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Ink Ink is Kraken’s Ethereum Layer 2 built on the OP Stack, part of the Optimism Superchain, with a standard Ethereum JSON-RPC and WebSocket API, ETH as its gas token, and 1-second block times.
Ink is an OP Stack Layer 2 built by Kraken, part of the Optimism Superchain, with a standard Ethereum JSON-RPC and WebSocket API. The network produces 1-second blocks and uses ETH as its native gas token — no separate ecosystem token.
Ink is built as a DeFi-focused Layer 2 — it targets Ethereum-native DeFi protocols, trading, and consumer crypto applications that need low fees and fast finality without leaving the Ethereum security model.
Start today with a Dedicated Ink node.
| Consensus | OP Stack — a sequencer orders transactions and posts them to Ethereum, secured by a fraud-proof challenge window. Ink is part of the Optimism Superchain. |
| Public / Private / Permissioned | Public and permissionless for users and developers. The sequencer is currently operated by the Ink team. |
| Smart contracts | Full EVM compatibility via the OP Stack — deploy standard Solidity or Vyper contracts without modification. |
| Smart contract language(s) supported | Solidity, Vyper, and any language that compiles to EVM bytecode. |
| Transaction privacy | Not by default. Ink is a public ledger where transactions, balances, and contract state are visible onchain. |
| Transaction visibility | Public by default. Transactions and blocks are queryable through public RPC endpoints and the Ink block explorer. |
| Transaction ordering | The sequencer orders transactions and posts batches to Ethereum L1, with 1-second block times. |
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