All last summer, we searched every milkweed plant we saw for monarch caterpillars. We did the same this summer, for weeks. Maya became an expert at identifying milkweed from afar. I told her about raising monarchs when I was a kid: bringing them daily milkweed leaves, waiting for them to transform into butterflies, then setting them free. I wished for the same wondrous experience for her. But we found no signs of the distinctive striped caterpillars.
Until finally, on July 3, we hit the jackpot!
Until finally, on July 3, we hit the jackpot!
We found eight at once! We happened upon them near a small lake where we were fishing and catching frogs. The caterpillars ranged in size from
itty-bitty to about as large as they get. Based on my experience and the reading I've done, I do
believe they have a better chance of survival with help from some conscientious humans. So we brought them all home.
We installed them in two big jars and harvested fresh milkweed for them each day from the patch in our garden.
We installed them in two big jars and harvested fresh milkweed for them each day from the patch in our garden.
Maya was, luckily, almost as excited about them as I was.
It's important to me that this small kid in my care gets plenty of close contact with the natural world. At the same time, I'm responsible for the well-being of these delicate wild critters in our care. The caterpillars didn't particularly need any handling, but they seemed no worse for the (limited and supervised) visiting hours. And Maya benefited hugely from feeling their tickly little legs moving across her skin. She noticed the longer antennas on their heads and the shorter, faux-antennas on their back ends. She got to see firsthand how quickly they grew bigger. She collected fresh milkweed and helped me dump out the old leaves and plentiful caterpillar poop. She asked and wondered and observed.
Meanwhile, the caterpillars munched and grew, rested, shed their too-small skins, and munched and grew some more.
| Medium, large, and itty bitty. |
After just a few days, the biggest ones were hanging at the top of the jars in J-shapes. They soon transformed into jade-green chrysalises flecked with gold. After another week or so, the two tiny ones had grown to full size and become chrysalises as well.
| They spin a silky web that attaches them firmly to the smooth wall of the jar. |
I'd never seen the caterpillar-to-chrysalis transformation in action. With eight opportunities, I hoped this would be my chance. The caterpillar hangs upside down, barely moving, for about 24 hours. But the change itself goes remarkably fast. It's actually a final molt. The caterpillar sheds one last skin to reveal the chrysalis beneath. Despite watching carefully, I missed the first few, sometimes just by minutes. Finally I saw one very shortly after it changed - it was still soft and wrinkly and wriggling around, but it was all green. Wild! We never actually caught the whole process, start to finish, but Maya and I did see a few more in the soft, wriggling, green stage before they hardened into smooth chrysalises.
I'd also never watched a butterfly emerge from its chrysalis. It's easy to tell when it's imminent. The chrysalis becomes transparent and you can see the orange-and-black wings inside. My sources claimed that the butterflies usually emerge in mid-morning.
| The butterfly within is clearly visible. |
The first one actually came out in the evening, but the next morning two more looked ready. Sure enough, our vigilance paid off. Maya and I watched the chrysalis split open vertically and the butterfly break out.
| The butterfly emerges in the same head-down position as the hanging caterpillar. |
| Immediately after emergence, the abdomen is swollen with fluid and the wings are very small. |
The butterfly pumps fluid from its abdomen into its wings and they quickly grow to full size. But it takes several hours for the wings to dry and be ready for flight, so it doesn't go anywhere right away.
It's a perfect opportunity to spend a little more time admiring them before they fly off into their new butterfly lives.They seem very comfortable hanging out on our fingers.
Or even faces! This one crawled from my finger up my arm, around to my back, and right up onto my cheek.
Maya was captivated. Even the canine was curious.
They are truly beautiful. And insect metamorphosis is just plain mind-boggling.
Even after seeing the entire process, up close, first-hand, from childhood on, it's hard to believe that this nectar-sipping winged wonder is the very same creature as the stripy caterpillar that industriously munched milkweed leaves.
One last tidbit: Did you know that it's easy to tell the sex of a monarch butterfly? The two black dots on the lower wings of the one below mark it as a male. They are scent glands that only the males have. Males also typically have narrower black lines separating the orange patches on their wings than the females do.
All eight of our caterpillars made a successful metamorphosis. Four males and four females, as best I could tell. (I forgot to check the first one and had to make a guess from a few photos we took before it flew.) One by one, we wished them luck as they fluttered off to find nectar and mates and perpetuate the next generation.
Then, a few weeks later, we found another batch in the field at Burt Lake, We brought home four more to share with the extended family. They all soon transformed into chrysalises. I didn't want to confuse them with a long-distance move before releasing them as butterflies, so we left them at the cottage to emerge. My mom reports that they all emerged and flew.
We even spotted one more caterpillar near Burt Lake on Labor Day weekend, but we were on our way to the Upper Peninsula and left it in situ (to Maya's dismay). Given how many caterpillars we found, a number of other friends who also reported caterpillar success, and the many butterflies we spotted, it seemed to be a good year for monarchs - much better than other recent ones. I don't know what this means for their long-term survival, but I'll take this as a rare piece of good news!

