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RKE的方式快速部署K8S集群
使用RKE的方式部署K8S的高可用集群。RKE是一款经过CNCF认证的开源Kubernetes发行版，可以在Docker容器内运行。它通过删除大部分主机依赖项，并为部署、升级和回滚提供一个稳定的路径，从而解决了Kubernetes最常见的安装复杂性问题。
借助RKE，Kubernetes可以完全独立于正在运行的操作系统和平台，轻松实现Kubernetes的自动化运维。只要运行受支持的Docker版本，就可以通过RKE部署和运行Kubernetes
RKE官方文档说明介绍：https://www.rancher.cn/products/rke/
运行环境
机器需要满足以下几个条件：
- 一台或多台机器，操作系统CentOS7.x-86_64（个人选择CentOS7.9）
- 硬件配置：2GB或更多RAM，2个CPU或更多CPU，硬盘30GB或更多
- 集群中所有机器之间网络互通
- 可以访问外网，需要拉取镜像，如果服务器不能上网，需要提前下载镜像并导入节点
- 禁止swap分区，可参考之前二进制部署k8s的前提环境
服务器整体规划
| 名称 | IP | 组件 |
|---|---|---|
| master01 | 10.80.210.180 | controlplane、rancher、rke、kubectl |
| node01 | 10.80.210.181 | worker |
| etcd01 | 10.80.210.182 | etcd |
软件环境
| 软件 | 版本 |
|---|---|
| docker | 20.10.18 |
| 操作系统 | centos 7.9 |
初始化环境准备
所有机器执行
#根据规划设置主机名
hostnamectl set-hostname <hostname> #分别设置为 master01、node01、etcd01
hostname #确认是否配置生效
# 关闭防火墙 如果是minimal安装，默认没有装 firewalld
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
#关闭selinux
setenforce 0 && sed -i 's/^SELINUX=.*/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
#关闭swap
swapoff -a && sed -i '/ swap / s/^\(.*\)$/#\1/g' /etc/fstab
#文件数设置
ulimit -SHn 65535
cat >> /etc/security/limits.conf <<EOF
* soft nofile 655360
* hard nofile 131072
* soft nproc 655350
* hard nproc 655350
* seft memlock unlimited
* hard memlock unlimitedd
EOF
#在master添加hosts
cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
10.80.210.180 master01
10.80.210.181 node01
10.80.210.182 etcd01
EOF
#将桥接的IPv4流量传递到iptables的链
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
#开启网桥模式【重要】
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=1
#开启网桥模式【重要】
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables=1
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle=0
# 禁止使用 swap 空间，只有当系统 OOM 时才允许使用它
vm.swappiness=0
# 不检查物理内存是否够用
vm.overcommit_memory=1
# 开启 OOM
vm.panic_on_oom=0
fs.inotify.max_user_instances=8192
fs.inotify.max_user_watches=1048576
fs.file-max=52706963
fs.nr_open=52706963
#关闭ipv6【重要】
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max=2310720
EOF
# 加载网桥过滤模块
modprobe br_netfilter
# 查看网桥过滤模块是否成功加载
lsmod | grep br_netfilter
# 重新刷新配置
sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
#时间同步
yum install ntpdate -y
ntpdate time.windows.com
#或者配置crontab执行:
`crontab -e`
0 */1 * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate ntp1.aliyun.com
#关闭及禁用邮件服务
systemctl stop postfix && systemctl disable postfix
安装Docker和Docker-compose
步骤忽略：参考之前自己的部署笔记,–>https://199604.com/2011 和 https://199604.com/2039
添加创建普通用户
为了安全起见，能不使用 root 账号操作就不使用，因此要添加专用的账号进行 docker 操作。
需要在每个节点重复该操作添加账号
创建 rancher 用户，添加到 docker 组
useradd rancher
usermod -aG docker rancher
passwd rancher
RKE所在主机上创建密钥
RKE所在主机-master01创建ssh-key,执行
#生成的密钥
ssh-keygen
#将所生成的密钥的公钥分发到各个节点
ssh-copy-id rancher@master01
