic hypertension, schizophrenia, psychological illness,  tuberculosis, Mumbai protocol, infection therapy, electronic health records, Internet of Things, healthcare services, obesity, Body Mass Index (BMI), Crohns disease, infectious diseases, cytotoxicity, antibiotic property,  immune system, autoimmune disease, therapeutic efficacy. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of disease and health.

  • Re-engineering Business Processes in the New Normal - The Business and Economic Development Post COVID-19 and the Restructuring of the Global Economy: Proceedings of 8th International Conference on Business and Management Dynamics

    This book discusses the re-engineering business processes in the new normal and from the perspective of business and economic development and the restructuring of the global Economy. The contributions by the authors include social capital and its impact SMEs in South Africa, the impact of Government policy on entrepreneurial activities, the perceived impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism in South African, The South African “EARS” context and the ap[plication of using social listening tool to mitigate the Global Health Infodemic, Accounting students’ perceptions of e-Learning during the COVID-19 pandemic, The mediating role of perceived social support for workplace bullying and psychological well-being, The effect of transformational leadership style on innovation behaviour among bank employees in South Africa during COVID-19; The impact of participative management structures in improving employee participation and employee involvement under conditions of developing a New Normal in Organisations, The relationship between marketing mix and customer loyalty in the FMCGs stores in South Africa, and Exploring perceptions of possible antecedents of effective corporate Governance in South Africa. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians.

  • Research Aspects in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of Arts and Social Studies. The contributions by the authors include heritage protection, urban conservation, historic values, sustainable design, Hegel's theory of State, philosophy of reason, national socialism, social science, sustainability, indigenous decolonization, growth mindset, fixed mindset, decolonization, education for sustainable development, culture, public services performance, musical composition, free bass accordion, contemporary music, projects’ hijacking, polluters, citizen journalism, conventional journalism, problematization, normativity, and curriculum ideology. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Arts and Social Studies.

  • New Advances in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical science. The contributions by the authors include anal fissure, lateral internal sphincterotomy, molecular docking, pharmacokinetics, molecular electrostatic potential, density functional theory, nucleoside agents, antiviral agents, glycated haemoglobin, obesity, vaginal delivery, pregnancy and childbirth, analgesia, motoneuronal excitability, demyelinating neuropathies, allergy and Infectious diseases, SARS-CoV-2, mental health, tuberculosis, painful oral ulcer, chronic solitary ulcer, hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy, rehabilitation, exercise therapy, diabetic ulcer, pathogenic organisms, healing process, hyperproliferative illness, traditional medical systems, maternal malnutrition, arterial supply, adrenalectomy, pulmonary embolism, vitamin B12 deficiency, thrombosis, hyperplasia, postmenopausal bleeding, menopausal bleeding. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical science.

  • Perspective of Recent Advances in Medical Research Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of Medical Research. The contributions by the authors include daytime sleepiness, end-stage renal disease, hemodialysis, insomnia, restless legs syndrome, sleep apnea, sleep disorders, chronic kidney disease, serum creatinine, thyroid hormones, gestational diabetes, hyperglycemia in pregnancy, non-communicable diseases, interuterine, neurological disorders, parkinson's disease, alzheimer’s disease, scoliosis, etiology, ovarian tumour, imprint cytology, non-epithelial tumour, ovarian neoplasia, apnea–hypopnea index, epworth sleepiness scale, medication error, tri-allelic patterns, thyroidectomy, neurogenic tumor, endobronchial schwannoma, bronchoscopy, sleeve lobectomy, HbA1c level, VEGF serum level, diabetic retinopathy, geriatric health, health protocols, osteoarthritis, dementia, non-pharmacological intervention, and cognitive stimulation therapy. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Medical Research.

  • Progress in Chemical Science Research Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of chemical science. The contributions by the authors include cation-exchanger, thermal and chemical stabilities, binary separation, water hardness, pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, Akaike index, antiarrhythmic drugs, biopharmaceutical classification system, Arrhenius plots, hyperparathyroidism, aliphatic alcohols, cyclic alcohols, transition metal ion catalysts, thermodynamic activation parameters, nanofibrous mat, electrospinning, Polyvinyl Alcohol, nanoclay, mechanical dispersion, wastewater treatment, coagulation, flocculation, polyphosphate-accumulating organisms, advance oxidation process, oxidation kinetics, diffusion barriers, kinetic models, Evans’ conceptual theory. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of chemical science.

  • Current Overview on Disease and Health Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of Disease and Health Research. The contributions by the authors include Covid-19 infection, vaccination, vaccine-hesitancy, sleep quality, physical inactivity, sleep duration, sleep apnea, malnutrition, nutric score, stress, anxiety, depression, dentistry, Connexin26, H9c2 cells, cardiomyocyte, extracellular vesicles, immunohistochemistry, breathing difficulty, methemoglobinemia, low carbohydrate/high protein diet, insulin resistance, obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, amputation, diabetes foot disease, peripheral artery disease, body mass index, and endocarditis. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Disease and Health Research.

  • Research and Applications Towards Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of mathematical and computer science. The contributions by the authors include Markov chain model, transition probability, blocking probability, transition probability matrix, exponential function, extorial function, differential equation, permutation matrix, positive integer, generalized fan graph, complex valued metric space, coupled fixed point theorem, contractivetype mapping, convolutional neural network, machine learning, Reynold’s equation, squeezed film pressure, hydromagnetic squeeze films, cybercrime, cyber thieves, DAG decomposition, harmonic centrality, harmonic centralization, elementary catastrophe theory, psycho-physics, negative Schwarz’ derivative. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of mathematical and computer science.

  • Recent Progress in Science and Technology Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of Science and Technology. The contributions by the authors include smart learning, education, fatigue fracture, cryogenic condition, energy disruptive spectroscopy, three-dimensional visualization, lithium metal, low-dose cryogenic electron microscopy, electron tomography, project management, artificial intelligence, data analytics, nuclear receptors, mineral-herb mixtures, hepatotoxicity, constructor of knowledge, teaching of mathematics, mathematical experiment, teaching experiment, activated sludge, calibration, semiconductor quantum dot, nanoparticles, cytotoxicity, apoptosis, necrosis, biodisposition, biocompatibility, embriotoxicity, gas mixture, detonation, shock wave, and imaging technology. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Science and Technology.

  • Research Developments in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 10

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical science. The contributions by the authors include anemia, infertility, neoplasms, periodontitis, periodontitis-systemic disease interactions, stereotyping, androgenetic alopecia, frontotemporal hairline, drug treatments, fermented foods, prebiotics, probiotics, skin microbiome, multisystem inflammatory syndrome, Kawasaki disease, mucocutaneous manifestations,  chronic myeloid leukaemia, myeloproliferative disorder, spontaneous hematoma, superior thoracic artery, axillary artery, median nerve, brachial plexus, ophthalmoplegia, tolosa-hunt syndrome, steroid treatment, arterial stiffness, cardiovascular diseases. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical science.

  • Techniques and Innovation in Engineering Research Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of engineering research. The contributions by the authors include fiber reinforced polymer composites, steel, bonded joints, structural behavior, finite element analysis, composite materials, electro-hydraulic servo valve, non-linear model, position control, flow forces, gaseous fuel, biodiesel, biogas, Health hazards, exhaust emissions, adhesive joints, structural adhesive, fracture toughness, mixed-mode, cohesive zone modeling, linear elastic fracture mechanics, autonomous underwater vehicles, product development, structural analysis, wireless charging, injection molding, polypropylene, mold design, blowing agent, sustainable architecture, eco-revitalization, swelling characteristics, low rise buildings, GIS with interactive maps. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of engineering research.

  • Novel Aspects on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of chemistry and biochemistry. The contributions by the authors include Peukert equation, lithium-ion battery, temperature dependence, bovine serum albumin, human serum albumin, fluorescence quenching, molecular docking, microplastics, ecosystem, pollution, zooplankton diversity, adsorption kinetic, adsorption equilibrium, groundwater pollutants, dehydro-genation aromatization process, phenolic metabolite, flavonoids, antioxidant, antifungal activity, fluoride removal process, adsorption process, biochar, wastewater, pollutant removal techniques, respiratory enzymes, biochemical reaction speed, activation of enzymes, catalytic properties, metal-catalyzed asymmetric transformation, organometallic complexes. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of chemistry and biochemistry.

  • Perspective of Recent Advances in Medical Research Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of Medical Research. The contributions by the authors include dental caries, dry lips, filaggrin, fishy-scales, differentiated thyroid cancer, gut microbiota, metabolomics, lipid metabolism, predictive model, abdominal cocoon, intestinal tuberculosis, bottle gourd sign, tricuspid valve, tricuspid anatomy, echocardiography, computed tomography, transcatheter tricuspid valve intervention, oxidative stress, breast cancer, reactive oxygen species, psychosis, post-traumatic stress disorder, psychotherapy, prediction model, bariatric surgery, quadricuspid aortic valve, echocardiographic findings, hip arthroplasty, knee arthroplasty, postoperative pain, sublingual misoprostol, and postpartum hemorrhage. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Medical Research.

  • Fundamental Research and Application of Physical Science Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of Physical Science.  The contributions by the authors include shielding, absorption, gamma detection, radiation portal monitors, discreteness, frequency response, automatic control system, PID controller, variable structure system with sliding processes, Geothermal Heat Pump System, Ground Heat Exchanger, model predictive control, diffusion, viscosity, fractional order, thermoelastic plate, hybridization, light manipulation, metallic nanostructures, plasmonic nanocavities, hybridization, energy storage systems, hydrogen storage, hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, thermal runaway, fiber-optic sensors, refractive index, interferometry, optofluidic, microfluidic, micromachining, quantum numbers, energy level, and electronic cloud. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Physical Science.

  • Perspective of Recent Advances in Medical Research Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of Medical Research. The contributions by the authors include asthma treatment, unstable asthma, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, concomitant radiotherapy, chemotherapy, hearing acuity, acute psychotic disorder, delusional disorder, schizophrenia, etiopathogenesis, neurotransmitters, psychological factors, translational medicine, clinical medicine, stress, musculoskeletal disorder, dementia, stigma, memory loss, anxiety, depression, nutritional status, ST-elevation myocardial infarction, percutaneous coronary intervention, stent thrombosis, and electrocardiography. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Medical Research.

  • Current Topics on Business, Economics and Finance Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of Business, Economics and Finance. The contributions by the authors include interbank bond market, panda bonds, qualified foreign institutional investors, state-owned enterprises, emotional intelligence, knowledge sharing, team performance, credit risk management, microfinance, microcredit, credit recovery, credit risk, corporate finance, digitalization, economic development, business landscape, social entrepreneurship, innovative business models, sustainable solutions, scalability, regulatory hurdles, service integrity, customer retention, service quality, intangibility, political economy, objectivity, professional behavior, professional competence, accounting practice, knowledge management, knowledge transfer, co-authorship collaboration, and social network analysis. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Business, Economics and Finance.

  • Perspective of Recent Advances in Medical Research Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of Medical Research. The contributions by the authors include tympanoplasty, anterior tucking, circumferential tympanomeatal flap, natural products, pharmacological properties, diagnosis, solitary rectal ulcer, obstructive defecation, unnatural deaths, medicolegal autopsy, Covid-19, pregnancy, pathogenesis, corneal endothelial cell density, corneal morphology, dry socket, tooth extraction,  localized alveolitis,  and  bacterial biofilm. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Medical Research.

  • Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry – I

    In the present era, the interest in herbs is increasing day by day and for the uses of these herbs in herbal medicines, it is very necessary to find out the whole knowledge about herbs, their uses and the standardization of crude drug which is isolated from these herbs. This book is very useful to students in the field of pharmaceutical sciences to know about the practical’s in pharmacognosy which is a branch of pharmaceutical sciences. It provides information about the standardization of crude drugs and also helps the students to know about what are the key points to find out the adulteration in crude drugs and practical’s related to these.

    This book tries to full fill the requirements of students during their B. Pharma study. This book is made according to the PCI syllabus which is very helpful for students in their experiments.

    Your co-operation in form of comments and suggestion are most welcome and to make the future edition of this book more significant for students of pharmacy and botany both courses. Kindly direct your valuable suggestions and criticism on [email protected].

  • A Textbook of Integrated Farming Systems for Sustainable Agriculture

    The world’s population is increasing day by day. More the population, more the resources required by the country to meet their basic demands. In developing countries the availability of lands, accessibility to quality water decreasing with the passage of time but on the other side population is on increasing side. The Integrated Farming Systems (IFS) adopts greater importance for sound management of farm resources to enhance the farm productivity and reduce the environmental degradation, improve the quality of life of resource, poor farmers and maintain sustainability. Better resource management is a key to avert these shortages otherwise situation will become more complex. In this concern Integrated Farming System (IFS) for sustainability will be a good way to sustain production and productivity for longer time. 

    The ultimate goal of this book "A Textbook of Integrated Farming Systems for Sustainable Agriculture" is to increase food production and maintaining sustainability on a continuous basis by generation of revenue to small and marginal farmers who faces money shortage during the specific growing period of crop.

    Despite our best efforts, it's still conceivable that a mistake happened in the book's editing or modification. We welcome and appreciate any additional inquiries as well as thoughtful criticism about how we can make this book better. Last but not least, we would like to express our gratitude to Dr. D.D. Yadav, Dr. V.K Verma, Dr. M. Z. Siddiqui, Professor, Dept. of Agronomy, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology Kanpur (U.P.) India, for their Support and Guide to publish this book.

  • New Advances in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical science. The contributions by the authors include blood safety, voluntary donors, transfusion services, severe acute respiratory syndrome, hematological changes, platelet-lymphocyte ratio, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, splenic trauma, non-operative, splenectomy, abdominal CT scan, mirror neurons, invasive candidiasis, mortality, echinocandins, breast cancer, steroid receptors, Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphism, myeloid dendritic cells, flow cytometry, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, obesity, insulin resistance, metabolomics, overnutrition, glucocorticoid ablation, pressure ulcer, bedsore prevention, pressure ulcer management, flap reconstruction, lymphadenectomy, surgical complications, lipomas, primary benign neoplasm, medical malpractice, provider-patient relationship, laparoscopic surgery, cecocutaneous fistula, post appendicectomy complications, appendicocutaneous fistula. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical science.

  • Research Highlights in Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of mathematics and computer science. The contributions by the authors include sensor network structure, sensor architecture design, Ad hoc wireless sensor networks, data processing paradigm, adaptive cluster sampling, ratio estimator, robust estimator, mean squared error, code offload analyzer, code scheduler, greedy hill algorithm, predictive models, machine learning, tribology, soft computing, combinatorial algorithms, symmetric group, dihedral group, Laplacian model, spectral zeta function, riemann zeta function, casimir energy, schrödinger operator, Rayleigh Schrödinger perturbation, interior equilibrium point, lyapunov’s function and routh-harwitz criteria. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of mathematics and computer science.

  • Research Highlights in Science and Technology Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of science and technology. The contributions by the authors include gradient method, rheological model, geomechanical situation, natural stress, silicone modified polyacrylate, nano-silica particles, anti-graffiti, scratch resistance, micronutrients, deficiency, crops, foliar application,  nutrient intake, farming systems, communication system, photo fenton, photocatalytic semiconductor, advanced oxidation process, water disinfection, radar cross section, scattering effect, RF imaging, Inverse scattering, Lagrangian model, foraging theory, supply chain management, multi agent systems, HV and MV Distribution transformers, cyber-attacks and security, information security, mobile electronic transactions. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of science and technology.

