Cybersecurity Indicators Within a Cybersecurity Testing and Monitoring Framework
The study is devoted to developing the concept of using indicators to support decision-making in the field of cybersecurity. It describes different types of indicators, how they are generated by tools and components within cybersecurity testing and monitoring, how they can be transformed to increase their usefulness, and illustrates their use using an example of smart manufacturing. It also summarizes key observations and properties of indicators based on a collaborative multidisciplinary effort that brought together developers of indicator-generating tools, tools that consume and analyze indicators, and user representatives who have motivating scenarios in which indicators can inform about their cybersecurity status.
Design and study of the energyefficient unified apparatuses for energytechnological manufacturing
The improved industrial sample of the rotor-pulse heat generator (RPH), integrated into the thermal heating systems of industrial buildings, was produced. Rotor-pulse generators do not occupy significant positions in the market of heating equipment because of the lack of reliable data on effectiveness of the use of such equipment in the thermal heating systems of industrial facilities. The design of the developed cavitation chamber was changed, parameters of the channels, located between the rotor and the stator, were determined. It was found that the optimal width of the gap between the rotor and the stator channels at maximum efficiency of 0.7 was 8–10 mm. When integrating the cavitation chamber of the RPH into the thermal system, the design of the heat exchanger “pipe-in-pipe” was changed into the plate one. Bench tests of energy efficiency of the thermal system operation were conducted.
Research and development of the structure of a vortex heat generator by the method of mathematical modeling
The object of the study is a mathematical model of a new design of a vortex heat generator with a translational-rotational flow in a working space of variable geometry. One of the most problematic areas in the development of new and promising designs of heat generators using the physical modeling method is the search for its optimal operational-technological and hardware-design parameters. The implementation of a preliminary analysis of such designs using the mathematical modeling method will significantly reduce the time and material costs of developing promising designs of heat generators.
Research into the design of a new vortex heat generator, carried out using the mathematical modeling method, made it possible to determine the range of its operation, evaluate the operational-technological and hardware-design parameters affecting its efficiency. Research into the hydrodynamics of the translational-rotational motion of a viscous fluid flow in the working space of a new vortex heat generator with variable geometry of the working space made it possible to determine the critical speed and pressure, the influence of the geometric parameters of the device on the generation of vortices that contribute to cavitation.
The Hydrodynamics of Translational−Rotational Motion of Incompressible Gas Flow within the Working Space of a Vortex Heat Generator
The study presents the results of analytical and experimental studies of the hydrodynamics of the translational-rotational motion of an incompressible gas flow in the working space of a vortex heat generator with variable geometry. The final velocity and pressure are analytically determined. The influence of vortex formation on the ratio of parameters is analyzed. A mathematical model with a simplified design scheme simulating motion inside a vortex channel with fixed elements is developed. Based on mathematical modeling, the influence of the hardware-design (HD) design of the working space of a vortex heat generator on vortex formation inside the device is analyzed. The influence of the main geometric and hydrodynamic parameters of the device on its energy efficiency indicators is studied. The obtained models show critical areas in which the most intense cavitation zones are possible. Analysis of the hydrodynamics of incompressible gas motion in the working space of the newly developed vortex heat generator with variable geometry made it possible to determine both the final velocity and pressure. In addition, the influence of the geometry of the device on the generation of vortices that contribute to cavitation is determined. These studies can be useful in designing vortex heat generators, the geometry of which meets modern energy efficiency requirements. It was found that the geometry of the vortex accelerator improves the operation of the heat generator by 35% compared to similar existing designs.
Mathematical modeling of heat transfer processes at discrete-impulse energy input
Based on mathematical modeling, the influence of the design features of the working chamber of the rotary-pulse apparatus on the efficiency of heat exchange processes with discrete-pulse energy input was investigated. A mathematical model of the heat exchange process was developed and the influence of the main components of the process (speed, pressure and temperature of the coolant) with pulsed action on the coolant was determined. A series of experimental studies was carried out on rotary-pulse apparatuses with a single- and multi-stage system of discrete-pulse treatment of the coolant, which confirms the adequacy of the developed mathematical models. On this basis, industrial designs of rotary-pulse heat generators with one and two stages of discrete-pulse action on the coolant for decentralized heating of industrial and domestic buildings were manufactured, tested and implemented. The method of multi-stage discrete-pulse influence on the coolant is implemented in the constructive design of the working chamber of the disk rotary-pulse apparatus. The obtained mathematical models are used as the basis for the design of the working chamber of the rotary-pulse heat generator for its subsequent integration into the decentralized heat supply system. It is shown that the proposed method, implemented and experimentally confirmed in the constructive design of the working chamber of the rotary-pulse heat generator, allowed to increase its energy efficiency by 12%.