ssh-copy-id rancher@node01
ssh-copy-id rancher@etcd01
重启每台机器
最好重启一下机器。以免带来不必要的麻烦
部署集群
RKE工具下载
具体最新版本可看github
wget https://github.com/rancher/rke/releases/download/v1.3.14/rke_linux-amd64
cp rke_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/
mv /usr/local/bin/rke_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/rke
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/rke
ln -s /usr/local/bin/rke /usr/bin/rke
rke -v
#rke version v1.3.14
初始化配置文件
mkdir /data/rancher
cd /data/rancher
rke config --name cluster.yml
按照提示输入即可
[root@master01 rancher]# rke config --name cluster.yml
[+] Cluster Level SSH Private Key Path [~/.ssh/id_rsa]: # 使用~/.ssh/id_rsa
[+] Number of Hosts [1]: 3 # 集群主机个数
[+] SSH Address of host (1) [none]: 10.80.211.180 #主机1地址
[+] SSH Port of host (1) [22]: # SSH端口
[+] SSH Private Key Path of host (10.80.211.180) [none]: ~/.ssh/id_rsa #使用~/.ssh/id_rsa
[+] SSH User of host (10.80.211.180) [ubuntu]: rancher #SSH用户名，这里使用rancher
[+] Is host (10.80.211.180) a Control Plane host (y/n)? [y]: y #是否运行Control Plane
[+] Is host (10.80.211.180) a Worker host (y/n)? [n]: n #是否是worker
[+] Is host (10.80.211.180) an etcd host (y/n)? [n]: n #是否运行etcd
[+] Override Hostname of host (10.80.211.180) [none]: #是否重设hostname
[+] Internal IP of host (10.80.211.180) [none]: # 主机内部IP
[+] Docker socket path on host (10.80.211.180) [/var/run/docker.sock]: # docker sock路径，使用默认
[+] SSH Address of host (2) [none]: 10.80.211.181 #主机2的配置，后续配置相同，不再赘述
[+] SSH Port of host (2) [22]:
[+] SSH Private Key Path of host (10.80.211.181) [none]: ~/.ssh/id_rsa
[+] SSH User of host (10.80.211.181) [ubuntu]: rancher
[+] Is host (10.80.211.181) a Control Plane host (y/n)? [y]: n
[+] Is host (10.80.211.181) a Worker host (y/n)? [n]: y
[+] Is host (10.80.211.181) an etcd host (y/n)? [n]: n
[+] Override Hostname of host (10.80.211.181) [none]:
[+] Internal IP of host (10.80.211.181) [none]:
[+] Docker socket path on host (10.80.211.181) [/var/run/docker.sock]:
[+] SSH Address of host (3) [none]: 10.80.211.182
[+] SSH Port of host (3) [22]:
[+] SSH Private Key Path of host (10.80.211.182) [none]: ~/.ssh/id_rsa
[+] SSH User of host (10.80.211.182) [ubuntu]: rancher
[+] Is host (10.80.211.182) a Control Plane host (y/n)? [y]: n
[+] Is host (10.80.211.182) a Worker host (y/n)? [n]: n
[+] Is host (10.80.211.182) an etcd host (y/n)? [n]: y
[+] Override Hostname of host (10.80.211.182) [none]:
[+] Internal IP of host (10.80.211.182) [none]:
[+] Docker socket path on host (10.80.211.182) [/var/run/docker.sock]:
[+] Network Plugin Type (flannel, calico, weave, canal, aci) [canal]: #网络插件类型
[+] Authentication Strategy [x509]: #认证策略
[+] Authorization Mode (rbac, none) [rbac]: #认证模式
[+] Kubernetes Docker image [rancher/hyperkube:v1.24.4-rancher1]: rancher/hyperkube:v1.21.14-rancher1 #k8s镜像名