  • Current Overview on Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of pharmaceutical science. The contributions by the authors include Wajaul mafasil, arthralgia, osteoarthritis, unani medicine, compound drugs, pharmaceutical profitability, industrial profitability, Inflammation, antinflammatory drugs, steroidal drugs, ear oedema, arthritis model, pharmacological actions, antioxidant activity, total flavonoids, total phenolic content, pneumonia, eosinophilia, anemia, helminth infections, ulcer model, in vitro anti-cancer property, drug molecules, medicinal plants, novel therapeutics, mouth dissolving films, hydrophilic polymers, non-volatile vehicle, liquisolid tablets, bioavailability, vesicular drug delivery system, ethosomes, phytochemical constituents, hepatoprotective activity, biotransformation, lipid peroxidation. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of pharmaceutical science.

  • Novel Aspects on Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of pharmaceutical research. The contributions by the authors include phytochemistry, medicinal applications, anti cancerous potential, flavonoids, pharmacology, omicron variants, mutant variety, bioanalytical method, chromatographic separation, medicinal herbs, trace elements, toxic elements, plant drugs, antiepileptic activity, epilepsy, hypersynchronous discharges, anti-diabetic activity, neurodegenerative diseases, reactive oxygen species, tumor necrosis factors, gynecology, Nifedipine’s solubility, metal chelating, scavenging activity, anaerobic microorganism, inflammation, hormonal therapy, anti-infection medications, pharmaceutical dosage, postpartum haemorrhage, haemodynamic stability, muscle coordination, anxiolytic activities. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of pharmaceutical research.

  • Current Overview on Disease and Health Research Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of disease and health research. The contributions by the authors include anticancer activity, anticancer pathways, oncology, nano-chitosan, air pollution, Alzheimer’s disease, dementia, epigenetic adaptation, molecular epidemiology, particulate matter, periodontal disease, oral hygiene practices, coronary artery disease, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, primary percutaneous coronary intervention, major adverse cardiac events, ovarian stimulation, ovulation induction, ovarian hyper stimulation, human chorionic gonadotropin, iron deficiency anemia, anemia in pregnancy, male infertility, semen parameters, active hip tuberculosis, total hip replacement, C-reactive Protein, Harris Hip Score, pathogenesis of malaria, malaria infection. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of disease and health research.

  • Fundamental Research and Application of Physical Science Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of physical science. The contributions by the authors include Lorentz transformations , relativity theory, Maxwell's equations, electromagnetic theory, radioactive materials, gamma ray spectroscopy, gas sensing response, fuzzy rule base, heat supply systems, energy transfer quantum mechanics, golden sunrise Nutraceutica, Schrodinger equation, Tieu equation, angular distribution, photoelectron, hydrogenoid atoms, elastoplastic calculation, electronic quality factor, universal electrical conductivity, monolithic thermoelectric module, angle-based outlier detection, logistic growth model, gradient energy space, electro space, general dynamics of the universe. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of physical science.

  • Current Aspects in Business, Economics and Finance Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of Business, Economics and Finance. The contributions by the authors include economic instrument incentives, immigration, human tolerance, transdiscipinary, indigenous biological resources, marketing, benfit-sharing, commercialization, goat meat production, vegetation management, balance of payment, foreign exchange rate, time series analysis, employees’ perceptions, and recruitment process. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Business, Economics and Finance.

  • Research Highlights in Disease and Health Research Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of disease and health research. The contributions by the authors include national health systems, social epidemics, multinational drug firms, clinical pharmacy, pharmacovigilance, pharmacoepidemiology, atherogenic index of plasma, cardiovascular disease, lipid profile, auditory system, vestibular system, noise induced hearing loss, anemia, drug usage trends, fuzzy taxonomic structures, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, teratogenicity, emerging infections, mirror neurons, psychomotor skills, eclampsia, late preterm birth, neonatal outcomes, psychological problems, parainfluenza virus, reverse transcription, bronchopneumonia, cervical lymphadenopathy, tuberculosis, lymphoma, metastasis, HIV/AIDS education, meningioma, meningothelial cells, civilisation diseases, silent inflammations, autoaggressions, mitochondriopathy, dyslipidaemia, omicron virus, inferior alveolar nerve block, mandibular anaesthesia, mandibular foramen, hematoma, Sjogren's syndrome, ophthalmology, rheumatology. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of disease and health research.

  • Cutting Edge Research in Biology Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of Biology. The contributions by the authors include volatile organic compounds, post-mortem, microbes, profiling, exposure, semen fluid analysis, olfactory receptors, odorant binding protein, ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemical constituents, pharmacological applications, essential oil, toxicological effects, insecticidal activity, ornamental fish farming, psychological development, commercial trade, high resolution mass spectrometry, gas chromatography, human blood serum, and biomonitoring. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Biology.

  • New Advances in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical science. The contributions by the authors include epidermal cyst, epidermoid cyst, perianal swelling, perianal cyst, Aberrant hepatic artery, liver surgery, hepato-biliary-pancreatic radiological intervention, dental pulp injury, platelet rich fibrin, traumatic injuries, post-glenoid foramen, petrosquamous sinus, pupillary light reflex, static and dynamic pupillometry, hyper-reflective spots, diabetic macular edema, age related macular degeneration, pituitary gland, intracranial tumours, thyroid-stimulating hormone,  carcinoma, anthocyanidins, gallotannins, oral-dental disorders, medical consultations modules, animal-assisted therapy, dental anxiety, psychotherapy, cervical cancer, apheresis, thrombocytopenia, lymphocytopenia. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical science.

  • Applications of X-Ray Analysis: Tanzanian Case Studies

    The book titled, Applications of x-ray analysis: Tanzanian case studies  is written  with aim of disseminating  results of a research work that covers Soil and Maize from Namungo Gold Mine in Ruangwa District, Lindi Region , Sardine Fish from Kivukoni, Kunduchi and Bagamoyo Fish Markets, Vegetables and Soils from Minjingu all in Tanzania Using X-ray Fluorescence Analysis. The interest has been to analyze and evaluate Heavy Metals concentrations in its correct values so that humans and living organisms may receive only permissible levels. Whenever the values exceed allowed amount, actions are recommended to national authorities for actions.

    The book provides important features that any Scientists will need in order to write a good scientific report. In these book details of the methods of sampling, sample preparations, x-ray analytical techniques, theories, material and methods, as well as the discussions of the results and conclusions are given together with diverse references.

    The book can be used by students doing experiments on x-ray Physics at both levels of undergraduate and postgraduate. The computational model is introduced to make the derivations, arguments and proofs valid.

    The book may be useful for local and international users. In Tanzania, Institutions like, Tanzania Atomic Energy Agency (TAEC), Tanzania Medicine and Medical Devices Authority (TMDA), National Environmental Management Council (NEMC), Tanzania Bureau of standard (TBS) and Universities will find the book useful.

    The author expresses his gratitude to the reviewers, University of Dar es salaam, Muslim University of Morogoro together with all students who have contributed to this book.

  • Research Highlights in Language, Literature and Education Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of language, literature and education. The contributions by the authors include social-emotional aspects, early childhood,   big five inventory, temperament and character Inventory, psychological factors, anxiety, speaking activities, collaborative competition, knowledge management, monitoring platform, modernism, selfishness and narcissism, methodological dualism, integration of methodologies, building-level support, online formative assessment, educational evaluation, health assessments, psychiatric assessments, learning management systems, model analysis, corporal punishment, socialization process, digital transformation, online learning. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of language, literature and education.

  • New Frontiers in Physical Science Research Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of Physical Science. The contributions by the authors include artificial neural networks, spring floods, river congestion, light deviation, rotating black hole, numerical integration, general relativity, cosmology, astrophysics, galaxies, efficiency optimization, renewable energy, trigonometry, projection of circle, singularity, celestial body, parallel universes, global electric circuit, joule heating, spherical cap harmonic analysis, nanorods,  photoluminescence, diluted magnetic semiconductor, ferromagnetism, photocatalytic degradation, methylene blue dye, free electron,  and electron density. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Physical Science.

  • Novel Perspectives of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences. The contributions by the authors include climate change, air temperature,  homogeneity criteria, hydroelectric, reservoir, satellite, biodiversity, environmental, ecohydrological processes, ecosystem services, integrated water resource management, water ecosystem services, neotectonic, transcurrent faults, salt flats formation, native tree species, physicochemical, contaminants, waterborne pathogen, iron ore mining, watered environment, mechanical degradation, polyethylene, powdered breadfruit leaves, packaging waste materials, seawater quality, pb-contaminated soil, and rehabilitating soils. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences.

  • Research Advances in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of Microbiology and Biotechnology. The contributions by the authors include fermentation, bioreactor, simulation, unstructured models, hazard analysis, yeasts and moulds, infective endocarditis, septic embolism, serum protein, mosquito-borne disease, malaria, antimalarial activity, garlic-arteether therapy, bacteriophage, Covid-19, omicron, infectious diseases, NIR laser, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, photothermal effect, and virus-like mesopore. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Microbiology and Biotechnology.

  • Recent Trends in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of arts and social studies. The contributions by the authors include sustainable development, globalization, global system, educational models, institutional transformations, sustainable development of society, strategy of modernization, scientific reforms, rural hollowing, educational escape rooms, astronomy and astrology, racial contract, immigration, national identity, refugee crisis, social media, Greco-roman medicine, protagonists, medical education, ophthalmology, interpretive paradigm, knowledge economy. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of arts and social studies.

  • Current Topics on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of Chemistry and Biochemistry. The contributions by the authors include density functional theory, molecular docking simulation,  antioxidant, antibacterial activity, microwave assisted synthesis, schiff's bases, biochemical modulations, protein, carbohydrates, lipids, cytosol, oil effluent exposure, water resistant, dietary supplements, kidney calculi, supersaturation, urolithiasis, active learning, crystal system, inorganic chemistry, molecular model, inflammation, cytotoxicity, adiponectin receptor, insulin resistance, kinetic, and redox reaction. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Chemistry and Biochemistry.

  • Ecological Principles

    The book "Ecological principles'' is written to full fill the utmost all  enthusiastic desire of the students and research scholars. This book covers the all ecological aspects. Deforestation is on sharp rise in India and also is the rise and prevalence of temperature. Rise and prevalence of temperature leads to global warming. It is hoped that this book will provide sufficient information on all aspects of ecology and sure the deliberation of this book would be great help in managing the balanced life on this ecosystem. Ecological principles covers the basic concepts, ideas, findings and ecological challenges. As knowledge and best practice in ecology are constantly changing, the fundamentals are written in a sharply focused manner without overwhelming or excessive details. Present book provides a balanced information to all ecological major areas. It is designed to promote understanding of the basic principles and concepts of a subject rather than memorization of details. Authors feel that understanding ecology and environment as a whole is far more important than merely identifying separate components of a natural community. With this in mind, the students as well as researcher will come to understand some basic and underlying concepts, and authors trust that, through an understanding and appreciation of these concepts, the overall environmental picture of the Earth will be more fully realized and admired for what it is. Although the content of this book can be read independently of one another, they are arranged in a logical sequence. Our intention is to highlight only the essentials that are most relevant to understanding the principles of ecology and stereographical scales. The most significant feature of this book is its clear, up-to-date, accurate explanations of mechanisms, rather than the mere description of facts and events. The present book has been designed and written in a manner to meet the aspirations of graduate and postgraduate students as well as CSIR JRF-NET aspirants. Authors have tried to maintain a balance between describing the classic works and recent trends in ecology. This book is intended to go beyond the traditional helping books. The present book described the basic concept as well as advanced concepts of ecology viz. the Environment, Ecosystem Ecology, Population Ecology and Community Ecology), Biodiversity, Pollution and Climate change. It is organized to provide an even, logical flow of concepts and to provide clear illustrations of the major ecological and environmental issues. It is our hope that this book will be utilized intensively by students and ecologists to gain recent trends in ecology and its management .This book is the outcome of the combined efforts of several professors. Several diligent and hardworking minds have come together to bring out this book in this complete form. I render my grateful thanks and deep sense of gratitude to Dr. N.K. Dubey, Dr. Usha Dubey, Dr. R.P. Sinha and Dr. Sanjeev Kumar for regular guidance throughout the writing of this book.

  • Recent Progress in Science and Technology Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of Science and Technology. The contributions by the authors include sustainable fashion system, artificial intelligence, fashion industry, creative ability, design critic, asphalt paving, image binarization, remotely piloted aircraft systems, monitoring, compaction machinery, macro texture, solar cells, glass frit, light intensity, computational fluid dynamics, simulation, soybean roasting, block chain technology, big data, cloud computing, cyber security, disruptive technologies, and economies, nature of science, flow map, scientific literacy, kuhn's philosophy, mobile ad hoc networks, forward node, broadcasting, reliable broadcast, reliable broadcast protocol, dynamic network, autonomous mobile, symmetric links, partial dominant pruning algorithm, bimetallic nanoparticles, microemulsion, and intermicellar exchange rate. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Science and Technology.

  • Research and Developments in Engineering Research Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of engineering research. The contributions by the authors include bio-filler, breathable conglomerate, thermo physical modeling, bioresources, fractions, coal preparation screenings, large-format ceramics, multifactorial experiment planning, nanotechnology, waved sheet roof, stone clinker, active mineral elements, surface viscosity, cable network, bending effect, effective vibration length, cross-tie axial stiffness estimation, thermal performance, air streams, solar PV panel, sift feature matching, low energy consumption, minimum sink rate, solar energy, sustainability waste, functionally graded plates,  power coefficient, harmonic reduction, reactive power compensation, prefabricated reinforced concrete structures, screw connection, column connection, thread, assembly, prefabricated building. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of engineering research.

  • Current Aspects in Business, Economics and Finance Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of Business, Economics and Finance. The contributions by the authors include marketing, consumer behavior, Egyptian consumption patterns, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, buying motivations, stock exchange, Israeli securities, dual-listing law, foreign market, multi-dimensional risk models, dynamic solvency insurance, barrier strategy, Integro-differential equations, anti-consumerism, international trade, global economy, primary commodities, economic instrument, labor policy, investments and financing, unemployment rate, cash flow coefficients, and dynamic analysis. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Business, Economics and Finance.

  • Emerging Challenges in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of agriculture and food science. The contributions by the authors include food production, food security, food safety, food microbiology, sugar manufacturing, application of enzymes in food industry, shelf life of bakery products, chocolate production, polysaccharides, antioxidants activity, application of ultrasound and microwave irradiation in food industry, high hydrostatic pressure, camel milk, nutritional values of camel milk, production of camel milk cheese, fermented foods, flavonoids, Food colorants and pigments, and nutritional food. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of agriculture and food science.

  • Recent Progress in Chemical Science Research Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of Chemical Science. The contributions by the authors include plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy, anisotropic strain, structural-parametric model, electroelastic actuator, piezoactuator, deformation, matrix transfer function, phenolic compounds, chemotaxonomic implications, crystal structure, hydrogen bonding, liquid chromatography, mucolytic agent, serratiopeptidase, pharmaceutical dosage, corrosion rate, weight loss, corrosion combating efficacy, surface coverage, chemical compound, perfumery phenols, oxidation, inorganic and organic oxidants, kinetics, hypohalite ions, reaction mechanism, thermodynamic activation parameters, cathode surface, electrochemical reduction, and surface morphology. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Chemical Science.

  • Research Advances in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of microbiology and biotechnology. The contributions by the authors include synthetic dyes, environmental pollutants, biodegradation, toxic effluents, aquatic organisms, Kinetic models, glycolysis, tryptophan synthesis, oscillation occurence, bioreactor optimization, tryptophan synthesis oscillations, spore germination, salt stress, biomolecules, gene expression, mutation, antifungal drug resistance, protein signaling pathway, allergic bronchopulmonary, transfusion services, antibody screening, nucleic acid amplification, bacterial contamination, DNA sequencing, pharyngeal infections, immunogenic proteins, protective epitopes, rabbit models of EBV infection, vaccine efficacy, human bocavirus, septic arthritis, osteoarticular infection, iron nanoparticles, zeta potential analysis, nano-biotechnology. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of microbiology and biotechnology.