A Study of Heat Exchange Processes within the Channels of Disk Pulse Devices
The object of the study is a mathematical model of a new design of a vortex heat generator with a translational-rotational flow in a working space of variable geometry. One of the most problematic areas in the development of new and promising designs of heat generators by the method of physical modeling is the search for its optimal operational-technological and hardware-design parameters. The implementation of a preliminary analysis of such designs by the method of mathematical modeling will significantly reduce the time and material costs of developing promising designs of heat generators.
Research of the design of a new vortex heat generator, carried out by the method of mathematical modeling, made it possible to determine the range of its operation, evaluate the operational-technological and hardware-design parameters affecting the efficiency of operation.
Research of gas content and interfacial area in the downflow pipes of a circulation apparatus with jet injection gas filling
The object of research is an apparatus with jet injection gas filling. The studies are conducted on an experimental installation of a working medium of water-air. The distribution of gas phase bubbles is studied depending on the operating parameters of the apparatus. The value of the local and total gas content, as well as the specific surface of the phase contact, is determined. The gas content and the contact surface of the phases in the downflow pipes of the circulation apparatus with jet injection gas filling are investigated. The use of circulating apparatuses with jet injection gas filling is promising for carrying out mass transfer and reaction mass transfer processes. Due to the use of water energy for gas filling of the reaction space, the devices have advantages over airlift and gas-lift devices, bubble columns in chemisorption processes with slightly soluble gases.
Improvement of energy efficiency in the operation of a thermal reactor with submerged combustion apparatus through the cyclic input of energy
We examined the formation of oscillations of contacting phases (gas-fluid) in the thermal reactors, equipped with submerged combustion apparatuses, with the help of the cyclic input of energy for the intensification of heat-mass-exchange processes and improvement in the energy efficiency of their operation. It is established that the cyclic input of external energy increases the mass transfer by 2-2.5 times, as well as energy effectiveness of the process as a whole. A distinctive feature of the thermal reactor with the cyclic input of energy is in the fact that the air, preheated in the thermal installation with SCA that works on the principle of a “vapor pump”, enters the upper and lower collectors of SAD. In this case, the air is dispersed depending on the angle of blade rotation, which contributes to the turbulization of phase boundary, which improves energy efficiency of the reactor operation.
Analytical and experimental studies into the processes of hydrodynamics and heat exchange in the channels of disk pulse devices
An analytical study into the influence of basic parameters of channels in the pulse disk devices on the efficiency of processes of heat exchange and hydrodynamics under the pulse effect on a heat-carrier. A procedure has been proposed for determining basic parameters for the processes of heat exchange and hydrodynamics (flow rate, pressure, a heat-carrier’s temperature) when a liquid is exposed to the pulse effect. Mathematical models have been constructed for the influence of structural and technological parameters of channels in the disk pulse devices on the efficiency of processes of heat exchange and hydrodynamics. Adequacy of the mathematical models has been confirmed by a series of experimental studies involving devices with a single- and multi-step system of the pulse treatment of a heat-carrier. Based on this, we have designed, tested, and implemented industrial structures of the pulse disk heat generators for decentralized heating of buildings for industrial and residential purposes with the single- and two-step pulse influence. The constructed method for a multi-step pulse influence, taking into consideration the results from mathematical modeling, experimentally confirmed and implemented in the structural design of a working chamber in a disk pulse heat generator, has made it possible to improve its energy efficiency by 12 %. We have defined the most efficient geometry for a disk pulse heat generator aimed at its further integration into the system of decentralized heating. A series of experimental studies has been performed, which confirm energy efficiency of the designed devices.
Examining a cavitation heat generator and the control method over the efficiency of its operation
The research is devoted to studying the process of heating liquid using a rotary-pulse heat generator. The mechanism of heating liquid in a rotary-pulse device is theoretically substantiated. A rotary-pulse device (cavitation heat generator) for decentralized heating of buildings and industrial structures is developed. An analysis of the efficiency indicators of a heating system with a cavitation heat generator is conducted. A method for controlling the intensity of the cavitation process using a vibration compensator is developed.