[+] Cluster domain [cluster.local]: #集群域名
[+] Service Cluster IP Range [10.43.0.0/16]: #集群内服务IP的范围
[+] Enable PodSecurityPolicy [n]: #pod安全策略
[+] Cluster Network CIDR [10.42.0.0/16]: #集群网络范围
[+] Cluster DNS Service IP [10.43.0.10]: #集群DNS的IP
[+] Add addon manifest URLs or YAML files [no]: #是否增加插件manifest URL或配置文件
然后会在当前目录下生成一个cluster.yml的文件
# ls
cluster.yml
当然这个文件我们也可以自己定义，只需要格式保持一致,如：
[root@master01 rancher]# cat cluster.yml
# If you intended to deploy Kubernetes in an air-gapped environment,
# please consult the documentation on how to configure custom RKE images.
nodes:
- address: 10.80.211.180
port: "22"
internal_address: ""
role:
- controlplane
hostname_override: ""
user: rancher
docker_socket: /var/run/docker.sock
ssh_key: ""
ssh_key_path: ~/.ssh/id_rsa
ssh_cert: ""
ssh_cert_path: ""
labels: {}
taints: []
- address: 10.80.211.181
port: "22"
internal_address: ""
role:
- worker
hostname_override: ""
user: rancher
docker_socket: /var/run/docker.sock
ssh_key: ""
ssh_key_path: ~/.ssh/id_rsa
ssh_cert: ""
ssh_cert_path: ""
labels: {}
taints: []
- address: 10.80.211.182
port: "22"
internal_address: ""
role:
- etcd
hostname_override: ""
user: rancher
docker_socket: /var/run/docker.sock
ssh_key: ""
ssh_key_path: ~/.ssh/id_rsa
ssh_cert: ""
ssh_cert_path: ""
labels: {}
taints: []
services:
etcd:
image: ""
extra_args: {}
extra_args_array: {}
extra_binds: []
extra_env: []
win_extra_args: {}
win_extra_args_array: {}
win_extra_binds: []
win_extra_env: []
external_urls: []
ca_cert: ""
cert: ""
key: ""
path: ""
uid: 0
gid: 0
snapshot: null
retention: ""
creation: ""
backup_config: null
kube-api:
image: ""
extra_args: {}
extra_args_array: {}
extra_binds: []
extra_env: []
win_extra_args: {}
win_extra_args_array: {}
win_extra_binds: []
win_extra_env: []
service_cluster_ip_range: 10.43.0.0/16
service_node_port_range: ""
pod_security_policy: false
always_pull_images: false
secrets_encryption_config: null
audit_log: null
admission_configuration: null
event_rate_limit: null
kube-controller:
image: ""
extra_args: {}
extra_args_array: {}
extra_binds: []
extra_env: []
win_extra_args: {}
win_extra_args_array: {}
win_extra_binds: []
win_extra_env: []
cluster_cidr: 10.42.0.0/16
service_cluster_ip_range: 10.43.0.0/16
scheduler:
image: ""
extra_args: {}
extra_args_array: {}
extra_binds: []
extra_env: []
win_extra_args: {}
win_extra_args_array: {}
win_extra_binds: []
win_extra_env: []
kubelet:
image: ""
extra_args: {}
extra_args_array: {}
extra_binds: []
extra_env: []
win_extra_args: {}
win_extra_args_array: {}
win_extra_binds: []
win_extra_env: []
cluster_domain: cluster.local
infra_container_image: ""
cluster_dns_server: 10.43.0.10
fail_swap_on: false
generate_serving_certificate: false
kubeproxy:
image: ""
extra_args: {}
extra_args_array: {}
extra_binds: []
extra_env: []
win_extra_args: {}
win_extra_args_array: {}
win_extra_binds: []
win_extra_env: []
network:
plugin: canal
options: {}
mtu: 0
node_selector: {}
update_strategy: null
tolerations: []
authentication:
strategy: x509
sans: []
webhook: null
addons: ""
addons_include: []
system_images:
etcd: rancher/mirrored-coreos-etcd:v3.5.4
alpine: rancher/rke-tools:v0.1.87
nginx_proxy: rancher/rke-tools:v0.1.87
cert_downloader: rancher/rke-tools:v0.1.87
kubernetes_services_sidecar: rancher/rke-tools:v0.1.87
kubedns: rancher/mirrored-k8s-dns-kube-dns:1.21.1
dnsmasq: rancher/mirrored-k8s-dns-dnsmasq-nanny:1.21.1
kubedns_sidecar: rancher/mirrored-k8s-dns-sidecar:1.21.1