  • Research Highlights in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of Agricultural Sciences. The contributions by the authors include bioremediation, phytoremediation, polychlorinated biphenyls, biodegradation, environmental pollution, rhizodegradation, oxidative dechlorination, reductive dechlorination, nutrient management, heat stress, wheat, rice genotypes, salinity tolerance, hydroponics, drum seeding, LCC based nitrogen management, transplanting, improved sugarcane varieties, technology development, dissemination, farmers’ participation, fertigation, drip system, water soluble fertilizers, leaf nutrient content, and apricot yield. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Agricultural Sciences.

  • SP’z Series New Insights on Urology and Urological Research Part II

    It is very heartening to share with our readers that the earlier part 1 of the SP’z series “The New Insights on Urology and Urological Research” is well accepted.

    We know that for evolution change is the only constant, and is imperative. For urologists, change is seen at almost all levels.

    Urogynaecology is one of the specialties that connect the urologists and the gynecologists. The field of urogynaecology, though, had many recent advances, looks still in its infancy. Many questions remain unanswered. This ‘Part 2’ of the SP’z series will enable the readers to learn evidence-based urogynaecology and few topics related to obstetrics that a practicing urologist should know. The contents of this book will be relevant for the students and practicing consultants in the speciality of urology, gynaecology and the general practitioners.

    Whilst the upper renal tract remains the sole property of the urologist, gynaecologists, in addition to urologists have traditionally been involved in the assessment and treatment of female lower urinary tract symptoms. The reasons are many - childbirth is the main aetiological factor, and women often present with a combination of menstrual, genital, urinary and colorectal symptoms that requires a holistic approach. It is for this reason that the subspecialty of urogynaecology is rising. Clinicians who treat women with these symptoms require a thorough understanding of the assessment and treatment of bladder filling and storage disorders, pelvic organ prolapse and colorectal disorders, and need to work closely with allied professions. This book will guide the interested clinician who wishes to review this particular subject comprehensively.

    There may be significant amount of overlap and difference of opinion for the discussed topics. But the authors think that this will stimulate the readers to further read and research the topic and formulate their own opinion.

     I hope this book will be a valuable pocket-sized aid for the readers and is available at an affordable price.

     I hope and firmly affirm that this book will contribute a better understanding and management of various urogynaecological and a few obstetrics topics for the clinicians.

     I dedicate this book to the hard work and a firm belief of my family in me.

  • Cutting Edge Research in Biology Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of Biology. The contributions by the authors include human papillomavirus, cervical cancer, DNA, RNA, phytochemicals, antioxidant activity, phenolics, hamstring flexibility, sedentary lifestyle, biomechanical analysis, plant height, leaf area, single nucleotide polymorphisms, pathogenesis, mutations, genetic variations, blood derivatives, growth factors, Platelet rich fibrin, stem cells, metamorphosis, biofouling, transcriptomics, proteomics, climate change, pheidole ants, plant extract toxicity, microcerotermes, designer drugs, legal drugs, and quantitative analysis. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Biology.

  • Quantization and Turbulization of Deterministic Chaos of the Exponential Oscillons and Pulsons

    Deterministic chaos was introduced in [14] as a mathematical model, which is capable to provide an adequate description of experimental results on wave turbulence. This book contains a novel exact solution for deterministic chaos of the exponential oscillons and pulsons, which is computed in terms of various invariant structures: experimental deterministic scalar kinematic structures, experimental deterministic vector kinematic structures, experimental deterministic scalar dynamic structures, and experimental deterministic vector dynamic structures. The successful application of these invariant structures is stipulated by their exact similarity to the Navier-Stokes equation that represents a superposition of kinematic terms and dynamic terms with an algebraic nonlinearity.

    The method of decomposition in invariant structures was systematically presented in [4], where experimental deterministic scalar kinematic structures and experimental deterministic vector kinematic structures have been used to solve systems of partial differential equations of the Helmholtz decomposition for various wave systems with surface, external and internal forcing. Being generalizations of the Taylor series and the Fourier series, the invariant structures enable to generalize analytical methods of separation of variables, undetermined coefficients, and series expansions into the computational method of decomposition in invariant structures.

    Another computational method, which is used this work, is a method of inhomogeneous Fourier expansions in eigenfunctions of coordinates and time [2]. This method allows to replace the classical (homogeneous) Fourier series that contain and unbounded number of terms with the inhomogeneous Fourier expansions that include a bounded number of terms of exact solutions. The method of inhomogeneous Fourier expansions provides straightforward tools for studying topology, periodicity, and integral properties of the exponential oscillons and pulsons. Both the method of decomposition in invariant structures and the method of inhomogeneous Fourier expansions require the experimental programming in Maple. Codes of the experimental programming will be published elsewhere.

    Quantization of the internal waves of deterministic chaos of fluid dynamics resembles quantization of the quantum objects of quantum wave mechanics: elementary particles, nuclei, atoms, molecules. The cumulative pulson of the kinetic energy is composed of the energy pulson of propagation, the internal energy oscillon, the diagonal energy oscillon, and the external energy oscillon. In turn, the energy pulsons and oscillons contain the group pulsons of propagation, the internal group oscillons, the diagonal group oscillons, and the external group oscillons. Similarly, the group pulsons and oscillons include the wave pulsons of propagation, the internal wave oscillons, the diagonal wave oscillons, and the external wave oscillons. Eventually, the wave pulsons and oscillons consist of the elementary pulsons of propagation, the internal elementary oscillons, the diagonal elementary oscillons, and the external elementary oscillons.

    Numerous figures of the exponential oscillons and pulsons and computations of numbers of local minimums and maximums along the x-, y-, and t-axis provide a strong computational justification that deterministic chaos with Bernoulli periods, which grow as prime numbers, may emulate experimental results on wave turbulence. However, computational results of deterministic chaos of the exponential oscillons and pulsons with Fourier periods [2], which are bounded by given x- and y-periods, return periodic solutions.

    Despite the computational validation of the turbulent conjecture of [14], there are still open problems towards development of an exact theory of wave turbulence. Continuation of the classical approach of Reynolds to fluid-dynamic turbulence requires to construct an exact solution for stochastic chaos of random exponential oscillons and pulsons and to describe interaction between deterministic chaos of the exponential oscillons and pulsons and stochastic chaos of the random exponential oscillons and pulsons.

  • Novel Perspectives of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences. The contributions by the authors include Earth’ topography, map scales, contour interval, geomatics applications, storage energy reactions, energy exhaustion, gasification, X-ray Computed Tomography, Core image, multi-sensor core logger, Ocean drilling, community-based ecotourism, nature reserve, Green and Sustainable Management, Aquatic Environment, Pollution, hazardous substances, Soil water modeling, multi-scale soil water processes, pedostructure, hydrostructural soil properties, soil hydrodynamics, and soil water thermodynamics. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences.

  • Current Topics on Business, Economics and Finance Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of business, economics and finance. The contributions by the authors include economic and social welfare, birth control products, contraceptives, reproductive health, harmonization, financial management, public relations, Growth of business, managerial finance, micro, small and medium, structural modifications, international business, theory and policy, mercantilist tendencies, bilateral agreements enterprises, market extension, boost production, agricultural marketing, World economic crisis, manager compensation, cyber risk, generalized linear mixed model, markov chain analysis, metropolis-hastings algorithm, financial success, monetary estimation. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the business, economics and finance.

  • Current Overview on Disease and Health Research Vol. 11

    This book covers key areas of Disease and Health Research. The contributions by the authors include human health, nutrients, diet, antioxidants, free radicals, childhood disorder, malnutrition, enterocutan fistula, fibroblast,  neovascularisation, hypertension, immune functions, cardiovasular system, systemic granulomatosis, corticosteroids, chronic condensations, non-necrotizing granuloma, pulmonary sarcoidosis, cardiac outpouchings, aneurysm, pseudoaneurysm, diverticulum, herniation, breast cancer, lymphedema, post- mastectomy, astigmatism, myopia, refractive error, visual impairment, ultra-weak photon emission, and healing therapies. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Disease and Health Research.

  • Recent Trends in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of Arts and Social Studies. The contributions by the authors include strategic energy resources, tool of political, energy pressure, gender minorities, teacher-student rapport, social behavior, educational right protection, rudeness, expectation, supererogation, offence, complicity, contemporary music, civility of staff, ethical experiences, moral sensitivity, nursing ethics, EU-Vietnam Free Trade Agreement, and Vietnam's labour law. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Arts and Social Studies.

  • Current Aspects in Business, Economics and Finance Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of Business, Economics and Finance. The contributions by the authors include transportation, real growth domestic product, infrastructure, economic growth, transfer pricing, manufacturing, business cycle, peak-load pricing, cutthroat competition, workable competition, employee empowerment strategies, job satisfaction, technological advancements, human resource, involuntary unemployment, inflexible aggregate investment, public debt, securitization, trade policy, non-trade policy reforms, export performance, agricultural commodities, AR-maximum entropy bootstrap, income level, and housing. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Business, Economics and Finance.

  • Research and Developments in Engineering Research Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of Engineering Research. The contributions by the authors include heat sink, heat dissipation, heat flux, natural convection, cognitive radio, Vehicular ad-hoc network, air quality monitor, eco-routes, MIMO technology, iridium satellite constellations, wireless networks, configurable logic blocks, reduced ordered binary decision diagram, Stuck at Fault, sequential designs, confined space, industrial safety, internet-of-things, occupational hazard, anthropomorphic gripper, robot, gripping, clamping jaws, customization of setup sheet, data analytics, UHF RFID tags, mutual coupling, mutual impedance, printed dipole, T-Match, printed meander dipole, occupational influence, rural built form, skew slab, and structural behaviour. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Engineering Research.

  • Current Overview on Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of Pharmaceutical Science. The contributions by the authors include nanoparticle, entrapment efficiency, targeted drug release, controlled drug release, hypertension, myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, heart failure, beta blockers, antioxidant, anthelmintic, self-medication, drug abuse, self-care, substance abuse, antibiotic usage, quinazoline derivatives, antimicrobial activity, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity, leishmaniasis, pharmacokinetics, and physicochemical properties. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Pharmaceutical Science.

  • Research Highlights in Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of mathematical and computer science. The contributions by the authors include inference, square of opposition, modalities, Archimedean semigroup semigroup, homomorphism, shortest path algorithms,  graphs theory, Vanessa graph, octopus graph, square sum labeling, Internet of things, machine learning, CFNN model, hybrid model analysis, Aristotelian actual infinite, Euclid's theorem, monic polynomial, topological spaces, transitive closure, Warshall algorithm, search algorithms, rumor and information spreading models, stochastic perturbations, stochastic differential and difference equations, asymptotic mean square stability, Lyapunov functions, linear matrix inequalities, numerical simulations, segmentation, k-nearest neighbor, big data simulation, sentiment analysis, topological ordered space, increasing set, decreasing set, balanced set, semi generalised closed set, channel assignment, distance labeling, cycle graph, neuroscience, and neuronal pathway. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of mathematical and computer science.

  • Perspective of Recent Advances in Medical Research Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of Medical Research. The contributions by the authors include comorbidities, cancer cells, health management, multidrug resistance, vaginal agenesis, hematometra, low lying transpalatal arch, deglutition, anterior open bite malocclusion, pre-adjusted edgewise appliance therapy, biosurfactant, microorganism, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, feto-maternal outcome, inguinal hernia, optic nerve, myelitis, neuromyelitis optica, papilledema, COVID-19, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease acute exacerbation, nebulization therapy, non-invasive ventilation, cellular therapy, blood-brain barrier, wound healing, cataract surgery, local anesthesia, and ultrasound. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Medical Research.

  • Vaccines and Vaccine Interference

    Current survey concerning vaccine research has been showing that the in common microbial vaccines are generously tackled in the relevant literatures. The recent bacterial vaccine studies (Bacterins) covered the molecular and the biochemical facets involved in mechanistic and developmental issues. Other microbial vaccines belongs to the emerging and reemerging infections seemed to be scant or even rare as compared to classical vaccine of communicable infectious diseases. Thus the objective of the present book was to present a balanced theme on monotypic and polytypic microbial vaccines for the emerging and re-emerging human infections. The text layout arranged in two parts .Part one the platform for monotypic microbial vaccines which include five sections and twelve chapters. The first section covers the platform, the second section includes virus and virus like vaccines, the section three consist of mycoplasma and stealth bacterial vaccines while the section four outlined emerging bacterial vaccines and finally section five ensembles yeast and malarial vaccines. Part two the polytypic vaccines ensembles five chapters focused on combined vaccines and vaccine interference. The book is being of help to students of vaccine and vaccine technology as well as the beginner vaccine researchers.

  • Recent Progress in Science and Technology Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of Science and Technology. The contributions by the authors include art theory, historical development, fitness software, video technology, GPS technology, hawk-eye technology, temporal data analysis, gradient descent spectral graph clustering, local-global louvain method,  modularity, quantum disk, azimuthal distortion, thermodynamic properties, carbon rule of law, binary mixture, volume of mixing, and cohesive force. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Science and Technology.

  • Research Highlights in Science and Technology Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of Science and Technology. The contributions by the authors include dickey-fuller, kwiatkowski-phillips-schmidt-shin, phillips-perron, grapheme, band gap, doping, nanoelectronics, quantum networking, quantum mechanics, encoding, wavelength division multiplexing, directional media access control, MANETs, Ad hoc networks, smart antennas, carrier-sense multiple access, directional hidden terminal, deafness, decision making, MCDM methods, data normalization, expectation maximization, meteorological data, interfaces and surface of ionic crystals, graded gap, homovarizonality, surface electronic states, fractal layer, sierpinski carpet, nanosafety, nanoobject, nanoparticle, elemental analysis, biokinetics, exogenous substance, and mathematical modeling. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Science and Technology.

  • Research Aspects in Chemical and Materials Sciences Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of Chemical and Materials Sciences. The contributions by the authors include mechanical properties, large ring-to-diameter ratio, metal rubber seals, porosity, heat treatment, hysteresis characteristics, loss factor, high energy ball milling, X-Ray diffraction, Rietveld refinement, field emission scanning electron microscopy, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, heterogeneous catalysis, catalysis mechanism, metal-organic frameworks, UV irradiation, photocatalytic performance, bio-based plastics, circular economy, biodegradable plastics, bio-based polyester, mechanical homogenizer, hydrocarbon, fuel consumption, alloys, electronic structure, band-structure, optical properties, langmuir-blodgett films, and self assembling monolayers. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Chemical and Materials Sciences.

  • Research Developments in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical science. The contributions by the authors include anemia, global health, hematological characteristics, co-morbidity, dyslexia, neuropsychology, phonological processing, prostheses, prosthodontics, rigid partial dentures, flexible partial denture, menopausal empowerment strategies, health-promoting lifestyle modifications, algor mortis, catabolism, pulmonary dysfunction, left ventricular architecture, echocardiography, ventricular morphology, cardiac disease, microglia, neurogenesis, oligodendrogenesis, neural stem cells, gastric ulcer, drug repositioning, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, peptic ulcers diseases, epilepsy, epileptic seizure, neurological diseases, body mass index, musculoskeletal discomfort, occupational stress. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical science.

