[Python.NET] Memory Type Problems

Discussion:

Jeffrey Bush

2013-01-05 02:33:18 UTC

Hi,

I have a library in C for compression. I made Python script for testing it,
called using ctypes.

Now, I am working on a .NET library for something very similar and would
like to test it in the same way. However, I am getting lost in how to do
some of the things with your library.

The function I need to call looks like:

public static long Compress(Memory input, Memory output)

The Memory class is a wrapper around either managed byte arrays, void*
(for efficiency), or memory mapped files. This allows a unified system for
accessing general chunks of memory regardless if they are managed, native,
or on the filesystem. They are created through static functions:

public static Memory From(MemoryStream s, bool all = true)public
static Memory From(byte[] b, bool readOnly = false)public static
Memory From(byte[] b, long offset, long size, bool readOnly =
false)public unsafe static Memory From(UnmanagedMemoryStream s, bool
all = true)public unsafe static Memory From(void* b, long size, bool
readOnly = false)public unsafe static Memory From(IntPtr b, long size,
bool readOnly = false)public static Memory FromFile(string file, bool
readOnly = false)public static Memory OfSize(long size)

The only ones I can easily use are the last two (OfSize and FromFile). I
have not yet figured out how to call the other ones properly. I don't seem
to be able to allocate byte arrays with Array[Byte](10), it complains that
10 cannot be converted to System.Byte[] so it seems that it believes I am
casting instead of creating a new array. No overloads seem to exist.

So now here are my questions and the ctypes answer:

- How do I construct a byte array? (ctypes.create_string_buffer)
- How do I take a Python list/array and pass it as a pointer? (ctypes
has this conversion happen automatically)
- How do I turn a byte array into a useful Python list/array? As-is I
can't use the Python-style indexers (except negative numbers). (The ctypes
buffer works directly as a list, but also supports ".raw" and ".value")
- How do I convert a pointer into a useful Python list/array? (ctypes
casting allows this to work)

Last point, although this is probably a limitation of .NET, but just to
make sure. The default argument values can't be used, but it is possible
that this isn't even in the assembly information and only works for source
in the same module.

Thanks,
Jeff

Barton

2013-01-05 21:57:04 UTC

Permalink

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Barton

2013-01-05 22:07:58 UTC

Permalink

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Jeffrey Bush

2013-01-08 08:31:21 UTC

Permalink

How about my other questions? Pass as a pointer (like ctypes would do)?
Convert that pointer back? And I don't seem to be able to get the slices
(":") to work with byte arrays.

Thanks for the help getting the byte arrays started though. I am able to
take the output from reading a file and send it right to the array
constructor:

import clr
from System import Array, Byte
with open("file.txt", 'rb') as f: input = f.read()
a = Array[Byte](input)

One problem though is that equality doesn't work (a==input is False). But
maybe this is because one is a list of (unsigned) bytes and one is a list
of (signed) characters. a[0] and input[0] display differently.

Jeff

Post by Jeffrey Bush

import clr
from System import Array, Byte
g = (0 for i in range(10))
a = Array[Byte](list(i for i in g))
a[5]

0
Hi,
I have a library in C for compression. I made Python script for testing
it, called using ctypes.
Now, I am working on a .NET library for something very similar and would
like to test it in the same way. However, I am getting lost in how to do
some of the things with your library.
public static long Compress(Memory input, Memory output)
The Memory class is a wrapper around either managed byte arrays, void*
(for efficiency), or memory mapped files. This allows a unified system for
accessing general chunks of memory regardless if they are managed, native,
public static Memory From(MemoryStream s, bool all = true)public static Memory From(byte[] b, bool readOnly = false)public static Memory From(byte[] b, long offset, long size, bool readOnly = false)public unsafe static Memory From(UnmanagedMemoryStream s, bool all = true)public unsafe static Memory From(void* b, long size, bool readOnly = false)public unsafe static Memory From(IntPtr b, long size, bool readOnly = false)public static Memory FromFile(string file, bool readOnly = false)public static Memory OfSize(long size)
The only ones I can easily use are the last two (OfSize and FromFile). I
have not yet figured out how to call the other ones properly. I don't seem
to be able to allocate byte arrays with Array[Byte](10), it complains that
10 cannot be converted to System.Byte[] so it seems that it believes I am
casting instead of creating a new array. No overloads seem to exist.
- How do I construct a byte array? (ctypes.create_string_buffer)
- How do I take a Python list/array and pass it as a pointer? (ctypes
has this conversion happen automatically)
- How do I turn a byte array into a useful Python list/array? As-is I
can't use the Python-style indexers (except negative numbers). (The ctypes
buffer works directly as a list, but also supports ".raw" and ".value")
- How do I convert a pointer into a useful Python list/array? (ctypes
casting allows this to work)
Last point, although this is probably a limitation of .NET, but just to
make sure. The default argument values can't be used, but it is possible
that this isn't even in the assembly information and only works for source
in the same module.
Thanks,
Jeff
_________________________________________________