kubedns_autoscaler: rancher/mirrored-cluster-proportional-autoscaler:1.8.5
coredns: rancher/mirrored-coredns-coredns:1.9.3
coredns_autoscaler: rancher/mirrored-cluster-proportional-autoscaler:1.8.5
nodelocal: rancher/mirrored-k8s-dns-node-cache:1.21.1
kubernetes: rancher/hyperkube:v1.21.14-rancher1
flannel: rancher/mirrored-coreos-flannel:v0.15.1
flannel_cni: rancher/flannel-cni:v0.3.0-rancher6
calico_node: rancher/mirrored-calico-node:v3.22.0
calico_cni: rancher/calico-cni:v3.22.0-rancher1
calico_controllers: rancher/mirrored-calico-kube-controllers:v3.22.0
calico_ctl: rancher/mirrored-calico-ctl:v3.22.0
calico_flexvol: rancher/mirrored-calico-pod2daemon-flexvol:v3.22.0
canal_node: rancher/mirrored-calico-node:v3.22.0
canal_cni: rancher/calico-cni:v3.22.0-rancher1
canal_controllers: rancher/mirrored-calico-kube-controllers:v3.22.0
canal_flannel: rancher/mirrored-flannelcni-flannel:v0.17.0
canal_flexvol: rancher/mirrored-calico-pod2daemon-flexvol:v3.22.0
weave_node: weaveworks/weave-kube:2.8.1
weave_cni: weaveworks/weave-npc:2.8.1
pod_infra_container: rancher/mirrored-pause:3.6
ingress: rancher/nginx-ingress-controller:nginx-1.2.1-rancher1
ingress_backend: rancher/mirrored-nginx-ingress-controller-defaultbackend:1.5-rancher1
ingress_webhook: rancher/mirrored-ingress-nginx-kube-webhook-certgen:v1.1.1
metrics_server: rancher/mirrored-metrics-server:v0.6.1
windows_pod_infra_container: rancher/mirrored-pause:3.6
aci_cni_deploy_container: noiro/cnideploy:5.2.3.2.1d150da
aci_host_container: noiro/aci-containers-host:5.2.3.2.1d150da
aci_opflex_container: noiro/opflex:5.2.3.2.1d150da
aci_mcast_container: noiro/opflex:5.2.3.2.1d150da
aci_ovs_container: noiro/openvswitch:5.2.3.2.1d150da
aci_controller_container: noiro/aci-containers-controller:5.2.3.2.1d150da
aci_gbp_server_container: noiro/gbp-server:5.2.3.2.1d150da
aci_opflex_server_container: noiro/opflex-server:5.2.3.2.1d150da
ssh_key_path: ~/.ssh/id_rsa
ssh_cert_path: ""
ssh_agent_auth: false
authorization:
mode: rbac
options: {}
ignore_docker_version: null
enable_cri_dockerd: null
kubernetes_version: ""
private_registries: []
ingress:
provider: ""
options: {}
node_selector: {}
extra_args: {}
dns_policy: ""
extra_envs: []
extra_volumes: []
extra_volume_mounts: []
update_strategy: null
http_port: 0
https_port: 0
network_mode: ""
tolerations: []
default_backend: null
default_http_backend_priority_class_name: ""
nginx_ingress_controller_priority_class_name: ""
default_ingress_class: null
cluster_name: ""
cloud_provider:
name: ""
prefix_path: ""
win_prefix_path: ""
addon_job_timeout: 0
bastion_host:
address: ""
port: ""
user: ""
ssh_key: ""
ssh_key_path: ""
ssh_cert: ""
ssh_cert_path: ""
ignore_proxy_env_vars: false
monitoring:
provider: ""
options: {}
node_selector: {}
update_strategy: null
replicas: null
tolerations: []
metrics_server_priority_class_name: ""
restore:
restore: false
snapshot_name: ""
rotate_encryption_key: false
dns: null
如果后面需要部署kubeflow或istio则一定要配置以下参数:
kube-api:
kube-api: image: "" extra_args: # 如果后面需要部署kubeflow或istio则一定要配置以下参数 service-account-issuer: "kubernetes.default.svc" service-account-signing-key-file: "/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem"kube-controller:
kube-controller: image: "" extra_args: # 如果后面需要部署kubeflow或istio则一定要配置以下参数 cluster-signing-cert-file: "/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem" cluster-signing-key-file: "/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca-key.pem"
部署集群
执行命令
rke up
# rke up
.....