  • Perspective of Recent Advances in Medical Research Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of Medical Research. The contributions by the authors include antibiotic susceptibility, nocardiosis, aerobic gram-positive rods, bullous haemorrhagic dermatosis, hypersensitivity, histopathology, life-threatening anaphylaxis, allergy, anaphylactic shock, bolus intravenous epinephrine, healthcare facilities, diagnostic setup, asphyxia, smoke management, bio-filler, composite resin, limpet radula, hysterosalpingography, fallopian tubes, retronychia, onychocryptosis, onychomadesis, Chewing, and saliva secretion. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Medical Research.

  • Collective Studies on Evapotranspiration, Drought Propagation, Catchment Modelling, and Changes in Ice/Snow and Forest

    We are hounored to put together a few collective studies and researches in hydrology and environmental changes, mainly conducted in Canada, China, Japan and USA. We are sincerely thankful to our co-authors, co-workers, colleagues and collaborators for their long-term supports and efforts.

    The selected fourteen papers (chapters) touch several interesting themes. Evapotranspiration is a relatively challenging sub-process in hydrological cycle, which could be estimated or assessed by various methods. Hydrological drought propagation through its onset, intensification, recovering and termination is an important topic in drought disaster monitoring, prediction and mitigation. Catchment modelling of water and solute movement, a research and management tool, is still being updated by introducing new technology or methodology. As a useful indicator of climate change, ice/snow cover and its long-term change have attracted attentions of scientists and publics. Forest changes and their roles in carbon cycle and hydrological processes are also addressed by scientific societies.

    A special thank-you goes to the field monitoring or experimental staff who contributed to scientific reseaches and made our analyses possible. Many reviewers and editing offices helped with constructive comments.

    This book is funded by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52109020), the Nature Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China (Grant No. BK20210652), and the Natural Sciecne Foundation of Fujian Province, China (Grant No. 2021J011189).

  • Research Aspects in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of arts and social studies. The contributions by the authors include case based learning, gamification technique, human nature, constructive dialogue, denotation, connotation, psychiatric nurses, anger management, mental health, COVID-19 virus, social enterprises, hybrid nature, looting, principal-agent interaction, models of democracy, economic motivation, political regimes, dialectical unity, human value, land ownership, housing demand, population growth. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of arts and social studies.

  • Fundamental Research and Application of Physical Science Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of physical science. The contributions by the authors include multipole expansion, matrix element, form factors, photoelectric effect, photon counting statistics, photoelectron current pulses, semi classical theory of PCP generation, coherence manipulation to control PCP statistics, photoelectric equation, superposition principle, plane matrix oscillator, focused acoustic field, Rayleigh integral, numerical solution, magnetic deperming, superconducting cable, cosmic ether, magnetic resistance, oscillating modes, high-energy electron accelerator, BXR conversion efficiency, position-dependent effective mass, solvable potentials, multi-parameter exponential type potentials, quantum mechanics. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of physical science.

  • Current Topics on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of chemistry and biochemistry. The contributions by the authors include molecular targets, aromatase inhibitor, growth–stimulatory effects, breast cancer, biopolymer-based ZnO nanocomposite film, chitosan, nanoparticles, red blood cells, erythrocytes, ektacytometry,  postnatal ontogenesis, lipid profile, dyslipidemia, pyrrolo pyrimidine, folate metabolism, human thymidylate synthase inhibitors, antitumor medications, lipophilic antifolates, methadone treatment, Methadone maintenance therapy, physical-chemical properties, phase transitions, piecewise approximation, thioamides, transthioamidation, hypolipidemic properties, renal damages, low-density lipoprotein, and electrolytes. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of chemistry and biochemistry.

  • Cutting Edge Research in Biology Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of Biology. The contributions by the authors include bio-gas, kitchen waste, anaerobic digester, fossil fuels, tiriki sacred groves, biological wealth, biodiversity reservoirs, mahseer, unregulated fishing, reservoir, physical parameters, phytochemicals, chemotherapy, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, phytochemicals, angiopteris, leaf extracts, antioxidant, saponins, thin layer chromatography, liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy, medicinal value, phytoconstituents, crop improvement programme, plant breeding, genetic improvement, molecular breeding, fruit flies, insecticide sprays, cell communication, plasmodesmata, horticulture, RNA-binding protein, molecular trafficking, bioactivity, and nested coherences. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  Biology.

  • Sociology of Quality of Life

    Human society is ever changing. Such a transition made the author start the book Sociology of Quality of Life. Human security, happiness and continuity of human life all depend on quality of life. It may make and cause the human life grow in a straight way. Human capital including education of mothers is widely dependent on quality of life. Therefore, it must ever grow and strengthen. Industrial growth and modernism need to ever be fulfilled planning of cities and their growth need to ever be noticed. Planning for water and agriculture need to be prioritized and paid attention to. Similarly, childbearing and fertility must be in a right path and according to time and place. Education of girls need to be on agenda with the help of which security of next generations is guaranteed. Population growth need to be ever on the agenda according to possibilities and resources. Necessary policies must ever be planned for, to keep the society in a smooth manner. All such subjects are thought of in the study of quality of life.

  • Plasmas Afterglows with \(N_2\) for Surface Treatments - Edition 3

    The part 3 of the present book always concerns \(N_2\) plasmas and afterglows at low and atmospheric gas pressures, adding new results on production of all the \(N_2\)(B,v’) and \(N_2\)(X,v)  states in (Ar)-\(N_2\) plasma and afterglows at low and high gas pressures. Production of N and C-atoms in Ar-\(N_2\)-\(CH_4\) gas mixtures was established after high power RF plasma torch at atmospheric gas pressure as shown in the under figure and was revisited in microwave afterglows at low gas pressures where a special attention is brought to reactions in early (pink) afterglow conditions. Also, more results than in the previous chapter 3 were given in the Plasmalyse reactor for medical instruments sterilization. N2 discharges and afterglows modeling showing the coupling of electron and \(N_2\) (X, v) distributions are recalled with Mario Capitelli. Finally, an application of N-atoms source in \(N_2\) HF afterglow is reported on the CN thin film deposition. From recent results obtained in Laplace Lab. concerning  the Laser fluorescence measurements (TALIF) of N and H atoms density in \(N_2\)-\(H_2\) afterglows (PHD thesis of V. Ferrer, Toulouse 2023), it is deduced that the rate coefficient of the N+H+\(N_2\)\(\to\) NH+ \(N_2\) reaction, chosen in Chapter 4 and 13 of the present book, must be multiplied by 50, that confirms the assumed value of 10-33 cm6s-1 of Gordiets et al. (B.Gordiets, CM Ferreira, MJ Pinheiro and A.Ricard, Plasma Source Sc. Tech. (1998) 7, 363). Other corrections of previous results are brought in chapters 21 and 26.

  • Banana: Benefits, Cultivation, Post-Harvest and Processed, in Indonesia

    This book contains various types of bananas that are popular in Indonesia, and the benefits of banana plants for human life, especially for Indonesian people. This book describes the needs of appropriate agroecological requirements for banana plants. In addition, it also displays banana production centers in Indonesia. Then he also explained the technology of banana cultivation, starting from the types of seed propagation and seed propagation techniques, land preparation, timing and planting, plant maintenance, spacing, and maintenance of plant stems. We authors also tell about harvesting methods, and postharvest handling including collecting, sorting, sorting and ripening bananas. This book also describes the monoculture cropping model or intercropping with other crops, as well as presents an economic analysis of banana cultivation, the processing of unripe bananas into ripe bananas, and the processing of bananas into other forms of food.

    The author hopes to provide a complete picture of the development and handling of the popular banana commodity in Indonesia.

  • Current Topics and Emerging Issues in Materials Sciences Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of materials sciences. The contributions by the authors include fingerprint, ceramic sensors, protonate gaseous ions, diabetes mellitus, microwave reaction, thermal oxidation, microwave-assisted hydrothermal conditions, electrochemical electrodes, medication, friction durability, magnetic disk, fluid lubrication, boundary lubrication, perfluoropolyether lubricant, crystalline phase, macro-mechanical properties, mechanic compaction, crystal decomposition, electro deposition, complexing ligands, alloying metals. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of materials sciences.

  • Novel Perspectives of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences. The contributions by the authors include potato cultivation, fungicides, physiological indicators, agrophysical, agrochemical, thermodynamic equilibrium process, systemic thermodynamics of soil water, hydrostructural pedology discipline, gibbs free energy, carnot cycle, second law of thermodynamics, climate change, global warming, sea level rise, maintain the mediterranean level, pedostructure, structural representative elementary volume concept, soil shrinkage curve, thermodynamic internal energy, pressure plate apparatus, tensiometric measurement, soil moisture characteristic curve, soil water retention curve, and hydrostructural parameters. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences.

  • Novel Aspects on Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of Pharmaceutical Research. The contributions by the authors include glycerol glycolate, molecular docking, silico observations, antipsychotic, schizophrenia, adverse drug reactions, psychosis, gas chromatography, flame ionization detector, leishmaniasis, chemotherapy, drug development, antineoplastic agent, hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography, organic solvent, reactive oxygen species, in vitro antioxidant activity, DPPH assay, natural antioxidants, flavonoids, Antibiotic activity, soil microorganisms, antimicrobial activity, and hydrolytic enzyme. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Pharmaceutical Research.

  • Research Highlights in Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of Mathematics and Computer Science. The contributions by the authors include difference equation, approximation error, moving node, inequalities, polynomials, maximum modulus, hardy-littlewood maximal operator, rough kernel, weighted estimates, polar derivative, measurable sets, absolute continuity, integrable functions, approximation, boundedness, differential equation, and non-negative functions. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Mathematics and Computer Science.

  • Research Highlights in Disease and Health Research Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of disease and health research. The contributions by the authors include autoimmune pancreatitis, obstructive jaundice, IgG4-related disease, endoscopic ultrasound, corticosteroids, breast tumor, circulating immune complexes, antibodies, clinical chorioamnionitis, histological chorioamnionitis, neural stem cells, oligodendrocyte precursor cells, epidermal growth factor, antibiotic induced psychosis, quinolone induced mania, cephalosporin induced mania, antibiotic induced mania, periodontal disease pathogenesis, periodontitis, biomarkers,  precision dentistry, antiphospholipid antibody, systemic lupus erythematosus, cervical dystonia, uterus didelphys, mullerian ducts, embryogenesis, Intracerebral hemorrhage, maternity services, postpartum contraception, family planning, intracholecystic papillary neoplasm, low and high grade dysplasia, invasive carcinoma. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of disease and health research.

  • Techniques and Innovation in Engineering Research Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of Engineering Research. The contributions by the authors include machine learning, internet of things, data visualization, data-driven, aerated flow, energy dissipation, chute slope, dam height, stepped spillway, skimming flow, distributed generators, predictive control, voltage source converter, solar photovoltaic, power converters, load catering, synchronous reference frame control, fish oil, LHR engine, exhaust emissions, un-burnt hydro carbons, copper coated engine, spark ignition, catalytic converter, rotating disk, flow instability, non-uniqueness, open air museum, archaeological monuments, national grid, voltage stability analysis, static var compensator, bus participation factor, and eigen values. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Engineering Research.

  • Albendazole on Soil Transmitted Nematodes among School Children in Kakamega County, Kenya

    Parasitic diseases have been a public health problem to mankind. Soil Transmitted nematodes are part of the parasitic disease that continue to cause high morbidity and sufferings globally. They are common in low and  middle-income countries such as Kenya. Mass deworming has been advocated by World Health Organisation (WHO) but still these parasitic infections have persisted despite the effort. Antihelminthic drugs have been used over time and the need to assess their effectiveness is crucial.

    This book highlight the findings of a study of prevalence, intensity and effectiveness of albendazole in Kakamega county, Kenya.The book produces details on soil transmitted nematodes found in the study area, diagnosis, pre- treatment and post- treatment analysis.

    I wish to express my sincere thanks to Dr. Charles Mwandawiro, Chief Research officer- ESACIPAC KEMRI Nairobi, for the wholeheartedly assistance throughout the study; Prof. Ephantus Kabiru for encouragement guidance and support and Dr Eric Lelo-CBRD KEMRI, Nairobi, Kenya, for the support, advice and reading of the manuscript. I would like to appreciate guidance and encouragement from Dr. Jimmy Kihara, from ESACIPAC, KEMRI, Nairobi, Kenya.

    To my family, words are not enough to thank you for all the support and prayers you accorded me. Thank you

  • Current Perspectives in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of agriculture and food science. The contributions by the authors include antibiotic residues, livestock management, carcinogenicity, veterinary medicine, liquid chromatography, food production, drying processes, evaporation, whitening agent, cryoprotectants, overfishing, high-quality surimi, virgin coconut oil, storage stability, menstruation, polymerization, thermal oxidation, adulterants detection, hydrogenated fats, thermal analysis, childhood obesity, malnourishment, physical activity. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of agriculture and food science.

  • Emerging Issues in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of agricultural sciences. The contributions by the authors include soluble sugars, total nitrogen, biomass, biotic stresses, root-knot and okra yield, food contamination, synthetic nematicides, environmental safety, chemical control, biofumigations, crop rotations, resistant cultivars, foliar application, nanoparticles, nanotechnology, entropy modeling, SSR markers, genetic-molecular tools, phytogenetic resources, agricultural production, heavy metals, agrochemicals, boost production, farm testing, harvest index, soil moisture assay, volatilization, leaching, photosynthetic efficiency. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of agricultural sciences.

  • Current Overview on Disease and Health Research Vol. 10

    This book covers key areas of disease and health research. The contributions by the authors include hemolysis, oxidative damage, red blood cell, physical activity, stomach cancer, chemotherapy, bacteremia, malaria, anemia, thrombocytopenia, antibiogram, cytology, Breast cancer, cytology smears, bronchodilator, histamine, bronchitis, leucocytosis, tumor suppressor gene, tropical disease, microorganisms, spondyloarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, ophthalmology, rheumatological diseases, disease transmission, prophylaxis.  his book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of disease and health research.

  • Recent Progress in Science and Technology Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of science and technology. The contributions by the authors include Van der Waals forces, cement sustainable materials, micro gripping, abrasive,  mechanochemical wear, protective metal-containing film, facial emotion recognition, deep learning technology, convolution neural networks, Vehicle accidents, road traffic injuries, global positioning system, vehicles tracking system, traffic management measures, social media, outcome-based education, OBE curriculum, ultrasound energy, cotton fabrics, radiative cooling technology, PV radiation filed, emissivity, transparency, transfer matrix method, surface roughness, sphericity, angle of internal friction, close-range photogrammetry, non-metric cameras, self-calibration, distortion, alzheimer’s, biomarkers, cognitive dysfunction, neuroimaging, stability of agronomic traits, textile industry, valorizing, effluent, textile sludge, waste plastic, and  poly propylene. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of science and technology.

  • New Frontiers in Physical Science Research Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of physical science. The contributions by the authors include superfluid, constant density, zero viscosity, temperature gradient, pressure gradient, Boltzmann-Planck entropy, accessible microstates, asymptotic equipartition property, neutron, standard model, dark matter, rotational speed, stellar dynamics, solar system, de Broglie wavelength, quantum mechanics, loop quantum gravity LQG, special relativity, longitudinal mass, transverse mass, momenergy, energy of the center of mass, dark energy, ferroelectrics, sol-gel method, X-ray diffraction technique, water dowsing, L-shaped iron rods dowsing, growth index ratio, Molecular dynamics, librations, boson peak, secondary relaxation, structural relaxation, johari-goldstein, far-infrared and Raman spectroscopy. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of physical science.