Barton

2013-01-08 09:51:58 UTC

Permalink

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Bradley Friedman

2013-01-08 15:19:49 UTC

Permalink

You can construct .net intptr objects from ints. So you need the address. You already provided the solution to that. In python, you get memory addresses by using ctypes. Be careful to handle it in a way that will support both 32 and 64 bit binaries.

Sent from my iPad

1) Not being much of a C guy myself, I'm not sure what to make of all this pointer business.
Especially since the object reference is capable of being indexed (and SO much more [>>> help(a)])
- Just don't try a.Address(0) like I just did - got a core dump on Mono -
2) C# type rules apply (except that python lets you try things like "a == input"); underneath Array.Equals(System.Array) is called.
hence Int32(7) == 7 is false.
- I tend to think of this package as a "wrist-friendly" (see Boo) wrapper over the Mono/.NET components more than a trying to be a type compatibility layer.
3) Slicing seems like something that is worth implementing. That would take a lot of typing out of
Array.Copy(a1, srcIndx, a2, dstIndx, len)
Great fun,
Barton

How about my other questions? Pass as a pointer (like ctypes would do)? Convert that pointer back? And I don't seem to be able to get the slices (":") to work with byte arrays.
import clr
from System import Array, Byte
with open("file.txt", 'rb') as f: input = f.read()
a = Array[Byte](input)
One problem though is that equality doesn't work (a==input is False). But maybe this is because one is a list of (unsigned) bytes and one is a list of (signed) characters. a[0] and input[0] display differently.
Jeff

Post by Jeffrey Bush
import clr
from System import Array, Byte
g = (0 for i in range(10))
a = Array[Byte](list(i for i in g))
a[5]

Hi,
I have a library in C for compression. I made Python script for testing it, called using ctypes.
Now, I am working on a .NET library for something very similar and would like to test it in the same way. However, I am getting lost in how to do some of the things with your library.
public static long Compress(Memory input, Memory output)
public static Memory From(MemoryStream s, bool all = true)
public static Memory From(byte[] b, bool readOnly = false)
public static Memory From(byte[] b, long offset, long size, bool readOnly = false)
public unsafe static Memory From(UnmanagedMemoryStream s, bool all = true)
public unsafe static Memory From(void* b, long size, bool readOnly = false)
public unsafe static Memory From(IntPtr b, long size, bool readOnly = false)
public static Memory FromFile(string file, bool readOnly = false)
public static Memory OfSize(long size)
The only ones I can easily use are the last two (OfSize and FromFile). I have not yet figured out how to call the other ones properly. I don't seem to be able to allocate byte arrays with Array[Byte](10), it complains that 10 cannot be converted to System.Byte[] so it seems that it believes I am casting instead of creating a new array. No overloads seem to exist.
How do I construct a byte array? (ctypes.create_string_buffer)
How do I take a Python list/array and pass it as a pointer? (ctypes has this conversion happen automatically)
How do I turn a byte array into a useful Python list/array? As-is I can't use the Python-style indexers (except negative numbers). (The ctypes buffer works directly as a list, but also supports ".raw" and ".value")
How do I convert a pointer into a useful Python list/array? (ctypes casting allows this to work)
Last point, although this is probably a limitation of .NET, but just to make sure. The default argument values can't be used, but it is possible that this isn't even in the assembly information and only works for source in the same module.
Thanks,
Jeff
_________________________________________________
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/pythondotnet