INFO[0643] [worker] Successfully started Worker Plane..
INFO[0643] Image [rancher/rke-tools:v0.1.87] exists on host [10.80.211.181]
INFO[0643] Image [rancher/rke-tools:v0.1.87] exists on host [10.80.211.180]
INFO[0643] Image [rancher/rke-tools:v0.1.87] exists on host [10.80.211.182]
INFO[0643] Starting container [rke-log-cleaner] on host [10.80.211.180], try #1
INFO[0643] Starting container [rke-log-cleaner] on host [10.80.211.182], try #1
INFO[0643] Starting container [rke-log-cleaner] on host [10.80.211.181], try #1
INFO[0643] [cleanup] Successfully started [rke-log-cleaner] container on host [10.80.211.182]
INFO[0643] Removing container [rke-log-cleaner] on host [10.80.211.182], try #1
INFO[0643] [cleanup] Successfully started [rke-log-cleaner] container on host [10.80.211.180]
INFO[0643] Removing container [rke-log-cleaner] on host [10.80.211.180], try #1
INFO[0644] [remove/rke-log-cleaner] Successfully removed container on host [10.80.211.180]
INFO[0644] [cleanup] Successfully started [rke-log-cleaner] container on host [10.80.211.181]
INFO[0644] [remove/rke-log-cleaner] Successfully removed container on host [10.80.211.182]
INFO[0644] Removing container [rke-log-cleaner] on host [10.80.211.181], try #1
INFO[0644] [remove/rke-log-cleaner] Successfully removed container on host [10.80.211.181]
INFO[0644] [sync] Syncing nodes Labels and Taints
INFO[0644] [sync] Successfully synced nodes Labels and Taints
INFO[0644] [network] Setting up network plugin: canal
INFO[0644] [addons] Saving ConfigMap for addon rke-network-plugin to Kubernetes
INFO[0644] [addons] Successfully saved ConfigMap for addon rke-network-plugin to Kubernetes
INFO[0644] [addons] Executing deploy job rke-network-plugin
INFO[0684] [addons] Setting up coredns
INFO[0684] [addons] Saving ConfigMap for addon rke-coredns-addon to Kubernetes
INFO[0684] [addons] Successfully saved ConfigMap for addon rke-coredns-addon to Kubernetes
INFO[0684] [addons] Executing deploy job rke-coredns-addon
INFO[0689] [addons] CoreDNS deployed successfully
INFO[0689] [dns] DNS provider coredns deployed successfully
INFO[0689] [addons] Setting up Metrics Server
INFO[0689] [addons] Saving ConfigMap for addon rke-metrics-addon to Kubernetes
INFO[0689] [addons] Successfully saved ConfigMap for addon rke-metrics-addon to Kubernetes
INFO[0689] [addons] Executing deploy job rke-metrics-addon
INFO[0694] [addons] Metrics Server deployed successfully
INFO[0694] [ingress] Setting up nginx ingress controller
INFO[0694] [ingress] removing admission batch jobs if they exist
INFO[0694] [addons] Saving ConfigMap for addon rke-ingress-controller to Kubernetes
INFO[0694] [addons] Successfully saved ConfigMap for addon rke-ingress-controller to Kubernetes