  • Research Aspects in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of arts and social studies. The contributions by the authors include car parking problems, urban planning, parking management, Multi-level car parking system, social-cultural factors, sustainable development goal, social disorder, social dynamic mark, social inequalities, cultural identity, historical preservation, built heritage, architectural values, parental education, psychological construct, Adolescence crisis, academic performance, LINUS Program, Malay language, national-type schools, the rite of spring, historic context, musical ontology, aesthetic characteristics, Trusting transformational phronetic leadership, high-trust culture, charismatic leadership posture, oligarchy theory, leadership life cycle theory, and self-perpetuating leaders. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of arts and social studies.

  • The Valley

    The "valley" is the situation of the state of Israel inside the Arab World. The opinions of Mustafa – a typical adult Arab – regarding Israel that he observes from a height, are shared by me with the sympathy that I can permit to myself, as to a patriot of my country. Some basic problems of the modern reality are considered with some depth, while - were it is possible - to the romantic and optimistic outlooks the preference is given. Some personal details, having pedagogical meaning, are also included.

  • Novel Aspects on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of chemistry and biochemistry. The contributions by the authors include heavy metals, effluents, anthropogenic activities, environmental pollution, polyaromatic hydrocarbon, adenine-guanine transition, SMD simulations, solution reaction mechanisms, genetic mutation, agricultural wastes, aquatic system, mutagenic effect, electro dialysis, reverse osmosis, electrochemical treatments, kidney dysfunction, hepatic damage, hypertension, phosphate solubilizing microbes, oxidation pathway, bioproducts, biorefinery, lignocellulosic biomass, technical lignin, flavonoids, lipid peroxidation, hydrolytic stability, thermal stability, adsorption, copper ions, agricultural waste, acetylcholine receptors, hydrolases, photo switches, diazo carbonyls, thin layer chromatography, anorexia, eating disorder, fatty acid molecules, redundant, isotherms, herbicide, and biowaste. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of chemistry and biochemistry.

  • Current Overview on Disease and Health Research Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of Disease and Health Research. The contributions by the authors include acute respiratory distress syndrome, endotheliopathy, macrothrombosis, microthrombosis, multiorgan dysfunction syndrome, urinary tract infection, clinical and laboratory profile, pyuria, culture and sensitivity, serum zinc level, persistent diarrhoea, acute watery diarrhoea, dysentery, health care workers, perceptions, vaccination, neuro-behçet’s disease, intracardiac thrombus, aneurysm, pulmonary embolism, COVID–19, acute respiratory infection, pandemic, medulloblastoma, cerebello-pontine angle, and histological diagnosis. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Disease and Health Research.

  • Current Perspectives in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of agriculture and food science. The contributions by the authors include metal content, stable isotopes, isotopic fingerprints, food security, agri-food crises, aerobic mesophiles, nutritional and therapeutic value of cabbage, low fatty diet, obesity, aquaponics, food insecurity, germination, anti-nutritional factors, macronutrients, malnutrition, cowpea enrichment, antibiotics, thermotolerant coliforms, mesophilic heterotrophic bacteria, hygienic-sanitary quality, food aid system, dynamic viscosity, cavitation. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of agriculture and food science.

  • Recent Progress in Science and Technology Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of Science and Technology. The contributions by the authors include heritage site, resident’s attitudes, structural equation modeling, sense of place, gas fermentation, bioethanol technologies, energy security, power quality, harmonics, microgrid network, power transfer, diffusion bonding, microstructure, light microscopy, atomic force microscopy, raman spectroscopy, irradiation effects, ion implantation, sediment flux, stream flows, tea plantation, mixed farming, antioxidant properties, polyphenols, nutrition composition, health benefit, metaverse, artificial intelligence, learners, and education settings. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Science and Technology.

  • The Crux of the Orientalist Dichotomy: Decoding the Myths and Facts

    Based on materials pertaining to Oriental studies, this work sheds light on identity recognition in the context of Orientalism in the postmodern era. The Western society has been significantly impacted by globalisation, particularly the long-standing culture of self-centeredness. In terms of mental models, postmodern orientalism differs significantly from ontology and epistemology in Western civilization. An improved and more thorough understanding of the concept of the world process is made possible by studying Orientalism in the context of postmodernism.

  • Current Overview on Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of pharmaceutical science. The contributions by the authors include orexigenic system, neurological disorders, stress, diabetes mellitus, obesity,  inflammation, coronavirus disease, powder microscopy, crude drugs, skin diseases, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic activity, green pharmaceuticals, okra mucilage, high-performance liquid chromatography, coronary artery bypass grafting, lower respiratory tract infections, beta blockers, therapeutic applications, biomolecule, malignant tumors, apoptosis, analogue designing, bioconjugates, nanosystems, novel therapeutic approaches, pharmacosomes, carrier systems, vesicular drug delivery system, medication, pharmacy services, antibiotic rationality, mental health, diet satisfaction, physical endurance. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of pharmaceutical science.

  • Critical Analysis of Molecular Biochemical Markers in Periodontal Health and Diseases - Concept and Principles

    Periodontal diseases continue to be one of the most common chronic infectious and inflammatory diseases in the world. Pathogenic mechanisms acting in periodontal diseases contain two major arms: the microbial component and the host response. Knowledge on both aspects has been increasing tremendously during the last two decades. Indeed, the progress in knowledge and the available evidence have led European Federation of Periodontology and American Academy of Periodontology to combine power and build up a new classification system for periodontal diseases in 2017 after 18 years passed since the 1999 Classification.

    Periodontology is one of the most glamorous fields of dentistry with dozens of exciting papers, which open up completely novel pathways of research. “The more we understand the scenario the more complex it becomes.” This is quite true for periodontology. However, this complexity not only attracts even more scientists to work in this field but also stimulates building new bridges between various disciplines of dentistry and medicine to make the story clear.

    Development of chair-side diagnostic tests for determining the presence or absence of periodontal disease and activity is still a challenge in periodontology. The use of biofluid samples such as gingival crevicular fluid, whole saliva, and serum as a means of evaluating host-derived products, as well as exogenous components has a great potential for diagnosis and monitorisation of periodontal diseases. Having more precise and early diagnostic tools may enable early intervention and help to develop individually tailored treatment modalities. We are not there, yet, but shall expect to arrive soon. The technological developments in laboratory methods and the closer collaboration with different branches of medicine bring great hope for the future.

    This book examines all aspects of the progress being made towards the development of highly specific and sensitive biomarkers that will overcome the shortcomings of clinical assessments in periodontics. The opening chapters present the basic anatomic features of periodontal tissues, outline the nature and pathogenic mechanisms of periodontal diseases, and discuss both conventional and novel methods of diagnosis with reference to their specificity and sensitivity. The potential role of biomarkers in periodontal diagnosis is then presented in the light of the published data. The biological samples in which potential biomarkers are sought are evaluated comparatively, drawing attention to their strengths and weaknesses, and the available technologies for biomarker studies are reviewed. The potential benefits of biomarkers are also discussed with regard to the possible bidirectional interactions between periodontal diseases and systemic health.

    Finally, the past, present, and future of periodontics are examined from a broader perspective. Readers will find the book to be an ideal summary of the state of the art in the field as biomarkers emerge that promise to facilitate periodontal diagnostics and permit timely, personally tailored interventions.

  • Research Highlights in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of agricultural sciences. The contributions by the authors include climate change adaptation, cost-effectiveness, integrated soil fertility management, technology adoption, climate smart agriculture, vermiremediation, bioremediation, homeostasis, water management, vermifiltration technology, organic wastes, path analysis, crop improvement, phenotypic levels, Integrated pest management, inorganic fertilizers, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, root colonization, biochemical and physiological alteration, canopy management, mulching, drip irrigation, irrigation levels, evapotranspiration, growth performance, cost benefit analysis, nutrient digestibility, smart farming, Gaussian processes, Kharif food grains analysis, crop modeling. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of agricultural sciences.

  • An Unprecedented Revolution in Targeted Drug Delivery Using Photonics: Overcoming Global Challenges

    “This is impossible by all means; both theoretically and practically”, said a head in photonics, that has represented a role model for me academically, when he heard my idea that I have been presenting its weekly updates to tens and tens of researchers in various fields worldwide. They all confirmed the impossibility of my objective, which is a worldwide need, and whose heads always failed to achieve. Moreover, my university -the American University in Cairo- professors and provost at that time, abstained from any academic help and wanted to cease that work. After 13 months of day and night work, consultation of tens of researchers in Egypt and abroad, thinking, reformulation, replanning and tens of iterations in several labs in various areas in Egypt, this book presents that human expected impossibility is a short-sighted view. Eventually, after billions of publications in targeted drug delivery presenting numerous ways of suggested treatments, that all failed to receive an FDA approval, this word has come to the light of science, aiming at adding to the science of targeted drug delivery and helping improve the health of all humanity as well as to facilitate the knowledge to all upcoming researchers.

    In addition to the chemical, herbal, genetic, stem-cell based, nanoparticle treatment methods the first chapter reviews, it also, for the first time exhaustively extend to involve other possible physical means such as heat, and electromagnetic interactions. Unlike other reviews that focus on listing these approaches, this work aimed at paying special attention to their applicability in treating SARS-COV-2. Then, it thoroughly presents the different interactions at different wavelengths with the body/virus/injected drug of concern as well as the physical processes supporting the required interactions. Furthermore, it adds a new insight that sheds light on the applicability of possible magnetic interactions. Not only has it been a novel, exhaustive review, but it then suggests a generic treatment approach that widely serves the field of targeted drug delivery. This roadmap aims at saving time, effort and gathering various pools of knowledge altogether, for the first time, to make it the easiest for researchers afterwards to develop this field in an accelerated manner.

    A further roadmap, specifically on the chosen interaction of frequency upconversion, was thoroughly continued with a more in-depth, exhaustive review that includes, for the first time a guided, comprehensive variables that influence this interaction. For all cited field enhancement approaches have failed to lead to the required electromagnetic output, without the use of non-biodegradable materials, a novel field enhancement approach was further suggested, that does not depend on the coating of choice. This is significant, not only for its novelty, but also for the generalization of the approach to other targeted drug delivery applications in which the target will change and, consequently, the coating material. Moreover, this approach does not only aim at treatment, but also at imaging of the target, which further opens the way of a deeper understanding of the interaction dynamics between the target and the drug, which assists targeted drug delivery scientists worldwide. In chapter 3, a numerical and empirical verification for these protocols have been provided. This empirical verification completely defied the assertion of the impossibility by photonics heads.

    Therefore, this work not only helps with treatment, imaging of a fatal disease like SARS-COV-2 and the entire field of targeted drug delivery, but also guides future researchers and verifies the suggested approach theoretically and empirically through simple, cost-efficient means that suit the constraints suffered in developing countries.

  • Current Overview on Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of Pharmaceutical Science. The contributions by the authors include hyperlipidemia, hepatoprotective effect, high fat diet, methanol extract, flavonoid, antioxidant properties, DPPH assay, diabetes mellitus, herbal drugs, metabolic disorder, traditional plants, biomarkers, electrochemical biosensor, optical biosensors, ethnomedicine, phytochemicals, wound healing, lead acetate, dose-response, glycogenolysis, glycolysis, TCA cycle, free amino acid nitrogen, phytochemical constituents, gastroretentive drug, natural polymers, and drug bioavailability. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Pharmaceutical Science.

  • Cutting Edge Research in Biology Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of biological science. The contributions by the authors include biogenic metals, amylolytic activity, natural polymers, microalgae, biosurfactant, carbon capture, bioremediation, biomass fuel, carbon footprint, conjugated dienes, trace elements, squamous cell carcinoma, limnology, microclimate, wetland dynamics, acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease, shrimp production, drug-resistant bacterial strains, antibiotics, cytogenetic characterization, genomic markers, bovine microsatellites, mutualism, seeds stratification, micro propagation. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of biological science.

  • Perspective of Recent Advances in Medical Research Vol. 10

    This book covers key areas of Medical Research. The contributions by the authors include Adverse drug reactions, cardiac failure, Type 2 diabetes, hypertension, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, respiratory failure, Classical Hodgkin's lymphoma, tumor-associated macrophages, immunohistochemistry, predictive biomarkers, antigenic biomarker, uterine fibroid symptoms, quality of life, scaling and root planning, periodontitis, clinical and biochemical parameters, chronic noncommunicable diseases, chronic kidney disease, glomerular filtration rate, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, cerebrospinal fluid, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, diabetic foot complications, refractive error, squint, ocular abnormalities, and cerebral palsy. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Medical Research.

  • Research Developments in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical science. The contributions by the authors include superficial palmar arch, ulnar artery, common digital arteries, proper digital artery, thyroidectomy, recurrent laryngeal nerve, surgical excision, in vitro fertilization, assisted reproductive technology, fresh embryo transfer, dementia, placental abruption, perinatal mortality, maternal morbidity, transgenerational traumas, EMDR therapy, psychopathology, parasympathetic system, pregnancy, prostate cancer, microbiome, chemoprevention, dietary carbohydrate, adipose tissue, hypertrophy, coronavirus, respiratory difficulties, pneumonia, brain storming, Macklin effect, sub cutaneous emphysema, dyspnea, pneumomediastinum, bruxism. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical science.

  • Research Aspects in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of Arts and Social Studies. The contributions by the authors include socio-economic status, student engagement, motivation, ethnicity, culture, identity-based model, child-bearing mother, feeding practice, socioeconomic characteristics, housing quality, estate residents, perception, neighbourhood condition, COVID-19, mental health, lockdown, casting, carving, language, refugees, immigrants, social media, happiness, satisfaction, entertainment, positive emotions, negative emotions, folk story, festivals, extended reality, and intangible cultural heritage. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Arts and Social Studies.

  • Research Highlights in Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of mathematics and computer Science. The contributions by the authors include distributed systems, concurrency, Dual operators, fundamental law of operator calculus, Newtonian binomial and translation, linear canonical transforms, fourier, gauss transforms, truncated rand function, decimal digits, vedic mathematics, digital signal processing, computer architecture designer, security analysis, hybrid one time password generation algorithm, data quality metrics and assessment, moment system of equations, Maxwell's microscopic condition, macroscopic boundary conditions, nonlinear hyperbolic system of equation, thumbprint identification, bank credit, biometric authentication, normal fuzzy BG – sub algebra. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of mathematics and computer Science.

  • Learning Manual on Basic Concepts of Ceramics in Dentistry

    It is my privilege and honour to have had an oppurtunity to bring out a manual on Basic Concepts of Ceramics in Dentistry .During first and second year of BDS course ,the students have dental material subject incorporated in their BDS curriculum.Ceramics is an important chapter which is introduced in syllabus of Dental Material subject.Learning Manual on Basic Concepts in Dentistry unveils the fundamentals of ceramics especially metal ceramics in dentistry.Both undergraduate and post graduate students in dentistry can make use of this book as manual for laboratory session and as well as for exams.We are hopeful and confident that the students will be able to understand the basic fundamental concepts behind ceramic restorations.This book contain four chapters .Chapter one describes about evolution and types of ceramics.Chapter two describes about various phases and types of porcelain.Chapter 3 describes about bonding of metal ceramic restorations.Chapter four describes about laboratory layering techniques in ceramics.

  • Current Topics on Business, Economics and Finance Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of business, economics and finance. The contributions by the authors include ecological footprint, health expenditure, urban sustainability, economic growth, air pollution, FDI inflows, export performance, foreign direct investment, global manufacturing export growth, industrial and developing country import growth, decomposition of growth, demand growth, world market share changes, market penetration, trade pattern and growth, circular economy, values inclination, budgetary process, macro-economic factors, stochastic model, hidden Markov model, brand reputation, sustainable firm performance. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of business, economics and finance.

