[Variant] Support `BinaryArray`/`LargeBinaryArray` in addition to `BinaryViewArray` for Variant

[alamb]

Is your feature request related to a problem or challenge? Please describe what you are trying to do.

• part of [EPIC] [Parquet] Implement Variant type support in Parquet #6736

Describe the solution you'd like
Currently VariantArray requires BinaryViewArray but by default the Parquet reader produces BinaryArray -- this means that without a workaround, it is not possible to read data from the ParquetReader without converting

According to the Arrow canonical extension type (see apache/arrow#47456) BinaryArray is valid (as is BinaryViewArray)

I added a workaround in

• Path Finding: Support reading/writing VariantArray to parquet with Variant LogicalType #8365

But this ticket tracks the work to actually support BinaryArray properly in VariantArray

Describe alternatives you've considered

Additional context

[alamb]

@mbrobbel notes here here are the other types in the arrow spec we should be supporting

• https://github.com/apache/arrow/blob/d803afcc43f5d132506318fd9e162d33b2c3d4cd/docs/source/format/CanonicalExtensions.rst?plain=1#L442-L465

[AdamGS]

take

[AdamGS]

I think there are two general approaches here:

1. Make variant array generic over the underlying type, and wrap it up in something to hide the generics.
2. Just use inner ArrayRefs, and validate at the edges

I'm starting with the second approach as it seems much simpler, but I assume there will be some performance cost.