[12.x] JSON API: Deduplicate circular references

[mateusjatenee]

Branching off of #58329
The previous PR went a bit astray so I wanted to keep this one focused.

The problem: When using things like chaperone, where two models reference themselves, compileResourceRelationships will turn into an infinite loop as it adds the available relationships into the resource map. For example:

class User extends Model
{
    public function posts()
    {
        return $this->hasMany(Post::class)->chaperone();
    }
}

class Post extends Model
{
    public function author()
    {
        return $this->belongsTo(User::class);
    }
}


class UserResource extends JsonApiResource
{
    protected array $relationships = [
        'posts' => PostResource::class,
    ];
}

class PostResource extends JsonApiResource
{
    protected array $relationships = [
        'author' => UserResource::class,
    ];
}

The following hangs:

return User::with('posts')->find(1)->toResource();

This PR fixes that by using a WeakMap to track visited object instances along with their resource type, preventing the same object from being processed multiple times. It does not handle any additional deduplication we discussed/implemented on #58329