lather

English

WOTD – 15 January 2016

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) enPR: lä'thə, lăth'ə, IPA^(key): /ˈlɑː.ðə/, /ˈlæð.ə/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈlæð.ɚ/

• Audio (US):

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• Audio (Australia):

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• Rhymes: -æðə(ɹ), -ɑːðə(ɹ)
• Homophones: lava, larva (Cockney)

Etymology 1

From Middle English lather, from Old English lēaþor (“a kind of nitre used for soap, soda”), from Proto-West Germanic *lauþr, from Proto-Germanic *lauþrą (“that which is used for washing, soap”), from Proto-Indo-European *lówh₃trom (“that which is used for washing”), from *lewh₃-, *lowh₃- (“to wash, bathe”). Cognate with Swedish lödder (“lather, foam, froth, soap”), Icelandic löður (“foam, froth, a kind of niter used for soap”), Old Irish loathar (“wash-basin”), Ancient Greek λουτρόν (loutrón, “a bath, wash-room”), Latin lavō (“to wash”), Albanian laj (“to wash”), Ancient Greek λούω (loúō). More at lye.

Compare typologically Russian мы́ло (mýlo) (a nomen instrumenti of мыть (mytʹ)).

Noun

lather (countable and uncountable, plural lathers)

1. (countable, uncountable) The foam made by rapidly stirring soap and water.

   Synonyms: suds, soap suds

   • 1922 February 2, James Joyce, “[Episode 1: Telemachus]”, in Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company […], →OCLC, part I [Telemachia], page 3:

     Stately, plump Buck Mulligan came from the stairhead, bearing a bowl of lather on which a mirror and a razor lay crossed.

2. (countable, uncountable) Foam from profuse sweating, as of a horse.
3. (countable) A state of agitation.

Derived terms

• in a lather
• latherin
• latherless
• latherwort
• lathery

Translations

foam of soap and water — see also soap suds

• Bikol:

  Central Bikol: subo (bcl)

• Bulgarian: сапунена пяна f (sapunena pjana)
• Catalan: sabonera (ca) f
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 泡沫兒 / 泡沫儿 (zh) (pàomòr)

• Czech: mydliny f pl, mýdlová pěna f
• Danish: skum n
• Dutch: sop (nl) n, zeepsop (nl) n, schuim (nl) n
• Esperanto: sapŝaŭmo
• Finnish: saippuavaahto (fi), vaahto (fi)
• French: mousse de savon f
• Galician: escuma (gl) f, espuma f
• German: Seifenschaum m, Schaum (de) m
• Hungarian: szappanhab (hu), hab (hu)
• Ingrian: muilanvaahto
• Irish: sobal m
• Italian: schiuma di sapone f
• Japanese: 泡 (ja) (あわ, awa, あぶく, abuku), 泡沫 (ja) (ほうまつ, hōmatsu, うたかた, utakata)
• Korean: 비누 거품 (binu geopum)
• Macedonian: сапуница f (sapunica)
• Malayalam: പത (ml) (pata)
• Mongolian: хөөс (mn) (xöös)
• Norwegian: skum (no) n
• Persian: کف (fa) (kaf)
• Plautdietsch: Schum m
• Polish: piana mydlana f
• Portuguese: espuma (pt) f
• Russian: мы́льная пе́на f (mýlʹnaja péna)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: сапу̀ница f

  Latin: sapùnica (sh) f

• Spanish: espuma de jabón f, espuma jabonosa​/​saponácea f
• Swedish: lödder (sv)
• Telugu: నురగ (nuraga)
• Turkish: köpük

  Ottoman Turkish: كوپوك (köpük)

• Ukrainian: мильна піна f (mylʹna pina)
• Welsh: trochion

foam from profuse sweating

• Czech: pěna (cs) f
• Dutch: paardenschuim n
• Finnish: vaahto (fi)
• French: écume (fr) f
• German: Schaum (de) m, Pferdeschaum m (of a horse)
• Hungarian: hab (hu), tajték (hu)
• Irish: brat allais m
• Russian: пе́на (ru) f (péna)
• Ukrainian: піна f (pina), мило f (mylo) (на коні)

state of agitation

• Finnish: vaahtoaminen (fi) (colloquial)

Etymology 2

From Middle English letheren, from Old English līeþran, from Proto-West Germanic *lauþrijan, from Proto-Germanic *lauþrijaną (“to soap, wash”). Cognate with Old Norse leyðra (“to wash, lather”).

Verb

lather (third-person singular simple present lathers, present participle lathering, simple past and past participle lathered)

1. (transitive) To cover with lather.

   I lathered my body with lavender-scented soap.

2. (transitive) To beat or whip.
3. (intransitive) To form lather or froth, as a horse does when profusely sweating.

   Synonyms: spume, suds, foam, froth

   • 1997, Haruki Murakami, translated by Jay Rubin, The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.; republished New York: Vintage Books, 1998, →ISBN, page 147:

     I woke Corporal Honda to see to the horse. Heavily lathered and breathing hard, it had obviously come a long way at high speed.

Derived terms

• latherable
• latherer
• lather, rinse, repeat
• lather up
• nonlathering

Translations

to cover with lather

• Bulgarian: насапунисвам (nasapunisvam)
• Catalan: ensabonar (ca)
• Czech: namydlit
• Dutch: inzepen (nl), soppen (nl)
• Finnish: vaahdottaa (fi), saippuoida (fi)
• French: savonner (fr)
• Galician: enxaboar (gl)
• German: einschäumen (de)
• Hungarian: szappanoz (hu), beszappanoz (hu)
• Italian: insaponare (it)
• Macedonian: насапунува (nasapunuva)
• Polish: mydlić (pl) impf, namydlać impf, namydlić pf
• Portuguese: ensaboar (pt)
• Russian: мы́лить (ru) (mýlitʹ), намы́лить (ru) (namýlitʹ)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: сапуњати, насапуњати

  Latin: sapunjati, nasapunjati

• Spanish: enjabonar (es)
• Turkish: sabunlamak (tr)

  Ottoman Turkish: صابونلامق (sabunlamak)

• Ukrainian: милити (mylyty), намилити (namylyty)
• Welsh: seboni (cy), trochioni; golchi (cy)

to beat or whip

• Bulgarian: бия (bg) (bija), пердаша (bg) (perdaša) (разг.)
• Czech: našlehat
• Finnish: vaahdottaa (fi), vatkata (fi), vispata (fi)
• German: aufschäumen (de), aufschlagen (de)
• Hungarian: megruház (hu), eldönget (hu), megver (hu)
• Ukrainian: бити (uk) (byty), шмагати (šmahaty)

to form lather or froth, as a horse does when profusely sweating

• German: schäumen (de)
• Hungarian: habzik (hu)
• Spanish: espumar (es), espumear (es)
• Turkish:

  Ottoman Turkish: كوپورمك (köpürmek)

• Ukrainian: покриватися милом (pokryvatysja mylom), покриватися піною (pokryvatysja pinoju)

Anagrams

• relath, Hartel, Hartle, halter, thaler, Thaler, Thrale, rathel