gh-112071: Make _random.Random methods thread-safe in --disable-gil builds

[chgnrdv]

Guard _random.Random methods with critical section API locks by using @critical_section AC directive.

Fixes #112071

• Issue: Make random.Random thread-safe in --disable-gil builds #112071

[colesbury]

Thanks @chgnrdv, this LGTM.

@rhettinger, would you be able to review this? This adds @critical_section Argument Clinic directives to the methods of _random.Random. In --disable-gil builds, this acquires/releases the per-object locks around the methods. They are no-ops in the default build.

[corona10]

You don't need to add this header manually since the AC automatically adds it.
Please rebase the branch and rerun the make clinic

[bedevere-app]

A Python core developer has requested some changes be made to your pull request before we can consider merging it. If you could please address their requests along with any other requests in other reviews from core developers that would be appreciated.

Once you have made the requested changes, please leave a comment on this pull request containing the phrase I have made the requested changes; please review again. I will then notify any core developers who have left a review that you're ready for them to take another look at this pull request.

And if you don't make the requested changes, you will be put in the comfy chair!

[corona10]

LGTM (with my own push) cc @colesbury