_________________________________________________
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/pythondotnet

Jeffrey Bush

2013-01-15 08:38:37 UTC

Permalink

Thanks for all your input! With your help I have been able to get
everything working as expected. Getting the address of a string
with ctypes was a bit trickier than I expected, but I the end the following
works (if anyone would like to know):

import ctypes
from System import IntPtr
addr = ctypes.cast(ctypes.c_char_p(s), ctypes.c_void_p).value
ptr = IntPtr.__overloads__[long](addr)

That is for "str" objects. As a side note these should be treated as
read-only due to Python optimizations with strings. For things that come
from ctypes.create_string_bufffer() the ctypes.c_char_p(s) should be just s.
These are not read-only.

The last thing I would like to suggest to make things more "wrist friendly"
as you put it is to make the need for __overloads__ less by making it
smarter. Two examples come to mind. First is the example above. If I try
IntPtr(5) or IntPtr(5L) it complains that "'int/long' value cannot be
converted to System.IntPtr". It seems like it is trying to cast or
something instead of call the constructor. Or maybe since ints and longs
are both ValueTypes it can't choose which to use. Or maybe even just the
fact they use the same number of arguments.

Another example is later on when I am using Memory objects from my code.
The Memory class is abstract and has two concrete implementations:
ManagedMemory and UnmanagedMemory. I was trying to call a method that takes
either one of these three along with any type of array of value-types. In
this case all of Python crashes when it tries to convert the
UnmanagedMemory object to an array (exception text is at the end of this
message). This is something that should be determinable by the .NET bridge.

For now I won't be needing to write much more than I have using Python for
.NET, however it would be nice to make the system a little smarter with
overloads.

Thanks for the great work so far!
Jeff

Exception that crashes Python:

Unhandled Exception: System.NotSupportedException: Cannot create arrays of
TypedReference, ArgIterator, ByRef, or RuntimeArgumentHandle Objects.
at System.Array.InternalCreate(Void* elementType, Int32 rank, Int32*
pLengths, Int32* pLowerBounds)
at System.Array.CreateInstance(Type elementType, Int32 length)
at Python.Runtime.Converter.ToArray(IntPtr value, Type obType, Object&
result, Boolean setError) in D:\Users\Barton\Documents\Visual Studio
2010\Projects\PySharp\trunk\pythonnet\src\runtime\converter.cs:line 648
at Python.Runtime.Converter.ToManagedValue(IntPtr value, Type obType,
Object& result, Boolean set Error) in D:\Users\Barton\Documents\Visual
Studio 2010\Projects\PySharp\trunk\pythonnet\src\runtime\converter.cs:line
263
at Python.Runtime.Converter.ToManaged(IntPtr value, Type type, Object&
result, Boolean setError) in D:\Users\Barton\Documents\Visual Studio
2010\Projects\PySharp\trunk\pythonnet\src\runtime\converter.cs:line 201
at Python.Runtime.MethodBinder.Bind(IntPtr inst, IntPtr args, IntPtr kw,
MethodBase info, MethodInfo[] methodinfo) in
D:\Users\Barton\Documents\Visual Studio
2010\Projects\PySharp\trunk\pythonnet\src\runtime\methodbinder.cs:line 278
at Python.Runtime.MethodBinder.Invoke(IntPtr inst, IntPtr args, IntPtr
kw, MethodBase info, MethodInfo[] methodinfo) in
D:\Users\Barton\Documents\Visual Studio
2010\Projects\PySharp\trunk\pythonnet\src\runtime\methodbinder.cs:line 340
at Python.Runtime.MethodObject.Invoke(IntPtr target, IntPtr args, IntPtr
kw, MethodBase info) in D:\Users\Barton\Documents\Visual Studio
2010\Projects\PySharp\trunk\pythonnet\src\runtime\methodobject.cs:line 63
at Python.Runtime.MethodBinding.tp_call(IntPtr ob, IntPtr args, IntPtr
kw) in D:\Users\Barton\Documents\Visual Studio
2010\Projects\PySharp\trunk\pythonnet\src\runtime\methodbinding.cs:line 135