  • Research Highlights in Disease and Health Research Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of disease and health research. The contributions by the authors include sphenoid surgery, idiopathic posterior epistaxis, artery cauterization, Kidney stone, herbal remedy, medicinal plant, infected pseudoaneurysm, wound healing, pseudoaneurysmectomy, neuropsychology, neurophysiology, autism disorder, hyperfocus, cingulate gyrus, Cardiovascular genetics, coronary artery disease, genetic risk stratification, genetics, genomics, primary prevention, genetic risk variants, polygenic risk score, blood transfusion, burn injuries, severe acute malnutrition, clinical risk factors, breast feeding, diarrhea, Unigold HIV rapid tests, dental implants, orthopedic prosthetics, immunization, neurotoxin, human tetanus immunoglobulin. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of disease and health research.

  • Progress in Chemical Science Research Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of chemical science. The contributions by the authors include activated carbon, photocatalytic degradation, microbial growth, wastewater pollution, biodegradability, organic compounds, heavy metals, chemical oxygen demand, carcinogenicity, antifungal and antiseptics effects, redox amphoteric behaviour, biological redox systems, polarisation effects, coreshell particles, axial expansion, charge-discharge processes, hydrogen evolution, alloying metals, Pd(II) complexes; schiff bases; structural analysis; X- Ray diffraction, sol-gel method; nanoparticles; photocatalytic and antibacterial activity, environmental pollution. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of chemical science.

  • Perspective of Recent Advances in Medical Research Vol. 11

    This book covers key areas of medical research. The contributions by the authors include general health, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, co-morbidity, non-communicable diseases, penile strangulation, constricting device, penectomy, bicornuate uterus, hysterosalpingography, laparoscopy, tubal occlusion unicornuate uterus, Infertility, uterine abnormalities, genital tuberculosis, microbiome, gut–brain axis, probiotics, psychiatry, gastroenterology, day care surgery, gastroesophageal reflux disease, laparoscopic Nissen-Rossetti fundoplication, hematoma, bleeding, cholecystectomy, pneumoperitoneum, therapeutic regimen, obesity,  intragastric balloons, dysbiosis, bacteria, carcinogenesis, head and neck cancer, plasma cell leukemia, paraneoplastic syndrome, encephalitis, POEMS syndrome, hypoxemic respiratory failure. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medical research.

  • Current Overview on Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of Pharmaceutical Science. The contributions by the authors include natural products, infectious diseases, immune system, immunity, COVID-19, natural cosmetics, sun screen, skin lightening, antiaging herbs, alloxan induced diabetes, hypoglycemia, solid dispersion, solubility, floating microspheres, floating lag time, in-vitro dissolution, transdermal delivery, and biphasic electrolysis. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Pharmaceutical Science.

  • Effects of Pollution on Ecosystems, Living Beings, and the Environment

    The author's book, The Effect of Pollution, Soil, Water, and Air on Life: Effects on the Use of Soil, Water, and Air on Life, Ecosystem, and Environment, aims to inform readers about environmental issues land way Impacts on water, air, and people the business, the environment, and the ecosystem may all profit from this student Researchers, academics, citizens, and interested authors hope that readers will be motivated by this book to learn more about life and living contentedly. Limit and avoid toxins Pollution that could be harmful to people Environment, soil, water, air, and all living things.    

  • Research Highlights in Language, Literature and Education Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of language, literature and education. The contributions by the authors include automated essay scoring, SARS-COV2, intelligent essay assessor, philosophy, vocabulary learning, wireless computing, social-emotional development, communication technology, capacity building, engineering education, international practice, STEAM education, multifactor SWOT analysis, teacher pedagogical competence, learner-based teaching, knowledge hiding, organization learning. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of language, literature and education.

  • Traditions and Cultural Heritage: Genesis, Reproduction, and Preservation

    The contributions assembled in this volume are the products of an intensive graduate seminar with a strong and practical focus on writing. Methodologies discourses and advices, useful as they can be have limited practical impacts. One learns how to write by writing, over and over again. Accordingly, as the seminar name “Writing Anthropology” suggests was designed through weekly written and oral exercises to practice research writing based on current standard.  It is however, the teaching methodology set in place to achieve the formulated goal that set this experiment aside. The pedagogy set in place in this project empowers graduate students, through implementation of mechanisms of collective decision-making. The students are the one making decision about the research themes to be investigated during the whole semester. Each student anonymously suggests a theme. The suggested themes are then listed alphabetically with their frequency of iteration and returned to the students to craft a short list and narrow the range of choices.  The student body of that semester decided to focus on a combination of two themes addressed from China perspective:  traditions and cultural heritage in anthropological perspectives. Harnessing tools from archaeology, linguistics, and cultural anthropology, the contributions examine the genesis, reproduction, and preservation of these fragile treasures of human mind.

  • Fundamental Research and Application of Physical Science Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of physical science. The contributions by the authors include spall fracture, geotechnical mechanics, shear resistance limit, crack development, surface waves, ITU-band, electromagnetic band gap, Bialynicki-Birula and Myceilski inequality, entropic uncertainty relations, Fisher information entropy, Fisher-Shannon product, Shannon information entropy, thermodynamics, permanent magnets, rare-earth transition-metal intermetallics, structural properties, magnetic properties, cyclic voltammetry, electrode system, chronoamperometry, chronocoulometry, photolithography, spin coating, photoresist uniformity, energy band structure, phase stability, optoelectronics, space-time symmetry, ecclesiastes, Lorentz transformation, theory of relativity, regulatory economics, wind farms, smart grid engineering,  Painleve second equation, zero curvature condition, darboux transformation, standard cosmological models, cosmological constant, cold dark matter, Einstein’s postulates, isotropization, hubble constant, math model, disclose stealth. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of physical science.

  • Diagnostic and Treatment Advances in COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2

    COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has vastly changed the world in many aspects, which should include health, economy, policy, etc. Encountered the fast spreading and high infectious rate, peoples have struggled with it by science and technology innovations continuously. Whether vaccines, drugs, or modified control policies, have all been modernized promptly. In this book, regarding to the SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, the basic theory, diagnostic technologies, treatment methods and most fresh related nanotechnology have been deeply addressed, also the deep insight on Chinese medicine been discussed of its prospective on infectious diseases control.

  • Research Advances in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of Microbiology and Biotechnology. The contributions by the authors include tree mortalities, forest management, anaerobic digestion, thermophilic, agricultural wastes, biomethane, renewable natural gas, green ammonia, green hydrogen, wind power, antibiotic, heavy metal, microbiome, urinary tract infections, multi drug resistance, diabetes mellitus, antifungal therapy, microorganisms, fungal infections, bacteriocin, antibacterial, anti-biotics,  upper respiratory tract, immune response, latent infection,  tuberculosis infection, haemopoitic stem cell, cystic fibrosis, adeno associated virus, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, human germline genome modification, hemoglobinopathies, immunodeficiencies, angiogenesis, Covid-19, HIV, energy dynamics, electromagnetic therapy, immunomodulation, infectious illnesses, and biophotonics. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Microbiology and Biotechnology.

  • Research Highlights in Language, Literature and Education Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of language, literature and education. The contributions by the authors include linguistic landscape, mobility, multilingualism, oralinguascaping, oral language, globalization, pragmatic methodology, epistemology, ontology, educational systems, online assessment, social science, discovery learning, mathematical analogy, Plomp model, academic libraries, online resources, information science, bibliometric analysis, learning analytics, coronavirus pandemic, modular learning, remote learning system,  educational management strategies, basic education, instructional leadership, management, instructional programs, academic achievement, knowledge, motivation, medical care, medical education. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of language, literature and education.

  • Research Highlights in Disease and Health Research Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of disease and health research. The contributions by the authors include Hodgkin’s disease, radio induced neoplasms, radiotherapy, secondary breast cancer, early anomaly scan, fetal abnormalities, firsttrimester scan, fetal medicine, Covid-19, Meniscus injuries, Tisseel Fibrin Glue, Meniscal tears, seroprevalence, sparganosis, child abuse, Occupational therapy, ergotherapy, medico-social rehabilitation, autism spectrum disorder, mirror neurons, mirror neuron system, transcranial magnetic stimulation, chest rontgenography, lymphadenopathy, iron deficiency anemia, diabetes mellitus, molecular beacon probes, breast cancer, molecular diagnosis, fuzzy taxonomic structures, association rules mining, pregnancy cases, antiretroviral therapy, cryptococcal meningitis. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of disease and health research.

  • Perspective of Recent Advances in Medical Research Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of medical research. The contributions by the authors include coeliac disease, gluten free diet, antigliadin antibodies, endomysial antibody, anti tissue-transglutaminase antibodies, immunotherapeutics, qnesthesia, labor analgesia, obstetrics, pregnancy, vital capacity, caesarean section, Ulcero-necrotic wound, haemorrhagic bullae, biopolymer-based dressings, autonomy,  peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis, antimicrobial susceptibility, biodegradative and biosynthetic capabilities, antibiotic therapy, Sickle cell anemia, veno-venous ECMO, acute chest syndrome, Mendelson syndrome, sickle cell crisis, blunt bone-lever technique, trochanteric fracture, elbow dislocation, dentine sensitivity, laser therapy, prophylaxis, Bell’s palsy, mucormycosis. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medical research.

  • Newest Updates in Agriculture and Veterinary Science Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of agriculture and veterinary science. The contributions by the authors include liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry assay, bacteriostatic activity, allergic reactions, bacterial infections, veterinary drugs, antibiotics, cadmium toxicity, bio-transformation, toxic effects, anthropogenic impact, taxonomic diversity, forage production, cereal crops, livestock products, feed resources, rhizobial symbiosis, mortality of piglets, nutritional deficiency, Brucellosis, DNA vaccines. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of agriculture and veterinary science.

  • Progress in Chemical Science Research Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of chemical science. The contributions by the authors include crystal structure, DFT calculations, Gibbs Free Energy, ionic strength, dissociation constant, Van’t Hoff equation, specific solubility, tetranuclear compound, intermolecular interactions, silica gel material, catalytic processes, Hirshfeld surface analysis, Mössbauer spectra, NLO property, DNA cleavage, antioxidant activity, Azo dye ligands, metallic colorants, Titanium oxide nanotube, anodization, biomaterials corrosion, mass loss, inhibition efficiency, surface coverage, pharmacological activities, Lipinski’s parameters. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of chemical science

  • Novel Perspectives of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of  Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences. The contributions by the authors include fly ash, natural zeolite, mordenite, heavy metal, stabilization, adsorption, acid rain, ecosystems, air pollution, air quality index, GIS, land use, buildings energy, retrofit, thermal and luminous comfort, colouring pollutants, photocatalyst, pollution sources, water pollution, drought monitoring, vegetation health, satellite data, and land surface temperature. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of  Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences.

  • Research Highlights in Disease and Health Research Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of Disease and Health Research. The contributions by the authors include tumor marker, cell-mediated cytotoxicity, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, coping strategies, HIV/AIDS, deformities in locomotors system, stretching, exercises therapy, autonomy, aortic dissection, type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease, haemodialysis, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, AMP-activated protein kinase, peritoneo-vaginal canal, communicating hydrocele, histology, mandible, non-hodgkin’s lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, oral cavity, and oral cancer. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Disease and Health Research.

  • Research and Developments in Engineering Research Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of Engineering Research. The contributions by the authors include wind farm, electrical system, sizing internal network, genetic algorithm, grid optimization, collaborative fusion, mobile cloud computing, security algorithm of cloud, wireless security, vehicle routing problem, medical consumable materials, clustering, foundry sand, polypropylene fibres, sheet metal, pneumatic punching, riveting machine, setting time and operating time, phase frequency detector, power, slew rate, visual light communication, light fidelity, light emitting diode, on-off keying, intensification, radio engineering, electronic educational resources, fluidized bed boiler, fault detection, weighted normalization, and local outlier factor. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Engineering Research.

  • Research Developments in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of Medicine and Medical Science. The contributions by the authors include fetomaternal, hypertension, pregnancy, pre-eclampsia, ultra-low doses, homeopathy, magnetic vector potential, cavity  structures, polyparasitism, pica syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiac autonomic neuropathy, COVID-19, drug utilization evaluation, magnetic resonance imaging, psychogenic nonepileptic seizure, epilepsy, brain abnormalities, pesticide residues, child breathing zone, ocular toxicity, atrophic gastritis, erosive esophagitis, gastro-oesophageal flap valve, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, hill’s classification, H. pylori infection, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, laryngopharyngeal reflux disease, arbovirus infections, dengue, organ/tissue transplantation, immunosuppression, skin allografts, hematopoietic chimerism, Spinal anaesthesia landmark technique, and Ultrasonography. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Medicine and Medical Science.

  • Research Developments in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of Medicine and Medical Science. The contributions by the authors include cancer cells, triple negative breast cancer, molecular targeted therapies, thyroid disease, diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, cat scratch disease, tender lymphadenopathy, rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer's disease, mechanical neck pain, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation, yoga, hypertriglyceridemia, xanthoma, oophorectomy, oophoropexy, ovarian torsion, malaria, chloroquine, parasitemia, mature cystic teratoma, neurocytoma, neurocytoma within teratoma, neuroepithelial tumor, large volume lipofilling, aesthetic plastic surgery, periodic fever, facial swelling, apthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, cervical adenitis, radionecrosis, surgical debridement, pseudotumoural necrosis, Epidemiologic paradox, Hispanic paradox, oral health status index, Left handedness, ambidextrous, Subglottic mass, spindle cell lesion, carcinoma, aerodigestive tract mucosa, Surgical Management, Hernioplasty, paraumbilical hernias, Depression, anxiety, and Dukes health profile. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Medicine and Medical Science.

  • Current Aspects in Business, Economics and Finance Vol. 10

    This book covers key areas of business, economics and finance. The contributions by the authors include non-formalizable problem, complex examinations, analytic hierarchy process, entrepreneurial values, entrepreneurial orientation, financial performance, environmental dynamism, resource availability, sustainable development, macro economy, oil price shocks, behavioral intention, e-purchase, innovation diffusion theory, theory of reason action, purchasing behavior, retailer characteristics, socio-economic activities, business management. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of business, economics and finance.

  • Recent Progress in Science and Technology Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of science and technology. The contributions by the authors include sustainable development, environmental impact assessment, air pollution, environmental indicators, soft computing methods, humanity confronts, water quality, capital-labor-time, thermodynamics, periodic profits, high-mix low volume production, lean manufacturing, airborne bacteria, broiler, natural zeolite, Image processing, image segmentation, mathematical morphology, roadway lighting, illuminance, microstructure analysis, optical emission spectroscopy, metal matrix composite, health care system,  SFP module, optical fiber, media converter, electrically conductive composite materials, solder less assembly for electronics, transmission line, ultra-high frequency. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of science and technology.

  • Novel Perspectives of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences. The contributions by the authors include coastal erosion, climate change, coastal protection measures, ecosystem-based solution, desalination, water treatment, soil moisture, soil loss, groundnut production, ice caves, water-ice phase change, heat convection, ecosystem service valuation, land use management, remote sensing, time projection, soil erosion, sediment yield, ecological project, spatio-temporal evolution, saline intrusion, coastal aquifer, electrochemical behavior, hydrogenation, and desulfurization. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences.

  • Theoretical Study of Flow Phenomena in the Constricted Tubes

    This book deals with study of fluid flow problems in the sensed regions under different situations. Stenosis is defined as a partial occlusion of the arteries due to accumulation of fatty substances, cholesterol, calcium, cellular waste products and other substances on inner walls of the artery. In this book we discussed different mathematical models by contemplating different non-Newtonian fluids with mixture of nanoparticles in constricted tubes under various situations. The main fluid characteristics namely resistance to the flow, pressure drop, wall shear stress, temperature profile and nanoparticle phenomena are discussed in details. This book is more useful for young researchers and doctors who are working in stenotic region flows.

