perf(new-execution): use page-based approach for merkle tree metering

[shuklaayush]

• Replace the vector of leaf indices with a BitSet of page indices
• Update merkle tree chip height based on page faults
• Fix merkle tree metering when continuations is disabled
• Fix access adapter metering on finalization
• Delete test_segmentation_retry since it's not relevant now

Towards INT-4068

[codspeed-hq]

CodSpeed WallTime Performance Report

Merging #1770 will improve performances by 36.24%

_{Comparing feat/new-exec-fix-e2-merkle-hashmap (8488120) with feat/new-execution (b0b892f)}

⚠️ Unknown Walltime execution environment detected

Using the Walltime instrument on standard Hosted Runners will lead to inconsistent data.

For the most accurate results, we recommend using CodSpeed Macro Runners: bare-metal machines fine-tuned for performance measurement consistency.

Summary

⚡ 4 improvements
✅ 16 untouched benchmarks

Benchmarks breakdown

	Benchmark	BASE	HEAD	Change
⚡	benchmark_execute_metered[bubblesort]	475.4 ms	417.9 ms	+13.74%
⚡	benchmark_execute_metered[keccak256]	594.6 ms	437.1 ms	+36.04%
⚡	benchmark_execute_metered[quicksort]	543.8 ms	440.1 ms	+23.58%
⚡	benchmark_execute_metered[sha256]	597.9 ms	438.8 ms	+36.24%

[codspeed-hq]

CodSpeed Instrumentation Performance Report

Merging #1770 will improve performances by 16.4%

_{Comparing feat/new-exec-fix-e2-merkle-hashmap (8d3bfdf) with feat/new-execution (8730118)}

Summary

⚡ 3 improvements
✅ 17 untouched benchmarks

Benchmarks breakdown

	Benchmark	BASE	HEAD	Change
⚡	benchmark_execute_metered[keccak256]	2.8 s	2.4 s	+16.31%
⚡	benchmark_execute_metered[quicksort]	2.8 s	2.5 s	+11.78%
⚡	benchmark_execute_metered[sha256]	2.8 s	2.4 s	+16.4%

[jonathanpwang]

the interaction bound is always stricter than timestamp overflow, so timestamp overflow does not need to be tracked

[jonathanpwang]

LGTM, although we would still prefer if we could skip the page approach altogether (I'm assuming you tried this one first since it was faster to implement)

[github-actions]

group	app.proof_time_ms	app.cycles	app.cells_used	leaf.proof_time_ms	leaf.cycles	leaf.cells_used
verify_fibair	(-20 [-1.6%]) 1,270	322,642	17,339,470	-	-	-
fibonacci	(+37 [+1.7%]) 2,214	1,500,277	50,589,503	-	-	-
regex	6,821	4,165,432	166,519,456	-	-	-
ecrecover	(+6 [+0.5%]) 1,160	137,260	8,151,353	-	-	-
pairing	3,914	1,862,964	97,508,739	-	-	-

Commit: 8488120

Benchmark Workflow