Post by Bradley Friedman
You can construct .net intptr objects from ints. So you need the address.
You already provided the solution to that. In python, you get memory
addresses by using ctypes. Be careful to handle it in a way that will
support both 32 and 64 bit binaries.
Sent from my iPad
1) Not being much of a C guy myself, I'm not sure what to make of all
this pointer business.
Especially since the object reference is capable of being indexed
(and SO much more [>>> help(a)])
- Just don't try a.Address(0) like I just did - got a core dump on Mono -
2) C# type rules apply (except that python lets you try things like "a ==
input"); underneath Array.Equals(System.Array) is called.
hence Int32(7) == 7 is false.
- I tend to think of this package as a "wrist-friendly" (see
Boo) wrapper over the Mono/.NET components more than a trying to be a type
compatibility layer.
3) Slicing seems like something that is worth implementing. That would
take a lot of typing out of
Array.Copy(a1, srcIndx, a2, dstIndx, len)
Great fun,
Barton
How about my other questions? Pass as a pointer (like ctypes would do)?
Convert that pointer back? And I don't seem to be able to get the slices
(":") to work with byte arrays.
Thanks for the help getting the byte arrays started though. I am able to
take the output from reading a file and send it right to the array
import clr
from System import Array, Byte
with open("file.txt", 'rb') as f: input = f.read()
a = Array[Byte](input)
One problem though is that equality doesn't work (a==input is False).
But maybe this is because one is a list of (unsigned) bytes and one is a
list of (signed) characters. a[0] and input[0] display differently.
Jeff

Post by Jeffrey Bush

Post by Jeffrey Bush
import clr
from System import Array, Byte
g = (0 for i in range(10))
a = Array[Byte](list(i for i in g))
a[5]

0
Hi,
I have a library in C for compression. I made Python script for testing
it, called using ctypes.
Now, I am working on a .NET library for something very similar and
would like to test it in the same way. However, I am getting lost in how to
do some of the things with your library.
public static long Compress(Memory input, Memory output)
The Memory class is a wrapper around either managed byte arrays, void*
(for efficiency), or memory mapped files. This allows a unified system for
accessing general chunks of memory regardless if they are managed, native,
public static Memory From(MemoryStream s, bool all = true)public static Memory From(byte[] b, bool readOnly = false)public static Memory From(byte[] b, long offset, long size, bool readOnly = false)public unsafe static Memory From(UnmanagedMemoryStream s, bool all = true)public unsafe static Memory From(void* b, long size, bool readOnly = false)public unsafe static Memory From(IntPtr b, long size, bool readOnly = false)public static Memory FromFile(string file, bool readOnly = false)public static Memory OfSize(long size)
The only ones I can easily use are the last two (OfSize and FromFile).
I have not yet figured out how to call the other ones properly. I don't
seem to be able to allocate byte arrays with Array[Byte](10), it complains
that 10 cannot be converted to System.Byte[] so it seems that it believes I
am casting instead of creating a new array. No overloads seem to exist.
- How do I construct a byte array? (ctypes.create_string_buffer)
- How do I take a Python list/array and pass it as a pointer?
(ctypes has this conversion happen automatically)
- How do I turn a byte array into a useful Python list/array? As-is I
can't use the Python-style indexers (except negative numbers). (The ctypes
buffer works directly as a list, but also supports ".raw" and ".value")
- How do I convert a pointer into a useful Python list/array? (ctypes
casting allows this to work)
Last point, although this is probably a limitation of .NET, but just to
make sure. The default argument values can't be used, but it is possible
that this isn't even in the assembly information and only works for source
in the same module.
Thanks,
Jeff

_________________________________________________
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/pythondotnet

Barton

2013-01-18 06:15:29 UTC

Permalink

_________________________________________________
Python.NET mailing list - PythonDotNet-+ZN9ApsXKcEdnm+***@public.gmane.org
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/pythondotnet

Jeffrey Bush

2013-01-18 06:34:46 UTC

Permalink

I noticed the duality of the __overloads__ and Overloads. But I decided to
follow the readme (http://pythonnet.sourceforge.net/readme.html). It is
possible it should be updated. Also the array example is not so good... it
led me done the right road for Array[Byte](...).

