A primary patellar dislocation occurs when the kneecap (patella) slips out of its normal groove on the thigh bone (femur), usually toward the outer (lateral) side. This typically causes injury to the soft tissues that stabilise the patella.

End-stage return to sport testing helps to answer these questions by assessing key physical and psychological risk factors relevant to your circumstances.

Adductor-related groin pain (ARGP) is the most common cause of groin pain in athletes, particularly in kicking and multidirectional sports such as AFL and soccer.