INFO[0694] [addons] Executing deploy job rke-ingress-controller
INFO[0699] [ingress] removing default backend service and deployment if they exist
INFO[0699] [ingress] ingress controller nginx deployed successfully
INFO[0699] [addons] Setting up user addons
INFO[0699] [addons] no user addons defined
INFO[0699] Finished building Kubernetes cluster successfully
如果报错则进一步排查。可以往下拉错误集那有没有和我遇到的错误一致
执行成功后当前目录下将会多出以下文件
[root@master01 rancher]# ls
cluster.rkestate cluster.yml kube_config_cluster.yml
使用kubectl命令查看集群
下载kubectl命令工具
具体最新版本可看github
wget https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.21.14/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl
chmod +x kubectl
mv kubectl /usr/local/bin/
ln -s /usr/local/bin/kubectl /usr/bin/kubectl
kubectl version --client
配置连接文件
mkdir ~/.kube
cd /data/rancher
cp kube_config_cluster.yml /root/.kube/
mv /root/.kube/kube_config_cluster.yml /root/.kube/config
查看集群状态
[root@master01 rancher]# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
10.80.211.180 Ready controlplane 14h v1.21.14
10.80.211.181 Ready worker 14h v1.21.14
10.80.211.182 Ready etcd 14h v1.21.14
[root@master01 rancher]# kubectl get cs
Warning: v1 ComponentStatus is deprecated in v1.19+
NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR
controller-manager Healthy ok
scheduler Healthy ok
etcd-0 Healthy {"health":"true","reason":""}
集群更新
添加或删除 worker节点
RKE 支持为worker和 controlplane主机添加或删除节点。
可以通过修改cluster.yml文件的内容，添加额外的节点，并指定它们在 Kubernetes 集群中的角色；或从cluster.yml中的节点列表中删除节点信息，以达到删除节点的目的。
通过运行rke up --update-only，您可以运行rke up --update-only命令，只添加或删除工作节点。这将会忽略除了cluster.yml中的工作节点以外的其他内容。
使用–update-only添加或删除 worker 节点时，可能会触发插件或其他组件的重新部署或更新。
添加一台节点环境也需要一致。安装docker, 创建用户，关闭swap等
集群控制web端部署
rancher控制面板主要方便用于控制k8s集群，查看集群状态，编辑集群等。
使用docker 方式启动一个rancher：
docker run -d --restart=unless-stopped --privileged --name rancher -p 80:80 -p 443:443 rancher/rancher:v2.5.16
然后访问ip:80端口
初始化一个用户后登录到界面，添加集群
然后将所提示的命令到master01上执行
提示证书错误
kubectl apply -f https://10.80.211.180/v3/import/7nk5jdtx5vxvrwrzjzwj2rpq9ccrwtlk5r4hqlk527ch9p99kwbrbq_c-mdds8.yaml
—>Unable to connect to the server: x509: certificate is valid for 127.0.0.1, 172.17.0.2
则执行另外一条
curl --insecure -sfL https://10.80.211.180/v3/import/7nk5jdtx5vxvrwrzjzwj2rpq9ccrwtlk5r4hqlk527ch9p99kwbrbq_c-mdds8.yaml | kubectl apply -f -
添加成功后
文章参考：https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/425139452
视频参考：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1aa411G7dW?is_story_h5=false&p=1&share_from=ugc&share_medium=iphone&share_plat=ios&share_session_id=7C8FC235-2C79-4369-A42C-9FAD879348E5&share_source=WEIXIN&share_tag=s_i×tamp=1663514093&unique_k=ypS5fDk