Jeff

__overloads__ has been deprecated for some time now.
I prefer the IP compatible Overloads.

Post by Bradley Friedman

Post by Jeffrey Bush

Post by Jeffrey Bush
import clr
from System import Int32
help(Int32)

| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of CLR Metatype object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
| Finalize
| Void Finalize()
|
| GetType
| System.Type GetType()
|
| MemberwiseClone
| System.Object MemberwiseClone()
|
| Overloads
|
| ReferenceEquals
| Boolean ReferenceEquals(System.Object, System.Object)
|
| __overloads__
As for the smarts behind it, it'll be fun to get back into the guts and
see if some improvements can be made.
Oh boy; I just love those System.NotSupportedException(s)!
Thanks for the feedback.
Thanks for all your input! With your help I have been able to get
everything working as expected. Getting the address of a string
with ctypes was a bit trickier than I expected, but I the end the following
import ctypes
from System import IntPtr
addr = ctypes.cast(ctypes.c_char_p(s), ctypes.c_void_p).value
ptr = IntPtr.[long](addr)
That is for "str" objects. As a side note these should be treated as
read-only due to Python optimizations with strings. For things that come
from ctypes.create_string_bufffer() the ctypes.c_char_p(s) should be just
s. These are not read-only.
The last thing I would like to suggest to make things more "wrist
friendly" as you put it is to make the need for __overloads__ less by
making it smarter. Two examples come to mind. First is the example above.
If I try IntPtr(5) or IntPtr(5L) it complains that "'int/long' value
cannot be converted to System.IntPtr". It seems like it is trying to cast
or something instead of call the constructor. Or maybe since ints and longs
are both ValueTypes it can't choose which to use. Or maybe even just the
fact they use the same number of arguments.
Another example is later on when I am using Memory objects from my code.
ManagedMemory and UnmanagedMemory. I was trying to call a method that takes
either one of these three along with any type of array of value-types. In
this case all of Python crashes when it tries to convert the
UnmanagedMemory object to an array (exception text is at the end of this
message). This is something that should be determinable by the .NET bridge.
For now I won't be needing to write much more than I have using Python
for .NET, however it would be nice to make the system a little smarter with
overloads.
Thanks for the great work so far!
Jeff
Unhandled Exception: System.NotSupportedException: Cannot create arrays
of TypedReference, ArgIterator, ByRef, or RuntimeArgumentHandle Objects.
at System.Array.InternalCreate(Void* elementType, Int32 rank, Int32*
pLengths, Int32* pLowerBounds)
at System.Array.CreateInstance(Type elementType, Int32 length)
at Python.Runtime.Converter.ToArray(IntPtr value, Type obType, Object&
result, Boolean setError) in D:\Users\Barton\Documents\Visual Studio
2010\Projects\PySharp\trunk\pythonnet\src\runtime\converter.cs:line 648
at Python.Runtime.Converter.ToManagedValue(IntPtr value, Type obType,
Object& result, Boolean set Error) in D:\Users\Barton\Documents\Visual
Studio 2010\Projects\PySharp\trunk\pythonnet\src\runtime\converter.cs:line
263
at Python.Runtime.Converter.ToManaged(IntPtr value, Type type, Object&
result, Boolean setError) in D:\Users\Barton\Documents\Visual Studio
2010\Projects\PySharp\trunk\pythonnet\src\runtime\converter.cs:line 201
at Python.Runtime.MethodBinder.Bind(IntPtr inst, IntPtr args, IntPtr
kw, MethodBase info, MethodInfo[] methodinfo) in
D:\Users\Barton\Documents\Visual Studio
2010\Projects\PySharp\trunk\pythonnet\src\runtime\methodbinder.cs:line 278
at Python.Runtime.MethodBinder.Invoke(IntPtr inst, IntPtr args, IntPtr
kw, MethodBase info, MethodInfo[] methodinfo) in
D:\Users\Barton\Documents\Visual Studio
2010\Projects\PySharp\trunk\pythonnet\src\runtime\methodbinder.cs:line 340
at Python.Runtime.MethodObject.Invoke(IntPtr target, IntPtr args,
IntPtr kw, MethodBase info) in D:\Users\Barton\Documents\Visual Studio
2010\Projects\PySharp\trunk\pythonnet\src\runtime\methodobject.cs:line 63
at Python.Runtime.MethodBinding.tp_call(IntPtr ob, IntPtr args, IntPtr
kw) in D:\Users\Barton\Documents\Visual Studio
2010\Projects\PySharp\trunk\pythonnet\src\runtime\methodbinding.cs:line 135

