Have you ever wondered how that tiny microcontroller, smaller than a fingernail, manages to control smart homes, remote-controlled cars, and even drones? Today, let’s unveil its mysterious veil together. I remember the first time I got my hands on a microcontroller, staring at that small black square for a long time. It looked so simple, … Read more
Memory Layout in Embedded Systems: Designing Compact Apartments in Microcontrollers As an embedded engineer, have you ever wondered how your code settles into the limited memory of a microcontroller after you upload it? Today, we will delve into the layout of embedded programs in microcontroller memory, akin to designing a compact apartment in a limited … Read more
Overview of Common Communication Methods Between Microcontrollers 1. Asynchronous Serial Communication Using Hardware UART. This is a communication method that occupies fewer pins, is effective, and reliable; however, many small microcontrollers lack hardware UART, and some only have one UART. If the system also needs to communicate with a host computer, the hardware resources are … Read more
A microcontroller is essentially a small computer, and just like a large computer, it requires a data storage system. Microcontrollers have this capability, often integrated with the CPU, making them compact and flexible.Until the early 1990s, the most accessible microcontroller in China was the 8031: a chip without built-in memory, requiring external RAM and ROM … Read more
For those new to microcontrollers, the terms “ROM” and “RAM” can be quite confusing. Both are storage areas, but why are they divided into two? Some say ROM is “dead memory” and RAM is “live memory”; while this is not incorrect, it is too vague. Whether it’s the 51 microcontroller, STM32, or the ATmega328P used … Read more
In the world of microcontrollers (also known as microcontrollers), ROM (Read-Only Memory) and RAM (Random Access Memory) are two important storage components, each playing an indispensable role, often found alongside engineers. Today, let’s discuss what ROM and RAM are, their uses, and more. 1. What is ROM? ROM, or Read-Only Memory, is a type of … Read more
Theme of This Issue With the rapid development of LLMs and their demonstrated application potential in various fields, research on LLM-based agents has garnered widespread attention from scholars. However, single-agent systems often exhibit drawbacks such as lengthy context and poor interpretability in reasoning processes in complex task scenarios. Meanwhile, research on multi-agent systems has recently … Read more
1. Is the on-chip RAM exhausted? Two different STM32 users reported similar issues. While compiling example projects from the STM32F7Cube library, they encountered a puzzling message indicating that the on-chip RAM was nearly depleted. Given their understanding of the basic functionalities of the project, this shouldn’t have been the case, and they wanted to know … Read more
This article is originally from Embedded MCU, welcome to follow The S32K3 series is a functional safety automotive MCU launched by NXP based on the Cortex-M7 core and 40nm process, supporting up to ASIL-D. When evaluating the resources of the S32K314, it was found that the actual available RAM size is less than the 512KB … Read more
https://arxiv.org/pdf/2502.02533 “Multi-Agent Design: Optimizing Agents with Better Prompts and Topologies” by Google Abstract This article introduces the Multi-Agent System Search (MASS) framework proposed by Google, which optimizes Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) by alternating between prompt and topology optimization, significantly enhancing performance in various complex tasks. The article presents the Multi-Agent System Search, an optimization framework for … Read more