  • Perspective of Recent Advances in Medical Research Vol. 12

    This book covers key areas of Medical Research. The contributions by the authors include tumor necrosis factor-alpha, flow cytometry, ELISA, bone marrow examination, leukemia, oral hygiene, dental plaque, ventilator associated pneumonia, aptasensors, nanosensors, portable Raman spectroscopy, surfaceenhanced raman scattering, portable NIR spectroscopy, COVID-19, mucormycosis, rhizopus, vaccine, steroids, antifungal drugs, head and neck cancers, mucositis, oral mucosa, pharmacokinetics, dosing regimen, wound healing, supernumerary teeth, and phototherapy. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Medical Research.

  • Emerging Issues in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of agricultural Sciences. The contributions by the authors include agronomic practices, optimum crop stand, carbon stocks, job security, organic waste, aggregation factor, recovered soil, coffee yield, photosynthesis, metabolomic differentiation, pyrifluquinazon, chemical control, new chemistriy insecticides, foliar Insecticides, sustainable productivity, hierarchical and linear technology, path analysis, heritability, food security, soil quality, Freundlich model, insecticides, adsorption process, post harvest management, vigor and viability, fumigation, bacterial wilt, bioformulation, biological control, micropropagation, micronutrient. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of agricultural Sciences.

  • Newest Updates in Agriculture and Veterinary Science Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of agriculture and veterinary science. The contributions by the authors include bionomics, notoedric mange, diagnosis, platys-bacterium invading platelets, bovine blood samples, pathogens, vitellogenesis, spermiation, fat snook, gonadotropin-releasing hormone, spawning, egg enrichment, saturated fatty acids, haematological indices, pregnancy, blood cell parameters, fish biodiversity, marine resources, birth weight, calving, physicochemical properties, meat quality, nutritional value, liver condemnations, abscesses, hatchery management, breeding, and finfish production. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of agriculture and veterinary science.

  • Apoptosis - A Begining of Programmed Ending

    "Apoptosis" is a funny word that is derived from the Latin meaning "to fall off", like a leaf falls off a tree. And a leaf falls off a tree when it's dead. And apoptosis refers to a process of what's called programmed cell death where the cell is actually in a funny kind of way committing suicide. And when this happens, there's a whole scripted choreography of pathways and proteins within a cell that get activated to actually kill the cell and without making too much of a mess. And this happens normally during development, for instance, in the development of the hand, that normally to begin with, the hand looks very much like a duck paddle foot and the webs between the fingers. Those cells apoptose, giving you the fingers. Too much apoptosis in an otherwise normal human being will result in a number of so-called neurodegenerative diseases where cells die when they're not supposed to die. And they get messages from some place, most of which we don't understand, to tell them to die, so in a certain part of the lower part of the brain, that's what causes Parkinson's disease. This also characterizes Huntington's disease, and Alzheimer's disease, and Lou Gehrig's disease, and a number of other neurodegenerative diseases.

    The primary objective of this book is to provide a clear and updated exposition of an imperative science of apoptosis for the readers. Accordingly, it explains the basic process involved which ultimately results into programmed cell death.

  • Glucopuncture: A Clinical Guide to Regional Glucose 5% Injections

    Through the feedback on my previous lectures and courses on nonsteroidal injection techniques, I have noticed many colleagues are disappointed in standard health care protocols when treating sports injuries, regional neuropathy, nonrheumatic osteoarthritis, and other types of musculoskeletal pain. In this book, I present an examination and injection technique which is safe and easy to apply. Depending on each individual case, Glucopuncture (GP) is a new injection technique which can be used as a single treatment modality, as an adjuvant to the standard protocol or sometimes as a replacement of standard treatment.

    Although research into isotonic sugar water (ISW) injections is still at an early stage, the available clinical data indicate that ISW Injections can become effective in reducing opioid requirements and improving the pain experience in a wide range of clinical settings. The current scientific evidence for ISW injections is inconclusive and comes mainly from a few case reports and clinical studies. However, the low level of evidence of GP does not exclude the possible effectiveness and beneficial effect in a given patient, particularly when other treatments failed, or produced serious side effects. Hopefully, in the near future, specific treatment algorithms can be presented which provide clear-cut tools for the assessment and treatment of acute and chronic musculoskeletal pain based on international guidelines, published data, and best practice recommendations. 

  • Research Developments in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of medicine and medical science. The contributions by the authors include hormonal response, muscle protein synthesis, strength adaptations, hemicraniectomy, middle cerebral artery, massive brain swelling, internal carotid, osteochondroma, bone tumor, proximal humerus, radiographic examination, molecular mimicry, post-mortem autopsy, SUD diagnosis, genetic testing, thermogenesis, obesity, metabolic rates, dietary selection, family planning practices, bioavalability, radioprotection, antioxidant, radiosensitization, smile design and analysis, immunity, COVID vaccination, immunization, parathyroid hormone, Vitamin D deficiency, hypovitaminosis, insulin action, blood pressure regulation, Williams Beuren syndrome, clinical hypotonia, amniocentesis, genomic hybridization, rehospitalization, revolving door syndrome, instrumental postpartum, pregnancy, emergency contraception, dengue fever, spine and hematoma. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical science.

  • Research Highlights in Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of Mathematics and Computer Science. The contributions by the authors include geometric algebra, bernoulli numbers, bernoulli polynomials, powers sums, zeta function, faulhaber conjecture, transcendental numbers, Gelfond-Schneider theorem, Hermite-Lindemann theorem, Baker's theorem, algebraic independence, edge-dominating set, edge-domination number, well edge dominated graph, edge domsaturation number, linux malware, malicious programs, malware analysis, double start induction machine, speed sensors, simulink, Blasius’s flat plate boundary layer, sakiadis flow, new flat plate boundary layer equations, metric space, menger space, common fixed point, weak contraction condition, self mapping, convergence, hamiltonian path, image graph, finite difference method, ordinary differential equations, numerical computations, and partial differential equations. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Mathematics and Computer Science.

  • Current Topics on Business, Economics and Finance Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of business, economics and finance. The contributions by the authors include leadership, service delivery, healthcare services, economic theory, sustainable economy, fiscal and monetary policies, personality traits, social enterprise, technological change, logistics, fourth industrial revolution, data processing, internal governance, corporate bond, intraday liquidity measure, market microstructure, bond liquidity, financial securities, rural tourism, Gutman model, planning model, consumers behaviour; brand image. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of business, economics and finance.

  • New Frontiers in Physical Science Research Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of Physical Science. The contributions by the authors include james webb space telescope, world-universe model, angular momentum, dark matter, dark epoch, luminous epoch, rotational fission, patchwork quilt, early-galaxies, cosmological parameters, Landau’s Gauge, quantum hall effect,  speed of light, particles, cosmology, thermally stratified energy source, hypersonic speeds, glow discharge, ionization instability, Richtmyer-Meshkov instability, shock-wave structure, hyperdifferential aspect of gegenbauer polynomials, chebyshev polynomials, statistical physics, mutations, entropy, energy, Lorentz transformations, mass, energy, Allais effect, paraconical pendulum, general relativity, eclipse experience, parallax, Arc residue, and Interferometry. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Physical Science.

  • Research Highlights in Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of Mathematical and Computer Science. The contributions by the authors include Dunkl wavelet transforms, Dunkl convolution product, directed divergence, optimal solution, unique continuous function, convex differentiable function, distance function, scale invariant, cybersecurity, cyber education, state-dependent delay, stochastic perturbations, asymptotic mean square stability, stability in probability, Lyapunov functional, linear matrix inequalities,  petroleum transactions, cross-layer design, opportunistic scheduling,  bitplanes, image encryption, image decryption, pixel displacement, Hilbert spaces,  digital technologies, Gröbner bases, parameterization,  remote sensing, Geographic Information System, geostatistics, geometric series, divisibility rule, Diophantine equation, pythagorean triples. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Mathematical and Computer Science.

  • Current Overview on Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of pharmaceutical science. The contributions by the authors include drug repositioning, gene expression signature, drug predict, epilepsy, Porsolt's behavioural despair test, CNS depressant activity, anti tubercular activity, microtitre broth dilution method, micro plate alamar blue assay, apoptosis, lung cancer, tumor cell proliferation, leukemia, prostate cancer cell lines, Zinc oxide nano particles, antimicrobial activity, anti arthritic activity, respiratory ailments, diabetes mellitus, pharmacokinetics, glycated hemoglobin, biomarker, adverse drug reaction, pharmacovigilance, drug information, anthelmintic activity, Schiff bases, indole moieties, inorganic elements, flame photometry, spiro derivatives, heteroatoms. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of pharmaceutical science.

  • Techniques and Innovation in Engineering Research Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of Engineering Research. The contributions by the authors include induction motor, spectrum analysis, decision tree algorithm, air gap eccentricity, pattern recognition, braking system, heat flux, braking efficiency, brake actuating mechanism, absolate vibrations, relative vibrations, vibrations indicators, vibrations norms, resistive type superconducting fault current limiter, simulink, power system, corrosion, fly ash, concrete, pozzalonic property, SCAPS simulator, absorber layer, thin-film solar cell, geographic information system, enterprise project management system, attribute data geographic spatial data, power distribution systems, methods of grounding the neutral, mathematical model, characteristics of the insulation, fault current, single-phase fault, symmetrical components, double-skin façade, building performance, water flow sensor, internet of things, smart monitoring system, and cloud server. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Engineering Research.

  • Current Topics on Business, Economics and Finance Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of business, economics and finance. The contributions by the authors include financial markets, financial institutions, monetary policy, fiscal policy, unemployment, aggregate demand, elasticity, financial intermediation, policy efficiency driver, monetarism, deflation, sustainability, abnormal cycle, development equilibrium, corrective mechanism, analytic hierarchy process, firm's bankruptcy, computer-mediated communications, self-determination theory, Foreign Direct Investment, real exchange rate, economic growth, consumer culture and behavior, macroeconomic engineering, catalytic factors. This book contains various  materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of business, economics and finance.

  • Fundamental Research and Application of Physical Science Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of Physical Science. The contributions by the authors include TiO2 nanoparticles , wet milling, solar cells, energy,  principle of relative equivalence, interconnected or enthangled relative thermodynamic systems,  X-ray imaging, medical imaging, crystal structure, rainfall prediction, aspin bubbles, anharmonic waves, gravitational lens, scaling, vortex wave beam, Weierstrass function, screw dislocation, diffraction, singular optics, dark matter, gravity, deflection angle of starlight, theory of relativity, and Michelson–Morley experiment. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Physical Science.

  • The OmpA and Rz/Rz1 Analysis Techniques

    Thank you God, for bestowing a wealth of wisdom, albeit one that we hardly ever retain. “The OmpA and Rz/Rz1 Analysis Techniques” is the title of the book the author is now thanking for helping it finish. The author received a lot of assistance from several sources during preparation, especially from Prof. Dr. Eddy Bagus Wasito, dr., MS, SpMK (K), Dr. Wiwiek Tyasningsih, drh, M.Kes, and Prof. Dr. Nuzirwan Acang, dr., DTM&H, SpPD, KHOM, FINASIM.

    That's where it all began, and hopefully it might make you a little happier and inspire you to take the next step. The author, however, believes that the book's contents still have a lot of flaws, thus he or she is hoping for helpful feedback and ideas in order to improve “The OmpA and Rz/Rz1 Analysis Techniques”.

    Thanks to the readers from the author. The author hopes that this book will be helpful to all readers in the end.

  • Molecular Interrelationship in Parkinson's Disease from a Genetic Perspective

    This review aims to give an overview of the existing evidence of multiple molecular pathways involving cytoplasmic organelles’ function, neurodevelopmental mechanisms, synaptic vesicles endocytosis, and trafficking, preserving the integrity of the cytoskeleton and axonal transport involved in Parkinson's disease etiology. The new genetic tools allow dissecting the fine molecular mechanisms that underpinned the gene expression regulation. These evolutions require new concepts for describing pathophysiological processes. Assessment of the network has already offered a perfect image of the kind and extent of the genetic interactions that substantially sustain biological systems. Potentially, molecular relations among the actors implicated in the etiology of PD provide evidence of involvement in vesicle dynamics and lipid transport (?-synuclein, UCHL1), the ubiquitin-proteasome system (parkin and UCHL1), oxidative stress, mitochondrial function and morphology provided by parkin, PINK 1, DJ-1, respectively kinase activity regulation by LRRK2 and cytoskeleton stability by tau. We place these findings in the context of the existing knowledge and the advances in sequencing technologies that improve the diagnostics of Parkinson's disease performance. Despite significant recent advances in genetics, much more needs to be done to understand the genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors that influence the Parkinsonian phenotype. Understanding the molecular mechanisms following the identification of genes mutations and low-penetrance susceptibility alleles in Parkinson's disease patients represents an essential step for the development of adequate biomarkers and potent therapies.

  • Youth Agriculture Entrepreneurship: A Tool to Enhance Entrepreneurial Success in South Africa

    This study investigated the youth participation in agricultural industry as an important instrument for development and sustainable society. In South Africa, youth participation in agricultural sector has been seen as a serious challenge, let alone their participation in the entrepreneurial activities. This challenge had its implication in various ways in the agricultural value and supply chain. It is difficult to imagine agricultural development without youth development. The development of youth in agriculture guarantees a succession in the leadership of the sector and at the same time it also ensures that enterprises are run efficiently and effectively in a sustainable manner. The aim of the study was to determine factors that influence youth agricultural entrepreneurship in Vhembe district municipality of South Africa, and the main objective was to measure the factors that may influence youth agricultural entrepreneurship success and the extent of their impact. The study used a mixed method design which involves both qualitative and quantitative research approaches. The sample size was composed of 235 youth entrepreneurs and the sample frame were drawn from non-probability purposive sampling techniques. Data was collected from a survey using a close-ended questionnaire. Focus sessions were used to collect secondary data as part of qualitative research approach. The study revealed that females constituted the majority of the entrepreneurs relative to male counterpart. These entrepreneurs were found to have basic educational achievements, implying that their capacity to conduct business professionally could be limited as results of low level of skills acumen. Furthermore, the study highlighted that the entrepreneurs under consideration were associated with survivalist entrepreneurship whose business approach was less complex. This research revealed that entrepreneurial factors were significantly positively correlated with each other. It concluded that the youth entrepreneurs in this sector lack important requisites for them to succeed in commercial enterprises. It further reveals that capacity building around technical skills may be required to ensure that these entrepreneurs are efficient and effective in carrying out their duties. In addition, it uncovered that the youth entrepreneurship in this sector were mainly survivalist who operates in environments such as school and home gardens with very marginal that are found in commercial farming and cooperatives. The outcome of the study implies that youth entrepreneurs in this sector should be mentored to be interested in commercial agriculture. In order for them to have an interest in this sort of ventures, they need to be having access and insights into farming commercial operations. It appears that the value which the study adds in the body of knowledge is on the development of an effective youth agricultural entrepreneurship development program.

  • Research Developments in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of Medicine and Medical Science. The contributions by the authors include chronic pain, inguinal hernia, lichtenstein repair,  dacryocystorhinostomy, local anesthesia, ultrasound, male breast cancer, bilateral synchronous breast cancers, invasive duct carcinoma, diet, physical activity, adiposity, dental caries, thyroid autoimmunity, anti TPO antibody, antepartum haemorrhage, postpartum haemorrhage, APGAR score, pregnancy, Vertigo, dizziness, audio vestibular medicine, vestibular neuritis, acoustic neuroma, developmental dysplasia of the hip, acetabulum, femoral head coverage, pelvic osteotomy, sexual abuse, penetrating spinal trauma, anaesthesiology, cardiothoracic surgery, spine surgery, anaesthesia induction, crohn’s disease, inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, tongue cancer, glossectomy, tongue reconstruction, local and regional flaps, free flaps, hypertension, microalbuminuria, Normal pressure hydrocephalus, Neuropsychiatric Disorders, and dentistry. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Medicine and Medical Science.