Post by Bradley Friedman
You can construct .net intptr objects from ints. So you need the
address. You already provided the solution to that. In python, you get
memory addresses by using ctypes. Be careful to handle it in a way that
will support both 32 and 64 bit binaries.
Sent from my iPad
1) Not being much of a C guy myself, I'm not sure what to make of all
this pointer business.
Especially since the object reference is capable of being indexed
(and SO much more [>>> help(a)])
- Just don't try a.Address(0) like I just did - got a core dump on Mono -
2) C# type rules apply (except that python lets you try things like "a ==
input"); underneath Array.Equals(System.Array) is called.
hence Int32(7) == 7 is false.
- I tend to think of this package as a "wrist-friendly" (see
Boo) wrapper over the Mono/.NET components more than a trying to be a type
compatibility layer.
3) Slicing seems like something that is worth implementing. That would
take a lot of typing out of
Array.Copy(a1, srcIndx, a2, dstIndx, len)
Great fun,
Barton
How about my other questions? Pass as a pointer (like ctypes would do)?
Convert that pointer back? And I don't seem to be able to get the slices
(":") to work with byte arrays.
Thanks for the help getting the byte arrays started though. I am able
to take the output from reading a file and send it right to the array
import clr
from System import Array, Byte
with open("file.txt", 'rb') as f: input = f.read()
a = Array[Byte](input)
One problem though is that equality doesn't work (a==input is False).
But maybe this is because one is a list of (unsigned) bytes and one is a
list of (signed) characters. a[0] and input[0] display differently.
Jeff

Post by Jeffrey Bush

Post by Jeffrey Bush
import clr
from System import Array, Byte
g = (0 for i in range(10))
a = Array[Byte](list(i for i in g))
a[5]

0
Hi,
I have a library in C for compression. I made Python script for
testing it, called using ctypes.
Now, I am working on a .NET library for something very similar and
would like to test it in the same way. However, I am getting lost in how to
do some of the things with your library.
public static long Compress(Memory input, Memory output)
The Memory class is a wrapper around either managed byte arrays, void*
(for efficiency), or memory mapped files. This allows a unified system for
accessing general chunks of memory regardless if they are managed, native,
public static Memory From(MemoryStream s, bool all = true)public static Memory From(byte[] b, bool readOnly = false)public static Memory From(byte[] b, long offset, long size, bool readOnly = false)public unsafe static Memory From(UnmanagedMemoryStream s, bool all = true)public unsafe static Memory From(void* b, long size, bool readOnly = false)public unsafe static Memory From(IntPtr b, long size, bool readOnly = false)public static Memory FromFile(string file, bool readOnly = false)public static Memory OfSize(long size)
The only ones I can easily use are the last two (OfSize and FromFile).
I have not yet figured out how to call the other ones properly. I don't
seem to be able to allocate byte arrays with Array[Byte](10), it complains
that 10 cannot be converted to System.Byte[] so it seems that it believes I
am casting instead of creating a new array. No overloads seem to exist.
- How do I construct a byte array? (ctypes.create_string_buffer)
- How do I take a Python list/array and pass it as a pointer?
(ctypes has this conversion happen automatically)
- How do I turn a byte array into a useful Python list/array? As-is
I can't use the Python-style indexers (except negative numbers). (The
ctypes buffer works directly as a list, but also supports ".raw" and
".value")
- How do I convert a pointer into a useful Python list/array?
(ctypes casting allows this to work)
Last point, although this is probably a limitation of .NET, but just
to make sure. The default argument values can't be used, but it is possible
that this isn't even in the assembly information and only works for source
in the same module.
Thanks,
Jeff

_________________________________________________
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/pythondotnet

_________________________________________________