  • Recent Progress in Science and Technology Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of Science and Technology. The contributions by the authors include river valley project, surface runoff, watershed, disperse dye, Chat GPT, software vulnerabilities, code generation, cyber security, atmospheric water generation, fog collection, dew collection, relative humidity, desiccants, thermoresponsive polymers, superalloy, tensile property, cryogenic temperature, microstructure,  entropy, heat energy, electric energy, thermoelectric, photoelectric and photovoltaic effects, sensor, aggregated nanorods, flower like nanostructure, ammonia, internet of things, temperature, blood pressure, pulse oximeter, oxygen saturation,  internet technologies, transmission medium, wireless technologies, standard protocols, security keys, cosmic conundrum, big bang fireball zone, different rates of expansion of the universe, energy dependence, interaction of gamma rays and electrons, dose power, Monte Carlo methods, Moliere theory, Tabata theory, mixture of fissile products, multiple scattering theory, electron transport theory, and semiconductor detectors. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Science and Technology.

  • Recent Progress in Science and Technology Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of science and technology. The contributions by the authors include mechanical system; design faults, parametric accelerated life testing, cyclic loading, Goodman diagram, environmental information system, coal mines exploration, modern information and communication technologies, airborne scanner, aerial photography, waste management, carbon fabric; epoxy  composites, neural network architecture, orthogonal array, rehabilitation robotics, locomotor difficulties, meteorology; spherical trigonometry, vector algebra; algorithms. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of science and technology.

  • Research Aspects in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of arts and social studies. The contributions by the authors include science fiction, progressive and regressive technological change, Massive Open Online Courses, mental contrasting, gynecological endoscopy, feminism, christianity, Neo-Oriental cults, synthetic/syncretic worships, neopagan techniques, quasi-religious techniques, distance learning, learning environment, health insurance, human resource development, public security, transformation strategy, Shapley value, game theory, collective rationality, omnibus law, political imprisonment. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of arts and social studies.

  • Research Highlights in Disease and Health Research Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of Disease and Health Research. The contributions by the authors include human trafficking, medical education, child abuse, forensic stigmata, personal hygiene, school environment, health program, diarrhoeal diseases, infectious diseases, telemedicine, pandemic, epidural steroid injections, low back pain, inflammation, pain, orthodontics, analgesics, vitamin C, lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cells, paraneoplastic syndrome,  carcinoma breast, jigsaw strategy, academic achievement, maternity students’ attitudes, periodontitis, oral health, healthcare system, Covid-19, ontology, epistemology, psychosocial impact, coping, panoramic radiography, and osteoporosis. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Disease and Health Research.

  • Techniques and Innovation in Engineering Research Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of engineering research. The contributions by the authors includes fuzzy rule, wind speed, wood drying process, solar energy, point diffraction interferometer, optical path alignment, error calibration, image processing, precision measurement and control, High-precision optical systems, ultraviolet lithography, periodic structures, extraordinary transmission, electromanetic metamaterials, sub-wavelength imaging, resonance and resonating structures, ceramic glazes, decalcomania, centrifugal casting, Taguchi technique, metal matrix composites, geographic information system, remote sensing, flash floods hazard assessment, Analytic hierarchy process, morphometric analysis, hydrology analysis, low-cost radiosonde instruments, meteorology, climatology, geophysics, creative design technique, embroideries, traditional of textile application, heritage culture, Ikat technique. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of engineering research engineering research.

  • Clinical Applications of Fractals and Fractional Order Systems

    A fractal as a subset of Euclidean space is an irregular geometric object with a dimension strictly higher than its topological dimension which was introduced for the first time by Mandelbrot in 1983. Fractals are geometrical models and physical quantities which are distributed evenly in the embedding space and are not only made by some mathematical calculations, but they can be found in many places and phenomena happen each day in nature. The main characteristic of fractals which makes them unique is self-similarity in different scales, means that when we zoom in on a fractal set, we can recognize similar geometrical patterns which repeat infinite times to build a fractal.

  • Current Topics on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of Chemistry and Biochemistry. The contributions by the authors include schiff base, analgesic activity, anti-inflammatory activity, molecular organization, ellipsometry, bolaamphiphiles, organic molecules, silicon wafers, hydrophilic, hydrophobic, tedmon's kinetic, growth and sublimation, chromosomal abnormalities, heavy metals, mitotic index, cytotoxic effects, fluorinated heterocycles, 1,5-benzothiazepines, pyrazolines, phytochemical assessment, antidiabetic  properties, antioxidant properties, oxidative stress, histopathology, plant leaf extract, electromagnetoelastic actuator, piezoactuator, deformation, nanomanipulator, structural parametric model, matrix transfer function, alzheimer’s disease, adenosine deaminase, oxidative stress, inflammation, antibacterial content, methanolic extract, PAS-based fermentation, and GABA production. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Chemistry and Biochemistry.

  • A Survey on the Crossing Number Problem

    The crossing number of a graph G, denoted by cr(G), is defined to be the least number of its edges' crossings that might arise among all its drawings in the plane. The origin of this concept goes back to the Hungarian mathematician Paul Turan in 1944, when he was forced to work in a labor camp during the World War II, his problem (known as Turan's brick factory problem) in graphic terms asks: what is the minimum number of crossings amongst the edges if the complete bipirtite graph is drawn in the plane?. In this book, we collect together the results and papers that dealt with the crossing number problem through four main sections. The first section includes the presentation of the conjectures that are still uncertain, arranged by date, from the oldest to newest, the second section contains the known values for the Cartesian product of two graphs, the third section concerns the known values for join product of two graphs and the last section shows the known values for other kinds of graphs. Furthermore, we exhibit interesting examples for each presented conjecture.

  • Research Advances in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of Microbiology and Biotechnology. The contributions by the authors include biosafety, risk assessment, antifungal activity, biocontrol agent, polymerase chain reaction assays, DNA sequencing, molecular characteristics, bacteriophages, antimicrobial resistance, lytic phages, lysogenic phages, biofilm, amide derivatives, antimicrobial activity, disk diffusion method, molecular identification, low postharvest physiological deterioration, COVID-19, thromboembolic events, arterial thrombotic events, venous thrombotic events, bleedings, hemostasis, and anticoagulant therapy. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Microbiology and Biotechnology.

  • Research Developments in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of Medicine and Medical Science. The contributions by the authors include Vagus nerve, neuromuscular high-resolution ultrasounds, diabetes mellitus, autonomic neuropathy, parasympathetic autonomic neuropathy, Iron deficiency anaemia, red cell indices, serum Ferritin, Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma, extrahepatic, COVID-19, monitoring, patients’ health status, Mental imagery, emotion state, time machine question, Role of Doctor, health care system,  Lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, biomarkers, tumor, Dementia, Alzheimer's disease, neurotoxicity, neurodegeneration, amentia, Diabetic kidney disease, extracellular matrix, hyperglycemia, high glucose, Hypertension, Hypertensive nephropathy, Blood Pressure, Lesionectomy, neuroendoscopic surgery, surgical approaches, Colorectal cancer, and adenomatous polyp. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Medicine and Medical Science.

  • Emerging Issues in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 1

    This book covers key areas of Agricultural Sciences. The contributions by the authors include bioagents, cost benefit ratio effect, integrated pest management, profile of Bt cotton growers, shrimp farming, economic viability, phenotypic correlation, path analysis, food security, genetic advance, genotypic variability, phenotypic variability, heritability, hydrochemical characterization, water quality, irrigation suitability, hydrochemical facies, GIS, fortified organic manures, nutrient availability, physicochemical characteristics, crop yield, carbon storage, plantation, spacing trial, tree growth, tree spacing, economics value, organic jaggery, organic sugarcane, nutrient management, DSR technique, water soaking, pregerminated seeds, earthing up, pruning system, and post-harvest quality. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Agricultural Sciences.

  • Research Aspects in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of Arts and Social Studies. The contributions by the authors include mediocrity, social awareness, post-modern confused reality, COVID-19 Pandemic, cyber-counselling, e-counselling, web-based counselling, forensic dentistry, justice, therapeutics, civil legal proceedings, dentistry, Muslim education, Counterpart theory, dreams, sleepwalking, gender violence, sexual crimes, armed conflict entrepreneurial success, technology adoption, digitisation, business experience, education level, financial capital, women entrepreneurs, gender equality, and social changes. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Arts and Social Studies.

  • Research Highlights in Disease and Health Research Vol. 3

    This book covers key areas of Disease and Health Research. The contributions by the authors include mandibular fracture, miniplate, single low-profile reconstruction plate, neurological disorder, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, prenatal sonography, prognostic value, COVID-19, epidemiology, perinatal derivatives, diabetes, wound healing, inflammation, angiogenesis, atraumatic spleen rupture, viral infection, splenectomy, pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm, pancreas, surgery, metastasis, overhead squat test, movement screening, dynamic posture assessment, tinnitus, neurophysiology, retraining therapy, neural stimulus, tracheostomy, decannulation, spinal cord injury, quadriplegia, respiratory muscle paralysis, peak cough flow rate, missing mandibular molars, implant supported crown, flapless surgery, cemented crown, screw retained crown, implant diameter, avascular necrosis, muscle strength, hip replacement, premature rupture of membranes, maternal morbidity, chorioamnionitis, and fetal morbidity. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Disease and Health Research.

  • Research Developments in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of Medicine and Medical Science. The contributions by the authors include Vitamin D deficiency, coronary artery disease, coronary angiography, parkinson’s disease, atypical parkinsonian syndrome, dopamine transporter SPECT, COVID-19, myocarditis, myocardial injury, subclavian arterial, cannulation, covered stent, biomarker, cancer, depression, bone age, radiography measurement, iron deficiency anemia, HbA1c Levels, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular services, quality of care, clinical cardiology, colorectal adenocarcinoma, lymphovascular invasion, right-sided colon cancer, left-sided colon cancer, monozygote, user-side perspective, maternal and new-born health care. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Medicine and Medical Science.

  • Cutting Edge Research in Biology Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of Biology. The contributions by the authors include Farmer’s constraints, ICTs utilization, livestock production, mycorrhizal fungi, root colonization, mycelium, fish-byproducts, protein hydrolysate, oxidative stress, haematological parameters, glutathione peroxidase activity, hypothalamic, Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis, neuroendocrinology, immuno-endocrinology, extraction method, high-performance liquid chromatography, plant medicines, and  therapeutic value. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Biology.

  • Recent Progress in Science and Technology Vol. 6

    This book covers key areas of science and technology. The contributions by the authors include reductionism, Giussani’s experiential approach, neuroscience, Motion control strategy, Fly-by-Wire System, Integrated Servo Actuator, actuating cylinder, tuned PID controller, learning behavior, IP spoofing, DOS attacks, cloud computing, OS fingerprinting, nanotechnology, antibiotic resistance, magnetic videopulse, rotating coordinate system, resonance absorption,  dielectric spectroscopy, polymer science, biometric identification, rule mining, data warehousing, automotive-grade battery, industrial emissions, synthetic polymers, urbanization, printing devices, printed documents, photocopied markings, forgery, IoT technology, IoT advantages, business management, and application of artificial intelligence. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of science and technology.

  • Current Topics on Business, Economics and Finance Vol. 2

    This book covers key areas of Business, Economics and Finance. The contributions by the authors include territorial governance, endogenous strategy, territorial attractiveness, returns policy, product returns, business performance, and relationship, nominal exchange rate, GARCH model, forecasting, foreign direct investment, climate change mitigation, economic instrument incentives, shadow costs, financial intermediation, commercial banks, economic spending, business cycle, baxter and king filter, economic convergence, corporate fraud, financial statements fraud, financial fraud, corporate governance, accountability, labour market, strike costs, strike benefits, concession costs, ideology, militancy, irrationality, immorality, conflict, neoclassical frame, post-keynesian frame, radical-economic frame, industry 4.0, opportunities for entrepreneurs, challenges for entrepreneurs, and business scaling. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Business, Economics and Finance.

  • New Frontiers in Physical Science Research Vol. 9

    This book covers key areas of physical science research. The contributions by the authors include causal set theory, kinematic manifold, quantum gravity, quantum strings, mesomorphism, polarized optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, Liquid crystalline materials, spacetime, planck scale, dynamic optimization formulations, non-baryonic quark, dark matter, gauge bosons, Higgs bosons cosmological constant, bulk crystal growth, microstructures, elemental mapping, Bi rich domains, Z scan technique, energy-momentum tensor, Ricci tensor, entropy, cohesive energy, Newtonian physics, Maxwell equations, node theory,  Ultrasonic pulse echo technique, ultrasonic velocity and attenuation, positional Isomerism, molecular interaction, dispersive forces, information age, big data industry, Classical physics, fundamental physical constants, electrodynamic constant, speed of light, dirac large number, dimensionless Rydberg constant, Newtonian constant of gravitation, self-consistency of fundamental physical constants. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of physical science research.

  • Current Overview on Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 8

    This book covers key areas of Pharmaceutical Science. The contributions by the authors include pharmacokinetic medication interaction, anticoccidials,  antibiotics, anti-diarrhoeal activity, ethyl acetate extracts, herbal products, cancer, hypertension, diabetes, allopathic drugs, natural products, complementary and alternative therapies, pelvic chronic pain, vulvar pain,  vulvodynia systemic treatment, in situ gel of nanoparticles, adrenergic agents, hepatoprotective constituents, Siddha medicine, and polyherbal formulation. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Pharmaceutical Science.

  • Progress in Chemical Science Research Vol. 7

    This book covers key areas of chemical science. The contributions by the authors include release of metal, complex hydrogel, metal adsorption, polymeric materials, biomedicine, veterinary medicine, bioengineering, antibacterial activity, bacterial contamination, fungal infections, photocatalysis, amphiphilic molecules, chemical equilibrium, pharmacological applications, amino pyridines, therapeutic applications, hydrogen bonding interactions, intermolecular interactions, quantum electrodynamics, quantum chromo dynamics, X-ray crystallography, Henry reaction. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of chemical science.

  • Novel Perspectives of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 5

    This book covers key areas of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences. The contributions by the authors include banana production, economics value, climate change, accounting, sustainability, social capital, Covid-19 pandemic, family’s economic needs, family income, meteorological variations, space weather, solar activity, near-earth space processes, geomagnetic field, terrestrial weather, meteoparameters, calendar seasons, human health, cardiac diseases, fish productivity, catch per unit effort, pelagic fishery, demersal fishery, environmental impact, mining, tailings effect, transformations, numerical mathematical model, quaternary aquifer, mudflow, Wastewater treatment and complex organic substances. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences.

  • Research Developments in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 4

    This book covers key areas of Medicine and Medical Science. The contributions by the authors include medical abortion, intravaginal administration, reproductive health, oral cavity, biomarker, breast cancer, risk factor, meta-analysis, COVID 19, neonates, pregnancy, Phenytoin-TDM in plasma, Gas chromatography mass spectrometry, bioanalytical validation, CHO digestion, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, lipid profiles, obesity, brown adipose tissue, thermogenesis, glycogenolysis, glycemia, lip print, finger print, inflammation, matrix metalloproteinases, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, oxidative stress, informed consent, medical setting, biomedical research, research setting, human research, machine learning, dentistry, analog digital conversions, supervised learning, leisure flow experience, life satisfaction, cadaveric dissection, embalming, and anatomy act. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Medicine and Medical Science.